Railway power lines | The Art of keeping them STRAIGHT
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- Опубликовано: 7 июн 2022
- Whenever you travel in a train you might have seen these hanging weights near the poles and a strange connection of wires near to them. What exactly are they? Why couldn’t they just use a simple conductive wire arrangement similar to the normal power transmission system? Let’s learn about the details of auto tensioning devices.
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When I was a little boy, I always wonder why there are so many complicated components up there. Thanks for the explanation.
How old are you now?!🙄🤔
I am 43 now.
@@yishujia186 and what was your age when you were little boy?!🙄🤔
I was curious about this when I was about 8-10 years old. As I learned more in school as a teenager, I started to know the purpose of the weight. But I still don’t know the rest of the mechanism.
@@yishujia186 thank you. i was just curious 😄
I have travelled 10+ years in Indian trains and i have daily seen all this mechanism and now i can really understand them, thanks a lot.
I think you should've learnt this already by yourself, from the roof of the train the observation should be relatively easy
@@laurisikiosometimes observation itself may not spark the need to understand
100 💯
@@laurisikio lmao
@@laurisikio why would someone sit on roof of train?
This guy puts a lot of time and effort into his animations
I think it’s a whole team
Tooo good an explanation. I love the way you start with a problem, suggest a solution, and improve it step by step. Also the graphics is great. Also, the way you narrate is at prefect cadence with appropriate pauses. You are doing great service. I wish I learned these when I was younger, oh well! Better late than never.
👏
Well said, I only wish schools too taught this way.. If this topic was taught in school, the teacher would just draw the entire diagram tell what the names of the components and then move on
A great explanation. Respect to the 3D artist for a job well done.
As European Train driver, i couldn't spot a mistake. Good work.
Only thing that would have been lowkey important is how the Panthograph switches wires without getting tangled up ripping the overhead line down.
These devices look like a sled, and are installed at the said point.
That depends. Those sleds are only found on section-insulations in The Netherlands. The rest just 'interceps' and 'leave' the current contact wire by raising it from the contact wire that really is in contact with the pantograph.
Sometimes, composite-material drive-able insulators are used. Long, cilindrical elements between two sections to create insulation while also being able to drive under them with the pantograph while applying power.
For section-insulation, we use those sleds (with a rather large type from RIBE being ever more common).
But normal Dutch trains run on 1.8 kVDC only, that makes things quite a bit more easy (and complex at the same time due to the high currents involved)
Proof that u r European train driver??
Jumper cables were mounted facing the wrong way. Need to be coupled in a “C” fashion facing direction of travel to help prevent the jumper from getting snagged if loose.
@@Hockeyking86 We just don't connect jumper wires like that in The Netherlands at all as almost all of our tracks are double and secured like single track (in professional terms: Double single-track safety). It just means that both tracks can be driven on in both directions should this be necessary.
Jumper wires are made with long wires connected to the contactwire, up to the catenary wire (with a stress-loop in between to allow for movement at different temperatures) and then extend over to the newly added wire. Usually we double this wire and you'll see two loops.
An even more complex situation can be seen here: www.m-voorloop.nl/modelbouw/blikopbovenleiding/bovenleiding-krul-draagkabel-rijdraad.jpg
@@sanjayvaradharajan he has no proof. he is a martian train driver. an alien in disguise!
Not only does the wire need to maintain a constant height over the rail, it also needs to zig-zag sideways, on a horizontal plane over the rails. If the wire was like a straight line, it would quickly wear thru the pentagraphs single contact point. By zig-zagging sideways, it moves the contact point back and forth, over a bar of carbon at the top of the pentagraph. The video kind of shows this, but doesn’t explain that extra bit of complication.
I’m not an engineer, but I play one on TV, so I know what I’m talking about.
I also play a brain surgeon. Come see me for discounted rates.
This problem was explained in another video "The Brilliant Engineering behind Pantographs!"
You are correct in this point. But I don't see how playing something on TV effects you real life capabilities above a superficial insight.
Sounds like you watched the other lesics video on cable trollies
@@jackmclane1826 Perhaps he was joking.......
@@jackmclane1826 nothing gets past this guy!
I worked that out by myself one day when I was standing on a bridge across a railway. When I had got it, an ÖBB Railjet train passed. Imagine my surprise when I saw the exact same train in your video!
Yes and the Taurus sound!
I loved traveling by train as a child and would stay up all night looking out the window. I used to wonder what the weights were all the time then when I learnt about thermal expansion at school I connected the dots but never knew for sure. So glad my "guess" was correct. Thank you for the video. Great explanation!
ruclips.net/video/KxMnApA5bcg/видео.html
Incredibly clever design just to keep wires straight.
There’s nothing extraordinary in this design. The idea is to just keep adding more supports. I’m sure a smart 10 year old would have come up with a similar thing if tasked with the right materials and tools.
@@frizzby-x Of course they can. But when done, they'd be in their 20s xD
@@frizzby-x so you can design this? Please, sit down peasant.
@@frizzby-x 🤓🤓🤓
This video should be used in every railway school!!! Schools use the same old methods since the 60s' with pictures in books with 1000+ words whose understanding depends on subjective aspects. Teaching methods have to evolute with society and also adapt to the students and not just the opposite.
What is a railway school?
@@nhytg376tgyuu765gjmg where students get a degree to work in railways, no matter the degree level: operational, technical or university courses
Well, I wouldn’t… there are a few factual issues with these videos.
@@michelpereira3194 Everything with the railways themselves right? As the train drivers get educated via the operator
@@gwyneddboom2579 All explanations are incomplete. By your logic every description of any matter is flawed.
Its so amazing how genius and clever were those people (or maybe just one person) who designed all that so the cables dont drags.
It didn't happen in a day, nor by a single person.
Exactly, it's the combined effort of many many people sharing insights, experience and results. You are just seeing the end result!
i bet you can imagine what they had to do before they realized they needed a more advanced design
It’s not that is nuclear fusion either!
These systems were finalized in the 50’s with little newtonian physics and more medieval ingenuity…
You know… 40 years after Einstein presented his theory of General Relativity!
This. This explains all the questions I've had regarding railway powerlines. I had guessed that the weights were used to tension the system, but I couldn't understand why the braces seemed to have "hinges". I also didn't understand why there seemed to be so much interwire bracing on higher-speed systems. Liked and subscribed.
Can't imagine how many times i tought of this while waiting for the train. I'm not even subbed to you, but it showed up on my recommended. Thanks a lot!!! Now i finally know.
@pana riello It wouldn't even surprise me at this point! Hahaha
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How much an engineer have to think for such a system seems very easy and simple. So many concept and many techniques used.
Hats off to those intelligent brains who proposed these ideas to make our life easy. 🙏
they spend more time dealing with science instead of a church.
That's the best way to ADVANCE instead of dwelling on stories written by people that sanctioned science as witchcraft
It's amazing how many engineering concerns need to be taken into consideration to achieve such a simple result.
And this is the design for a simple bit of straight track. I can imagine how quickly the complexity of the design will increase when you add multiple points and diamond crossovers. Very clever people designing these systems.
Rail technology always look simple but there is always depth of engineering thanks to you we can able to understand this depth.
It looks simple because railways where always about efficiency. 200 years of innovation trying to find the simplest working solution.
I can assure you tht railway Engineering is tough man. 😂. Interesting but tough
The old New Haven Railroad used a very elegant design that reduced the need for intermediate supports and did not require swing arms. It was a triangular shaped wore arrangement with two catenary wires on the top and one contact wire on the bottom. The wires were spaced by droppers designed to keep the contact wire level. Because there were two catenary wires with spacers between them, the whole wire assembly remained straight in the horizontal plane and could be installed with fewer supports.
That arrangement worked well for about 80 years.
Can you share pictures Bill? It sounds interesting.
@@matteopietrobelli8610 If you google "New Haven Railroad electrification" and go to images, you can see a few examples of it pop up. It is a very neat and elegant design! Apparently, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway used it too.
The contact wire, catenary and droppers assembled together reminds me the engineering of suspension bridges.
Yes, very similar concept. You want both the contact wire and the road horizontal!
Please bring more and more topics from Electrical and Electronics background...very interesting and great art of explanation. ✋
yes
I want to know how generator make electricty
Thank you for the effort u made.. to understand this engineering conception 🙏🙏
I can't even imagine how I will become an engineer without this channel
I love Lesics incremental approach to arriving at the solution. By the time you get to the end, it's clear it couldn't be another way!
The amazing animation and the level of knowledge provided by you that too for free. God bless You. People like you make the world a smarter place.
Great video! Another interesting thing: looking down from straight above, the train power line is actually not perfect straight, it 's intentionally a slight zigzag horizontally. Thus when train progress, the wear on the train pento will be evenly distributed in a range, instead of a single cut by a perfect straight line. In this way the life span of train pento will be greatly increased.
that makes sense, nice!
Also mention that the wires are not perfectly parallel to the railway lines under it, rather it moves from side to side in a zig zag manner as we travel along the line. This is done to prevent the wires from rubbing the pantograph in a straight line and cutting a groove in the sliding material.
I believe it is explained in another video on this channel. I believe it is the video about pantographs.
Also the cable wires touching the pantograph is passing in a zig-zag manner to allow for uniform wear n tear on the pantograph. @3:58
That makes sense. I wonder how often the contact strip on the pantograph would have to be replaced.
What a great and informative piece - it makes it so much easier for visual learners to comprehend new information! Keep up the great job, guys!
That animations and the explaination was on point. Couldn't have been any more clearer.
The OHLE is not actually straight. It runs in a zig zag pattern to spread the wear over the width of the pan carbon. If this was not done, the carbons would not last very long.
Watch from 4:00 . The pantograph isn't having a single point of contact
This was covered in their past video : ruclips.net/video/GJbUI2D3rLY/видео.html :)
@@commieSlayer69 yeah, you need to have a transition from the old contact wire to the new contact wire, otherwise the pantograph will catch and break
He meant straight from the side perspective.
@@commieSlayer69 Nice username :D
good video. I like the on-camera segments, I like seeing who is behind the videos I watch. Makes it clear you're someone who enjoys the subject matter, not just a content farm. Also a good physics demo too, haha.
I agree. The "practical" demonstration is better than having all animation / CGI. It offers proof that the wire will sag under its own weight and cannot be level without the additional support. Theoretically one could create animation that arched the wire up between supports. A practical demonstration shows why the wire arches down. My local electric railroad has constant tension complex catenary with each arm pulling the wire left or right from center as well as supporting the messenger wire above and contact wire below. At the transfer points between wire segments each wire rises upwards from a middle point where the wires are level. Constant contact against constant height constant tension catenary. Places where the power source changes from one substation to another are designed differently so the pan does not short the two circuits (but that is beyond the scope of this video).
I first thought "ah, it's just the weights and pully" but there's a lot more! Thanks!
SIMPLE YET COMPLICATED, OR COMPLICATED YET SIMPLE !!
Beauty of Engineering & Technology
When I was driving to Winnipeg I see lots of this but I see those circular motor things I don't know whether or not moving so thank you for this combination
Very happy I'm Subscribed and toggled the notification bell. First-class material in each video.
I love how your videos go hand in hand! For example, now your viewers already know how a pantograph works and the basics of power transmission with trains. This makes the current video easier to understand and really shows how much thought goes into your videos!
I am extremely thankful because you made video on the topic that I requested you earlier. Your channel make people understand engineering at early age. 🙏🙏🙏
Fantastic video! Greetings from an Electrical Engineer in Brazil 🇧🇷
Very impressive and useful information I've ever learn from anyone, good going, congratulations,keep teaching more ,,
Very informative animation. Great design! The ice storms must be an issue with all those wires though... Self powered trains have their advantages!
And disadvantages also. Batteries don't last long and diesel is why we have trains Disney made a monorail but that requires raising the rail above the ground way above. Sky bus was a big failure in Pittsburgh no one wanted it in their neighborhood. 73
I rode a train like this today and was looking at the wiring setup and was trying to figure out why they do it the way they do. And now I know. Thank you!
I have always wondered why there are 2 wires and sometimes just a single wire, usually in train yards. This video clarified it very nicely.
Thank you so much for the explanation! Simple and detailed!
I've actually never wondered about this, I just looked up and observed and drew my quite correct conclusions.
Btw, Railjet is awesome.
This was amazing! I was literally wondering about this yesterday and today it popped-up in my RUclips feed!!
What a great presentation. Well done. After watching i am even able to explain it to others because of the logic build up. You answered each time the question "Why" and that is what makes it so powerful.
"Keep it perfectly straight"
You mean, perfectly flat... Right?
A straight cable will apply friction to a small portion of the pantograph and wear it out prematurely.
Cables actually zig-zag to distribute this friction and thus allow the areas that haven't touched recently to cool off.
Amazing! Could you also tell me also how electricity is provided when train is changing railway network? For example, when you're crossing international borders between Italy and Switzerland, you're switching from RFI to FFS, and therefore electricity is provided by the new railway infrastructure company (FFS) and not to the previous one (RFI) anymore.
Between the two networks there will be a 'neutral' section (no voltage) where the supply from one country finishes and the supply from the next country starts. The locomotive driver will know that they need to coast between the two sections. If the two networks are the same voltage and type (for example 25 kV AC) then the loco just continues on. If there is a difference in voltage or supply type (maybe one is DC and the other AC) then the loco has to be a 'hybrid' type which can deal with the different systems and it will automatically switch to the different voltage or system.
Thank you the narrator and animatior and all people involved in producing this video, this solve the problem I had since a lttile boy. You have sucessfully make people appreicate your work as well as how our railways are design!
me working with trains knowing all this information, still found this video interesting and useful for people who dont know very well done
Thanks for the information ❤️
Two questions: 1. How long has this system been in use. I only noticed the weights about 30 years ago. Have they always been there? 2. I always wondered how long the wires and the pantograph last. It seem the friction between a speeding train and a cable would be huge. Are the pantographs made especially soft so that they take all the wear and tear? I mean, you don’t wanna replace the conducting cable too often.
They explain this in their other video about pantographs
Thanks for the knowledge and information. Solid, simple, and to the point. I appreciate your work.
So, FINALLY learned it just in time BEFORE my 60th birthday! 🤗 From experience with ropes, it was always clear to me how difficult it is to get a rope or a cable straight for a longer time, but I couldn't imagine how one can get an adjustment mechanism that is able to deal with the wear and tear caused by the contact with the *pantograph at high speeds and to be fully functional for a long time! *II thought that pantograph would actually "grab" the wire.
A lot of people are interested in this!
Oh hi, love your videos!
I always love these explanations! Watch out for pronunciation, for example 2:10 it’s quite hard to make out what you’re saying. The content is still amazing though.
that's why the bigbrain behind these amazing videos rarely appears in the videos himself
Have just noticed it for the first time, and now I am unable to unsee it.
And I love it
Wow , very clever design! Thank you Lesics for this great explanation.
You cannot eliminate all the sagging because of gravity. My physics teacher tried to get rid of the dip on his clothes line and he pulled the wire so tight and the poles came out of the ground. Florida sand don't hold well and even before the poles came out of the ground there still was a dip. As for cable cars the trolley has spring action to keep the trolley on the wires and the counter weights help keep some dip out of the wires. 73
The simple wiring without catenary is actually used in tram systems. The sagging isn't such a huge problem for vehicles moving relatively low speed.
That's the funny thing ;) Amsterdam almost only has the simple wiring system, while Rotterdam and The Hague usually has the more complex systems.
Again. Modern engineering is so amazing
Muito bom, sempre olhava esse sistema da CPTM em São Paulo e me perguntava como funcionvava
ficava vendo o contrapeso e as polias durante os congestionamentos na marginal, mas nunca parei para pensar sobre as catenárias. Ótimo vídeo.
Thank you! An excellent explanation. I never thought about it in such detail. Now a lot of things make sense. The next time I travel by train, I will observe the Overhead Power Cables carefully and of course, think of Lesics. :)
You're doing an incredible job. Thank you.
This information came very lately...but u r first to explain this detail topic....thankyou
I’ve seen what happens when a weight drops. The pantograph got caught up and melted, doubling back over itself. It’s a bit chaotic.
The narrator for the animation is speak clearly, should get him to cover the narration for the real life segment too.
This video answered some questions I had as a child.
Thank you.
This was part of my suggestion by RUclips. Not only did I learn something new, it also made it clear how suspended bridges stay straight leveled.
I didn't know that the cable that powered electric train is this complex, i always thought they just strengthen it by making it like a bridge structure.
The more you know
Sir, you teach these topics in step by step
What is the name of this technique of teaching a topic step by step?????
Please respond, I want to learn this technique in detail so that I can teach to my siblings🙏
These videos are great. This is how engineering should be explained, as solutions arrise, then problems, then solutions to those problems, on and on. Good stuff
Wow!such a brilliant and articulate explanation!
Are u from kerala
* I will forever be indebted to you, you have changed my entire life and I will continue to preach on your name for the world' to hear that you save me from huge financial debt with little investment thank you very much Expert Mrs... Clara
I think I'm blessed because if not I wouldn't have met someone who is as spectacular as expert Mrs Sophia
I think that she is the best broker I ever seen
She is real and trustworthy
Yes I'm also a living testimony of expert Mrs Sophia
Who's this professional everyone is talking about I always see her post on top comment on every RUclips video I watched
Literally have goosebumps, as I'm working in the 2X25 KV OHE system.
Well explained in marvel of engineering which we have just taken for granted not knowing the complexities involved. We really need such explanation with practicals Thanks you
Wires can never be perfectly straight - they will always follow a catenary curve.
The point of the complicated double wire arrangement is to minimize the actual sag by reducing the distance between supports.
Yep, that's what they said. Pretty cool.
@@KurtRichterCISSP yeah. You can't put a pole every 5-8 feet, but you can put a support wire that frequently.
The video does a good job of going over why each element is added step by step.
One of the best thing about dude is that he never takes credit for himself when he achieves something. He always respect us, the audience and his team, and he is polite in all his videos. We congratulate ourselves on this
But one thing that is not the best about you is that you ask for 1k without any videos
@@stevyn9276 I like it😁
@@respect.cr07 😌✌️
I uses look out of the train window on the opposite track staring at the overhead line for hours and figured a lot out actually but never quit got it. now I do! thanks!
I'm wondering that how Engineers could finally get a brilliant design for such complex factors...Hatsoff to those minds...👏
Trial and error. Thats how most engineering problems get solved.
Why am I here?
To learn some cool things
2:10 Face reveal!
this is all ready happened
Never noticed these before, nor questioned the wires ... Though I'm always looking to further my knowledge in pretty much anything that I can take in.
Really appreciate the explanation of what they are, what they're for, and their limitations
I thought that it is simple but it is complex . But you have make me understood how it works . Thanks a lot !!
This is called pure informative video. Very nicely done
Very Impressive presentation 😍...Thanks Team for all your efforts in making this beautiful one ..👏👍
Best explanation of catenary ever . Thank You .
Excellent work my friend. Thank you for it!
I was asking this to myself everyday while going to my Collage school, that was almost 2 decades ago. Finally!! 😎😎
I didn't NEED to know, but am always interested - to see what I may learn. THanks - that was an eye opener. more compllicated than keeping a level road on a suspension bridge.
The world is full of wonders we hardly notice. Thanks for such a video :)
Always asked how it works, when i was a kid then a boy then an adult, and now finally i know. So ingenious! Thank you all Lesics.
This is wounderful. Never thought a simple powercarryung line has to be this much sophisticated .
That's the thing, it's not a simple power carrying wire, it's a robust power delivery system which has to deliver to a moving target. If all it had to do was carry power, the sag wouldn't matter. I can't think of a simpler way to run a wire to a moving target though.
I love the fact that this shows up on my feed only 2 weeks after I return from Spain, where I rode the high speed train
Incredible explaining with awesome animations. Thank you very much.
Very informative and explained in a simple yet understandable way
~ 2:30 - BTW, the shape that arc assumes is hyperbolic cosine, also known as catenary curve. Hence the name sometimes used for those "sagging" overhead wires. (The word is derived from the Latin _catenaria_ - “chain”.)