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Me:Time to do some homework and get my room in tip top shape! Kings and Generals: Want to learn how Postural Nomads effectively ran a army's supply lines that helped them forge a empire? Me: *sighs* here I go clicking again.
The Mongols didn't just know how to fight and intimidate their enemies. They also knew how to feed themselves and survive in some very tough environments. This video was great. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Hard to think any tougher environment than the Mongolian steppes in Eurasia. It can get scorching hot in the summer and freezing cold in the winter similiar to Siberia.
@@pinchevulpes yeah it's very salty and hard/dry. Turkic people also used those. You can approximate it if you salt cottage cheese, form it into small round compressed bits (a piece of cloth would be used to squeeze any water out) and then dried. They go great with beer :)
@@pinchevulpes I'm not sure it was the first nutrition bars, a lot of peoples have their recipes of travel food full of nutriments, such as pemmican ^^
I never really thought about this before, but their supply chains must have been pretty complicated. The Romans had the brilliant idea of laying paved roads, but I've never heard of Mongolian logistics before. Sure to be an interesting video!
@Вхламинго i’m sure you’re as aware of the logistics of the many native american tribes, as I am of the Mongolians’. Don’t shame people for seeking knowledge
@Вхламинго Thats not a fair assessment. I can guarantee that you didn't learn a lot of world history in minute detail from school. You have to go out and either studying certain periods of history or be a history buff like most of us here are to learn this stuff. I don't live in the US but I too wasn't aware of a lot of the details presented in this video. At the end of the day, you don't know what you don't know and you should never shame someone for a lack of knowledge
Exactly, they were their own supply train. This is what allowed the mongols to campaign thousands of kilometres away from their homeland years on end and is what made nomadic armies stand out among its contemporaries. Something like this has never since been replicated in any future militaries.
@@WTFisDrifting A Mongolian here! And horse meat is awesome. The fat does not chill, is a lot tender than Mongolian beef *and* it's not gamey like mutton. Sure it has a weird smell but nothing some aromatics can't fix. Plus it's dirt cheap.
During Cengiz's Rule time, The "Turco-Mongol Empire" excisted out more than 60% Turkic tribes , just saying btw Cengiz was of Turkic origin according to Chinese sources who wrote the "Early Turkic History"
It took another 600 years before invasions reached the same level of complexity demonstrated by Subutai's invasion of Europe. Ironically, Operation Barbarosa faltered and failed partially due to logistics
I want to thank you all at Kings and Generals for supplying us viewers with free documentaries of absolutely stunning quality. To be honest the quality of your videos are in many ways even better than those on TV. This is one of the few channels I watch every single video from, each at least as good as the previous!
One of the main reasons why it was rare for Mongol warriors to be heavily armored was simple. Their smaller horses had a much harder time the heavier weight armored troops placed upon them.
Yeah the steppe nomads influenced Russians at a surprising level it seems. Here's a thing that bugs me, the word for father, Отец seems acutely similar to Turkic word Ata for father. Coincedence?
@@subutaynoyan5372 I think it's a coincidence. All slavic languages have a similar word for father and for poles or croatians it can't be explained by steppe influence.
@@user-ku7xb3fi2w Well, Avars and Huns were Turkic clans too. They were around the area around 1600 years ago even. There's no indo european language that I know of, that has such a word for ''Father''.
@@subutaynoyan5372 greek ἄττα, latin аttа, gothic atta, albanian аt, irish aite (not exactly father, but "custodian"), hittites аttаš. Your theory is nice, but this word is older then you think. It seems to be from children`s speech, same as "ma" for mother in very unconnected landuages. Something similar works for "pa" and "ba" roots, also often used for parent figures.
Yes because ammo, supplies and reinforcements getting to it's destination are all dependent on how good your logistics is. Could make the difference between victory and defeat in battles.
@@hmoobmeeka Because great soldiers won't do you much good if you can't supply them consistently. Now, what if you have crap soldiers then? Well, you seem to forget that humans can improve as time goes on, and a crap soldier won't be as bad if he keeps at it for some time. As such, logistics could be a big help by allowing soldiers to stay on the field and test their skills, as well as ensure they'll be fed and watered enough to stay satisfied and continue to fight and improve. As a plus, if you have good logistics you can always draw more bodies from your lands to throw at the enemy :P
Aaruul mixed with jerky, rolled into small balls. That was the secret. Oh also horse fat doesn't freeze. Very unique meat. You can eat it during winter while it's cold no need to warm it. But it has after taste. Other than that superb food
I belong to the Pashi tribe of Hazara, according to our oral tradition we are one of the few Hazara tribes which descended from Genghis Khan's Mongol warriors garrisoned in Afghanistan :))) 13:09
Genghis: we are going to go conquering! Lieutenant: but sir, will we invade to the north, the east, the south, or the west? Genghis: all directions at the same time should work
You army laughed at Tatars for having to get close and missing half of their targets. They didn't laugh much when many lightly wounded soldiers died from poison or when they entered Paris.
@abis8 alpha8 300-500 is max range, and utterly useless number for military effective shooting. IRL, most archers fired at around 100m distance, regardless of bow type. As to the comparison, bow do a lot less damage than muskets, and muskets as early as the late 16th century often utterly destroyed horse archers when directly engaged, simply because of troop positioning, area of attack, and fire focus. Ottoman archers most often dismounted when engaging musketmen, because foot archers actually fared better, for the above mentioned reasons. Even the foot archers would lose of course, which is why the Jannisaries replaced their elite bows with muskets as soon as they could, but more effective than mounted archery regardless.
@abis8 alpha8 I am not speaking of max effective range of arrow shot lol, I am speaking of effective range of archery on the battlefield. Firing arrows at 500 yards is utterly useless, in fact, the very point horse archers made throughout history is to come as close as possible to the enemy and fire their bows, because long ranged volleys seemed ineffective. Hell, Saladins Turks actually even dismounted after closing in at Arsuf because they wanted a more effective shot. Max range is utterly useless for military data. Hell, max range of a musket is likely 1000+ yards, as that is how far the bullet can go with hurting you, yet they fired around 100 yards, for the same reason as above.
@@Cailus3542 All people have brains, it's a prerequisite for living. It's hilarious how you're arguing with a quote and think you're intelligent. There are plenty of intelligent people who have never studied any of those subjects. Oh, and topography is a subset within the field of geography.
Having been in the military this is very true and has always fascinated me . I read the it takes 3 times the number of support to supply the fighting force . Just the whole dynamics of figuring out the plan to supply the force for the objective , what the people went though and sustaining or not being able to for a sustained conflict ....... its amazing !
The Mongols are a warrior race I always get fascinated. Very hardy people and unique.... they way they fight and the way they managed to sustain for the long campaign. This video has been researched well and made even more fantastically.
Normally you hear of nations conquering small regions or cities "the conquest of milan" or "the conquest of constantinople" but no the mongols have "the conquest of western eurasia"
Logistics might not be as sexy as battles, but it has always been of great interest to me. For every Allia, there was some guy with a cart of cabbages.
No bullets, no battles. Logistic troops are just as important as fighting troops, irrespective of how much they might be derided by combat troops as REMFs or POGs
I have watched many hundreds of ancient history documentary episodes, but this may be the most informative and clearly presented of all of them. Many many thanks.
Wow! The Mongols were far more sophisticated (civilized?) than I knew! It was not just brute strength and violence, it was also exquisite organization on a vast scale!
Hey Crash Course History, we’ve finally found an instance where the Mongols WEREN’T the exception!!! Great stuff, K&G. Didn’t realize I wanted this video until I got giddy when I saw it posted. Keep ‘em coming.
Genghis Khan needed three things to conquer: Subedai. Jebe. Muqali. Genghis Khan was a political visionary of genius - but he wouldn't have achieved so much had he not been blessed with some remarkable battlefield generals. Subedai in particular deserves to be ranked with Hannibal and Alexander.
Subutai Russian campaign is the best one for me. In cold Russian winter they passed easily frozen rivers and lakes on horseback, putting sheep oil over riders skin to protect from cold weather and sustaining only by mare milk and blood they attacked the unexpected Slavic villages when they are staying in houses warming by the fire. They must be thinking that Mongols are actually demons not humans to be attack in such conditions Lol:)
I would like you to mention the Mongolian-Uighur relationship as well. In the Mongol Empire, bureaucrats were chosen from the Uighurs. They are the steppe people with a well-established writing culture. When the Mongols met the Uighurs, they took advantage of this culture. Uighurs were involved in writing and archiving documents and reports, military mapping, writing orders, and managing the budget and taxes. They made important contributions to the foundation of the Mongol Empire. Later, as the Mongols settled in China and Iran, the indigenous people here began to enter the brocracy
Fantastic, wonderful! Thank you for doing a logistics video. Please think about doing an entire series concerning the field logistics, manufacturing technology and general available resources of historical armies throughout all periods. Some valuable knowledge is gained by seeing HOW something begins, rather than it's ending. Again, thank you for the great channel!
Its a golden rule to like a kings and generals video befor watching , why ? because mongols never killed envoy of their enemy , and its a kings and generals video which entertain you in a way in times of corona nothing else will .
Dear K&G, you guys do not cover Indian and Southeast Asian history as much as European or Mongolian history. This makes your indian subscribers like me very disappointed. I suggest you to make a documentary on ancient Indian scientific studies or how Hinduism and Buddhism spread to east and southeast Asia. I'm sure you guys would make a million view-worthy video. Please consider the suggestion. BTW you guys do very fine job from animation to narration. Keep it up and may the gods bless you all.
Im aware that once the Great Khan died and his sons took over the Mongolian Empire fractured but im honestly still confused how they ultimately became what it is now. I hope there will be further clarification on that in the future.
Ilkhanate and Yuan Dynasty were overthrown by the natives, the Oirats couped Mongolia proper, the Chagatai Khanate fractured and eventually birthed the Timurids before that state too collapsed into squabbling tribes. The Golden Horde were crushed by the Russians.
Think what happened to Alexanders empire. Some of the Mongol dynasties still remained afterwards as the rulers of the lands they conquered. In Russia you had mongol dynasties that married into the Belozero and eventually the Mongol tax city of Moscow, due to Mongol support, became powerful enough on its own that it was able to overthrow the Mongols. In many ways its amazing, two of the world's most powerful cities (Moscow and Beijing) owe their existence basically to the Mongols
i remember during the early 2000s people didnt even know about chinggis khaan because they called him genghis khan, nowadays theres great material such as this channel to portray the entire empire, great documentary, well made!
I believe people were aware of the Mongolian way of saying his name and of the anglosised way. However, they were using the anglosised way as it was the general international language of the day. That was my impression of it at the time. I do not believe it is or was commonly known outside people with an interest in the subject in either time period.
Keep in mind that it is a scouting and foraging force that has to maintain contact with each other and the main party behind them. They also need to cover wide areas adjacent to where they travel to patrol for enemy scouts or people who might observe them and give a possition away.
@@benjamindover2601 I think he is talking about the word "decedent" vs "descendant". "Decedent" is a person who died. "Descendant" is the person who descends from a certain ancestor.
9:00 for anyone that thinks this was exceptional, this speed was equaled by the japanese invasion of Korea in Imjin War; 30 km per day. Only, by footsoldiers and in often mountainous terrain.
Why I love K&G more than other YT history channels is that they never fail to put ENGLISH CC (Not auto-generated) in every video. ( even for the ads part 🤣) . JK.. ❤️ From MANIPUR ,northeast India
No army ever fought several enemies over multiple theaters, thousands of miles apart on the globe at the same time, like the Mongols until Americans and British entered WWII
@@theawesomeman9821 I'd call it the blitzkrieg of the medieval times. I wonder if they could have conquered Europe if they send a huge invasion force. They did conquer China and burned almost all of Rus so they could have probably succeeded pretty good.
Brilliant documentary... and yet we succumb to our sedentary way of thinking in assessing these nomadic cultures by judging them thru our capabilities and needs. Genghis' marched his armies (on campaigns) on half rations because 'a dog doesn't hunt well with a bellyful'. We always disregard the toughness of mongols (nomadic warriors in general) as impossible and rely on calculations and estimations of their deeds by historians and theorists who barely get out of their chairs and the highlight of their physical exercise is to get to the local shop. Yam couriers covered 280 km a day. In order to surprise their enemies mongol army covered 150 km a day for 9 days with soldiers sleeping and eating (and doing their nature calls) in the saddle. Mongol horsemen didn't entirely rely on commanders to gear them up for war apart from arrows.
Yes I love videos about wars battles strategy and tactics, but these things won't happen without the logistics, thank you K&G for that and I hope we have it as a series with different caltures and armies
it's neat how nomadic lifestyle more or less trained them for all aspects of war, including logistics riding, shooting, wrestling, being frequently on the move, hunting
I had read somewhere that most of hulegu's troops were actually troops collected from sedentary dominions of mongol empire. In that case they would move as any other european army
I'm still waiting for the Mongol invasion to Java breakdown!! That would be interesting considering a lot of factors were at play like naval logistics and how mongol warriors fare in the tropical jungles of South East Asia.
You can read it on wikipedia. That was Raden Wijaya's cunning tactic by using Kublai Khan's army to defeat his own enemy and then betrayed the unarmed Mongol soldiers until they panicked and ran aboard the ship and returned to China. Such tactics were unknown in Mongol war doctrine. 😄
Weird but fun. Today is the Chinese New Year Day but what is launched out as this channel's newest video turned out to be one about the Mongol Empire. I'm not saying it's bad or anything. I just found this to be such an irony.
You know that today is also Mongolian New Year, called Tsagaan Sar(White month/moon). Also, I almost forget about Korean New Year called Seollul is also been celebrated today.
The video is excellent as usual.. I was just wandering why don’t you do something focusing on other steppe people, as Volga Bulgars, Cumans, Rouran, Magyars, or even the Alans
Only complain about kings&generals is that is not more of your videos. U guys are best and thank u so much for treasure of information I learned from each video. Respect
Maybe u can add another savage strategy using "Hashar" to move the whole Horde logistic, thus enabling them even to move entire fortress from one city to another. I mean real fortress, no joking. This tactic was so effective on their marching to attack, annex cities without harming their major forces, ie elite units. Everything was on the move constantly, and can be assembled when ever they needed without much problem. (Assembly armoury, catapults, heavy range units etc). The feat that was impossible without this "Hashar" unit. Maybe u guys can explain more in another episode. Try to read book, Rashid AdDin on the struggle of the Mongols with Timur Malik. There was lots of Mongol tactics discussed there.
Horses and riders need rest. So a rider would carry a letter, for example, to about a day's ride where a post would be set up. At that post, the rider would rest while another rider already at that post would carry on the journey with the letter to the next post. And so on and so forth. The letter would keep on going until it reached it's destination. This was the same with supplies. Fresh riders and fresh horses at every post.
Amateurs talk about strategy and tactics, professionals talk about logistics. Of all the logistical feats of the Mongols, the one I find most impressive (and about which all too little is known) is the Great Raid of 1220-3. Led by Subedai (other variant spellings are available) this saw a Mongol force pretty much doing a lap of the Caspian Sea and, despite spending three years in hostile territory, they were continually victorious and emerged pretty much intact. How did they manage this? I understand the Mongols' ability to travel light, and to live off their herds and/or what they could plunder from the unfortunate peasants in their path, but this cannot be the whole answer. How many arrows did the raiders expend in three years? It's difficult to envisage them setting out with a million or so loaded onto their spare horses, nor of them receiving new supplies when they were so far from Mongol territory. yet if they ever ran short of arrows, no source mentions this. Also - what did they do about their wounded? I can only assume that a brutally practical approach was the norm, but this again is a subject about which the sources are silent.
I can answer the last question about wounded, Traditional Medicine you must heard of it. Many heard of Chinese, but Mongolian was kind of field army hospital approach, due to nature of their body and health related issues. In Korea there is a historical record that Mongolian operated completely cut off arm of soldier and bring it to perfect partial recovery, when studied in Korean traditional medicine.
@@enkhbayardashjamts4923 Well yes, up to a point. But whatever type of medical care a wounded man receives, the most important part of the healing process is time to rest and let the body repair itself. If you're close to home, this isn't usually a problem. If, on the other hand, you're continually on the move, this can become a big problem. Now, I'm sure that Subedai's men didn't move every single day for three years, but there must have been occasions when they needed to move, and had wounded or sick who were unfit to travel. What did they do then?
@@lomax343 You maybe think that Mongolian Army marched in bulk, but actually most of time they spread over big territory, and some looted wagons of treasury and sick were in furthermost behind main line of offensive, it is best known that saving manpower was an utmost concentration of all field marshals of Mongolian Army.
@@enkhbayardashjamts4923 That's perfectly true. But still, keeping everything together for three years without a break - in hostile territory all the time - is a mind-boggling accomplishment.
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Please do a video on the Kremlin thank you
Me:Time to do some homework and get my room in tip top shape!
Kings and Generals: Want to learn how Postural Nomads effectively ran a army's supply lines that helped them forge a empire?
Me: *sighs* here I go clicking again.
Please do a video on the Boers
great documentary
I'd like to ask, when will the next video of early muslim conquests come out ?
In Mongol, we say,
if you kill an animal
use all parts except breath.
What does it imply?
@@SulejManization it just emphasizes the use of every part of its body
Хаха бүр яг шүү бид ч малын бүх юмыг ашигладаг ард түмэн л дээ.
@@SulejManization I think it’s the same as the saying waste not want not. Use everything waste nothing.
Thanks brothers, i got that part, yet why do they mention breath?? Is there any deeper meaning with that?
The Mongols didn't just know how to fight and intimidate their enemies. They also knew how to feed themselves and survive in some very tough environments. This video was great. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Hard to think any tougher environment than the Mongolian steppes in Eurasia. It can get scorching hot in the summer and freezing cold in the winter similiar to Siberia.
@@pinchevulpes yeah it's very salty and hard/dry. Turkic people also used those. You can approximate it if you salt cottage cheese, form it into small round compressed bits (a piece of cloth would be used to squeeze any water out) and then dried. They go great with beer :)
@@pinchevulpes I'm not sure it was the first nutrition bars, a lot of peoples have their recipes of travel food full of nutriments, such as pemmican ^^
@@Potatoman1578----Yeah that sounds like a tough environment to live in. Thanks for replying.
@@pinchevulpes---What a nice fun fact. Thanks for replying.
Ah.... Logistics... The Mongols sure did have a unique way of carrying out their logistics. Genghis Khan sure was a practical dude.
I agree
@@Cherry-sg4zg Hitler?
@@Cherry-sg4zg where did that come from and why?
Truly the guy must have a IQ of atleast 120
19 hours ago how
Nazi hackers?
Kublai Khan once stated:
"I have heard that one can conquer the empire on horseback, but one cannot govern it on horseback"
@Вхламинго google search says otherwise..seems like this is a quote from Kublai instead of genghis..
@@lyhthegreat "I have heard" implies that Kublai heard this quote from someone else. Probably from the Khitan scholar mentioned above.
@Bozkurt postuna bürünmüş yobaz AraB devesi seeing how short the huns lasted, the joke really is on them ngl
@Вхламинго hence the "i have heard" cause it was Genghis who told his grandson.
@@storm0fnova he told it to his son ogodei. kublai was around 10 when chingis khan died.
I only started watching but I know 2 things about their logistic:
1. Their horses eat grass
2. They created the burger
B O R G A R
@@Dimblenick Cat borgar?
Steak Tartar.
I thought burgers were a modern invention
@@Wi-Fi-El I thought they were German
I never really thought about this before, but their supply chains must have been pretty complicated. The Romans had the brilliant idea of laying paved roads, but I've never heard of Mongolian logistics before. Sure to be an interesting video!
@Вхламинго i’m sure you’re as aware of the logistics of the many native american tribes, as I am of the Mongolians’. Don’t shame people for seeking knowledge
@Вхламинго it's not lack of education, rather Eurocentric education. If anything happened to the east of Poland it did not happen.
@Вхламинго aw how cute we got somebody jealous of the United States.
@Вхламинго Thats not a fair assessment. I can guarantee that you didn't learn a lot of world history in minute detail from school. You have to go out and either studying certain periods of history or be a history buff like most of us here are to learn this stuff. I don't live in the US but I too wasn't aware of a lot of the details presented in this video.
At the end of the day, you don't know what you don't know and you should never shame someone for a lack of knowledge
Exactly, they were their own supply train. This is what allowed the mongols to campaign thousands of kilometres away from their homeland years on end and is what made nomadic armies stand out among its contemporaries. Something like this has never since been replicated in any future militaries.
Random horse: dies
Mongols: Looks like meat's back on the menu boys!
But not in modern days.
The French eat horse meat
@@user-lc5nd6ed3h it’s the most Healthy meat for you. Leanest of them all. We all should be eating ot
@@WTFisDrifting A Mongolian here! And horse meat is awesome. The fat does not chill, is a lot tender than Mongolian beef *and* it's not gamey like mutton. Sure it has a weird smell but nothing some aromatics can't fix. Plus it's dirt cheap.
@@NyangisKhan How is life in Mingolia now? I heard its pretty poor and most people still live in Yurts? What is your experience?
As a mongolian I aprove this video. This channel is accurate entertaining and legit source of knowledge.
Thanks for sacking Baghdad.
@@Yrkr785 mamluks did that i think. Armenians were depended on Mongol Il khanate for their state survival.
@@VoidOfDarkness9 so their culture of depending to others for their survival is a long time traditions, eh?
During Cengiz's Rule time, The "Turco-Mongol Empire" excisted out more than 60% Turkic tribes , just saying
btw Cengiz was of Turkic origin according to Chinese sources who wrote the "Early Turkic History"
@@Tengri_COD have you ever heard of secret history of mongolia? In that it's crystal clear that temujin was mongol person
It took another 600 years before invasions reached the same level of complexity demonstrated by Subutai's invasion of Europe. Ironically, Operation Barbarosa faltered and failed partially due to logistics
I want to thank you all at Kings and Generals for supplying us viewers with free documentaries of absolutely stunning quality. To be honest the quality of your videos are in many ways even better than those on TV. This is one of the few channels I watch every single video from, each at least as good as the previous!
Wish the History Channel would take note on how to tell history from this channel
@@dharmdevil So true.
This channel really is amazing. If I had the money I'd be dropping a good chunk on them.
One of the main reasons why it was rare for Mongol warriors to be heavily armored was simple.
Their smaller horses had a much harder time the heavier weight armored troops placed upon them.
It was not rare tho. They had lancer heavy cavalry around 4 units out of 10. The remaining are archers. So it's still almost close to half.
I mean the mongols had heavy Mongolian Calvary but they are only used when as the finishing blow
In Russia the term Yamshik (ямщик) was used as a synonim for postman even unthil the first half of the 19th centuy.
Interesting!
Yeah the steppe nomads influenced Russians at a surprising level it seems. Here's a thing that bugs me, the word for father, Отец seems acutely similar to Turkic word Ata for father. Coincedence?
@@subutaynoyan5372 I think it's a coincidence. All slavic languages have a similar word for father and for poles or croatians it can't be explained by steppe influence.
@@user-ku7xb3fi2w Well, Avars and Huns were Turkic clans too. They were around the area around 1600 years ago even.
There's no indo european language that I know of, that has such a word for ''Father''.
@@subutaynoyan5372 greek ἄττα, latin аttа, gothic atta, albanian аt, irish aite (not exactly father, but "custodian"), hittites аttаš.
Your theory is nice, but this word is older then you think. It seems to be from children`s speech, same as "ma" for mother in very unconnected landuages. Something similar works for "pa" and "ba" roots, also often used for parent figures.
"Amateurs talk about tactics, professionals study logistics" - Gen. Robert H. Barrow, USMC
Yes because ammo, supplies and reinforcements getting to it's destination are all dependent on how good your logistics is. Could make the difference between victory and defeat in battles.
@@moscuadelendaest yes General hospital
@@hmoobmeeka Because great soldiers won't do you much good if you can't supply them consistently.
Now, what if you have crap soldiers then? Well, you seem to forget that humans can improve as time goes on, and a crap soldier won't be as bad if he keeps at it for some time.
As such, logistics could be a big help by allowing soldiers to stay on the field and test their skills, as well as ensure they'll be fed and watered enough to stay satisfied and continue to fight and improve.
As a plus, if you have good logistics you can always draw more bodies from your lands to throw at the enemy :P
nerd
@@kwamedamuah1838 illiterate
Aaruul mixed with jerky, rolled into small balls. That was the secret. Oh also horse fat doesn't freeze. Very unique meat. You can eat it during winter while it's cold no need to warm it. But it has after taste. Other than that superb food
What is aarul?
I belong to the Pashi tribe of Hazara, according to our oral tradition we are one of the few Hazara tribes which descended from Genghis Khan's Mongol warriors garrisoned in Afghanistan :))) 13:09
Many Central Asian tribes came to iran, Afghanistan, India before and after Genghis invasion. Many went to Europe too
i 'm from Mongolia, we name you as Hazara Mongols even now. Descendants of Hulegu Khan Hope we all unite one day,
@@khashgerelgandush7873 how will you unite 🤔
@@ShubhamMishrabro Reconquest CB
@@hkl1459 CB?
Genghis: we are going to go conquering!
Lieutenant: but sir, will we invade to the north, the east, the south, or the west?
Genghis: all directions at the same time should work
Yeah, we fought on 5 fronts at the same time.
@@user-lc5nd6ed3h you didn’t fight.
@@Hiroakiarai88 lol
lol i wonder if they had that moment
Last time I was this early Carthage was still salt free.
gg wp You won this comments round -.-
Hahaha very amusing indeed
Totaly true
What do you mean ?
CARTHAGO DELENDA EST !!!
May the Tengri bless you My Mighty Channel!
How did you comment so early?
Hi where are you bro? I'm from Mongolia. 🇲🇳🇲🇳
**throat singing intensifies**
@Shy Cracker yes man. Even in Mongolia!
@@Davaa39 aka Thor
They didn’t teach this in the academy...
Only if they did, you would not have lost to damn russian winter.
You army laughed at Tatars for having to get close and missing half of their targets. They didn't laugh much when many lightly wounded soldiers died from poison or when they entered Paris.
@abis8 alpha8 300-500 is max range, and utterly useless number for military effective shooting. IRL, most archers fired at around 100m distance, regardless of bow type. As to the comparison, bow do a lot less damage than muskets, and muskets as early as the late 16th century often utterly destroyed horse archers when directly engaged, simply because of troop positioning, area of attack, and fire focus. Ottoman archers most often dismounted when engaging musketmen, because foot archers actually fared better, for the above mentioned reasons. Even the foot archers would lose of course, which is why the Jannisaries replaced their elite bows with muskets as soon as they could, but more effective than mounted archery regardless.
@abis8 alpha8 I am not speaking of max effective range of arrow shot lol, I am speaking of effective range of archery on the battlefield. Firing arrows at 500 yards is utterly useless, in fact, the very point horse archers made throughout history is to come as close as possible to the enemy and fire their bows, because long ranged volleys seemed ineffective. Hell, Saladins Turks actually even dismounted after closing in at Arsuf because they wanted a more effective shot. Max range is utterly useless for military data. Hell, max range of a musket is likely 1000+ yards, as that is how far the bullet can go with hurting you, yet they fired around 100 yards, for the same reason as above.
Damn, really did Napoleon like that 😂😂
His Corp was both a tactical and logistical masterpiece thought
Amateurs talk about tactics, but professionals study logistics."
- Gen. Robert H. Barrow, USMC (Commandant of the Marine Corps) noted in 1980
An Army Marches on its Stomach.
- Napoleon, or Fredrick the Great, Apocryphal
And people with brains study both, along with politics, cultural bias, topography, history, military psychology, geography, sociology, etc.
Very interesting quote
@@Cailus3542 All people have brains, it's a prerequisite for living. It's hilarious how you're arguing with a quote and think you're intelligent. There are plenty of intelligent people who have never studied any of those subjects. Oh, and topography is a subset within the field of geography.
@@NLTops Im no general but history, military psychology (or just psychology lol), and geography seems to play the role.
Having been in the military this is very true and has always fascinated me . I read the it takes 3 times the number of support to supply the fighting force . Just the whole dynamics of figuring out the plan to supply the force for the objective , what the people went though and sustaining or not being able to for a sustained conflict ....... its amazing !
The Mongols are a warrior race I always get fascinated. Very hardy people and unique.... they way they fight and the way they managed to sustain for the long campaign. This video has been researched well and made even more fantastically.
Probably the most Warrior Race that ever existed on the earth!
Normally you hear of nations conquering small regions or cities "the conquest of milan" or "the conquest of constantinople" but no the mongols have "the conquest of western eurasia"
Logistics might not be as sexy as battles, but it has always been of great interest to me. For every Allia, there was some guy with a cart of cabbages.
Someone said, “Amateur military buffs talk about armors, weapons, and sometimes tactics. Professional military officers talk about logistics.”
an army marches on its stomach is something every competent general should always remember.
@@ZhangK71 true
And a hard working draught animal would have had more animals carrying its food.
No bullets, no battles. Logistic troops are just as important as fighting troops, irrespective of how much they might be derided by combat troops as REMFs or POGs
Where is the obligatory "throat singing intensifies" comment ?
I just read it
Congratulations, you're the obligatory "throat singing intensifies" comment.
Happy Lunar Year! Mongolia is celebrating right now.
Yes
I have watched many hundreds of ancient history documentary episodes, but this may be the most informative and clearly presented of all of them. Many many thanks.
Wow! The Mongols were far more sophisticated (civilized?) than I knew! It was not just brute strength and violence, it was also exquisite organization on a vast scale!
Hey Crash Course History, we’ve finally found an instance where the Mongols WEREN’T the exception!!!
Great stuff, K&G. Didn’t realize I wanted this video until I got giddy when I saw it posted. Keep ‘em coming.
Cool! Every video about turkic mongol nomads are brilliant!
Mongolians need three things to conquer:
Genghis Khan
Genghis Kgan
Genghis Khan
This is a good list but it's missing something
GENGHIS KHAN
You forgot to mention, Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan needed three things to conquer:
Subedai.
Jebe.
Muqali.
Genghis Khan was a political visionary of genius - but he wouldn't have achieved so much had he not been blessed with some remarkable battlefield generals. Subedai in particular deserves to be ranked with Hannibal and Alexander.
What about Genghis khan??
another things again : KILLED ENVOY
really liking the new animation K&G :) Im really happy how far this channel has come
Subutai Russian campaign is the best one for me. In cold Russian winter they passed easily frozen rivers and lakes on horseback, putting sheep oil over riders skin to protect from cold weather and sustaining only by mare milk and blood they attacked the unexpected Slavic villages when they are staying in houses warming by the fire. They must be thinking that Mongols are actually demons not humans to be attack in such conditions Lol:)
Our winter is even colder than russia
Oh we doing this? Yeah we’re doing this *throat singing intensifies*
As a Mongolian I cand say this is Great researched content.
Nobody:
Everyone: Genghis Khan is My grandfather
@@rj5848 *COMMMMMIIIIIIIEEEEEE*
Maybe Stalin's grandfather is Чингис хаан.
* Our
@@user-lc5nd6ed3h Maby
@@onestar8796 Yes Comrade
I would like you to mention the Mongolian-Uighur relationship as well. In the Mongol Empire, bureaucrats were chosen from the Uighurs. They are the steppe people with a well-established writing culture. When the Mongols met the Uighurs, they took advantage of this culture. Uighurs were involved in writing and archiving documents and reports, military mapping, writing orders, and managing the budget and taxes. They made important contributions to the foundation of the Mongol Empire. Later, as the Mongols settled in China and Iran, the indigenous people here began to enter the brocracy
What a wonderful video. As a history buff, I truly love this content
Fantastic, wonderful! Thank you for doing a logistics video.
Please think about doing an entire series concerning the field logistics, manufacturing technology and general available resources of historical armies throughout all periods. Some valuable knowledge is gained by seeing HOW something begins, rather than it's ending. Again, thank you for the great channel!
Its a golden rule to like a kings and generals video befor watching , why ? because mongols never killed envoy of their enemy , and its a kings and generals video which entertain you in a way in times of corona nothing else will .
Unlike Vladimir Dracula, who did kill them in a fun way.
*laughs*
@@AlexFlodder why are u laughing
Mongolian empire, truly one of the greatsest
always learn new things. what great work! thank you
Strategy wins battles, logistics wins the wars.
Tactics wins battles. Strategy wins campaigns. Logistics wins wars.
@Dr Evil silly me, i forgot a navy doenst need supplies, ammunitions, reserve personel or repairs.
@Dr Evil And just how awesome are marines if they aren't supplied with food and ammunition?
@Dr Evil Are you suggesting marines use other marines for food? Lol
Dear K&G, you guys do not cover Indian and Southeast Asian history as much as European or Mongolian history. This makes your indian subscribers like me very disappointed.
I suggest you to make a documentary on ancient Indian scientific studies or how Hinduism and Buddhism spread to east and southeast Asia. I'm sure you guys would make a million view-worthy video. Please consider the suggestion.
BTW you guys do very fine job from animation to narration. Keep it up and may the gods bless you all.
Agreed, even mongol invasion in Java hasn't been mentioned :(
Im aware that once the Great Khan died and his sons took over the Mongolian Empire fractured but im honestly still confused how they ultimately became what it is now. I hope there will be further clarification on that in the future.
Ilkhanate and Yuan Dynasty were overthrown by the natives, the Oirats couped Mongolia proper, the Chagatai Khanate fractured and eventually birthed the Timurids before that state too collapsed into squabbling tribes. The Golden Horde were crushed by the Russians.
It always happened most of time see nadir Shah and Ahmed Durrani even taimur empire
Think what happened to Alexanders empire. Some of the Mongol dynasties still remained afterwards as the rulers of the lands they conquered. In Russia you had mongol dynasties that married into the Belozero and eventually the Mongol tax city of Moscow, due to Mongol support, became powerful enough on its own that it was able to overthrow the Mongols.
In many ways its amazing, two of the world's most powerful cities (Moscow and Beijing) owe their existence basically to the Mongols
@@luxborealis the golden horse didn't got crushed by the russians, it was crushed by timur
*"Army marches on its stomach"* Napoleon after his army suffered more from starvation than actual combat.
i remember during the early 2000s people didnt even know about chinggis khaan because they called him genghis khan, nowadays theres great material such as this channel to portray the entire empire, great documentary, well made!
I believe people were aware of the Mongolian way of saying his name and of the anglosised way. However, they were using the anglosised way as it was the general international language of the day. That was my impression of it at the time. I do not believe it is or was commonly known outside people with an interest in the subject in either time period.
9:10 you can actually do 27 km per day on foot, keep in mind they were carrying light equipment as well...not very fast after all
Keep in mind that it is a scouting and foraging force that has to maintain contact with each other and the main party behind them. They also need to cover wide areas adjacent to where they travel to patrol for enemy scouts or people who might observe them and give a possition away.
Omg I wished for this topic a few videos ago and you guys actually did it! Thank you so much KaG!!
Meat, milk and beer. I must be a decedent of a Mongol.
And cheese!
Except they could probably spell better than you.
@@liammurphy2725 I literally didn't spell a single word incorrectly.
@@benjamindover2601 I think he is talking about the word "decedent" vs "descendant". "Decedent" is a person who died. "Descendant" is the person who descends from a certain ancestor.
9:00 for anyone that thinks this was exceptional, this speed was equaled by the japanese invasion of Korea in Imjin War; 30 km per day. Only, by footsoldiers and in often mountainous terrain.
Brilliant, only out for less than 24 hours 1.3k well deserved thumbs up!
Thats why I studied Logistics and work in Logistics with the military because it is the one profession/job that will never disappear !
Why I love K&G more than other YT history channels is that they never fail to put ENGLISH CC (Not auto-generated) in every video.
( even for the ads part 🤣) . JK..
❤️ From MANIPUR ,northeast India
They put captions of many languages.
@@knowledgedesk1653 Well, I dont know other language except English and my own tongue .
So , not relevent to me.
These videos are awesome ,my favourite series from you so far . I really love the Mongol series you make
Big fan for years, keep em coming.
curiously, postal system in Russia before 1917 were also yam
leftover from the Mongol yoke no doubt
Walking food is a great advantage for an army that travels great distances.
I don't always carry food, but when I do, it carries me.
No army ever fought several enemies over multiple theaters, thousands of miles apart on the globe at the same time, like the Mongols until Americans and British entered WWII
Amazing how they fought against Japanese, Europeans, Egyptians, Vietnamese and Indonesians at the same time while governing China and Persia.
@@cem4376 I know, the Mongols were ahead of their own time
@@theawesomeman9821 I'd call it the blitzkrieg of the medieval times. I wonder if they could have conquered Europe if they send a huge invasion force. They did conquer China and burned almost all of Rus so they could have probably succeeded pretty good.
@@cem4376 they stopped trying to expand into Europe cause the continent was poor in profitable resources
I owe you so much your videos help me so much in studies
Brilliant documentary... and yet we succumb to our sedentary way of thinking in assessing these nomadic cultures by judging them thru our capabilities and needs. Genghis' marched his armies (on campaigns) on half rations because 'a dog doesn't hunt well with a bellyful'. We always disregard the toughness of mongols (nomadic warriors in general) as impossible and rely on calculations and estimations of their deeds by historians and theorists who barely get out of their chairs and the highlight of their physical exercise is to get to the local shop. Yam couriers covered 280 km a day. In order to surprise their enemies mongol army covered 150 km a day for 9 days with soldiers sleeping and eating (and doing their nature calls) in the saddle. Mongol horsemen didn't entirely rely on commanders to gear them up for war apart from arrows.
Probably the single most important question to ask to understand the entire concept of field armies before the industrial age.
Yes I love videos about wars battles strategy and tactics, but these things won't happen without the logistics, thank you K&G for that and I hope we have it as a series with different caltures and armies
Fascinating, Im enjoying every episode
Love your videos from the Mongol Series!
it's neat how nomadic lifestyle more or less trained them for all aspects of war, including logistics
riding, shooting, wrestling, being frequently on the move, hunting
Well considering where they live, its a must do to survive back then i guess, the steppe land is not rich after all
LOL got an ad for a supply chain management course. Brilliant
I wished so much information to be avaibable on the Bulgars who were also nomadic or semi nomadic people
I had read somewhere that most of hulegu's troops were actually troops collected from sedentary dominions of mongol empire. In that case they would move as any other european army
true he startes with 1 tumen troop after touring iran he got 5-6 tumen troops.
Yes at least 1k han chinese engineers. This campaign lured christians and they watched this in great enthusiasm like it was a crusader against saladin
Every expeditionary force needs great logistics.
Another useful resource from the horses & other animals, was the animal dung fuel. The stepps area has limited fuel resources.
Enjoyed learning more about G.Khan’s army.
Mongol logistics kinda reminds me of an Aircraft Carrier form some reason
I think that makes sense :)
You'd have a large, slow-moving base that smaller, faster units depart from and then return to.
Nubians and Mongols this week? You're spoiling us.
It's Archery month. Who do you think will be next?
@@GeorgeEstregan828 Genoese merceneries? Scythians? Seldjuks?
@@aleksapetrovic6519 yeah turks state sychtians and seljuk
@@genghiskhan3914 my money is on Samurai since they are very underrated archers.
PS: I don't have money
I'm still waiting for the Mongol invasion to Java breakdown!!
That would be interesting considering a lot of factors were at play like naval logistics and how mongol warriors fare in the tropical jungles of South East Asia.
Oh that's very interesting topic. But we lost in battle.
The Mongols left the battle because it was too hot and too poor to invade.😂😂😂
@@belleblanch5374 i'm not sure with poor because java was the biggest rice producer of SEA back then, yet i agree it was not worth the trouble 😂
You can read it on wikipedia. That was Raden Wijaya's cunning tactic by using Kublai Khan's army to defeat his own enemy and then betrayed the unarmed Mongol soldiers until they panicked and ran aboard the ship and returned to China. Such tactics were unknown in Mongol war doctrine. 😄
@@fatih1186 At that time Kublai Khan wanted to make the kingdoms in Java, Vietnam, Burma in Southeast Asia as vassal states and paid tribute.
Me reading title: Always interesting.
Me seeing thumbnail preview clip: I didn't know Mongols rode rhinos into battle.
“An Army marchs on it’s stomach “
Napoleon
Weird but fun. Today is the Chinese New Year Day but what is launched out as this channel's newest video turned out to be one about the Mongol Empire. I'm not saying it's bad or anything. I just found this to be such an irony.
Its Lunar new year not chinese new year! Writing like this by you means Moon is Chinese
You know that today is also Mongolian New Year, called Tsagaan Sar(White month/moon). Also, I almost forget about Korean New Year called Seollul is also been celebrated today.
The Nirun Mongols included the following tribes: Adarkin, Artakan, Arulat, Baarin, Barlas, Borjigin, Bugunut, Budaat, Belgunut, Besut, Geniges, Jadaran, Joureid, Dzhurkin, Duglat, Durben, Kilingut (incl. Kilingut-Tarkhan) , Kingiyat, Kiyat, Kunjin, Mangut, Nir-khoyin, Noyokhon, Oronar, Saljiut, Sijiut, Sukan, Sukanut, Sunit, Tayzhiut, Ujiet, Urut, Khabturkhas, Khatagin, Khonkhotan, Chanshiut, Chonos, Yasar, etc. Darlekin group Mongols consisted of such tribes as Arulat[19], Bayat, Bugunut[20], Belgunut[20], Gorlos, Jalair, Ikires, Ildurkin, Kilingut[19] (including Kilingut-Tarkhan[19]), Kingit (Geniges)[ 19], kunjin[19], kunkliut, nokhos, olkhonut, suldus, uryankhai, uryaut (oronar)[19], ushin, haranut, khongirat, khonkhotan[19], eljigin, etc.
The empire of Genghis Khan included not only the indigenous Mongols, but also all the other Mongol-speaking tribes of the region: Bargut, Bekrin, Bulagachin, Dzhungurkin, Karakitai, Kereit, Kurlaut, Kem-Kemdzhiut, Kushtemi, Keremuchin, Merkit, Naiman, Oirat, Ongut, Sakait, Tangut, Tatars, Telengut, Tulas, Uymakut, Urasut, Khoyin-Irgen, Khoyin-Urianka, Khori-Tumat (Khori and Tumat), etc.
The video is excellent as usual..
I was just wandering why don’t you do something focusing on other steppe people, as Volga Bulgars, Cumans, Rouran, Magyars, or even the Alans
Because their history is boring
That would be awesome. That region has great history
Only complain about kings&generals is that is not more of your videos. U guys are best and thank u so much for treasure of information I learned from each video.
Respect
Maybe u can add another savage strategy using "Hashar" to move the whole Horde logistic, thus enabling them even to move entire fortress from one city to another. I mean real fortress, no joking.
This tactic was so effective on their marching to attack, annex cities without harming their major forces, ie elite units. Everything was on the move constantly, and can be assembled when ever they needed without much problem. (Assembly armoury, catapults, heavy range units etc). The feat that was impossible without this "Hashar" unit.
Maybe u guys can explain more in another episode.
Try to read book, Rashid AdDin on the struggle of the Mongols with Timur Malik. There was lots of Mongol tactics discussed there.
Gotta love the background music. Epic.
I keep hearing the resident evil menu sound in the background
Excellent video
Mongols ‘ a gift 🎁 that keeps on giving’.
When can you guys do a doc on the battle of Blenheim and the campaigns of The Duke of Marlborough?
Very glad to see more videos being upload in such a short time👍
Another great script by Jack. Nice work!
Great videos . Keep up the great work guys. Also delighted the podcasts are back. 👍
more mongol videos
Incredible video and incredible Mongols. 😁👍
I always thought the mongols had their family with them on campaing, but i guess I was wrong on that. Thanks for teaching me something new.
Just about shagan sar was beginning this great video was born
Horses and riders need rest. So a rider would carry a letter, for example, to about a day's ride where a post would be set up. At that post, the rider would rest while another rider already at that post would carry on the journey with the letter to the next post. And so on and so forth. The letter would keep on going until it reached it's destination. This was the same with supplies. Fresh riders and fresh horses at every post.
Bro please upload the rise of mughal empire of akbar
@@scourgeofgodattila3827 illa da bi yere turklugu sokmaya calision d mi?
Logistics! Not the word you'd normally associate with the Mongols!
I love these mini history lessons , keep them coming 😉🥃
These logistics videos really ate my favorite. Roman, mongol, Macedonian - it dosnt matter.
Amateurs talk about strategy and tactics, professionals talk about logistics.
Of all the logistical feats of the Mongols, the one I find most impressive (and about which all too little is known) is the Great Raid of 1220-3. Led by Subedai (other variant spellings are available) this saw a Mongol force pretty much doing a lap of the Caspian Sea and, despite spending three years in hostile territory, they were continually victorious and emerged pretty much intact.
How did they manage this? I understand the Mongols' ability to travel light, and to live off their herds and/or what they could plunder from the unfortunate peasants in their path, but this cannot be the whole answer. How many arrows did the raiders expend in three years? It's difficult to envisage them setting out with a million or so loaded onto their spare horses, nor of them receiving new supplies when they were so far from Mongol territory. yet if they ever ran short of arrows, no source mentions this.
Also - what did they do about their wounded? I can only assume that a brutally practical approach was the norm, but this again is a subject about which the sources are silent.
I can answer the last question about wounded, Traditional Medicine you must heard of it. Many heard of Chinese, but Mongolian was kind of field army hospital approach, due to nature of their body and health related issues. In Korea there is a historical record that Mongolian operated completely cut off arm of soldier and bring it to perfect partial recovery, when studied in Korean traditional medicine.
@@enkhbayardashjamts4923 Well yes, up to a point. But whatever type of medical care a wounded man receives, the most important part of the healing process is time to rest and let the body repair itself. If you're close to home, this isn't usually a problem. If, on the other hand, you're continually on the move, this can become a big problem. Now, I'm sure that Subedai's men didn't move every single day for three years, but there must have been occasions when they needed to move, and had wounded or sick who were unfit to travel. What did they do then?
@@lomax343 You maybe think that Mongolian Army marched in bulk, but actually most of time they spread over big territory, and some looted wagons of treasury and sick were in furthermost behind main line of offensive, it is best known that saving manpower was an utmost concentration of all field marshals of Mongolian Army.
@@enkhbayardashjamts4923 That's perfectly true. But still, keeping everything together for three years without a break - in hostile territory all the time - is a mind-boggling accomplishment.