History of Vientiane - Laos Part 1
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- Опубликовано: 11 окт 2024
- Vientiane (pronounced /vjɛnˈtjɑːn/, Lao ວຽງຈັນ Wiang-jun; Thai เวียงจันทน์ Wiang-chan, IPA: [wíəŋ tɕàn]; literally "City of Sandalwood") is the capital and largest city of Laos, situated in the Mekong river.
Sri Sattanak, or Sisattanak (Lao: ສີສັດຕະນາກ; Pali: श्रि शत्तनक् शिसत्तनक्), is a former name of Vientiane. It is often confused with Sri Sattanakanahut, the Pali name of Lan Xang, the Kingdom of the Million Elephants. Sisattanak now is the name of one of the five districts of the city Vientiane.
The name of the city is derived from Pali, the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism. Its original meaning is "royal sandalwood grove" or "city of sandalwood", this tree being highly valued in classical India for its fragrance. In modern Lao, the meaning of Vientiane is ambiguous, and is often mistakenly believed to mean "city of the moon", because the words for 'moon (chandra (चन्द) in Sanskrit)' and 'sandalwood (chandana (चन्दन) in Sanskrit)' are written and pronounced identically as 'jan'. However, the name in Thai, เวียงจันทน์, retains the etymologically correct spelling, and clearly indicates "city of sandalwood" as the meaning. The romanized spelling "Vientiane" is of French origin, and reflects the difficulty the French had in pronouncing the hard "j" sound in the Lao word; a common English-based spelling is "Viangchan", or occasionally "Wiangchan".
The great Laotian epic, the Phra Lak Phra Lam, claims that Prince Thattaradtha founded the city when he left the legendary Lao kingdom of Muong Inthapatha Maha Nakhone because he was denied the throne in favor of his younger brother. Thattaradtha founded a city called Maha Thani Si Phan Phao on the western banks of the Mekong River; this city was told to have later become today's Udon Thani, Thailand. One day, a seven-headed Naga told Thattaradtha to start a new city on the eastern bank of the river opposite Maha Thani Si Phan Phao. The prince called this city Chanthabuly Si Sattanakhanahud; which was told to be the predecessor of modern Vientiane.
Contrary to the Phra Lak Phra Ram, most historians believe Vientiane was an early Khmer settlement centered around a Hindu temple, which the Pha That Luang would later replace. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the time when the Lao and Thai people are believed to have entered Southeast Asia from Southern China, the few remaining Khmers in the area were either killed, removed, or assimilated into the Lao civilization, which would soon overtake the area.
In 1354, when Fa Ngum founded the kingdom of Lan Xang, Vientiane became an important administrative city, even though it was not made the capital. King Setthathirath officially established it as the capital of Lan Xang in 1563, to avoid Burmese invasion.[4] When Lan Xang fell apart in 1707, it became an independent Kingdom of Vientiane. In 1779, it was conquered by the Siamese general Phraya Chakri and made a vassal of Siam.
When King Anouvong raised an unsuccessful rebellion, it was obliterated by Siamese armies in 1827. The city was burned to the ground and was looted of nearly all Laotian artifacts including Buddha statues and people. Vientiane was in great disrepair when the French arrived, arrived to only find a depopulated region with even the great city of Vientiane disappearing into the forest.It eventually passed to French rule in 1893. It became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos in 1899. The French rebuilt the city and rebuilt or repaired Buddhist temples such as Pha That Luang, Haw Phra Kaew, and left many colonial buildings behind.
During World War II, Vientiane fell with little resistance and was occupied by Japanese forces, under the command of Sako Masanori,[5] on 9 March 1945. French paratroopers arrived and "liberated" the city on April 24, 1945.[6]
As the Laotian Civil War broke out between the Royal Lao Government and the Pathet Lao, Vientiane became unstabled. In August 1960, Kong Le seized the capital and insisted that Souvanna Phouma, become Prime Minister. In mid-December, General Phoumi then seized the capital and overthrew the Phouma Government and installed Boun Oum as Prime Minister. In mid-1975, Pathet Lao troops had move towards the city and American personnel began evacuating the capital. On August 23, 1975, a contingent of 50 Pathet Lao women, symbolically "liberated" the city.[6]
Vientiane was the host of the incident free 2009 Southeast Asian Games, with 18 disciplines being dropped from the previous games held in Thailand due to Laos' landlocked state and the lack of adequate facilities in Vientiane.
Thank you I’m Lao too I can speak English too❤
I use to live in laos for almost years.
I know lao history and lao people . I can speak lao is will.
I love lao so much . country.history.calture.
love you laossssssssssssssss
ดีคัก เพราะหว่า ศาสนาพุทธเผยแพร่ไปได๋มีแต่ความสงบสุข ดีงามหลืองเหลื่อม. บ่ได้เอามีดเอาพ้าไปกดขี่ข่มเหงผู้ได หากแม่นพ่ำสอนกันด้วยดี ให้ฮู้ให้เข้าใจตามความเป็นของชีวิต และ จิตใจ. มีศีลมีธรรม จาฮีตประเพณีอันดีงามสู่หมู่คนบ่เลือกชาติชั้นวรรณะใด. สาธุ สาธุ สาธุ
I miss Laos so much! ຄິດຮອດບ້ານຫລາຍ!
thanks for sharing i missed ViengJunn der!
I love : lao-nai,lao-nok,lao-esaan=all lao culture kaoneo...long live!!!
😅ลาวมีประวัติศาสตร์ชาติลาวด้วย ไม่มีเเล้วมั้ง มีเเต่สปปลาว😅😅
The word tai or thai does mean people ( khonh ), people of a certain profession/affiliation or people of a certain geographical location but none of an ethnic nor race as some scholars claim, Siamese called themselves Thai after Soukhothai their original geographical location.
@piromsarom215 Well said my friend history prove how people are today.
I wish these videos had English subtitles, my Lao is very poor :(
mangere275 same
love laos
how long has laos been a country?
@piromsarom215
Yes, definitely i agreed.
@MrPbandasak your welcome in the future khmer and laos wil reunited to get peace one day. good will when bad.
i like laos history it like khmer history i had both blood. i respect both culture becuz khmer and laos want peace not like thai and viet.
ເວົ້າຫລາຍອັນສະຫລຸບເອົາຕາມໃຈ ບໍ່ກົງກັບເອກະສານປະເທດອ້ອມຂ້າງຫລາຍປະເທດ, ປະຫວັດພະທາດຫລວງວຽງຈັນ ສະໃຫມພະຍາຈັນ ຊຶ່ງແມ່ນມອນ ຜູ້ສ້າງເມືອງໄດ້ ເອິ້ນເມືອງວຽງຈັນວ່າ ຈັນທບູລີ, ຫລື ຈັນທປູລະ ຕາມຊື່ຕົນ ບວກດ້ວຍປູລະ ຊຶ່ງແປວ່າເມືອງໃສ່ນຳ ແລະບໍ່ແມ່ນວຽງຈັນແຕ່ຢ່າງໃດ ຄຳວ່າ ວຽງ ແມ່ນພາສາກຸ່ມໄຕ ຊຶ່ງແປວ່າຄຸ້ມ ຫລື ຂອບເຂດເທດສະບານ
พาสากืมมุวงงแปว่าในบ้านในเมือง
apocryphal history In addition to adding political and administrative decorations to the communist system
450yrs
Alll ao people are welcomed you and your friends anytime and anywhere.
2017
แล้วเด้อ
in the 8 centuries
ຮັກປະເທດລາວ
apocryphal history In addition to adding political and administrative decorations to the communist system ❌❌