Technically, it's easy to make the codes much more secure- tie both ends into an accurate clock. But that means the user can't easily replace their own fob battery, among other things. At least ignition is a lot more secure.
Are you familiar with how newer proximity unlock key fobs work, the ones that don't require you to press a button but rather unlock the car as soon as you get near it automatically? Is there some sort of more proper handshake? Also, how many valid codes does the vehicle hold on to at a time? If I was out of range of my vehicle and pressed the unlock button 200/2000/however many times, would the car think the code was invalid because the counter in the fob is so far ahead of the car?
The Passive Keyless entry systems work on 2 different wireless systems. First, when you touch the handle, the car sends out a 315KHz RFID signal which the fob sees and responds to with an open command at 433MHz (315MHz in the US)
You've described the RollJam attack, which isn't Toyota specific so it's a little unfair to rag on them for that. Instead, rag on them for not properly using a CAN gateway in the RAV4 models. With a CAN injector and a little brute force to the inside wheel well you can hit the headlights with a CAN spike attack to unlock the doors and replay a key auth packet to start it.
He also neglected to mention that rolljam only gets you one good code, which is only valid *if* you use it before the keyfob is used again. Key windows are a thing; and as soon as the fob is used again, which has a code aheadof the one you got, your code is invalid. Rolljam is a fun concept but not practical. There are other, easier techniques.
I could be wrong (won't be the first time or last for sure!) but I was under the impression that rolling codes are specific and in order hence the reason you can replace the battery without the fob needing to be reprogrammed. There is a list of codes but you can actually send a bunch of false codes and the vehicle will revert back to the initial base code it starts with. Regardless this is a good video. More important to me is, where did you get that Hakrf?!?! I love that yours has a pentometer/knob seperate from the selecting buttons! Mine is consolidated and I'm NOT a fan. Is that an aftermarket unit?? And as mentioned in other comments, The Flipper is a cool gadget but by no means new tech.
The Flipper is nice, especially with add-on boards, if it can do the task you want it to do. Like why bring the HackRF or Proxmark out if the flipper can do it? Not to say by any means that the HackRF/Proxmark isnt like 10fold more powerful, but i mean Flippers can be useful. Add on boards can pack a nice punch too.
Got a question. Can’t you not start the car Cus if you jam the car and try to get the frequency of the car starting wouldn’t it not turn on since it’s jammed
@@nikbirsingh that is the case just for this video, but in real-life the bad actors would come back another time, maybe even the same day or night, the code is saved and just used at a later date and time, as far as the vehicle is concerned, it’s never received that stolen start up sequence code (the authorization “handshake”) so it accepts it as a never-before-used code.
@@tinytx really appreciate you replying to all the comments but I think you misunderstood my question. For example a push to start car (keyless) can someone jam the car then capture the signal for the ignition as they push the button to start the car?
@@nikbirsingh oops sorry, I see what you mean. Yes and no, the signal and handshake will occur if the vehicle owner remote starts their car, so yes this can be jammed and captured but if the vehicle owner is in their car a jammer will have no effect nor will anything be captured when they press the physical push to start button as starting the vehicle with this method is nothing more than an actual physical switch being engaged.
@@tinytx but isn’t it not just a physical switch? It operates with the signal of the key fob so that the car knows that the key is in the car to start the ignition? Can this signal be captured by thieves? Or is it only possible to copy the signal of the ignition with remote start vehicles? Btw subbed to your channel
Hi sir I’m genuinely curious about this device and got me thinking that just like how you said if a key fob is out of range, the key fob and the vehicle cannot communicate. Does that mean all remote start car are venerable of their starting signal on their key being captured and used to start their vehicle???
@@nikbirkundi5223 that is 100% correct, any wirelessly transmitted signal can be compromised, it may not be simple across different technologies and industries, but as of 2024, there has not been any significant change to the security protocols that these key fobs are using, and to make matters worse, the vehicle manufacturers are complicit and 100% aware of these severe security breaches, why they choose not to address this problem is beyond our understanding, thousands of vehicles are exploited and stolen every day with basic off the shelf electronics.
Since the release of the flipper zero everyone is going crazy thinking these attacks are brand new. By the way I saw I comment regarding desync the fob. How come it does not affect it? Awesome video !
That’s right, they’ve been around for years, just with different tools. If you desync the fob the vehicle will no longer recognize the fob, but codes can be captured and stored for later, you can capture hundreds or even thousands and store them for use at your leisure.
My pet turtle told me that the majority of 90s vehicles use a fixed code. I trust him though and he made a backup of my vehicle's fob just in case my dog steps on the lock button when I make a quick stop at a gas station... its happened before!
Your pet turtle is wrong. There are very few early vehicles with fixed codes. We're talking about 1 year and one company in particular. I have data dumps for every single make and model car. I have 65k captures for many vehicles.
Well the majority of 90s Nissans then Although its worked on several other cars Myrtle has tested/shown off the capability with, 2 or 3 90s major brands. Honda seems hit or miss.
Thanks for interesting video. How much is average or maximum recieving distance from keyfob to hackrf in Urban conditions? You also press long the button. In real life, the owner of the car just clicks one time and that's all. Does this sdr simply send the same code that recieved or can also modify it? For instance if sdr accepted signal "lock", can it send signal "unlock" ? How to deal with that
With different antennas you can extend range significantly, at the least 10’s of metres. Regardless of long press or short press the signal will be captured, I long press in the video to show the signal appearing on the waterfall of the analyzer for those watching, the SDR will only repair the captured signal, no modification done at all, if received signal lock, SDR will play lock, same with unlock, car-start etc, SDR cannot modify signal, only replay captured signal and that’s all👍
@TINYTX INC. So what's the practical ways of recieving signal "lock" and send command "unlock" or get "unlock" signal that will really work? If keyfob ( keyless entry) is out of range, is it possible to copy that from 1-2 meters distance by sdr tools or flipper zero? I know that russian some devices can accept signal lock and then send command "unlock".. they cost expensive . But they don't work on all cars.. Also, get interested, how is possible to bruteforce the rolling code cars? Several devices needed?
@@Mike-s9u it would not matter for locking/unlocking, 99% of these exploits are done when the key is far from the vehicle, the vehicle would still unlock without the fob using the captured signal but it likely would not start without the presence of the fob even with a captured start signal
You cant compare this sec flaw to the static code.. With rolling code you need to either to jam the car and sniff the keyfob, or get physical access to keyfob itself. Both are more risky and complicated, and limited in use (depends on haw many keypresses you manage to catch). With static code you need to capture the keyfob signal ONCE and you have unlimited access to the vehicle anytime you want. I'm not saying it's undoable with rolling code, but statement that it's as unsecure as static code is also exaggeration. Much easier for thieves is to use the Bulgarian "Gameboy" - not only does it open/close a car, it also starts the engine, and all of that WITHOUT any neccessity of keyfobs being even close to the thief.
I think it makes sense because the key has also immobilizer which is not used to unlock the car but to start the ignition, so yeah in theory you are able to open the car in this way but that device I think is not the same what relay attack that must just extend the signal to start a vehicle. Which is the biggest problem in case they want to steal your car. Basically keyless entry best option to turn off that crap until we really get a safe one. I have also installed one more special one there is no way to start my car it cuts the fuel pump and whole ignition.
@user-wu6mc8es5w manufacturers updated the software, so the delay in time means replay doesn't work. Not all have this update yet. It takes time to send a signal through the amplifier. So, the cars pke sends a wake-up command, and if the key doesn't respond in exactly the right time frame, the car won't open.
We do not sell this device on our website but if you’d like one please contact us on Instagram @tinytransmitters you may also find clones of this device on AliExpress but please read the listing carefully, some clones have been reported to have severe issues.
There are rolling codes but we capture a set of codes using the device in the video while blocking the signal to the vehicle, so the vehicle just doesn’t have a chance to authenticate the code so it thinks it’s a code that has never been used before.
It's a rolling code. It doesn't run out of numbers. However, 1 bit is removed from the fob's signal after the first rollover at FFFF to 0000 to have a permanent record of that happening.
@labizcochadequeso only certain vehicle it's a problem. These would be German vehicles where only authorized people can make key adaptation through obd without removing the memory chip and modifing that directly. Like volkswagen. However. That chip is behind the instrument cluster.
It's a rolling code. There is no reason to jam the car from receiving the signals that are captured. Ya'll just don't know anything about vehicle security. You can just dump a bin file from the chip without ever knowing anything about the encryption.
But nobody opens the car and then goes away?! If someone opens the cars they go inside and drive away? You can't steal a car when the owner is inside and driving lol
@solomongrundy145 most thieves do not want to steal the physical key as to not arouse suspicion, they just need to clone it quickly, that way they can come back at will without raising any alarms about missing physical keys.
@@tinytxTheives have several methods depending on the vehicle. They can replace the bcm and ecu with a known key, or they use professional tools to add a key after picking the lock.
Sorry you’re so disappointed 🤷♂️ This is a show of case of the methods used by thieves to clone and replay key-fob attacks, it’s not an instructional. This is not an unlikely situation, this is the main method used to swipe almost 90% of vehicles today.
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aight guess Im sticking to physical access now for my toyota haha
I can tell you on the ranges they are cutting out a section on the body to gain access to the can bus lines, same with new toyota/lexus vehicles…
Technically, it's easy to make the codes much more secure- tie both ends into an accurate clock. But that means the user can't easily replace their own fob battery, among other things.
At least ignition is a lot more secure.
Yes very true! But we’ve actually demonstrated on our Instagram page starting the car remotely using the same method!
@@tinytxlink?
Would it also get the frequency of you starting the car when your also jamming it at the same time?
U can also use a cheap radio on same frequency will also jam car key signal cause radio more powerful will block key signal
Monthly subscription for fob? That funny... At least, air - still free
Are you familiar with how newer proximity unlock key fobs work, the ones that don't require you to press a button but rather unlock the car as soon as you get near it automatically? Is there some sort of more proper handshake?
Also, how many valid codes does the vehicle hold on to at a time? If I was out of range of my vehicle and pressed the unlock button 200/2000/however many times, would the car think the code was invalid because the counter in the fob is so far ahead of the car?
The Passive Keyless entry systems work on 2 different wireless systems.
First, when you touch the handle, the car sends out a 315KHz RFID signal which the fob sees and responds to with an open command at 433MHz (315MHz in the US)
@ForgedEggs the pke is 125khz. The fob responds on its frequency used with the bcm.
You've described the RollJam attack, which isn't Toyota specific so it's a little unfair to rag on them for that.
Instead, rag on them for not properly using a CAN gateway in the RAV4 models.
With a CAN injector and a little brute force to the inside wheel well you can hit the headlights with a CAN spike attack to unlock the doors and replay a key auth packet to start it.
No I tried
He also neglected to mention that rolljam only gets you one good code, which is only valid *if* you use it before the keyfob is used again.
Key windows are a thing; and as soon as the fob is used again, which has a code aheadof the one you got, your code is invalid.
Rolljam is a fun concept but not practical. There are other, easier techniques.
You can't start it as that is a different system.
I could be wrong (won't be the first time or last for sure!) but I was under the impression that rolling codes are specific and in order hence the reason you can replace the battery without the fob needing to be reprogrammed. There is a list of codes but you can actually send a bunch of false codes and the vehicle will revert back to the initial base code it starts with. Regardless this is a good video. More important to me is, where did you get that Hakrf?!?! I love that yours has a pentometer/knob seperate from the selecting buttons! Mine is consolidated and I'm NOT a fan. Is that an aftermarket unit?? And as mentioned in other comments, The Flipper is a cool gadget but by no means new tech.
Hi! Yes it’s an aftermarket version, they’re actually available on Amazon. Loaded with MAYHEM and everything, much better than stock version IMO.
@TINYTX INC. Sweet! Thanks for the info. Will definitely have to check those out. Can always use a spare!!
The Flipper is nice, especially with add-on boards, if it can do the task you want it to do. Like why bring the HackRF or Proxmark out if the flipper can do it? Not to say by any means that the HackRF/Proxmark isnt like 10fold more powerful, but i mean Flippers can be useful. Add on boards can pack a nice punch too.
Got a question. Can’t you not start the car Cus if you jam the car and try to get the frequency of the car starting wouldn’t it not turn on since it’s jammed
@@nikbirsingh that is the case just for this video, but in real-life the bad actors would come back another time, maybe even the same day or night, the code is saved and just used at a later date and time, as far as the vehicle is concerned, it’s never received that stolen start up sequence code (the authorization “handshake”) so it accepts it as a never-before-used code.
@@tinytx really appreciate you replying to all the comments but I think you misunderstood my question. For example a push to start car (keyless) can someone jam the car then capture the signal for the ignition as they push the button to start the car?
@@nikbirsingh oops sorry, I see what you mean. Yes and no, the signal and handshake will occur if the vehicle owner remote starts their car, so yes this can be jammed and captured but if the vehicle owner is in their car a jammer will have no effect nor will anything be captured when they press the physical push to start button as starting the vehicle with this method is nothing more than an actual physical switch being engaged.
@@tinytx but isn’t it not just a physical switch? It operates with the signal of the key fob so that the car knows that the key is in the car to start the ignition? Can this signal be captured by thieves? Or is it only possible to copy the signal of the ignition with remote start vehicles? Btw subbed to your channel
Have you considered Roll-Jam or SARA?
Informative!
It's a wonder they don't have to do a bidirectional handshake in order for the fob to work.
Hi sir I’m genuinely curious about this device and got me thinking that just like how you said if a key fob is out of range, the key fob and the vehicle cannot communicate. Does that mean all remote start car are venerable of their starting signal on their key being captured and used to start their vehicle???
@@nikbirkundi5223 that is 100% correct, any wirelessly transmitted signal can be compromised, it may not be simple across different technologies and industries, but as of 2024, there has not been any significant change to the security protocols that these key fobs are using, and to make matters worse, the vehicle manufacturers are complicit and 100% aware of these severe security breaches, why they choose not to address this problem is beyond our understanding, thousands of vehicles are exploited and stolen every day with basic off the shelf electronics.
@@tinytx thats pretty sad to be honest. The fact that it would work on modern cars that use remote start is just absurd👏
@@nikbirkundi5223 totally agree, we need to put pressure on the vehicle manufacturers.
@@tinytx Right! So in theory my bmw would be vulnerable to this kind of attack? Please say no.
@@nikbirkundi5223 your BMW is actually more secure than most other makes but it’s still vulnerable!
How do transfer that copied single into a remote
Doesn't this desync the fob?
No, it does not alter the fob in any way whatsoever!
Tip: Remove your antenna to produce cleaner signals that are close to the HackRF (receiver)
:D
Since the release of the flipper zero everyone is going crazy thinking these attacks are brand new. By the way I saw I comment regarding desync the fob. How come it does not affect it? Awesome video !
That’s right, they’ve been around for years, just with different tools. If you desync the fob the vehicle will no longer recognize the fob, but codes can be captured and stored for later, you can capture hundreds or even thousands and store them for use at your leisure.
Lock and unlock works, but can you start the engine?
On majority of models you can if you follow the same sequence of recording the “start” command.
What about when you touch the door handle and that unlocks. I never rest the key fob.
My pet turtle told me that the majority of 90s vehicles use a fixed code. I trust him though and he made a backup of my vehicle's fob just in case my dog steps on the lock button when I make a quick stop at a gas station... its happened before!
Your pet turtle is wrong. There are very few early vehicles with fixed codes. We're talking about 1 year and one company in particular.
I have data dumps for every single make and model car. I have 65k captures for many vehicles.
Well the majority of 90s Nissans then
Although its worked on several other cars Myrtle has tested/shown off the capability with, 2 or 3 90s major brands. Honda seems hit or miss.
Cuánto saldrá un aparato como ese?
Thanks for interesting video.
How much is average or maximum recieving distance from keyfob to hackrf in Urban conditions?
You also press long the button. In real life, the owner of the car just clicks one time and that's all.
Does this sdr simply send the same code that recieved or can also modify it?
For instance if sdr accepted signal "lock", can it send signal "unlock" ?
How to deal with that
With different antennas you can extend range significantly, at the least 10’s of metres. Regardless of long press or short press the signal will be captured, I long press in the video to show the signal appearing on the waterfall of the analyzer for those watching, the SDR will only repair the captured signal, no modification done at all, if received signal lock, SDR will play lock, same with unlock, car-start etc, SDR cannot modify signal, only replay captured signal and that’s all👍
@TINYTX INC.
So what's the practical ways of recieving signal "lock" and send command "unlock" or get "unlock" signal that will really work?
If keyfob ( keyless entry) is out of range, is it possible to copy that from 1-2 meters distance by sdr tools or flipper zero?
I know that russian some devices can accept signal lock and then send command "unlock".. they cost expensive . But they don't work on all cars..
Also, get interested, how is possible to bruteforce the rolling code cars? Several devices needed?
You just blew my mind with this one👀 just got my flipper but I need this what's the link?
This you can do with flipper
awesome
What is this device called?
“HackRF Portapack”
@@tinytx how can I learn how to use this device? Just RUclips?
Can you demonstrate when the key is not in ranage
@@Mike-s9u it would not matter for locking/unlocking, 99% of these exploits are done when the key is far from the vehicle, the vehicle would still unlock without the fob using the captured signal but it likely would not start without the presence of the fob even with a captured start signal
Wouldn’t the flipper zero also be able to do that
Yes just with slightly limited features and reach but absolutely👍
So whay you're doing with this device is you're stop the signal from getting to the car and then you save it and can use it lster?
Yes, that’s what the device does👍
Can one of these not capture and jam at the same time?
You cannot capture as you are deploying a jammer as you’ll capture the jamming signal as well inadvertently
@@tinytxDon't jam it. It's a rolling code. Rolling code! Rolling!
You cant compare this sec flaw to the static code..
With rolling code you need to either to jam the car and sniff the keyfob, or get physical access to keyfob itself. Both are more risky and complicated, and limited in use (depends on haw many keypresses you manage to catch).
With static code you need to capture the keyfob signal ONCE and you have unlimited access to the vehicle anytime you want.
I'm not saying it's undoable with rolling code, but statement that it's as unsecure as static code is also exaggeration.
Much easier for thieves is to use the Bulgarian "Gameboy" - not only does it open/close a car, it also starts the engine, and all of that WITHOUT any neccessity of keyfobs being even close to the thief.
Good points made👌 thank you for sharing!
Does turning the signal off while out of the vehicle work?
Yes, one needs to only be a few metres away, depending on the antenna used you can be even 10’s of metres away.
First I want to say very good explanation. But you can only open and close the door and not start the vehicle that has start a button, right?
I think it makes sense because the key has also immobilizer which is not used to unlock the car but to start the ignition, so yeah in theory you are able to open the car in this way but that device I think is not the same what relay attack that must just extend the signal to start a vehicle. Which is the biggest problem in case they want to steal your car. Basically keyless entry best option to turn off that crap until we really get a safe one. I have also installed one more special one there is no way to start my car it cuts the fuel pump and whole ignition.
@user-wu6mc8es5w manufacturers updated the software, so the delay in time means replay doesn't work. Not all have this update yet. It takes time to send a signal through the amplifier. So, the cars pke sends a wake-up command, and if the key doesn't respond in exactly the right time frame, the car won't open.
How much for this device?
We do not sell this device on our website but if you’d like one please contact us on Instagram @tinytransmitters you may also find clones of this device on AliExpress but please read the listing carefully, some clones have been reported to have severe issues.
I tried that on a car I have 2014 Kia Optima & 2010 Lexus 250h ... Nothing works
U probably didn’t jam the signal
With a $400 programmer you can access the immo files and emulate a key in a couple minutes.
No rolling codes?
There are rolling codes but we capture a set of codes using the device in the video while blocking the signal to the vehicle, so the vehicle just doesn’t have a chance to authenticate the code so it thinks it’s a code that has never been used before.
@@tinytxso where do you find these devices at?
@@tinytxif you was gonna buy em
please .next time turn the car around so you are not filming in the sun
Tanto cuesta grabar bien lo que haces???
@@santiagomolina3916 😂😂😂
how babout brute force codes until the car runs out of new codes
This would not work, although this was a common attack on garage door openers back in the early 2000’s.
It's a rolling code. It doesn't run out of numbers. However, 1 bit is removed from the fob's signal after the first rollover at FFFF to 0000 to have a permanent record of that happening.
This does work for rolling code does it
Yes
@@tinytx if the hackrf sends the signal and there is a new code, what happens to the key fob
@@soapy5343 nothing! The handshake never occurred in the first place so the vehicle will authenticate the signal and accept it either way
@@soapy5343in most cases the car and the original fob are desinc and this is a mess to solve. Dont play with important devices, use your spear car😂
@labizcochadequeso only certain vehicle it's a problem. These would be German vehicles where only authorized people can make key adaptation through obd without removing the memory chip and modifing that directly.
Like volkswagen. However. That chip is behind the instrument cluster.
It's a rolling code. There is no reason to jam the car from receiving the signals that are captured.
Ya'll just don't know anything about vehicle security.
You can just dump a bin file from the chip without ever knowing anything about the encryption.
Rolling codes can be brute forced.
Yup, they are not as secure of a system as has been touted.
Bro I can just tell your Canadian haah
@@333sagg 😁😁😁
Mercedes uses 2 freqs w rolling codes.
But nobody opens the car and then goes away?! If someone opens the cars they go inside and drive away? You can't steal a car when the owner is inside and driving lol
How do you do it with out the key fob tho???
You need access to the fob just one time for a few seconds, the codes are then copied and stored for later single-time use
@solomongrundy145 most thieves do not want to steal the physical key as to not arouse suspicion, they just need to clone it quickly, that way they can come back at will without raising any alarms about missing physical keys.
@@tinytxTheives have several methods depending on the vehicle. They can replace the bcm and ecu with a known key, or they use professional tools to add a key after picking the lock.
Stop displaying our tricks😆
I need a new HC… vrooms for days
😂😂😂
So if you're in a very unlikely situation, you could possibly do something that serves no purpose. cool.
Sorry you’re so disappointed 🤷♂️ This is a show of case of the methods used by thieves to clone and replay key-fob attacks, it’s not an instructional. This is not an unlikely situation, this is the main method used to swipe almost 90% of vehicles today.
We’re do you buy a device like that