yeah and i wanted that Galileo's grandparent deserve it and also galileo greatparent deserve it from supporting galileo's grandparent that support galileo's father that he support galileo
Fascinating episode. Galileo's father was exceptionally enlightened for the period. Rather than exert parental authority and force his son to go into trade or medicine - he recognized that Galileo's interest and 'genius' lay in other directions, and conceded ... even though he instructed his friend to not let Galileo know he approved. In any case, thank you for an excellent and informative Biographic.
Michael Gamba Is that really true? Could you elaborate at all?... (Ignore my inquiry if it’s too much of a tall order, okay? I’m the one being selfish here).
"I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their use." -Galileo Galilei
yes... many falsely believe that Galileo renounced God... But that is completely false. He was just against the Catholic church interpretation of the bible.
Galileo was the beginning of proving we aren't the center of the universe. Darwin was the beginning of proving evolution. And today everyone has the resources to learn the true origins of biblical myths and compare it to history and modern science.
@@Amidat THE MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL PROOF THAT E=MC2 IS DIMENSIONALLY CONSISTENT WITH ONE AND WHAT IS A TWO DIMENSIONAL SURFACE OR SPACE ON BALANCE, THEREBY PROVING THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY PROVEN TO BE GRAVITY (ON/IN BALANCE): This also clearly proves ON balance that E=mc2 is directly taken from F=ma. Magnificent. Gravity is a property of SPACE ON BALANCE. It involves adherence or cohesion. So, BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is fundamental ON BALANCE. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Consider what is the man who IS standing on what is THE EARTH/ground (ON BALANCE). What is the blue sky ON BALANCE? This IS the blue EARTH AS this is expressed on balance WITH (or equivalently by) what is the eye. The translucent AND blue sky is consistent with what is BALANCED BODILY/VISUAL (AND electromagnetic/gravitational) EXPERIENCE ON BALANCE, as touch AND feeling BLEND; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND necessarily) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). GREAT. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE, AND consider what is the speed of light (c) ON BALANCE !! Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. E=mc2 IS F=ma ON BALANCE, AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND necessarily) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). The tides are CLEARLY and necessarily proven to be electroMAGNETIC/gravitational ON BALANCE. I have also CLEARLY explained (ON BALANCE) why THE PLANETS move away very, very, very, very slightly in relation to WHAT IS THE SUN !! I have explained why WHAT IS THE EYE beholds what is then (ON BALANCE) WHAT IS THE BLUE EARTH. Notice the associated black “space” AND DOME regarding what is the eye. Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Very carefully consider what is THE SUN ON BALANCE !! E=mc2 IS F=ma. Again, I have proven AND explained why the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. Gravity cannot be shielded (or blocked) ON BALANCE. What is quantum gravity is CLEARLY fundamental ON BALANCE. Gravity is CLEARLY fundamental ON BALANCE. BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is fundamental ON BALANCE. Define “mass". You cannot. BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is fundamental. E=mc2 is taken directly from F=ma. CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky !! Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. GREAT. You have to CLEARLY AND fully understand what E=mc2 means and represents ON BALANCE. We want to understand the dimensions in a seamless (or balanced) fashion in relation to gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy (including what is E=mc2). Consider one AND three dimensional SPACE ON BALANCE. Consider what is the fourth dimension ON BALANCE. NOW, consider all of the following. Consider what is E=mc2. CLEARLY, you have to understand what is a TWO dimensional surface OR SPACE ON BALANCE. c squared CLEARLY represents BALANCED acceleration in conjunction WITH what is NECESSARILY a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE, AND consider what is the speed of light (c) ON BALANCE. This CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Carefully consider what is THE EYE ON BALANCE. Great. Consider what is gravity AND E=mc2 ON BALANCE. TIME dilation ULTIMATELY proves (ON BALANCE) that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE; AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, it makes perfect sense that THE PLANETS (including WHAT IS THE EARTH) will move away very, very, very slightly in relation to what is THE SUN !!! ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE. Inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY, as this balances gravity AND inertia; AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. GREAT. By Frank DiMeglio
Galileo didn't invent the telescope. A Dutch lensman, Hans Lippershey did. Galileo just improved the hell out of Lippershey's design by grinding his own lenses to such a fine degree that his telescope's magnification was 10x that of Lippershey's.
@ Paul Graddon Yes and no. The biggest flaw of having weaker lenses is that they don't compensate for or overcome atmospheric distortion. There are plenty of amateur vids on RUclips posted by yoyos who don't know how to focus a telescope (especially YECs and flat earthers) that show excellent examples of this distortion.
Correct. Galileo also made a lot of money by selling his telescopes to the military so that they could see ships approaching from much farther out at sea.
That’s what I love about these videos. I’ve watched hours of documentaries about Galileo, but Ive still learned lots of new and interesting things watching this. Brilliant, massive thumbs up.
I mean if you don't listen in class that's entirely on you. Sure, bad teachers (and bad schools) do exist but in 18 years? There's no one else to blame but yourself if that's the case.
@@-sanju- the American school system doesn’t teach all the stuff that Simon shows on his channels I think is what they meant. In the American school system, the lessons can be a bit repetitive.
@@ardenalexa94why would an American history class, especially a general one, dive as deep into a person’s biography as this? It’s extremely interesting and I love learning it but it shouldn’t be standard curriculum
Hello! Love the channel and wanted to say thank you for producing such high quality, smart content. Ps this is an odd bit of praise but I adore how wonderfully conscientious the sponsors segment is to story. It provides a nice pause to digest the first part of the story. Just another nod to the amount of thought put into the show.
Great video, as always 👌🏼 I see many parallels to Galileo and the age he lived in, to today. Many experts being silenced for heresy (misinformation in today’s lingo) for having different ideas. We don’t learn and progress if we all think the exact same things..
I get a kick out of these bios! You do a great job, and you have a terrific voice. I put you in league with Robert Powell. If you're not familiar with him, a british actor who narrated Hitler's Bodyguard and much more. Very glad I came across your channel.
Galileo was the beginning of proving we aren't the center of the universe, Darwin was the beginning of proving evolution, and today everyone has the resources to learn the true origins of biblical myths and compare it to history and modern science. What a time to be alive.
Galileo isn’t just a great scientist but it’s an example on how bias is important in science. He tried to calculate the speed of light and when he couldn’t he didn’t say that light speed was infinite he just said that the speed could be extreme, but when he saw a comet he said that because he couldn’t measure the parallax it was an optical illusion like a rainbow even though it could just be because the comet was far away.
Simon U just want to say I'm soooo happy you called pronounced Medici "Me Di Chi".. in your earlier videos you were pronouncing that famous family "Me Di Si".. Such a auditory relieif :)
Thanks, John. You caught that error too. Sometimes I think Simon cranks out videos so quickly that he does not have time to check what he is reading. I have a background in history and his videos frequently have minor, historical mistakes in them.
One thing that wasn’t mentioned that Galileo was teaching heliocentric model without any evidence. He was asked repeatedly to produce evidence why he couldn’t. It was during his last years that he was able to develop evidence for the capermicun model
"This stubborn refusal to accept empirical evidence that overturns long-entrenched views is something that Galileo was going to contend with for the rest of his life." Yeah, not just Galileo, but everyone else who can accurately demonstrate how and why an old concept or model is flawed faces this kind of resistance. It's sad, really.
No coincidence that the Christians use the term “Lucifer” (light-bearer) as a synonym for “devil”. Religious thinking can never stand to have too much light shed on it.
3 years late but galileo was arrogant and was given many chances, he later would propose a debate with arguments for both sides but it was clear he favoured the copernican model, galileo was also given a slap on the wrist having never been tortured or imprisoned in a dungeon but rather in his own home
This may sound silly, but I never realised that Galileo had such backlash from the catholic church... mostly because I had no idea that the church had such beliefs about being the centre of the universe. It makes sense now looking back, but I just found this very interesting, yet unsurprising! Also, a biographic on Charles Bukowski and Saul Bass would be fantastic! Thanks for your work
A correction: Galileo did not observe phases of Mars and Jupiter (which are outside the Earth's orbit and always seen practically face-on), but of Venus, which is inside the Earth's orbit and exhibits a full set of phases. Mercury does too, but I don't know if he ever saw them
One of the greatest mind in the history of mankind. Galileo is carved into the history of science. Many thanks to this man that ignited our scientific world that was directly responsible for many great scientists that followed into his footstep. If not mistakenly hold back by the church, he definitely could have contributed a lot more to humanity and science. A Great Man!
Excellent Galileo's brief biography. Obs.: Discovery about acceleration and free fall was made during the imprisionment so that he never climbed the Pisa Tower to carry out the experiment. As he was in prison, he observed this phenomenon on inclined planes. The same ones we studied in high school.
Shout out to Galileo's father, Vincenzo‼️💯 SO OFTEN that we see a talented person held back, and kept from reaching their potential. He was a great man for realizing Galileo's potential for him, and allowing him to follow his passions. The rest of the world, and many generations of human beings since are eternally grateful for Galileo, as well as his Father for not forcing him to be a wool trader. We have been looking at the stars ever since, I wonder how much longer it would've taken to make these important discoveries‼️💯
Great video, the only thing I would say is that the total idea of a telescope was not invented by Galileo but it is reasonable to argue that his contributions to the telescopes of that era are momentous.
I always imagined that Galileo would smile eternally at the thought of his right middle finger being exposed in Italy, posthumously flipping the bird to all the institution who wronged him in life.
Worth mentioning Jacob Bronowski’s classic 1973 documentary series on the history of science, _The Ascent Of Man_ . May seem a bit old now, but he’s still fascinating as a presenter. Episode 6 dealt in part with Galileo. Bronowski visits the actual room where Galileo was tried--it had been turned into a post office by that time. He was also granted access to the secret Vatican archive where a remarkable series of historical documents are kept, including the (in)famous divorce application by Henry VIII of England, the refusal of which led to the foundation of the Church of England. While the trial of Galileo took place in 1633, the dossier collected on him by the Inquisition starts as far back as 1611. There was also claimed to be a document (never produced at the trial) which was supposed to prohibit him from teaching geocentrism. Bronowski found that document in the archive, and it was at best an unfinished draft which was rejected, or at worst, a complete forgery. As part of Galileo’s sentence, besides the recantation and the house arrest, he was also to be shown the instruments of torture. You can imagine the effect on a scholar, a man unused to physical abuses, such a display would have.
@@WhompingWalrus naw man I'm not...english-ist,I like a bunch of folk from beyond the pond! I'm just weird and imagined him with his typical vocal cadence,wide vocabulary, dramatic pauses, dry humor and wit explaining say,how my laser spy pen works and joking about how I might go about fucking myself up with it or something...lol.
I am American though and English ppl tend to sound extra smart to me. The accent implies intelligence,nobility,and refined sensibilities to me.cant exactly say why I think that...maybe movies and TV...Ive never met a British person in my 38 years of life now that I think of it...lol.
@@lisakaz35 Yes, and a reference to Mozart's classical opera The Marriage of Figaro. Mercury was a big fan of Opera. It is all connected, which is the reason why it is one of the best songs ever written.
I've always thought it interesting that Aristotle had a theory about the independent speed of mass, without having ever having quantified it via simple study (like Galileo did).
And to calculate the velocity you take "Time" which is Galileo, took the same time for objects to fall, and distance which we don't care.... if time is constant.
Jai D When my kids were little we went to see a Scooby doo movie it was terrible , when the snuck into the hideout of the bad guy they discovered he had all the writings of Aleister Crowley what a bazar thing to put in a kids movie
Why can’t we fully appreciate genius during the teacher’s lifetime. Instead we sling rocks, bows and arrows when all they’re trying to do is enlighten us. Humans can be a savage bunch.
@@pokerani99 Are you talking about the 'religion' that was pivotal in academia and became the hub of it during the dark ages? They accepted and taught Aristotle ,Ptolemy and other great philosophers. Gregor Mendel who is the father of genetics was a monk for crying out loud. All around the world, scientific societies would dismiss new ideas that would go against the established. Megalodon? Newton's ideas? etc. People suffered persecution because of their religious beliefs as well, so the new culture of ignoring the nuances of history and humanity and pinning EVERY bad thing on religion is ignorant. There was and is still more at play in these situations... human ambitions and ego.
Akenna _ Aristotle was put to death because he questioned the religion, the Middle East which birthed a lot of the mathematical and scientific advances stagnated because in Islam the manipulation of numbers is the work of the devil. Im not pinning everything bad in religion but I am saying that other than the printing press and the very defiance of the Bible by Gregor Mendel, religion has contributed to more 9/11s and holocaust than to the advancement of the human race
@@pokerani99 Wait, how did Gregor Mendel defy the Bible? Because there's not much in the Bible about genetics, but the few there is support inheritance. He didn't quit being a monk even after his discoveries, so can you enlighten me on that? You really are pinning every bad thing on religion(even after saying "not to pin every bad thing in religion), and totally forgetting everything I said about nuances, human egos and people using idealogies for their own benefits. The scientific communities themselves often dismissed new discoveries because of egos and competition. If feels better blaming religion for "more 9/11s than human advancement" because reality is much more complex than that. Even Jesus was killed, not by an ideology which supports murder, but by the egos of the priests. Islam didn't shun the advancement of knowledge in the ways you described, and if you would admit it, the Catholic Church is like a political institution, more than a religious one, as they have constantly indulged in practices that goes against the very teachings they are supposed to be representing. Most Christians know this. Your point about being a monk as the only way to live a comfortable life isn't entirely true either, as monks were supposed to withdraw themselves from living anything resembling lavish(absolutely comfortable) lives. Most of you talk about 'humanity's progress' like that is only caused by science, forgetting that for a long time, religion was the moral compass and disciplinary entity of humanity. It gave humanity hope, belongingness, reason for life and to fight on and all the other things which isn't spoken about too often because "religion bad"(eg. Religious people (true ones) are kinder, more charitable, more disciplined and happier than their non religious counterparts). Now there are differences in religious ideologies, but remember that the terrible nature of man will still find a way to exploit his fellow man, with or without religion just as science itself had been used for that in history.
@boson96 Actually no. Look at the examples I cited with the megalodon or Newton or Keppler and even Galileo himself. They received a LOT of opposition in the scientific communities themselves even with proof, because of egos and competition. They also clung to their accepted theories. Even the theory of biogenesis took some time to get accepted even with proof and credible observations because changing already established theories were hard back then, and not entirely because of religion. Also, a lot of people learned to read and write without being monks. The Catholic Church, though they manipulated the scriptures to suit their agendas(hence protestantism) which resulted in witch-hunts and all the other stuff, had monasteries which helped the poor and established educational institutions. As a person who is in the field of science, I am very happy new ideas are accepted more easier now, but even then, there is still some difficulty and opposition, so stop seing science as this beacon of perfection. I'm not saying religion is perfect. Of course no ideology/institution practiced or run by humans is ever going to be perfect, but people who keep on spreading your narrative usually forget the nuances and also forget how A LOT of non religiously motivated atrocities have been committed all throughout human history as well, far outnumbering the religiously motivated ones (islam is moreso a political ideology than a religion, if I'm being honest, but still...). The world wars for example.
Very nice, Simon. Now that you have a good following I would like you to suggest to illustrators who work on history books to NOT draw Christopher Columbus discovering America while peering through a telescope. The telescope was invented about 100 years AFTER Columbus found the New World. Thank you and keep up the good work.
For some reason I've always held the belief Galileo was from 1400-ish. I'm sort of stunned to find out he was actually from the 17th. Century. That's like just three hundred years ago, the heliocentic system was in vogue!
That was very interesting. Dava Sobel's book "Galileo's Daughter" describes what life was like for Galileo's 2 daughters who were confined in the poverty and boredom of a convent because they were illegitimate.
When I was 9 years old my mother bought me a VERY cheap telescope for Christmas so I could watch the stars. I thought I would be the next Galileo. 18 years later and I'm now an unemployed university dropout with a diploma in screenwriting from a folk high school (which means nothing in my country, I might as well say that I'm a qualified air breather), riddled in debt and sitting here drinking Celsius Fitness Drink... It is kinda funny how many of the pioneers in the creative arts where dropouts with a lot of debt and seen as people just wasting their lives. Don't get me wrong, I don't see myself as a genius or a future pioneer, but it is a comfort, and a bit funny, that I at least managed to get that far.
The math you learn in school is the most dull, dreary, obfuscating, monotonous, horribly taught, material I could possibly conjure up. Honestly, the school curriculum in US is what I would come up with if I maliciously and purposely wanted people to hate math. To find some love for it, search up some number theory, Euler's formula, graph theory, convex geometry; these are just the earliest and most ancient of the gems of mathematics. I'm sorry for your and everyone else's horrible experience with math in school. Sincerely, an aspiring number theorist ;)
16:22 The Venetians used telescopes as a strategic weapon. Whoever was first to identify approaching ships coming back with trade goods from overseas ports had an advantage in bidding for those goods. This advantage translated into real money.
What Galileo actually saw were the phases of Venus, not Mars or Jupiter. They don't have phases since they are further away from the sun than Earth. The most interesting thing is, in true scientific spirit, the phases of Venus were actually predicted to exist if the Sun was the center of the solar system.
I remember visiting my mother's village back in Italy. Tiny place in Friuli Venezia Giulia. I took a walk, out where the fields were and there was a road named "via Galileo Galilei" and it really didn't seem like the right reward for his efforts 😄
Thank you Brilliant for making this possible! Check out Brilliant here: brilliant.org/biographics
Marcus Gravey
Your videos restore my soul. Please consider smaller frames, so as to enhance your lovely face. Thank you.
It was just fantastic.
How about Sir William Osler biography??
Would you do a video on Mustafa Kemal Ataturk?
Douglas MacArthur?
I love how Galileo's father Vincenzo also goes down in history as one man who would really have deserved a mug that read "World's Best Dad"
Seriously! and the New Balances
I agree!
@@CRYSHAH me too
Agreed
You have to give credit to Galileo's father! Like how many parents are so supportive of their children's desires? Especially in that era!
Mozart's father.
yeah and i wanted that Galileo's grandparent deserve it and also galileo greatparent deserve it from supporting galileo's grandparent that support galileo's father that he support galileo
Trismegistus - Mozart's father treated Mozart like a circus monkey lol.
True.... He encouraged his child's pursuits because he'd already observed his child's strengths... Great parenting...
No duuh Galileo was gifted and childrens desires are self destructive
Fascinating episode. Galileo's father was exceptionally enlightened for the period. Rather than exert parental authority and force his son to go into trade or medicine - he recognized that Galileo's interest and 'genius' lay in other directions, and conceded ... even though he instructed his friend to not let Galileo know he approved. In any case, thank you for an excellent and informative Biographic.
great video once again and man the one thing I gotta say is that Galileo's father is a great example of some a+ parenting
It's unfortunate he didn't treat his own children with the same respect. Locked then up in a convent FFS!
But, he did take in his youngest brother's wife and six children! His little brother was a good musical composer but a bit of a dead-beat.
@@Wallyworld30 I dont think they were left with much choice back then
@@michaelgamba7674 found the descendant of Galileo's girlfriend, Marina Gamba.
Michael Gamba Is that really true? Could you elaborate at all?... (Ignore my inquiry if it’s too much of a tall order, okay? I’m the one being selfish here).
Galileo’s dad seems like a great dad and a great guy
You might enjoy the book, Galileo's Daughter, by Dava Sobel
You speak the truth
"I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their use."
-Galileo Galilei
yes... many falsely believe that Galileo renounced God... But that is completely false. He was just against the Catholic church interpretation of the bible.
Amen ❤️🙏
You might enjoy the book, Galileo's Daughter, by Dava Sobel.
Galileo was the beginning of proving we aren't the center of the universe.
Darwin was the beginning of proving evolution.
And today everyone has the resources to learn the true origins of biblical myths and compare it to history and modern science.
@@Amidat THE MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL PROOF THAT E=MC2 IS DIMENSIONALLY CONSISTENT WITH ONE AND WHAT IS A TWO DIMENSIONAL SURFACE OR SPACE ON BALANCE, THEREBY PROVING THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY PROVEN TO BE GRAVITY (ON/IN BALANCE):
This also clearly proves ON balance that E=mc2 is directly taken from F=ma. Magnificent.
Gravity is a property of SPACE ON BALANCE. It involves adherence or cohesion. So, BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is fundamental ON BALANCE. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Consider what is the man who IS standing on what is THE EARTH/ground (ON BALANCE). What is the blue sky ON BALANCE? This IS the blue EARTH AS this is expressed on balance WITH (or equivalently by) what is the eye. The translucent AND blue sky is consistent with what is BALANCED BODILY/VISUAL (AND electromagnetic/gravitational) EXPERIENCE ON BALANCE, as touch AND feeling BLEND; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND necessarily) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). GREAT. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE, AND consider what is the speed of light (c) ON BALANCE !! Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. E=mc2 IS F=ma ON BALANCE, AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND necessarily) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). The tides are CLEARLY and necessarily proven to be electroMAGNETIC/gravitational ON BALANCE. I have also CLEARLY explained (ON BALANCE) why THE PLANETS move away very, very, very, very slightly in relation to WHAT IS THE SUN !! I have explained why WHAT IS THE EYE beholds what is then (ON BALANCE) WHAT IS THE BLUE EARTH. Notice the associated black “space” AND DOME regarding what is the eye. Again, the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Very carefully consider what is THE SUN ON BALANCE !! E=mc2 IS F=ma. Again, I have proven AND explained why the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution.
Gravity cannot be shielded (or blocked) ON BALANCE. What is quantum gravity is CLEARLY fundamental ON BALANCE. Gravity is CLEARLY fundamental ON BALANCE. BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is fundamental ON BALANCE.
Define “mass". You cannot. BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is fundamental.
E=mc2 is taken directly from F=ma. CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky !! Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE. GREAT.
You have to CLEARLY AND fully understand what E=mc2 means and represents ON BALANCE.
We want to understand the dimensions in a seamless (or balanced) fashion in relation to gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy (including what is E=mc2). Consider one AND three dimensional SPACE ON BALANCE. Consider what is the fourth dimension ON BALANCE. NOW, consider all of the following.
Consider what is E=mc2. CLEARLY, you have to understand what is a TWO dimensional surface OR SPACE ON BALANCE. c squared CLEARLY represents BALANCED acceleration in conjunction WITH what is NECESSARILY a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE, AND consider what is the speed of light (c) ON BALANCE. This CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Carefully consider what is THE EYE ON BALANCE. Great. Consider what is gravity AND E=mc2 ON BALANCE.
TIME dilation ULTIMATELY proves (ON BALANCE) that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE; AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Accordingly, ON BALANCE, it makes perfect sense that THE PLANETS (including WHAT IS THE EARTH) will move away very, very, very slightly in relation to what is THE SUN !!! ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE. Inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY, as this balances gravity AND inertia; AS E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma ON BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. GREAT.
By Frank DiMeglio
Galileo Galilei, still giving the finger to this very day!
Doctor Picard nononono
Ah, that was a good one mate
Beat me to it!
That is a good one. And yeah, the person who took that finger had to know what they were doing with that.
Yo lowkey makes him a historical troll to lol
That particular finger should have been donated to the Vatican more than the Galileo Museum
Galileo didn't invent the telescope. A Dutch lensman, Hans Lippershey did.
Galileo just improved the hell out of Lippershey's design by grinding his own lenses to such a fine degree that his telescope's magnification was 10x that of Lippershey's.
Correct. Galileo also invented the use of the telescope as an astronomical instrument.
And it doesn't really affect how stars look, they're just too far away.
Planets, the moon , or star clusters etc.... much clearer.
@Mr Gus Or at least, Galileo was the first to actually record and publish his observations.
@ Paul Graddon Yes and no. The biggest flaw of having weaker lenses is that they don't compensate for or overcome atmospheric distortion. There are plenty of amateur vids on RUclips posted by yoyos who don't know how to focus a telescope (especially YECs and flat earthers) that show excellent examples of this distortion.
Correct. Galileo also made a lot of money by selling his telescopes to the military so that they could see ships approaching from much farther out at sea.
Oooo been waiting for this one. Didnt know if you'd do it
0:50 - Chapter 1 - Beginnings
4:00 - Chapter 2 - Higher education
5:30 - Chapter 3 - Galileo the mathematician
6:50 - Chapter 4 - Practical applications
8:10 - Chapter 5 - University professor
10:05 - Mid roll ads
11:20 - Chapter 6 - Making enemies
13:50 - Chapter 7 - Galileo the astronomer
15:40 - Chapter 8 - Growing fame
17:50 - Chapter 9 - Growing opposition
20:45 - Chapter 10 - Inquisition
23:05 - Chapter 11 - The last years
Damn, his father really knew how to encourage his son and knowing people. Now thats a man I commend!
You redeemed yourself with the correct pronunciation of medici, well done! Great video +1
Fourside yL how else is it supposed to be pronounced?
@@wyattwatterud3099 i think in the video about michelangelo he repeatedly pronunciated it "medisi" , comments there went wild on simon :)
But -1 for botching "Padua"
Well...no. It's Mèdici, not Medìci. But great video nonetheless
there's not one italian name that has not been butchered.
That’s what I love about these videos. I’ve watched hours of documentaries about Galileo, but Ive still learned lots of new and interesting things watching this. Brilliant, massive thumbs up.
Watch Cosmic Sceptics video - It's much better! (Even though he's an atheist apologist!) ;-)
I learn more from you than 18 years of history classes. Thank you.
That’s a very sad truth.
You might enjoy the book, Galileo's Daughter, by Dava Sobel
I mean if you don't listen in class that's entirely on you. Sure, bad teachers (and bad schools) do exist but in 18 years? There's no one else to blame but yourself if that's the case.
@@-sanju- the American school system doesn’t teach all the stuff that Simon shows on his channels I think is what they meant. In the American school system, the lessons can be a bit repetitive.
@@ardenalexa94why would an American history class, especially a general one, dive as deep into a person’s biography as this? It’s extremely interesting and I love learning it but it shouldn’t be standard curriculum
Galileo had a bloody fantastic dad, wonderful parenting and my main take away from the video. Thanks
Galileo’s father was an amazing parent! This is a great video😊
Yes
Read 'Galileo's Daughter'. ...A remarkable exposé of Galileo the man, rather than Galileo the historical figure.
You might enjoy the book, Galileo's Daughter, by Dava Sobel
I love to hear Simon speak.
Please do a video on Carl Jung as well as Freud you did an excellent job on this video
My favorite hero in a half shell.
The way you made it sound so interesting! I love it! I did not want to study, but listening to you helped me a lot with my assignment! Thank you ❤
Hello! Love the channel and wanted to say thank you for producing such high quality, smart content.
Ps this is an odd bit of praise but I adore how wonderfully conscientious the sponsors segment is to story. It provides a nice pause to digest the first part of the story. Just another nod to the amount of thought put into the show.
Thanks to Jennifer, Steve, and Shell as well. Great work!
Great video, as always 👌🏼 I see many parallels to Galileo and the age he lived in, to today. Many experts being silenced for heresy (misinformation in today’s lingo) for having different ideas. We don’t learn and progress if we all think the exact same things..
Thank you for this programme
I get a kick out of these bios! You do a great job, and you have a terrific voice. I put you in league with Robert Powell. If you're not familiar with him, a british actor who narrated Hitler's Bodyguard and much more. Very glad I came across your channel.
Galileo was the beginning of proving we aren't the center of the universe, Darwin was the beginning of proving evolution, and today everyone has the resources to learn the true origins of biblical myths and compare it to history and modern science.
What a time to be alive.
Loving this one. Thank you Sir.
Galileo isn’t just a great scientist but it’s an example on how bias is important in science. He tried to calculate the speed of light and when he couldn’t he didn’t say that light speed was infinite he just said that the speed could be extreme, but when he saw a comet he said that because he couldn’t measure the parallax it was an optical illusion like a rainbow even though it could just be because the comet was far away.
Could you please cover gregor mendle the monk who revolutionised genetics
And who probably, shall we say, “tweaked” his evidence just a little bit.
On reading the thumbnail i had to strongly resist breaking out with ‘🎼 Figaro, magnifico, oh-oh-oh’
Simon U just want to say I'm soooo happy you called pronounced Medici "Me Di Chi".. in your earlier videos you were pronouncing that famous family "Me Di Si".. Such a auditory relieif :)
i cant get enough!! i love learning how things were figured out back in the day. lol
Thanks for all the videos! I´ve been binge-watching/listening and love it! :)
Love the fact that he's giving the eternal middle finger in a museum somewhere😂
Yessssssss!!! Take that Medeival Catholic Church with all of its superstitions & misinformation...
😂
This was really interesting. It blows up some of the things I learned in school, and really adds a lot to who the man was.
Um, Jupiter and Mars don't have phases. You're thinking of Venus and Mercury.
Exactly! I backed the video up to see if the CC had corrected it, but no, it also said Jupiter and Mars.
Thanks, John. You caught that error too. Sometimes I think Simon cranks out videos so quickly that he does not have time to check what he is reading. I have a background in history and his videos frequently have minor, historical mistakes in them.
@@davidbdukes
I backed the video up to see if I heard it correctly. Then I thought how could anyone think that could be even possible?
You God damn right, mr Heisenberg
@@davidkugel
Ok. You make the video next time, lol
One thing that wasn’t mentioned that Galileo was teaching heliocentric model without any evidence. He was asked repeatedly to produce evidence why he couldn’t. It was during his last years that he was able to develop evidence for the capermicun model
"This stubborn refusal to accept empirical evidence that overturns long-entrenched views is something that Galileo was going to contend with for the rest of his life."
Yeah, not just Galileo, but everyone else who can accurately demonstrate how and why an old concept or model is flawed faces this kind of resistance. It's sad, really.
No coincidence that the Christians use the term “Lucifer” (light-bearer) as a synonym for “devil”. Religious thinking can never stand to have too much light shed on it.
@@lawrencedoliveiro9104 Galileo held on to his faith in God.
Galileo's initial evidence for his theory was complete garbage, which is why they told him not to teach that stuff in classes.
@@lawrencedoliveiro9104 This makes no sense when you remember that Jesus is also referred to as the light.
3 years late but galileo was arrogant and was given many chances, he later would propose a debate with arguments for both sides but it was clear he favoured the copernican model, galileo was also given a slap on the wrist having never been tortured or imprisoned in a dungeon but rather in his own home
This may sound silly, but I never realised that Galileo had such backlash from the catholic church... mostly because I had no idea that the church had such beliefs about being the centre of the universe. It makes sense now looking back, but I just found this very interesting, yet unsurprising!
Also, a biographic on Charles Bukowski and Saul Bass would be fantastic! Thanks for your work
On a side note...Hearing Galileo Galilee over and over is definitely an experience
A correction: Galileo did not observe phases of Mars and Jupiter (which are outside the Earth's orbit and always seen practically face-on), but of Venus, which is inside the Earth's orbit and exhibits a full set of phases. Mercury does too, but I don't know if he ever saw them
I went to Florence once, getting flipped the bird by Galileo was the highlight of my trip!
Thank you, I have been wondering what else he did. Now I find him even more fascinating.
One of the greatest mind in the history of mankind. Galileo is carved into the history of science. Many thanks to this man that ignited our scientific world that was directly responsible for many great scientists that followed into his footstep. If not mistakenly hold back by the church, he definitely could have contributed a lot more to humanity and science. A Great Man!
Couldn't have put it any better myself.
Religion will always hold back progress because progress is the key to the shackle of ignorance
Excellent Galileo's brief biography.
Obs.: Discovery about acceleration and free fall was made during the imprisionment so that he never climbed the Pisa Tower to carry out the experiment. As he was in prison, he observed this phenomenon on inclined planes. The same ones we studied in high school.
This guy did so many things, but the Telescope was EPIC.
Shout out to Galileo's father, Vincenzo‼️💯 SO OFTEN that we see a talented person held back, and kept from reaching their potential. He was a great man for realizing Galileo's potential for him, and allowing him to follow his passions. The rest of the world, and many generations of human beings since are eternally grateful for Galileo, as well as his Father for not forcing him to be a wool trader. We have been looking at the stars ever since, I wonder how much longer it would've taken to make these important discoveries‼️💯
16th century University entrance is basically the same as now
To th Ivy ones.. connections clear conduits..
Far from it. Stop talking yourself out of success.
Great video, the only thing I would say is that the total idea of a telescope was not invented by Galileo but it is reasonable to argue that his contributions to the telescopes of that era are momentous.
Video on Jimi Hendrix?..
Agreed. Very few musicians have been analyzed thus far.
I see Jaco Pastorius's life more interesting, but a bio on Hendrix will do.
I don't know much about Galileo but I do know that he has the coolest name I've ever heard
when you think about it, his father deserves way more credit
For what?
What a wonderful and open minded father.
Very enjoyable biography. I'm glad you made it longer than your norm. (Also amusing to hear several correct pronunciations.)
The day I have to do a Galileo essay in history, Biographics posts a biography of Galileo, this is helpful
Wait what what what what WHAT WHAT
*WHY* did my music history class never mention Galileo's music involvement?????? I feel cheated. *CHEATED!*
Everyone knows about Galileo's musical biography. He was just a poor boy, from a poor family. Spare him his life for this monstrosity.
@@jbtechcon7434 bwahahahahahahahaha
My favourite channel on You Tube..I enjoy every video ...well done Biographics
You got his name wrong. Everyone knows his real name was Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Galileo Figaro Magnifico.
I see a little silhouetto of a man
Scaramouch, Scaramouch will you do the Fandango
Thunderbolt and lightning very very frightening me
Well he was a poor boy and nobody loved him.
@fjf sjdnx Bismillah! Did they let him go?
@@samsignorelli Let him go,Oh,Oh,Oh oh! Easy comes Easy goes..
He killed a man, we will never let him go!
The amazing thing for me is it took 16 centuries for someone to test Aristotle's theory on different weighted objects falling.
“Who even was Galileo?!” (Bohemian Rhapsody)
Bismillah we'll not let you go!
I think you missed about 99% of the video if the only thing you remember is the reference from the Queen song...
@@pop5678eye pop, it's a referanced to a movie,.
Learned a lot of new facts about him. I enjoyed this.
At 22 I spend hours onRUclips instead of inventing stuff and writing dissertations 😂😂
😂smart guy😂
Well if you ever write it at least it's easy to publish it to youtube!
Just learn, then use.
Well done thank you.
Galileo Galileo!
Galileo Galileo!
Galileo Figaro!
Magnifico!
lol
Why do I always have to watch these vidios twice, Simon? You`re rushing forward at the speed of light, so many details and no time to think`em over.
I always imagined that Galileo would smile eternally at the thought of his right middle finger being exposed in Italy, posthumously flipping the bird to all the institution who wronged him in life.
That man has been laughing nonstop for the last 500 some years
Great video! How about Copernicus next?
Tupac Shakur Biography would be sick. Enjoyed this one, Galileo my man.
Worth mentioning Jacob Bronowski’s classic 1973 documentary series on the history of science, _The Ascent Of Man_ . May seem a bit old now, but he’s still fascinating as a presenter. Episode 6 dealt in part with Galileo. Bronowski visits the actual room where Galileo was tried--it had been turned into a post office by that time. He was also granted access to the secret Vatican archive where a remarkable series of historical documents are kept, including the (in)famous divorce application by Henry VIII of England, the refusal of which led to the foundation of the Church of England.
While the trial of Galileo took place in 1633, the dossier collected on him by the Inquisition starts as far back as 1611. There was also claimed to be a document (never produced at the trial) which was supposed to prohibit him from teaching geocentrism. Bronowski found that document in the archive, and it was at best an unfinished draft which was rejected, or at worst, a complete forgery.
As part of Galileo’s sentence, besides the recantation and the house arrest, he was also to be shown the instruments of torture. You can imagine the effect on a scholar, a man unused to physical abuses, such a display would have.
Simon would make a great "q"...like a weapon guy from James bond.imagine him explaining how to operate some secret agent weapons to you...
Told ya!
lol He's awesome
I, too, find all Englishmen to be identical.
@@WhompingWalrus Is that a good thing?
Also, are you American? It's not common for Americans to use 'Englishman' casually.
@@WhompingWalrus naw man I'm not...english-ist,I like a bunch of folk from beyond the pond! I'm just weird and imagined him with his typical vocal cadence,wide vocabulary, dramatic pauses, dry humor and wit explaining say,how my laser spy pen works and joking about how I might go about fucking myself up with it or something...lol.
I am American though and English ppl tend to sound extra smart to me. The accent implies intelligence,nobility,and refined sensibilities to me.cant exactly say why I think that...maybe movies and TV...Ive never met a British person in my 38 years of life now that I think of it...lol.
"...his right middle finger..."
So Galileo is STILL giving the one finger salute!
steve
Gallileo, Gallileo, Gallileo, Gallileo, Gallileo, figaro, magnifico!
They're gonna rock me Amadeus (?)
I was waiting to see that! Supposedly, it's an oblique reference to Astrophysicist Brian May, too.
@@lisakaz35 Yes, and a reference to Mozart's classical opera The Marriage of Figaro. Mercury was a big fan of Opera. It is all connected, which is the reason why it is one of the best songs ever written.
If that's what you got out of this video then you missed 99% of it...
Very well presented, thanks very much.
Good Stuff!
Great video! I'd also love to see one on Archimedes.
I wish I had a dad like Galileo’s 😪
And you would have become a modern day Galileo?
@@yankee2666 maybe they just wanted a good dad?
I've always thought it interesting that Aristotle had a theory about the independent speed of mass, without having ever having quantified it via simple study (like Galileo did).
23:50 Galileo, flipping off his haters from beyond the grave
FRRRRRRR 😂
And to calculate the velocity you take "Time" which is Galileo, took the same time for objects to fall, and distance which we don't care.... if time is constant.
Aleister Crowley, please!
His bio has been written. Coming up soon.
Ehhhhxellent.
Jai D
When my kids were little we went to see a Scooby doo movie it was terrible , when the snuck into the hideout of the bad guy they discovered he had all the writings of Aleister Crowley what a bazar thing to put in a kids movie
Excellent job as usual Simon!
Why can’t we fully appreciate genius during the teacher’s lifetime. Instead we sling rocks, bows and arrows when all they’re trying to do is enlighten us. Humans can be a savage bunch.
Religion
@@pokerani99 Are you talking about the 'religion' that was pivotal in academia and became the hub of it during the dark ages? They accepted and taught Aristotle ,Ptolemy and other great philosophers. Gregor Mendel who is the father of genetics was a monk for crying out loud.
All around the world, scientific societies would dismiss new ideas that would go against the established. Megalodon? Newton's ideas? etc. People suffered persecution because of their religious beliefs as well, so the new culture of ignoring the nuances of history and humanity and pinning EVERY bad thing on religion is ignorant.
There was and is still more at play in these situations... human ambitions and ego.
Akenna _ Aristotle was put to death because he questioned the religion, the Middle East which birthed a lot of the mathematical and scientific advances stagnated because in Islam the manipulation of numbers is the work of the devil. Im not pinning everything bad in religion but I am saying that other than the printing press and the very defiance of the Bible by Gregor Mendel, religion has contributed to more 9/11s and holocaust than to the advancement of the human race
@@pokerani99 Wait, how did Gregor Mendel defy the Bible? Because there's not much in the Bible about genetics, but the few there is support inheritance. He didn't quit being a monk even after his discoveries, so can you enlighten me on that?
You really are pinning every bad thing on religion(even after saying "not to pin every bad thing in religion), and totally forgetting everything I said about nuances, human egos and people using idealogies for their own benefits.
The scientific communities themselves often dismissed new discoveries because of egos and competition. If feels better blaming religion for "more 9/11s than human advancement" because reality is much more complex than that.
Even Jesus was killed, not by an ideology which supports murder, but by the egos of the priests. Islam didn't shun the advancement of knowledge in the ways you described, and if you would admit it, the
Catholic Church is like a political institution, more than a religious one, as they have constantly indulged in practices that goes against the very teachings they are supposed to be representing. Most Christians know this.
Your point about being a monk as the only way to live a comfortable life isn't entirely true either, as monks were supposed to withdraw themselves from living anything resembling lavish(absolutely comfortable) lives.
Most of you talk about 'humanity's progress' like that is only caused by science, forgetting that for a long time, religion was the moral compass and disciplinary entity of humanity. It gave humanity hope, belongingness, reason for life and to fight on and all the other things which isn't spoken about too often because "religion bad"(eg. Religious people (true ones) are kinder, more charitable, more disciplined and happier than their non religious counterparts).
Now there are differences in religious ideologies, but remember that the terrible nature of man will still find a way to exploit his fellow man, with or without religion just as science itself had been used for that in history.
@boson96 Actually no. Look at the examples I cited with the megalodon or Newton or Keppler and even Galileo himself. They received a LOT of opposition in the scientific communities themselves even with proof, because of egos and competition. They also clung to their accepted theories. Even the theory of biogenesis took some time to get accepted even with proof and credible observations because changing already established theories were hard back then, and not entirely because of religion.
Also, a lot of people learned to read and write without being monks. The Catholic Church, though they manipulated the scriptures to suit their agendas(hence protestantism) which resulted in witch-hunts and all the other stuff, had monasteries which helped the poor and established educational institutions.
As a person who is in the field of science, I am very happy new ideas are accepted more easier now, but even then, there is still some difficulty and opposition, so stop seing science as this beacon of perfection.
I'm not saying religion is perfect. Of course no ideology/institution practiced or run by humans is ever going to be perfect, but people who keep on spreading your narrative usually forget the nuances and also forget how A LOT of non religiously motivated atrocities have been committed all throughout human history as well, far outnumbering the religiously motivated ones (islam is moreso a political ideology than a religion, if I'm being honest, but still...). The world wars for example.
18:17 Even his theological views came from such a logical perspective. What a smart guy.
Very nice, Simon. Now that you have a good following I would like you to suggest to illustrators who work on history books to NOT draw Christopher Columbus discovering America while peering through a telescope. The telescope was invented about 100 years AFTER Columbus found the New World. Thank you and keep up the good work.
Galilei and Kepler join the extremely exclusive and badass club of broken-right-eye late-renaissance scientific revolutionaries
For some reason I've always held the belief Galileo was from 1400-ish. I'm sort of stunned to find out he was actually from the 17th. Century. That's like just three hundred years ago, the heliocentic system was in vogue!
I also thought he predated Columbus at least .
That was very interesting. Dava Sobel's book "Galileo's Daughter" describes what life was like for Galileo's 2 daughters who were confined in the poverty and boredom of a convent because they were illegitimate.
Strangely relevant to today's global warming crisis. Good on you.
Honestly I love history of the sciences just as much as new information just to see how far humans have come
Oh gosh, the poor guy. Just living his life being all sciency and everyone around him keeps telling him NO for various reasons.
When I was 9 years old my mother bought me a VERY cheap telescope for Christmas so I could watch the stars. I thought I would be the next Galileo.
18 years later and I'm now an unemployed university dropout with a diploma in screenwriting from a folk high school (which means nothing in my country, I might as well say that I'm a qualified air breather), riddled in debt and sitting here drinking Celsius Fitness Drink...
It is kinda funny how many of the pioneers in the creative arts where dropouts with a lot of debt and seen as people just wasting their lives. Don't get me wrong, I don't see myself as a genius or a future pioneer, but it is a comfort, and a bit funny, that I at least managed to get that far.
14:50 Johannes Kepler is always keeping an eye out.
Got to give credit to Galileo's dad. He was massively supportive of his son.
In high school I always wanted to go back in time and fight the guys who came up with the math we use today.
The math you learn in school is the most dull, dreary, obfuscating, monotonous, horribly taught, material I could possibly conjure up. Honestly, the school curriculum in US is what I would come up with if I maliciously and purposely wanted people to hate math. To find some love for it, search up some number theory, Euler's formula, graph theory, convex geometry; these are just the earliest and most ancient of the gems of mathematics. I'm sorry for your and everyone else's horrible experience with math in school.
Sincerely, an aspiring number theorist ;)
Fine, but do no turn your back on God. To different thought processes, please think.
16:22 The Venetians used telescopes as a strategic weapon. Whoever was first to identify approaching ships coming back with trade goods from overseas ports had an advantage in bidding for those goods. This advantage translated into real money.
The next biographics must be on simon whistler
What Galileo actually saw were the phases of Venus, not Mars or Jupiter. They don't have phases since they are further away from the sun than Earth. The most interesting thing is, in true scientific spirit, the phases of Venus were actually predicted to exist if the Sun was the center of the solar system.
Please do one on Otto Skorzeny.?
I remember visiting my mother's village back in Italy. Tiny place in Friuli Venezia Giulia. I took a walk, out where the fields were and there was a road named "via Galileo Galilei" and it really didn't seem like the right reward for his efforts 😄