This Is How Your Body Turns Food Into Energy
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- Опубликовано: 12 сен 2024
- Your body needs energy to do, well, everything. But where does that energy come from? In this episode, Patrick dives into how exactly mitochondria power the cell, how ATP works, and, alas, the Krebs cycle. Buckle up!
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While we need energy to help us move our bodies and do everyday work, our cells also need energy to move their little bodies, manufacture new proteins, and make chemical reactions happen.
Our bodies have a few ways of turning reactants into products-namely extracting energy-rich molecules from the food we eat and turning it into energy.
Enter: a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. While, like you might have guessed, adenosine triphosphate has three phosphates, it’s actually the bonds between them that we’re more interested in.
And that is because the chemical bonds that hold those phosphates together hold a lot of energy. When one of those phosphates is broken off, that ATP becomes ADP, or adenosine diphosphate plus one loner phosphate.
That transformation of ATP to ADP results in usable energy that our cells can use to power our biological processes.
So that begs the question - where does ATP come from and how exactly do we turn our food into usable energy? Find out more in this Human.
#energy #krebscycle #humanbody #health #physiology #seeker #science #humanseries
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Read More:
How Cells Obtain Energy from Food
www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Cells require a constant supply of energy to generate and maintain the biological order that keeps them alive. This energy is derived from the chemical bond energy in food molecules, which thereby serve as fuel for cells.”
Mitochondria & ATP
hyperphysics.ph...
“The energy currency for the work that animals must do is the energy-rich molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ATP is produced in the mitochondria using energy stored in food.”
The Citric Acid Cycle
www.ncbi.nlm.n...
“We now begin an exploration of the aerobic processing of glucose, which is the source of most of the ATP generated in metabolism. The aerobic processing of glucose starts with the complete oxidation of glucose derivatives to carbon dioxide.”
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This Seeker health miniseries will dive deep into the cellular structures, human systems, and overall anatomy that work together to keep our bodies going. Using the visual structure and quick pacing of Seeker’s Sick series, these human bio-focused episodes will give a new audience an inside look on what’s happening inside all of us.
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Hi Seekers, thanks for watching! For more Human, check out our playlist here: bit.ly/HUMANplaylist
Viruses are the only known organisms that don't need food and hence mitochondria and ATP
*Heyyy*
I just uploaded my physique transformation after 2 years of training! Please check it out! 💙🧠💪🏽💙
this guy is not very watchable
@@tauceti8060 p]]]
I'm a biomedical researcher just working with a mitochondrial protein called IDH and I think that the complexity of metabolism is amazing! IDH is normally involved in the Krebs cycle but its product can also influence many other metabolic pathways. Specific mutations in IDH are also frequently found in different cancer types. The reason is that mutated IDH can lead to the production of a new, harmful molecule which messes up a lot of proteins and represses genes which would normally protect against cancer (I would love to make a video about that mechanism one day). After so many years of research, mitochondria still show fascinating new sites!
Life Lab Learner I‘m a med student and that is really interesting! Thank you for sharing 👍
What country are you from?
Please do make a video- would like to know more!
That's cool what you do for living.
@@Dk-gn7up believe they are a biomechanical researcher
🤓🤓
Watching these is like getting my biology and chemistry degree all over again. Except way back in the 70's we really didn't know as much. Yes, we knew about the Krebs Cycle and metabolism but it's hard to believe that just 40 years ago we didn't even know about something as basic as a "Golgi Body". We were told it's a body that is found stringed along the endoplasmic reticulum and first seen by Golgi, hence the name. That was ALL WE KNEW! Now there are entire books written about the protean synthesis metabolism that takes place in Golgi Bodies. And I love that I never have to stop learning.
I love when you guys explain these processes in depth. I think a lot of people would benefit from a sketch which shows the splitting, recombining and introduction of molecules saw can form a better pictures of what's going on with the molecules to better "see" the bigger picture.
Me watching this video trying too figure out how to turn energy into a Kamehameha !
Just scream hard bro
3 minutes in and I'm lost. My old man brain isn't fit for this level of detail :-)
😊i rewatched video to see if i could memorize some of the steps of these details of how it all works and i still don't remember 🤣🙉 i love just how complex and amazing the human being is 👏
Fortunately you and I can watch this video more than once. Practice is how you get better at something and repetition is how you remember it. :)
Go watch the crash courses on biochemistry and organic chemistry lol
4:18 the real kerbs cycle 😂 you learn and forgot and you learn and forgot ..... Goes on
😂👍🏻
"Wait! Don't click away yet!"
instant shame as I'm already browsing other videos
lmao. why do i also feel guilty.
3:50 enzymes increase the net energy by reducing the activation energy needed to start the necessary chemical reactions (endergonic reactions are reactions that that require energy to happen)
Wow the explaining is top! Honestly, an excellent teacher, detailing enough to understand the matter, but not overwhelmingly much, repeating things already said numerous times to help memorise and understand the topic, patience, calm in voice and the impression of joy in teaching, couldn't ask for a better teaching method to me.
me eating spaghetti: ah yes *hydrated carbon*
Ah yes, carbonated water.
Wait...
Ah yes *food*
Me 2
Spaghetti 🍝 Takes all the energy outta me & turn all my air into disparity 😂
@@cassandrarobinson8283 was that a fart joke?
I love this detailed video. Keep making more like this. "Simpler" vids are only dumbing us down.
2:06 anyone else being reminded of chubby emu by the explanation of the word ?
"chubby" meaning overwieght but not quite fat and "emu" meaning a species of large land-dwelling bird.
@@unclekanethetiberiummain1994 a man commented on youtube. this is what happened to his brain!
@@unclekanethetiberiummain1994 i disagree.. chubby imho means not skinny and not fat but on the fatter side, but not overweight or unhealthy.
When I was in college, I asked one of my biology professors what ATP tasted like, and what would happen if you ate some. He was flabbergasted by the questions, going from "Well of course, you'd need a lot of it before you could even taste it" to "I don't actually know" to "Huh. Because items ingested do go through a chemical change in the gut due to stomach acids and such" to "I really don't know. I'm gonna hafta get back to you on that one."
While I never did get any answers to those questions from him, I did learn that I could still surprise an educator.
Do any of you out there have an answer to my questions? @Life Lab Learner, I'm looking at you...
I asked my ap chem teacher the same question back in high school
He was probably just shocked because 1g of ATP is about 50$
@@Minus124Celsius: This happened over a decade ago. Do you have the price of a gram of ATP from back then?
Love seeker right!? ❤️
Great work guys! Loved the explanation and the animation. Keep educating!
Perfect background music. Upbeat to keep you awake😂. And not too loud so we can hear you well👍
Any chance of an explaination of how ketones gets made and used in the body when you don't eat carbs?
I think that in a healthy body the only time when we do make ketones is when we dont have carbs. (or we already have used them). And thats why its so bad to mix fats with carbs - coz we use the carbs and store the fats. And why ketosis have such a bad rep - coz if you have high ketones and high glucose at the same time - you are fucked.
@@alexforce9 I don't agree that Ketosis have a bad rep, it is something a lot of people are actively trying to reach (including people that have "cured" diabetes type II).
I feel a lot better during Ketosis than I do otherwise. There is basically no reason to eat carbs at all, the body will produce enough glucouse from other sources and keep most of the body running on ketones instead of glucouse. If you don't eat carbs, you keep your glucouse levels low, so that problem with high glucouse and ketones won't occur.
@@Golgafrincham Ketone are made from lipid break down in times where cells don't have access to glucose and result in a whole bunch of free fatty acids which start to cross react and form a molecule called Fatty AcylCarnite which breaks down into 3 types of Ketone bodies. These being Acetone (a carcinogen), Beta Hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid.
This is bad when it goes on for a long time like in type 1 diabetes melitus which causes a state known as a "Hyperosmolar Ketoacidotic State" which causes blood to become acidic. This has a horrid effect on your kidneys as their tubules can't function normally by absorbing and secreting waste/electrolytes. It also affects blood vessels and your breathing becomes super heavy and deep
@@jasonvanr1971 There is no doubt Ketoacidosis is bad, but it is very rare and unlikely if you don't have Diabetes type I. I am aware that there are a very limited amount of studies of the long term effects of Ketosis, but as far as I know there are no studies that can say it is bad for you. I have myself been ketogenic state for a prolonged time and know many more people who have been for several years without any problems.
@@jasonvanr1971 lol did you copy this? I'm not sure if you know that your body can run on ketones and you dont need to consume any carbs at all , its a much better fuel source
ATP is indirectly needed for protein synthesis too as it enable amino acids to bind to TRNA using an enzyme which then go to the ribosome to make proteins.
8:30 So that's why loosing weight is so damn hard. Yo really have to consume a heck of a lot more energy than what we usually do even when exercising.
Cut out carbs. Lose weight healthily and fast. That's the conclusion I've come to in the past year. Went from 250 to 160, and mentally I've never felt better!
First you body doesn't really want much fat cause it has to use more energy for it's maintenance . Second make sure you are well hydrated before you start exercising . I dont wanna make it long explanation if you want me to explain I'll do it
@@dXon_cic false. The body in absence of carbs uses fat for energy, and is actually much more efficient at converting fat to energy than carbs
@@mausegetlit363 don't cut carbs completely, reduce greatly but keep in mind that is still a vital nutrient you need some of. reduce refined sugar as much as possible and cut down as much as possible on fatty foods, cut and boil the fat out of meats, drain grease, avoid junk, etc.
@@cageybee7221 absolutely don't cut out the fat in meat, especially from ruminate animals that eat grass, like cows. It's a widely believed misconception that the body "needs" carbs, this is just completely false. The body makes it's own carbs from protein in a process called gluco-neo-genesis, or new sugar making. The human body has no need to take in sugars or carbs, thats a myth based on the profits of the food industry. The human digestive system is Taylor made to eat the fat and protein of animals that can actually process the nutrients (and anti-nutrients) in plant food, something our bodies are not very good at.
So much respect for the brilliant scientists over the dozens of decades who figured all of this out without even being able to see any of it.
Awesome series love it.
When you talk about a fat molecule holding 2.5x the amount of energy as a glucose does that also mean that it takes that much more time or effort to get rid of it that molecule in the body?
Possible the starch is used cell expansion as a mechanism particularly in the corpus cavernosum, considering an expanding cell would be to big to enter the efferent vessel(capillary) leading away from cavernosum
When the phosphates brake off and transform do they spark or emit photonic energy during the process?
The reason food make human different is that it is cultural and spiritual what we eat affect us how we behave , think , and set goals
Information no one else gives. Love Seeker
Omg thank you so much for integrating these concepts ☹️🥺❣️ You're a big help!
Love this, it is so interesting; thank you for the videos!
This guy and his thrill for science is so cute ❤
Where were You when I was going to school ??? hehe Just love your show
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
THis is my new favourite science show on RUclips! Bravo!
wish i had biology teacher like you back in days at school
You answered my question♡♡♡ Thank you!!!!
Wonderful channel, wonderful graphics, great speaker.
Nice to meet you guys.
☆☆☆☆☆
Thanks for the wonderful content.
Explained this a thousand times better than the textbook.
Now I'm curious, how does ketosis and fasting fit into this picture? I've done fasting and it's a really interesting experience to go from immense hunger and no energy in the first few days then having what seemed like limitless energy. In the the last 3 days of my 7 day fast I set record after record, setting the fastest time for my morning run to getting the most reps in my gym workout.
I second this. I used to fast but I can't anymore because of my parents. I've always been interested in the mechanism behind ketones and how humans are ketotic as infants, but we lose our ability to enter ketosis as quickly as we age.
Glukoneogenesis produces glucose from lactate inside your body. This pathway is only turned on when your body needs glucose and is low. There is all glucose stored inside your body. Your body will then break down the glucose stores so more is released into your body.
@@ChronicleContent i didnt mean "lose the ability", i meant that ketosis cant be attained as quickly. sorry for the misconstruing language
Elaborate on not difficult, it sounds too multfactorial to be explained so simply. What about hormones, like leptin, serotonin, grelin? What about the psychological effects that could be at play?
Excellent! Thank you. Namaste
It's so strange that these processes take place without us realizing, human bodies are really a mystery
this is so cool, thank you Patrick Kelly!
The brain doesn't only use glucose, it can run off of ketones aswell
ketones are the backup energy source, the brain greatly prefers glucose
Ketones kick in when starving mode is activated, right?
sam dell no
Thank you this video came in perfect timing for a quick recap for my test
Great video thanks! I specifically asked for this :)
I'll have to re-watch a few more time to let it all sink in.
Amazing video super informative my head now hurts
Aha, nice, but what is the form in which the energy is released from APT? Electric, heat, etc.? No, it is probably, primairely reactivity towards certain compounds. I know the rest of the video explains it all more then beautiful, but the word 'energy' is not explained, except by, again beautiful, explanation of bio chemical proces.
I love these videos. No toning down science, it's great.
Great video.Thanks
Thanks for the content!
Can you make a video about ketosis and how the body creates energy from fat when there's no more glucose?
Where we actually require oxygen in all those process, i mean what its actual role or its just an electron acceptor ???
Intense knowledge drops right here, thank you!
Wait so whats respiration...??😥
Ngl this video feels like it’s going half speed after rewatching all my lectures at 2x speed for finals.
Wait a minute... One molecule of fat with 16 carbon atoms... That's just not possible.
Fat is made up by one molecule of glycerol bound to three fatty acids by ester bonds. Glycerol has three carbon atoms, leaving in this case 13 for the three fatty acids, making each roughly 4 carbon atoms long. That's no fat that I am aware of. Fats are waaay bigger than that, most of them contain fatty acids which are themselbes 16-18 carbon atoms long.
Did you mean "one molecule of fat with three 16-carbon fatty acids"?
Because then you'd get 131 ATP times three. Plus the energy generated by breaking down glycerol.
Thank you so much for this video. There are many videos on this subject which are far too complex (and go over my head lol), but I got this! Cheers :)
This is how i get sugar rush when i eat sweets 😂
Your presentation helped. I wanted to understand how stored fats created ATP. Thank you
Our bodies were truly designed
Love this series
This video was a short time revision of chapter "respiration"!
Like your video. Please make something on nutrition functions.
Actually the brain can run on mostly kotones(>70%) once adapted.
I don't understand a thing, but I'm here for it
I'm amazed very well memorised.It helps me alot 👌
Really nice video about cycle of citric acid from a student who studies nutrition and dietetics, keep it up!!
I'm waiting the next one about fat!! 👌
Awesome video, puts many things into perspective. Please make a video on how creatine fits in the picture. I'm sure millions of gym goers world over would like to know.
My 1 year baby combined oxydative phasphoryle deficiancy disorder affected any treatment suggest please she body not produce mitocondria
Thank you very much. nice.
Getting back memories from the biochemistry class back in the days...
I love you guys
Energy needs energy to be energy
Kaneki Katharsis yes... law of thermodynamics
7:59 proceeds to eat the whole bag of Cheetos
'Our cells like to work smarter'
And we humans still encourage hard work over smart work...😮💨
1:55 CarboHydrate, Carbon is the Carbo C6H12O6, so is hydrate similar to water, since it looks like you could reduce down the H12 O6 and it would reduce down to H2O?
Now please explain what is the energy of the ATP bound and how it is converted and use inside the cell.
The energy is within the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate on the ATP molecule.
Broadly speaking you can transfer the phosphate group to some protein and that placement makes the protein change into its active conformation. A bit like pressing a spring but more sophisticated. ATP can be used (by kinases) to do this phosphorylation, changing their structure and turning them on/off.
Examples: it can flip a Na+/K+ channel to restore the ion gradient in cells (active transport), it allows DNA gyrase to prevent supercoiled DNA as it is being read, ATP is used to lock and load the myosine head within muscle units. This times a lot contracts the muscle.
@@Tinky1rs Thanks for the explanation.
So it is not heat or motion that those bound produce direct.
They are basically chemical reaction with other proteins, correct?
@@viniciusnoyoutube
I'd say they affect the potential energy of the protein. The binding of ATP / the phosphorylation leads to a conformational change, which is a form of strain. When triggered with the fitting stimulus, stuff happens. Protein dynamics and enzyme catalysis is where you really see how proteins change shape to facilitate interactions/ chemical reactions.
Kindly tell us in detail at quantum level how from ATP to muscle power is converted. I want to know the mechanism of power generation. 🙏🙏
What about Keto? You guys should do an episode on how that works because its different, theres no carbs.
beta oxidation of acyl-coA gives acetyl coA.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation
@@Tinky1rs I know how it works as I'm currently on Keto, I'm just saying it would be cool to see them explain it.
I have read this whole process in class 12 chapter respiration. So this video is short revision for me. Thanks seeker. ( i read in kreb cycle GTP is produced but not ATP)😁🇳🇵
Could you do a video how we USE ATP? I wasn't able to find a good video on the subject
muscle contraction vid below. Other things are protein phosphorylation, active transport and tRNA synthesis.
ruclips.net/video/p8iKzWqUU2s/видео.html
Mitochondria are the powerhouseness of the cell!
... thanks for the video. And.. where is ketosis in the picture? Glucose is NOT the only fuel. Neither it's a main one.
So are you going to be doing one that explains how enzymes work?
Mitochondria is the powerhouse
if I didn't already know how this situation happens, I would not have understand this video. The end needs way more simpler terms and visuals.
I know this is about humans, but you should do an episode on photosynthesis. Similar process with some cool biochemistry!
4:45 Chemical assassins? "Take _care of her_ take care of her?"
Does Glycolysis take place in any human body cell? Or is there any specific cells? Also, how does the glucose enter inside those cells? Like insulin helps the glucose to enter inside liver, muscle and fat cells.
I know glycolisis in muscle cells.
Glucose enters the cell when insulin is present in blood, because insulin tells cells to store glucose.
I'd still like to see something about how ATP is actually used. Every video and article I've found about these processes seem to consistently stop at "it releases energy." Sure, but what form of energy? How is that energy picked up and used by other molecules/processes? That kind of thing.
Depends on the action. Broadly speaking you can transfer the phosphate group to some protein and that placement makes the protein change into its active conformation. A bit like pressing a spring but more sophisticated. ATP can be used (by kinases) to phosphorylate enzymes, changing their structure and turning them on/off.
Examples: it can flip a Na+/K+ channel to restore the ion gradient in nerve cells (active transport), it allows DNA gyrase to prevent supercoiled DNA as it is being read, ATP is used to lock and load the myosine head within muscle units. This times a lot contracts the muscle.
courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/atp-and-muscle-contraction/
great vid like to see more like these
Another excellent video, possible the enzymes break the covalent bonds? Off topic, could the sa and or av node be excretory, similar to a fuel injector? consider a gas injected through the av node into r. Atrium igniting and or combusting
Wow so much happening inside us
ATP = Attackpoints, right?
Looks like the human body is smarter than the human itself
How about ketosis?
beta oxidation of acyl-CoA (ketones) gives acetyl CoA. From there the process is similar.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation
Can't we break ATP to AMP(Adenosine mono phosphate) to release more energy
So I take it because so little fat holds so much energy is why its so hard to work off because even though your getting tired the atp from that fat is still giving you alot of energy to not burn more off
So breaking a phosphate from ATP produces energy? What part of cell uses it? How is it done by that part? All I know is that a cell needs energy to push molecules from low concentration to high concentration
That's active transport. You can look up protein phosphorylation, how muscles contract (actine-myosine interaction) and how tRNA is synthesized.
What about turning protein into ATP
:)) WRONG: " the brain can only use glucose as fuel"