This video is perfect! You love talking about mass extinctions, and I love listening to you talk about mass extinctions. You do a great job walking us through the topic without resorting to undefined jargon, and your presentations keep getting more polished. You make it easy to lean something new, even for a layman. I appreciate these lectures very much.
Why do we care? 1) Change is interesting, and extinction events represent huge changes. 2) It helps us understand the robustness of life and its limits. 3) It helps us predict what will happen in our modern environments. 4) It gives insight into exobiology. 5) Life gives meaning to the world. The resilience of life is perhaps the most meaningful topic of all.
This world needs more people like you, who want to educate people, not confuse and misinform them. If we are to survive as a species, we need people to understand science and rely on it, not pretend that it does not exist. Thank you.
11:31 One really cool thing about sponges that's related to your point is that they're made up mostly of choanocytes, which are specialised cells with a flagellum (tail-like structure) that are used to move water through the sponge body for filter feeding. It turns out that there's a group of unicellular organisms that are very closely related to animals (basically the only difference is that they're unicellular) called choanoflagellates that are very similar to sponge choanocytes and even occasionally group into colonies. It's an awesome real-life example of what the transition from unicellular to multicellular life might've looked like!
Hi Rachael: Your thoughtful scholarship and your captivating stage presence on this medium are nothing short of magnificent. Thank you for sharing and illuminating this fascinating topic with your inimitable style. 💎💯💚
Thanks again for a fascinating video, it's a prescient topic as you rightly point out but I would add it's worth learning and understanding these events in deep time and the evolution of life because well... It's just fascinating. So I owe you and other educators online a debt of gratitude for bringing me such knowledge!
I can’t believe I listened to the whole video. I know nothing about your field and am truly impressed by your ability to keep me engaged and teach me something.
I've never really paid that much attention to the Ordovician... I've obviously been missing out! I love that species diversity graph you keep showing in this video... a perfect summary of what was going on all through the Phanerozoic... nice!
What do you think caused the cooling that triggered the first pulse of the Ordovician extinction event? What made it different from other cooling cycles? When I asked Google, it offered me a paper on GeoScienceWorld from 2020 called "Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia, not cooling and glaciation." It's too technical for me decipher, but but seems to point solely at warming from volcanism for both pulses and, in fact, blames warming for all five mass extinction events. A 2024 paper in Nature, on the other hand, blames cooling for 3 events and warming for only 2 events. This is why I value your summaries of new papers. I lack the context needed to discern what is reasonable and what is preposterous.
I have that video on the ordovician mass extinction that goes over the potential causes, so be sure to check that out (ruclips.net/video/DODZo8EgLg8/видео.html), but it was primarily the spread of non-vascular plants onto land, which increased carbon burial and thus, triggered cooling. There are other hypothesized causes/contributing factors, but this was the major change that occurred in the Ordovician and shifted climates rapidly. :)
@@GEOGIRL Or maybe because of more O2 in the atmosphere, because of those plants, creating a stronger ozone protection layer stopping more radiation from reaching the surface and therefore less deep penetration in the ocean of that energy and therefore cooling the oceans cooling the climate.
Glass sponges - silicon and carbon sit in the same column of the periodic table. It may be carbon that forms the molecules of life but silicon still has a role in forming some of life's mechanical structures. Life is amazing.
Hi Rachel, thanks for your interesting videos. (I somehow missed the one on killer mosses, but sure to check it out soon). I’m not too sure, but it seemed that rate of recovery, in general, tended to be faster in the “modern’ time (post Mesozoic), other than maybe post Cambrian. Can’t tell much about the Proterozoic, but I suppose complexity of life would favor recovery (?). Thanks!
Why does Ordovician sound like a bad Vegas act? “We are Ordovician! Good night!!” But seriously, these presentations always blow my mind. I tend to get complacent in my life and to think of the time frames, the organisms who’vegobe extinct, and how life has recovered…. Thanks for being a science commentator!
The chart appearing around 05:30, in the GOBE (Great Ordo...), I like that a lot. I'd like to see more charts of that nature - depicting a measure of whether life was flourishing or not. I'd like to see one that includes arguably the 6th mee - present day planet Earth, for comparison.
Rachel 🎨, Thank you for presenting this paper. Your video and the paper are both fascinating! You chose perfect illustrations. Good job! When it comes to the fossil record how many people are out there digging these up and cataloging them correctly? The more of these paleontology videos I watch on RUclips the more impressed I am by the fossil record throughout the world 🌎🌍. The entire process confuses me. I guess for at least 200 years now, people have been digging holes around the world, then cataloging them, and making them available to a worldwide audience?
I mean pretty much yea! haha It is sometimes a bit difficult because sometimes paleontologists on different sides of the globe will find the same species but call it something different, so over the years, through a lot of literature reviews and better collaborations over time we have gone through and fixed little issues like this to make sure the fossil record is more coherent, but many holes obviously still exist, so there is a lot left to discover and catalog! :D
Also, incredibly, only about 1% of creatures are fossilized! And while we are pretty good at finding these caches, imagine how much of previous life is missed because of the specific conditions needed for fossilization to occur.
I find it interesting the reconstructions are now showing diversity declining throughout the latter half of the Palaeozoic. Especially considering that era covered animal life moving onto land.
Ok. Now you've got me hooked and I will listen to all your Ordovician videos. Who knew the pre-Silurian could be all that interesting, but'Killer Moss', yeah, gotta to up to speed on them.
Very nice video! Mass extinctions are a very interesting topic, they have played a role in the evolution of complex life and shaped organisms as they exist today. In recent years, the idea that the Earth as the ideal model of a habitable planet has been challenged in the astrobiology community. It has been shown that there exist extrasolar planets that are more habitable than the Earth, the so-called "superhabitable planets". But on such superhabitable planets, life may never evolve beyond microbial life if geological perturbations or external perturbations like due to asteroid impacts don't have sufficiently large impacts in the climate to trigger mass extinctions.
Very interesting video. There’s an old saying “necessity is the mother of invention”. This is also true when it comes to extinction events. As new niches open, it leads to not only the surviving species expanding into those niches, but also leads to new species evolving to fit those niches. With each extinction comes new ages. From age of fish to age of reptiles to age of mammals. The interesting question to pose to your students if it be this. What niche do humans currently take that upon our extinction, other species can carve or evolve into? We all know what would happen if for example a certain prey or predator disappeared. But what would happen if humans disappeared? How important are we to the cycle of life and earth? PS: Do you have a patron account?
When you say sponges and microbial mats recover first, do they just re-occupy their previous niches? Or do undergo diversification/adaptive radiation to occupy new niches made available by the extinction of other species?
Firstly thanks for a superb video. The graph showing # genera Vs time makes the mass extinction events look like dips rather than wipeouts. During the video you state 85% of species were wiped out while the graph looks like less than 25% of genera. Are the remaining genera home to what you refer to as foundational organisms? Where some genera far more top heavy with species? or am I missing something else? I know that looks like a detail but doesn't the resilience of life rely, in part, on so many potential development paths remaining. Will now start watching the rest of your videos.
This channel popped up on my phone today -- probably because the algorithm knows I enjoy deep-time history. I particularly enjoyed seeing the chart of the number of genera versus time, which was new to me. Are fossils ephemeral on geological time scales, and if so would this graph include a correction factor for the greater difficulty in finding older fossils? At a guess, I'd think that a correction would be too hard to calculate and it's better to see the raw data. Thank you for the book links -- I'm currently reading "Entangled Life", a combination of mycology and autobiography, which among other things discusses the synergy between fungi and plants in colonizing land. Liked, subscribed, and commenting.
There is so much work done covering the meteor impact 66 million years ago that left a 100-mile crater and ended the reign of the dinosaurs. But... what I'd really like to see is an equally detailed study of the immediate impact of the meteor that struck the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay 35 million years ago that left a 50-mile-wide crater there. The immediate effects must have been just as devastating to life in eastern North America, not to mention the tsunamis that must have raced across the Atlantic. I remember reading that a tsunami from that event may have even overtopped the Appalachian mountains, let alone wiped out all life along the eastern seaboard.
When life recovers, life does so from geographic pockets insulated or protected from each calamity. I often wonder where these refugia were? Madagascar has been a safe haven. So has Antarctica. Recent wildfires in Australia have shown that tiny mammals found local pockets of safety.
I am really interested in this video. I live on top of exposed Ordovician rock layers. The Saint Lawrence valley is full of trilobite fossils from the Ordovician.
Rachel Dear......... (1) Approximately how many Mass Extinctions are suspected to have occured in addition to the 5 Major Extinctions since the beginning of Earth? (2) Is it possible for Oxygen to have escaped from the Atmosphere through the Ozone Layer into Space? (3) Why or WHY NOT to #2 Please? THANK YOU for any input Rachel.
Im a little bit confused here, are you suggesting that everytime there is a mass exstinction event new life forms arrise by evolving from sponges and moss? Or are you saying some lifeforms survive and recover faster in numbers because of sponges and moss?
the oxidation event 2.4 billion years ago, +/- .5 billion years, was the first and largest major mass extinction, period. if life had not found a way to adapt to that series of expungements caused by the overproduction of the deadly toxic and reactive gas molecule called oxygen, there'd have been no life to suffer any subsequent mass extinctions, and we wouldn't be here to discuss those extinctions. lucky us ...
It does. The Cambrian is a 'period' within the Paleozoic 'Era' which is part of the Phanerozoic 'Eon'. The Cambrian went from ~540 to ~485 million yrs ago, the Paleozoic went from 540 to 250 million years ago, and the Phanerzoic went from 540 million yrs ago to present (it is the current eon). Hope that helps! ;)
@@shexec32 nope, as I clarified at the beginning of the video, this is just called the first mass extinction as it is the first of the ‘big 5’ mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic eon (so post-Cambrian). As I mentioned, there were likely big extinction events throughout the Precambrian like during snowball earth events and certainly the EC transition, which I have multiple videos about, but we just cannot document or quantify them as well given the lack of fossil record of soft bodied organisms from the Precambrian. Hope that makes sense! :)
Wasn't the first mass extinction against the anaerobic species dominated Earth a result of the great oxygenation event (GOE) ~2.5 billion years ago? Wasn't it the arrival of cyanobacteria that transformed it all?
It's interesting that you point out other mass extinctions that occurred throughout Earth's history, but I wonder if all of those really qualify by the definition of mass extinction, which is 50% or more of all species? And what if there are only two species, perhaps some event that occurred long before the GOE? Only two species of life, and one goes extinct: mass extinction.
I'm not entirely sure it is an original idea but as machines become more lifelike they will mimic the organisms in a radically new type of ecosystem. Where computers are a type of bio-materialization to advanced life forms. So to speak.
You may have underestimated sponges. Your description gave the impression that they were not much differemt from slime molds; or maybe even simpler, since slime molds actually do something, while sponges seem not to. This might be true of some sponge species; or maybe not. Either way, I think the Octopus Lady might want to have a word with you: ruclips.net/video/85nki-YAGgQ/видео.htmlsi=_gEwuRxQ4-x1MphZ 💛
I’ve a good idea about speciation and how new species form (as much as a lay person would, I’d say). The graphs you show display the number of families identified in the fossil record. How would new families form (familiation?)? Setting aside the fact these are largely human heuristic categories, but is it just the rate of speciation and the…degree of change - leading to adequate difference in morphology as special occupy new ecological niches, enough to consider something a new family? Also, maybe talking about taxonomy and cladistics would be cool (I know, you’re GeoGirl, not BioGirl).
ICE AGE: Global impact: The hilarious animated movies Ice Age and Ice Age 2 came out. Bad news: You will slowly freeze to death. Good news: You can eat the snow.
I cleaned my apartment today. Kind of a “Mess Extinction”.
I’ll see myself out…
This video is perfect! You love talking about mass extinctions, and I love listening to you talk about mass extinctions. You do a great job walking us through the topic without resorting to undefined jargon, and your presentations keep getting more polished. You make it easy to lean something new, even for a layman. I appreciate these lectures very much.
Why do we care? 1) Change is interesting, and extinction events represent huge changes. 2) It helps us understand the robustness of life and its limits. 3) It helps us predict what will happen in our modern environments. 4) It gives insight into exobiology. 5) Life gives meaning to the world. The resilience of life is perhaps the most meaningful topic of all.
Thank you so much! So glad to hear that they seem more polished! I have been working to try and improve them more recently, so this is great news ;D
This world needs more people like you, who want to educate people, not confuse and misinform them. If we are to survive as a species, we need people to understand science and rely on it, not pretend that it does not exist. Thank you.
Agreed! 👍
Humans definitely won’t survive abrupt climate change
11:31 One really cool thing about sponges that's related to your point is that they're made up mostly of choanocytes, which are specialised cells with a flagellum (tail-like structure) that are used to move water through the sponge body for filter feeding. It turns out that there's a group of unicellular organisms that are very closely related to animals (basically the only difference is that they're unicellular) called choanoflagellates that are very similar to sponge choanocytes and even occasionally group into colonies. It's an awesome real-life example of what the transition from unicellular to multicellular life might've looked like!
Consistently excellent content and presentation. Thank you, Rachel, you're a Sagan-level science communicator. Well done!
First time here, only a minute or two in and LIKED and subscribed already! Hello community 👋
Thanks so much! :D
Hi Rachael:
Your thoughtful scholarship and your captivating stage presence on this medium are nothing short of magnificent.
Thank you for sharing and illuminating this fascinating topic with your inimitable style. 💎💯💚
Thanks again for a fascinating video, it's a prescient topic as you rightly point out but I would add it's worth learning and understanding these events in deep time and the evolution of life because well... It's just fascinating. So I owe you and other educators online a debt of gratitude for bringing me such knowledge!
Good to see such good young scientists.
Thank you for promoting science Dr.Rachel.
I can’t believe I listened to the whole video. I know nothing about your field and am truly impressed by your ability to keep me engaged and teach me something.
Just wanted to say that I love the graphic design of your presentation slides.
who knew there was a reason to envy the resilience of SPONGES! 🤔 thank you for an interesting lecture 👍☺
I've never really paid that much attention to the Ordovician... I've obviously been missing out!
I love that species diversity graph you keep showing in this video... a perfect summary of what was going on all through the Phanerozoic... nice!
Delightful. Thank you again.
Great angle; keep it up Rachel
Thank you Dr Phillips.
Thanks!
What do you think caused the cooling that triggered the first pulse of the Ordovician extinction event? What made it different from other cooling cycles? When I asked Google, it offered me a paper on GeoScienceWorld from 2020 called "Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia, not cooling and glaciation." It's too technical for me decipher, but but seems to point solely at warming from volcanism for both pulses and, in fact, blames warming for all five mass extinction events. A 2024 paper in Nature, on the other hand, blames cooling for 3 events and warming for only 2 events. This is why I value your summaries of new papers. I lack the context needed to discern what is reasonable and what is preposterous.
I have that video on the ordovician mass extinction that goes over the potential causes, so be sure to check that out (ruclips.net/video/DODZo8EgLg8/видео.html), but it was primarily the spread of non-vascular plants onto land, which increased carbon burial and thus, triggered cooling. There are other hypothesized causes/contributing factors, but this was the major change that occurred in the Ordovician and shifted climates rapidly. :)
Cool! I'll watch your Moss Extinction video next.
@@GEOGIRL
Or maybe because of more O2 in the atmosphere, because of those plants, creating a stronger ozone protection layer stopping more radiation from reaching the surface and therefore less deep penetration in the ocean of that energy and therefore cooling the oceans cooling the climate.
Glass sponges - silicon and carbon sit in the same column of the periodic table. It may be carbon that forms the molecules of life but silicon still has a role in forming some of life's mechanical structures. Life is amazing.
Cute dog in the sun next to the cute triceratops. Your sound is remarkably better, so I'm remarking on it.
Hey love seeing geology communicated so clearly. Was a pleasure to watch.
Hi Rachel, thanks for your interesting videos. (I somehow missed the one on killer mosses, but sure to check it out soon).
I’m not too sure, but it seemed that rate of recovery, in general, tended to be faster in the “modern’ time (post Mesozoic), other than maybe post Cambrian. Can’t tell much about the Proterozoic, but I suppose complexity of life would favor recovery (?).
Thanks!
I can listen to this for hours ❤ thank you!
Why does Ordovician sound like a bad Vegas act? “We are Ordovician! Good night!!”
But seriously, these presentations always blow my mind. I tend to get complacent in my life and to think of the time frames, the organisms who’vegobe extinct, and how life has recovered….
Thanks for being a science commentator!
The chart appearing around 05:30, in the GOBE (Great Ordo...), I like that a lot. I'd like to see more charts of that nature - depicting a measure of whether life was flourishing or not. I'd like to see one that includes arguably the 6th mee - present day planet Earth, for comparison.
Rachel 🎨,
Thank you for presenting this paper. Your video and the paper are both fascinating!
You chose perfect illustrations. Good job!
When it comes to the fossil record how many people are out there digging these up and cataloging them correctly? The more of these paleontology videos I watch on RUclips the more impressed I am by the fossil record throughout the world 🌎🌍.
The entire process confuses me. I guess for at least 200 years now, people have been digging holes around the world, then cataloging them, and making them available to a worldwide audience?
I mean pretty much yea! haha It is sometimes a bit difficult because sometimes paleontologists on different sides of the globe will find the same species but call it something different, so over the years, through a lot of literature reviews and better collaborations over time we have gone through and fixed little issues like this to make sure the fossil record is more coherent, but many holes obviously still exist, so there is a lot left to discover and catalog! :D
What surprises me is how geologists know where to look. That could be a topic in itself.
Also, incredibly, only about 1% of creatures are fossilized! And while we are pretty good at finding these caches, imagine how much of previous life is missed because of the specific conditions needed for fossilization to occur.
Really enjoyed this video, thank you. Love all the rocks in the background
I find it interesting the reconstructions are now showing diversity declining throughout the latter half of the Palaeozoic. Especially considering that era covered animal life moving onto land.
Great video! I always love your talks on mass extinctions.
Great video, really fascinating topic!
Ok. Now you've got me hooked and I will listen to all your Ordovician videos. Who knew the pre-Silurian could be all that interesting, but'Killer Moss', yeah, gotta to up to speed on them.
So enjoyed your video.
Love this!
Ahhh, a refreshing dive into life without theology. Thank you for that.
Well done, of course...I will be back!
Thank you very much - pretty interesting!
Causes of mass extinctions then:
Moss Extinctions (Moss)
Mash Extinctions (asteroids)
Mush Extinctions (volcanoes)
Huang = "Who-wong" (as one syllable), Shi = "Sure" (as in "sure, that's fine")
I prefer the IPA.
Very nice video! Mass extinctions are a very interesting topic, they have played a role in the evolution of complex life and shaped organisms as they exist today. In recent years, the idea that the Earth as the ideal model of a habitable planet has been challenged in the astrobiology community. It has been shown that there exist extrasolar planets that are more habitable than the Earth, the so-called "superhabitable planets". But on such superhabitable planets, life may never evolve beyond microbial life if geological perturbations or external perturbations like due to asteroid impacts don't have sufficiently large impacts in the climate to trigger mass extinctions.
Very interesting video. There’s an old saying “necessity is the mother of invention”. This is also true when it comes to extinction events. As new niches open, it leads to not only the surviving species expanding into those niches, but also leads to new species evolving to fit those niches. With each extinction comes new ages. From age of fish to age of reptiles to age of mammals. The interesting question to pose to your students if it be this. What niche do humans currently take that upon our extinction, other species can carve or evolve into? We all know what would happen if for example a certain prey or predator disappeared. But what would happen if humans disappeared? How important are we to the cycle of life and earth?
PS: Do you have a patron account?
Well covered.
good job. Notice you did not introduce the pup in the back. the work you did on this was very nice.
When you say sponges and microbial mats recover first, do they just re-occupy their previous niches? Or do undergo diversification/adaptive radiation to occupy new niches made available by the extinction of other species?
Firstly thanks for a superb video. The graph showing # genera Vs time makes the mass extinction events look like dips rather than wipeouts. During the video you state 85% of species were wiped out while the graph looks like less than 25% of genera. Are the remaining genera home to what you refer to as foundational organisms? Where some genera far more top heavy with species? or am I missing something else? I know that looks like a detail but doesn't the resilience of life rely, in part, on so many potential development paths remaining. Will now start watching the rest of your videos.
I love learning about the ancient past.
Fantastic !
Thanks
Happy reunion with your laptop 👍
This channel popped up on my phone today -- probably because the algorithm knows I enjoy deep-time history. I particularly enjoyed seeing the chart of the number of genera versus time, which was new to me.
Are fossils ephemeral on geological time scales, and if so would this graph include a correction factor for the greater difficulty in finding older fossils? At a guess, I'd think that a correction would be too hard to calculate and it's better to see the raw data.
Thank you for the book links -- I'm currently reading "Entangled Life", a combination of mycology and autobiography, which among other things discusses the synergy between fungi and plants in colonizing land.
Liked, subscribed, and commenting.
Eerie glee about a mass distinction!
Your hair looks great!
Thank you!
Aww ... Geo Girl got a dog!
Geo Pup
Post modern positivity: what can go right after the next mass extinction?
No further damaging activity from Homo sapiens
There is so much work done covering the meteor impact 66 million years ago that left a 100-mile crater and ended the reign of the dinosaurs.
But... what I'd really like to see is an equally detailed study of the immediate impact of the meteor that struck the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay 35 million years ago that left a 50-mile-wide crater there. The immediate effects must have been just as devastating to life in eastern North America, not to mention the tsunamis that must have raced across the Atlantic. I remember reading that a tsunami from that event may have even overtopped the Appalachian mountains, let alone wiped out all life along the eastern seaboard.
When life recovers, life does so from geographic pockets insulated or protected from each calamity. I often wonder where these refugia were? Madagascar has been a safe haven. So has Antarctica. Recent wildfires in Australia have shown that tiny mammals found local pockets of safety.
4:57. Idk why, but I find the fact that there was a time before plants so unsettling. Like, wdym earth was just bald?🤨
I am really interested in this video. I live on top of exposed Ordovician rock layers. The Saint Lawrence valley is full of trilobite fossils from the Ordovician.
Life is opportunistic. If there's a chance, life will eventually find a way.
That was interesting.
I always was told that the great oxygenation event was a very large mass extinction
Rachel Dear.........
(1) Approximately how many Mass Extinctions are suspected to have occured in addition to the 5 Major Extinctions since the beginning of Earth?
(2) Is it possible for Oxygen to have escaped from the Atmosphere through the Ozone Layer into Space?
(3) Why or WHY NOT to #2 Please?
THANK YOU for any input Rachel.
Fascinating stuff. Makes one curious what will earth produce after this extinction.
With ice sheets at the south pole, sea level falls .
When ice forms it expands, so how could the sea levels drop so much?
well said
Im a little bit confused here, are you suggesting that everytime there is a mass exstinction event new life forms arrise by evolving from sponges and moss? Or are you saying some lifeforms survive and recover faster in numbers because of sponges and moss?
Your lecture put Suki to sleep behind you.
Yea, she didn't seem to care much about this mass extinction!
Nice! Aren't we currently in a mass extinction? Have you done a video on that?
Correct and rapidly losing habitat for humans
500 million years is a damn long time.
How does manganese nodule electrolysis and oxygen production protect ecosystems that depend on this oxygen anyway?
the oxidation event 2.4 billion years ago, +/- .5 billion years, was the first and largest major mass extinction, period. if life had not found a way to adapt to that series of expungements caused by the overproduction of the deadly toxic and reactive gas molecule called oxygen, there'd have been no life to suffer any subsequent mass extinctions, and we wouldn't be here to discuss those extinctions.
lucky us ...
Unrelated to the real contents of the video, but where did you get light blue plush dinosaur in the background?
Haha shockingly I found that at Michaels (the craft store) :)
Are there estimates of the reduction in biomass? Thanks 🙂
“If you know me you know I love talking about mass extinctions” 😮
New hairstyle suits you Dr Rachel 👍🏽
❤
phanerozoic a new thing since I thought the cambrian fell under the paleozoic?
It does. The Cambrian is a 'period' within the Paleozoic 'Era' which is part of the Phanerozoic 'Eon'. The Cambrian went from ~540 to ~485 million yrs ago, the Paleozoic went from 540 to 250 million years ago, and the Phanerzoic went from 540 million yrs ago to present (it is the current eon). Hope that helps! ;)
@GEOGIRL thanks
First mass extinction??
Do geologists now believe that there was no mass extinction at the edicaran-cambrian boundary (near the cambrian explosion)?
@@shexec32 nope, as I clarified at the beginning of the video, this is just called the first mass extinction as it is the first of the ‘big 5’ mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic eon (so post-Cambrian). As I mentioned, there were likely big extinction events throughout the Precambrian like during snowball earth events and certainly the EC transition, which I have multiple videos about, but we just cannot document or quantify them as well given the lack of fossil record of soft bodied organisms from the Precambrian. Hope that makes sense! :)
A moss extinction event.
I broke my hand while looking for ordovician fossiles.😢
The Great Oxidation Event will always be, for me, the first Great Mass Extinction.
Edit: an e was missing.
Wasn't the first mass extinction against the anaerobic species dominated Earth a result of the great oxygenation event (GOE) ~2.5 billion years ago? Wasn't it the arrival of cyanobacteria that transformed it all?
It's interesting that you point out other mass extinctions that occurred throughout Earth's history, but I wonder if all of those really qualify by the definition of mass extinction, which is 50% or more of all species?
And what if there are only two species, perhaps some event that occurred long before the GOE? Only two species of life, and one goes extinct: mass extinction.
I'm not entirely sure it is an original idea but as machines become more lifelike they will mimic the organisms in a radically new type of ecosystem. Where computers are a type of bio-materialization to advanced life forms. So to speak.
What about the last video from Global Crisis ? 😲
You may have underestimated sponges. Your description gave the impression that they were not much differemt from slime molds; or maybe even simpler, since slime molds actually do something, while sponges seem not to. This might be true of some sponge species; or maybe not. Either way, I think the Octopus Lady might want to have a word with you:
ruclips.net/video/85nki-YAGgQ/видео.htmlsi=_gEwuRxQ4-x1MphZ
💛
❤❤❤❤
Wow. Am I the first to comment ? This has never happened to me before
Oh by the way. Great video. I love extinction videos
@ Thanks! So glad you enjoyed it :D (I love the extinction videos as well ;)
After the first mass extinction everyone was very mad.
Uno Mass Extinction video por favor! Hahaha I don't speak Spanish....
😎
I’ve a good idea about speciation and how new species form (as much as a lay person would, I’d say). The graphs you show display the number of families identified in the fossil record. How would new families form (familiation?)? Setting aside the fact these are largely human heuristic categories, but is it just the rate of speciation and the…degree of change - leading to adequate difference in morphology as special occupy new ecological niches, enough to consider something a new family?
Also, maybe talking about taxonomy and cladistics would be cool (I know, you’re GeoGirl, not BioGirl).
I'm a doomalist. You're a young lady after my own heart, but all my other daughters bankrupting me has left me with an urge to run. Good luck.
Nothing to worry about! It'll all come back, except we won't be here. 😜🤪
It seems the more basic the life form the better it's chances .
PUPPY
It's funny that Pan Spermia is a hypothesis but no one is getting dirty with viable Planets and moons.
😀
Talk about Mass Extinctions - you are cute enough to die for !
ICE AGE:
Global impact: The hilarious animated movies Ice Age and Ice Age 2 came out.
Bad news: You will slowly freeze to death.
Good news: You can eat the snow.