How fly neurons compute the direction of visual motion
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 3 мар 2024
- Alexander Borst, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
Abstract: Detecting the direction of image motion is important for visual navigation, predator avoidance and prey capture, and thus essential for the survival of all animals that have eyes. However, the direction of motion is not explicitly represented at the level of the photoreceptors: it rather needs to be computed by subsequent neural circuits. The exact nature of this process represents a classic example of neural computation and has been a longstanding question in the field. Our results obtained in the fruit fly Drosophila demonstrate that the local direction of motion is computed in two parallel ON and OFF pathways. Within each pathway, a retinotopic array of four direction-selective T4 (ON) and T5 (OFF) cells represents the four Cartesian components of local motion vectors (leftward, rightward, upward, downward). Since none of the presynaptic neurons is directionally selective, direction selectivity first emerges within T4 and T5 cells. Our present research focuses on the cellular and biophysical mechanisms by which the direction of image motion is computed in these neurons.
cbmm.mit.edu/video/how-fly-ne... 
Наука
![DRAGON BALL: Sparking! ZERO - Fused Warriors Trailer [BUDOKAI TENKAICHI Series]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/84p4Lvyfyes/mqdefault.jpg)
It's so cool to see people collaborating like that to collect the puzzle from its pieces
And they share it all online... so people all over the world can learn & contribute.
As someone who grew up hating all biology classes, this talk was genuinely amazing and I can tell I'm going to think about it for days.
One brain explaining how another brain works!! If you think about it, its craaazy!
And the brain also named itself.
this is the most impressive scientific presentation i've ever seen, i think
You should see the one on the fruitfly connectome
Best neuroscience video ever. I would love to see more of this!!!!!!!!!!!
you make it sound so simple that even I can understand, I am very grateful!
That direction selective signal looks eerily similar to the output signal from a Passive Infrared (PIR) detector circuit. They both produce direction-selective signals for horizontal motion across two photoreceptors; biological for the fly, and pyroelectric elements in the PIR detector. Is it the case that the entire point of PIR in the first place was to mimic this model from 1956? Or is this just a very pleasant coincidence - a case of convergent evolution in engineering and biology?
alas i am completely unaware of the PIR you mention, your last sentence does remind me of that study where a slime mold very precisely 'replicated' the Tokyo railway system in an attempt to grab nutrients in the most efficient way... wondering how incredible the study of nature is to the understanding of our physical phenomena---take for example the invention of the first battery by Alexander Volta thanks to electric eels. Things like this do make it clear that nature's got a few billion years of a headstart indeed
Great slides! Amazing how nature invented such sophisticated data processing.
My brother, this is not nature الله Who created everything
@@salomhamood2832 nature is part of Allah or God it is same person/event
@@salomhamood2832 My brother, even if God created everything, we still strive to understand it. Don't stick your head in the sand. Learn all about creation
Why do creationists watch these videos even.
@@OmniversalInsectTo annoy.
Amazing presentation, you can tell he is very passionate and knows all the ins and outs of these projects👌
i hope some clever engineer watching this video gets inspired to build the Iron Beam of fly swatters.
I will pay handsomely to have such a system installed at my place.
Give the flys a break , I’d rather see the engineer reverse engineer for use
THE HELLA FLY KILLA
I paused the video because it was getting late, and wanted a sense for how much time to set aside, next day... only to find that I was already 48 minutes deep! Fascinating topic sure, but good overall presentation too.
The Virtual C. Elegans project should be revived with a lot of funding.
This is a very niche topic but I'm glad it's available.
I guess I'd rather not be a fly on the wall in their lab.
😅
Bravo! A standing ovation.
I now know what On/Off-edge response selectivity is!
Dare to explain how do you understand it?
@@plSzq1delayed sampling in directional convolution
I understood it to be on-edge is when an object is entering the field of view and off-edge when leaving.
@adrianfox9431 edge just means contrast
@@0MVR_0 Yes, it's the delayed sampling that really blows my mind. Such exquisite - and simple - naturally selected engineering
Thanks. I'll be able to use this info someday
Faz informática no CEDERJ ou no IFF e depois vai para o LNCC em Petrópolis
This is crazy fascinating!
Nature is amazing. This is basically engineering! How did nature comeup with all this knowledge??!!!!🤔
By method of tries and mistakes. It is evolutionary improving process. We as humans are also the part of this evolutionary process. Now we are evolving our cognitive functions to let whole planet live in peaceful society and then let share live to other planets to increase the living space and resources unlimited.
Well, they first made us, then the fly
Next time I swat a fly, I will be thinking of this work and will be more respectful. But I will still swat it. Seriously though, most impressive work. Well done!!
Thanks for sharing.
Explore exploit the control response; that’s why we began our project with the history of the Generation X project and our hypothesis is one that is focused on activating the programed response
Awesome!
Amazing
That is awesome!
Incredible, thank you
fascinating presentation and amazing scientific work!
hOLLY FUCKING JESUS THE LEVELOF DETAIL IS INSANE!!!
Imagine how many fly they have to dissect in order to get this many information…
At least 3.
no worries its done with AI flys nowadays
Your comment is amazing, lol
At least 3 yes but probably upwards of 1000 haha
Its just a theory a neuro theory
I don't know how I got here. But I like the information I acquired
What this says to me is that a billion parameter software model with thousands of connections each between each single 'cell' is unnecessarily large.
Imagine becoming motion blind. What? How would that even feel, weird as hell. Also this whole mechanism got encoded in the DNA, and this is just a fly, now there are humans like us. Who still thinks this happened by a random chace, of atoms randomly bumping into each other?
Thank for your good quality preparation.Can I ask Alexander Borst a question?
Thanks. 😊
See how much technology comes out of a maggot..
That means if you want to swat flies, you just need to strobe with with a light source....
Main talk starts around 4:20
Borst's talk starts at 3:05.
Counted the manually and with no computer program? Damnn that really reliable doc 😂😅 kidding
Sweet work I love dev bio
woah man
add timestamps to the video please
0:00 video start
56:31 video end
I'm surprised I actually follow, learn and understand all of this without a PhD. I won't be able to repeat many of the things, but that's due to complexity of the chemical/synapse names.
The only thing I don't understand is how nature came up with all of this. It truly boggles the mind.
Well, I understand the mechanism of course, hundreds of millions of different ways had(¹) to have exist that didn't work but still worked good enough to sustain reproduction. Blind animals exist -> sight not even basic requirement of life -> sight has all the time in the world to adapt -> suddenly it works and it has an evolutionary advantage to spread those new genes. (¹=assumption)
That is a lot of confidence for a one interpretation of signal theory
They mapped the fly connectome over a decade, this is almost certainly correct, they are very careful in their analysis.
benim en çok kara sineklerde dikkatimi çeken havada durduğu süre kanat çırpış sayısı
No flies were harmed in the making of this video
Biology is starting to align with programming. Is all really a program and a purposeful creation or just a means of entropy and equalization of energy?
It's because computers are increasingly becoming a perfect mimic of a natural brain.
We are in world programmed by physic laws. All comes from 0=0 equation and is consequence of that equation.
is this a statistical or real-world model of the fly? have we figured out an application for this in machine learning yet?
yes, we can finally simulate your brain
@@tardonator crushed like a fly
the fly has a different system of digestive when she transfrome all the things she touches. I think that her mouth they invented a stethoscope it just look like her mouth she has role, like others, the insects, and the organisms in the environment in the circle of nature.,
A fly can do what the latest model Tesla can't do, just imagine. We're not looking at the problem correctly.
I think we underestimate the power of the neuron's naturally selected biophysical properties to compute a model of the world. It's literally hundreds of millions of years in the making. A thing of wonder!
why else would this guy study flies if he didn't know it was worth it? why are both of you talking like no one marvels at nature?
@@d.lav.2198it started working all that time ago when God designed it. Has not been selected for naturally, but unnaturally by the great engineer.
@@shoopinc pls just shut up
If Tesla model could comprehend rotten meat
The fly is basically a biological machine!!!😏
Same as humans and any other living organisms - we are all biorobots and observers of this world. Something like God eyes and ears.
Thank you for helping me to inderstand this vers of Quran : "O mankind, an example is presented, so listen to it. Indeed, those you invoke besides Allah will never create [as much as] a fly, even if they gathered together for that purpose."
Very interesting how "low level" it all is. Just a few layers deep is all that's needed for basic motion analysis.
Here to do research on my mortal enemy
WHAT ABOUT BEES?
🎉😂❤
Flyologist
Glory to god
Love that the research group is nearly 50:50 gender wise. This is powerful science. (I am not trying to stage a debate here, I am merely expressing my personal opinion.)
Ah yes, of course through the miracle of great evolution. 🎉
There will not be an excuse come the end of our days.
This world, has been designed by an intelligent designer.
But this presentation dont tell why some flies so difficult to swat!
Drosophila researchers should be called Drosophilaphilists - Drosophila lovers - or one more step and dew-lover lovers. Or maybe Black-bellied dew-lover lovers .
Someone should reverse engineer
get me a job on it and i'd do it
that's literally what they are doing
People are just starting to figure out how Gods creation works.
ever try to catch a fly ? they outperform humans every time with far less compute and energy
Try to do it from its behind. Move really slowly your hand then at last phase of movement of your hand catch it really fast.
too long didnt watch
Not even an hour.
If thats too long, ive got bad news
Not enough family guy and subway surfers side clips
This is the most useless thing I've ever seen. The amount of time, energy and money spent on this work could be much better used elsewhere.
Curious how you got this statement
You do realise that understanding this stuff in animals is done also to then understand it in humans for medical purposes, yeah?
@@HaganeNoGijutsushiYeah but this it's not the case. The rule is that: similar organisms function in similar ways, this is why monkeys and mices are used for studies. Flies have a compound eye, with many facets, the brain is complete different. If you want to believe that this is gonna be relevant to humans, go ahead, but its a mere belief, or to be more precise, its a justification for expending money in this sort of thing.
@@etbilu8269 it's not going to be all applicable, but some details and general principles will, and we can't know what in advance. If we only studied science whose applications we know for sure we'd have a lot less technology. Very often we discover the answers before we even discovered the questions, and we only realise that in hindsight.
@@etbilu8269 Yeah these guys could've built a rocket to Mars and cured cancer smh
*O humanity! A lesson is set forth, so listen to it ˹carefully˺: those ˹idols˺ you invoke besides Allah can never create ˹so much as˺ a fly, even if they ˹all˺ were to come together for that. And if a fly were to snatch anything away from them, they cannot ˹even˺ retrieve it from the fly. How powerless are those who invoke and those invoked!* Quran :73
I would say that there is better creatures than Fly.
we don't need to make flies, making jet plans will be more beneficial.
@@Math_w_Physics “There are better creatures than a fly” - That is the point. God is challenging his deniers to create a being that is [in their eyes] as insignificant as a fly, using all of their manpower and resources. After realising the impossibility of such a task, they should be humbled and in awe of God’s creative ability
@@Math_w_Physicsjets are already designed based on whales for their aerodynamics. We are copying what God has done supernaturally.
... are you going to quote a passage about the balrog next?
Let's see how well that holds in let's say a hundred years from now. Just like how well the claim about flat earth by both bible and quran hold true today.
😂
I'm all ears when I watch your videos ��