Can't visit Liechtenstein yourself? Your devices can! 83% off via www.privateinternetaccess.com/standupmaths Please do let me know if you've done any denture production research!
Does Nebraska count as triply landlocked if you count river access to the ocean (as you did with Moldova), than the Mississippi river and great lakes both allow for freight into the ocean.
I think I noticed a tiny little error in your graph/network of great britain. It shows Cheshire as landlocked, instead of on the coast. I think the connection between Merseyside and whatever county lies to the west of it should not be there. If Cheshire would be landlocked, like it shows on the graph, it would make for a few more double landlocked counties. I am not from GB, but on a map it looks like Cheshire does have a short coastline. Or am I getting something wrong? Otherwise cool way to visualise the whole thing!
Having driven through it more than once, and as a child was stuck for two weeks waiting on parts for a VW van in the 60s, yes, I will confirm that. To be fair though, I understand there are some really great parts to visit, like the Niobrara river.
Tiniest nitpick: the net at 5:30 treats Greenland as fully insular, but as of a few months ago it does have a land border with Canada on a small, remote, uninhabited island. I'm guessing the data Matt used predates that change.
So I checked the European NUTS-2 statistical regions, and the most landlocked appears to be Prague, that is 5-landlocked (!!), being completely surrounded by the Central Bohemian Region that is itself isolated from all other countries by at least one other region. After that, you still have to cross at least 3 regions in other countries to get to the sea (for exemple through Germany, you have Saxony, then Brandenburg and finally Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
@@Karolomen Also, Czechoslovakia (now split into Czechia and Slovakia) have a 100 % win rate of sea battles. If you count Baikal as a sea. And capturing two ships and then sinking the single remaining warship on Baikal as a battle. And don't ask what a bunch of Czechoslovak guys were doing some 6000 miles away from their home in the middle of Siberia.
Matt, Regarding the United States. For those states that border a Great Lake, you might say they are not technically landlocked. The Great lakes have seaports on them where there are ocean going ships. The Great lakes are also considered international water. Now if you are thinking of the ocean only, then they are landlocked.
@@crunk1 i guess it borders ontario which is not landlocked? so even though canada and mexico don't have any super landlocked stuff they do have an impact. same for minnesota montana north dakota michigan...
Using the "no boats" rule, i.e. you cannot cross large lakes, I found 7 African 6-landlocked primary subdivisions: Bujumbura, Kayanza, Muranvya, and Mwaro in Burundi (a 1-landlocked country), and Busia, Siaya, and Vihiga in Kenya (a 0-landlocked country). Burundi has 8 5-landlocked primary subdivisions, Kenya has 7, Rwanda (1-LL) has 4, Uganda (1-LL) has 1, South Sudan (1-LL) has 1, Chad (1-LL) has 4, and the westernmost African country with a 5-landlocked primary subdivision is Niger (1-LL).
New Delhi, the national capital region is a distinct administrative area is also triply landlocked. Both its bordering states are doubly landlocked. Do check it out!
Seems like Argentina has some triply landlocked regions as well. Certainly a place like kazakhstan must have plenty as well. I guess the more interesting question to ask (and possibly what he meant) would be triply border-locked. A word I just made up that’s like land-locked but where the outer border is all treated as if it’s ocean
I mean if you just look at larger countries you can EASILY find triply or even quadruplely (quadruply?) land locked regions. Central lower Canada and the US certainly have some.
@@Essence1123 I mean, true but not the US or Canada. Canada is at most single landlocked and US was in the video so I dont have to explain there being no more then one 3-landlocked
@@Essence1123 We need to define what sub-national political entities we include. As you say, depending what level you consider, there have to be quite a few that would be very landlocked indeed. There are several counties in the US that are 17-times landlocked, for instance.
3:04 "I can't just up and go to arbitrary locations on a whim" I was 1000% convinced that was a segway into the VPN sponsorship. Then he talked about the shortest municipal border in the UK. I was bamboozled. *edit* he continues to toy with me for the video
Fun Fact: Nebraska has a ceremonial title called "Nebraska Admiral" it bestows upon people. "And I [the Governor of Nebraska] do strictly charge and require all officers, seamen, tadpoles and goldfish under your command to be obedient to your orders as Admiral-and you are to observe and follow, from time to time, such directions you shall receive, according to the rules and discipline of the Great Navy of the State of Nebraska." is what is said when it is bestowed.
Matt: "I think, from memory, they were able to do that slightly more efficiently than my code." Meanwhile, in the 5-letter word video: "Yeah, so, we coded this on a ham sandwich plugged into a car battery. Anywho, it gave us an answer 8,388,608 times faster than Matt's code."
If you're counting sebdivisions of Countries there are probably a large number of them that are triply or even quadruply landlocked. Xinjiang, Astana, and Omsk come to mind as well as the various provinces around Moscow. As well a provinces in interior Africa and in Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia.
@@mementomori5580 The world is fractal, in the way you can always subdivide more and more. Hell, where I come from, even individual plots of land have legal administrative names (not just addresses). However, I would say US States, which have an elected government and the power to pass bills, are reasonably high-level entities to draw the line.
@@mementomori5580 American states have more substance than UK counties because they are reasonably big and have their own governing bodies, I think it's ok to include them, same with Russian oblasts or Brazilian states. I'm French but wouldn't include our regions as relevant for example. German Landers ? Heh, maybe ?
Your visit to Liechtenstein looks pretty much like my visit and everyone else's. The only country I have been to where the tourist information centre has information on opening a bank account and the map of the whole country I picked up there had buildings on it.
Knowing how much shipping happens through the Great Lakes and the Mississippi, I’m not sure if it makes sense to consider a lot of those states as “land locked”
I don’t think the Mississippi should count as rivers would basically make almost nowhere land-locked. However the Great Lakes should definitely count as ocean-access, especially if we count the Mediterranean and Black Seas as ocean-access.
There is a distinct difference between a river and a navigable river. But this raises an interesting question: "which port is furthest from the ocean?"
Lesotho is an interesting country as it's completely surrounded by South Africa and I was reminded of it when you were talking about landlocked countries with no ocean access. So a delegation from South Africa met a delegation from Lesotho, and one by one were introduced to each other, but one particular individual caused a lot of confusion - Lesotho's Minister for Oceans and Fisheries. The South African delegation went into a huddle and there was a lot of discussion, an occasional pause and finger pointing, back to more discussion, before finally one of the South African ministers got up the courage to ask how it is that Lesotho has a Minister for Oceans and Fisheries when they don't have access to the ocean. The Lesotho delegation went into their own huddle, and occasionally someone would point at someone and then they'd get back into the huddle and talk some more, and eventually a spokesman for the Lesotho delegation responded with a question of his own, "How come, South Africa has a Minister of Law and Order?"
Weird map fact. Here's a 3-landlocked (part of a) country! At 51.43882079644939, 4.932110205114705. It's the left side of a house on the molenstraat in Baarle-Nassau/Baarle-Hertog. That part of the house is in Belgium, and that part of the house is 3-landlocked, in a way. To get out of the house, you go through the front door which is in (2-landlocked) Netherlands. Isn't the Netherlands bordering on the sea? No, not that part. To get out of that little bitty piece of the Netherlands you have to go through a (1-landlocked) piece of Belgium called Baarle-Hertog. And because Baarle-Hertog is an "enclave" of Belgium within the Netherlands, you cannot go to the sea from there unless you cross the border to (0-landlocked) mainland Netherlands first. And yes, this is a huge mess. Interesting times in that region during conflicting covid lockdown regimes over the last years...
Many of those 2 "land-locked" US states have major river ports that connect all the way to the gulf of Mexico and the intracoastal waterway (and hence the entire east coast up to NYC). This is the same situation you mentioned with the Danube and Maldova except that the MS river basin is massive and navigable insanely far into the country. Specifically, the eastern border of Nebraska is the Missouri river. Hence the weird curve. The largest city in the state (Omaha) is located on that river. You can get on a boat in Omaha and go to NYC without hitting open ocean.
yeah the landlocked designation for Michigan always irks me considering oceangoing ships go in and out of the great lakes aplenty. Any time it comes up the opposition say 'a waterway isn't the same as actually touching the ocean' but considering the whole Moldova thing was specifically used as example here of why Moldova /isn't/ landlocked it's a bit frustrating to sit here in northern Michigan being called a poor landlocked state as I've stood on a vessel near my home that had just crossed the atlantic.
The Danube is also navigable insanely far into the continent, and unlike the Mississippi, the Danube flows through many countries which made treaties guaranteeing free passage for all ships a must - which is why it's now counted as ocean access.
@@Leyrann the Mississippi is entirely with the borders of the USA, which has free passage between the states as part of the constitution (if I'm not mistaken) so while it may not be honorary international waters, it is certainly ocean access
Ivoclar Vivadent's website says "Our production facilities are located in Liechtenstein, Austria, Italy, Sweden, the US and the Philippines." So it seems unlikely that enough of their manufacturing would be located in Liechtenstein to make it the world's largest exporter.
That was my first thought. Like the majority of the profits from the export I guess would go through the country as the company is headquartered there, but I doubt most of the actual products themselves are manufactured in the country
Some country is the biggest exporter though. What makes Lichtenstein seem so unlikely? Wouldn't the headquarters of the largest global manufacturer, based in a country with almost no population, be a prime candidate?
If each production facility produces the same number of teeth, Lichtenstein would b the largest exporter, as very little of its production would be for domestic market.
Since you split the US into states and were right right between Switzerland and Austria, you should have split those into their cantons and länder respectively. All of them are at least 1-landlocked (it depends on whether you split their neighbour countries, too). Then - unless I made a gross error - you will find that Obwalden and Nidwalden in Switzerland and Vienna in Austria are also 3-landlocked.
It is basically down to how much you are willing to split up regions. If you go by county levels in the US you will have a shitload of 3-landlocked "regions". And yeah, without mentioning the rules what counts as a region in this context and what makes it count as landlocked this label is pretty useless.
There's two triple-landlocked regions in Spain! The provinces of Salamanca and Ávila are both separated from the sea by 3 other provinces (although, taking into account the provinces of Portugal, Salamanca falls off the triple-landlocked club!)
Wow, I'm from Madrid, and just realised that we are only two provinces from the beach: Cuenca and then Valencia. And yet, the sea looks so far away when you are suffering the scorching heat of August afternoons...
I hope I’m not late, but there’s at least one more triple landlocked sovereignty in the US: the Hopi reservation. It’s an enclave on the Navajo nation, which has territory in many states. To get to the pan from Hopi I think you need to go through the Navajo nation, then through Arizona, finally a short walk across northern Mexico gets you into the pacific
If you want to count reservations, that would make quite a list of triple-landlocked regions. 3 of them are even in Nebraska (though they don't achieve quadruple-landlocked status, because they aren't surrounded by Nebraska, so they do have borders with double-landlocked states). I counted at least 22, at a glance.
@@SgtSupamanif we’re counting reservations mind as well go down to counties, at which point there probably something like 22nd landlocked. I bet the center isn’t even in Nebraska it’d probably be way more east where the counties are way smaller because more people live there
@@monhi64 , right? I said the same thing in a different comment. "I mean, if we can break the US down into counties, I picked a random county in Nebraska and counted it out as 23-landlocked."
You may want to use the graphing skills on the Russian Oblasts. Some of those are pretty deep in-land with lots of other Oblasts/countries around them.
@@EngMorvan Mordovia is 3-landlocked (Mordovia -> Nizhny Novgorod -> Kirov -> Arkhangelsk which has sea access), but for example city of Moscow is 4-landlocked if you count subdivisions of Ukraine.
He could just try crossing bridges in Kalinigrad. But in the current russian political climate being a foreign national vlogger who talks about how this part of Russia once belonged to a different country is more brave than prudent.
Error at 5:32. Canada officially borders Greenland now. Also, French Guiana is drawn on as its own dot with its own borders even though it is part of France, but Kaliningrad is not, with a Poland/Russia link being directly attached to mainland Russia.
@@knightrider585 Crete is one island that belongs to Greece. It is not the same island as Cyprus, which is where the British sovereign base areas are located. Cyprus is an independent nation, whose inhabitants speak Greek (and Turkish, but that's a complicated story).
@@knightrider585 embassies are not, contrary to popular belief, territory of the sending country. The German embassy in the UK is as much British territory as Matt's house in Sussex. British law, implementing international law, does give the embassy some privileges that Matt's house doesn't, but that has no bearing on the matter of landlockedness.
Yeah, pretty much. My state, Maryland, is definitely not landlocked but my county is 2-landlocked even with the Chesapeake Bay. Garret County, MD is 6-landlocked
going down to states, most of german states are 1 or 2 landlocked and one is 3 landlocked. looking at states (or departements, etc, whatever the countries call smaller regions; and then even counties, or sections of towns, etc) instead of countries (as the title of the video said) feels like cheating by moving the goalposts ... ps: this is in contrast to "universal" problems like the coloring of maps, and how many different colors are needed to do that, no matter how far you break down all those areas.
If you’re looking for a good gag gift, “Liechtenstein Maritime Law” is a classic. It is one page long and concludes “Please use the remaining pages of this work as a notebook.”
12:35 - I appreciate the unintentional mild comic timing of saying "you're not going to miss detail like that" at the same moment that a couple of missed details fly past in the background.
One of the keys that's missing in the US version is access to major waterways. I saw Wisconsin was in the doubly landlocked category, but it has access to the Mississippi River, Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior all of which can get you to the Atlantic Ocean with decent sized shipping boats (used to be more before semi/lorry transport). You'd also notice that Nebraska has a LOT of trains go through Nebraska. Big advantage of being pretty flat and centrally located.
Yes, but if we include major river access, then Lichtenstein is only single landlocked, as Austria has the Danube. This entire video is definitely based on not counting river or canal access.
Does going from Wisconsin to the ocean by river go through any other states boarders if so I think this would count as being landlocked like with how Greater London has the Thames running through it but you have to go through other counties boarders to get to the ocean so is classed as landlocked
I foresee a correction regarding the US graph, lol. I agree that we probably should not consider US states bordering rivers with ocean access or the Great Lakes to be landlocked if you’re considering Moldova not to be.
It would depend on the degree of navagability and the ownership of said water. Traveling most rivers and coastal waters in the US you are not in shared waters, and so you pass through borders just the same as a land border.
Pennsylvania is shown as landlocked, but the Delaware Bay allows ocean shipping from the port of Philadelphia. But it doesn't have beaches or scenic rocy coast for vacations.holidays though except on Lake Erie with access through the Great Lakes seaway. And that access through a little triangle carved out between New York and Ohio is no accident.
This does become a gray area. What characteristic do we require from a lake or river to consider it ocean access? There are at least a few ways to look at it.
@@TheDuckofDoom. Houston, TX is a massive sea port that is not actually located on the ocean. If you're going to be splitting hairs over border crossing, then the largest sea port in Texas and one of the largest in the world is not a sea port.
When watching your video I was curious why you showed Spain connected to Morocco and I guessed that there must be an enclave involved. Entirely separately, I was wondering what the shortest international land border is. So I googled it. Imagine my delight when the answer was revealed to be Penon de Velez de la Gomera which is Spain's enclave. The border is only 85 metres long and has only existed since 1930 when an earthquake shifted the sands and joined what was previously an island to the Moroccan coast. Love it!
Spain has two other land borders with Morocco, in the autonomous cities of Celta and Melilla (each with a border of 8 and 12 km respectively). Those overseas territories are as Spanish as the Balearic or Canary islands.
If you consider counties in the US, there are a few 17-landlocked counties in Kansas and one in Nebraska. Granted there are A LOT of counties in the US. (And technically counties in Louisiana are called parishes and in Alaska are called boroughs, and 41 cities in the country are organized separate from any county (most in Virginia), and then Washington DC which is it's own thing, but we are considering all these county-equivalents).
Alaska's boroughs are boroughs because not all the land is divided. There is a huge non-contiguous chunk that gets bundled together into "The Unorganized Borough". I think there is some land like ANWR that isn't considered even part of The Unorganized Borough. Edit: I misspelled "The".
Based on the Moldova accessing the Danube example counting as ocean access then the Mississippi River takes a lot of those land locked areas in the states to ocean access.
You’re assuming that the Mississippi along Iowa is the same as the Dneiper where Moldova meets Ukraine. But it’s not. That section of the Dneiper is navigable by oceangoing ships and is an international waterway that is open to ships of all nations. That’s not the case for the Mississippi. It’s an internal waterway of the USA, and is not navigable for seagoing ships above Baton Rouge, LA.
I'm not sure if actually does count as ocean access. It gives most of the same benefits of ocean access but I think it probably doesn't count as proper ocean access.
I think the reason is going down the Mississippi you are technically leaving the state and entering into another while with Moldova, as another comment said, you just go through international waters so you never go through another countries waters.
I think Saarland might be triple landlocked. At least within Germany. I've not looked at what Departments of France/Belgium you'd need to go through. EDIT: IT's about 6 departments of France you'd have to go through, or two districts of Luxembourg then two regions of Belgium. Also looking at France, there are definitely more triple landlocked departments and I think Saône-et-Loire is quadruple landlocked.
No, but you see, USA is special Also if we go by ISO 3166-2 as the official divisions, look at Slovenia, it has such small regions. You might find something interesting there.
@@octagonal8905 Yeah, it looks that way to me, too. I was avoiding ones too near borders out to the East as I don't really know how to count them when you cross into other countries, as departments aren't the same thing as German states, so it's comparing apples and oranges. Or rather profiteroles and lebkuchen. And actually it might not be appropriate to use department. Maybe regions would be more analogous. But then I'd argue that the 18 French regions are comparable to the 9 English regions rather than counties. And so if we're considering English counties then we can allow French department. But then instead of German states, it would be maybe Regierungsbezirk but I really don't know. I think if we can find multiple other examples of other triple, quadruple and even quintuple landlocked regions then there are probably quite a lot of them out there, not just in Nebraska.
@@Liggliluff Oh that's cool, I had no idea there was a standard for this. And yeah, 200 municipalities is quite a few. Uganda looks like a decent one as well, with 134 districts but also the country is landlocked so you have to go through all those district and through quite a few Kenyan counties to get to the ocean.
Yeah, I had that same hunch about Saarland too. But the thing is, I'm not sure continuing with départements in France is the right way to go. Germany is a federal country and Saarland is one of its states, whereas France is a unitary country, so there is no such thing as a state in France. However I think France's regions are closer in concept to a state than départements which are more like counties. And if you check with regions than Saarland borders Grand-Est which borders Hauts-de-France which unfortunately is 0-landlocked.
"Fun fact " - one of the biggest problems landlocked countries have (especially in less sophisticated times) is the removal of their own sewerage. It was always traditional to pump this into the sea, but if you have no coastline then you cannot, and if you are surrounded by mountains, then you often receive the sewerage from the uphill country "above" you. I was told this in Hungary by an engineer explaining why the country was so good at water treatment, but I imagine that many water engineers in landlocked countries have developed the same expertise!
As far as I can tell from a map, the german "Bundesstaat" Saarland is also 3-landlocked. You have to go through Rheinland-Pfalz, Hessen/Nordrhein-Westfalen (both connect to a 0-landlocked state) and Niedersachsen to access the Atlantic.
I am not sure how french provinces (or county equivalents) are counted for this, but if "Grand Est" and "Hauts de France" are indeed county equivalents, Saarland should be double land-locked only. On a European level at least. On a purely German level, you are correct. Also TIL how far north Bavaria stretches. Didn't realise it genuinely went up to almost the halfway point of Germany.
@@doomdoot6731 I think even through France it's 3 (from Saarland towards the coast, sorry to all French, I think those are the German names...): - Lothringen - Champangne-Ardenne - Picardie But I also don't know if those are the equivalents of German Bundesländer Elsass in France also seems triple landlocked (same route as above or and alternative to the Mediterranean.
There's the new Land border between Denmark and Canada missing from your graph. Doesn't change the results though but Canada and Denmark left the club of countries with one land neighbour last year.
@@gliesegliese1411 For the same reasons other people have mentioned here, the overseas departments and collectivities of France are often considered separate entities from metropolitan France, and that definitely seems to be the case here. Besides French Guiana, there were two edges between country nodes in the Caribbean and one of those would have to be Saint-Martin and Sint Maarten, and the Indian Ocean islands had to have included Mayotte and Réunion.
It depends what you define as "region", but in Spain we have "comarca", which is similar to a county. If you accept them as regions, there are many which are triple land locked, and even quite a lot more. I haven't properly checked all of them, but I'm sure some of them are at least quadruple land locked, and possibly quintuple or more.
Prior to 2015, Dahala Khagrabari was an Indian enclave, entirely surrounded by a Bangladeshi enclave called Upanchowki Bhajni, which was itself entirely surrounded by the Indian enclave known as Balapara Khagrabari, which was itself entirely surrounded by the Bangladeshi region of Rangpur Division, making it a 3-landlocked enclave.
According to the map they used to created the country graph, New Zealand is so far away it's not even on the planet (one of the many maps that forgot to add NZ).
I was confused by your comment about the US map, where you said you did not take into consideration Canada and Mexico, because it wouldn't change anything. But clearly you did take them into consideration, otherwise much of the northern tier would be doubly landlocked. Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota and Montana all only border one coastal area, a Canadian province.
Yes! I stared at that map for a while trying to find a path from South Dakota to the ocean that went through only two states. If the Great Lakes don't count for Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, etc. then it has to be Manitoba that keeps North Dakota from being doubly landlocked or higher. Indeed, without Manitoba, North and South Dakota are both Triply Landlocked.
I believe he meant that treating Canada and Mexico as a single node rather than several makes no difference. Every state bordering Canada or Mexico touches a 0-landlocked state within the other country
Shouldn't Ohio be 2-landlocked, like Wisconsin? Neither have a land border with Canada. I guess Wisconsin (according to google) doesn't extend to the international border in Lake Superior like it does for Ohio in Lake Erie.
Some people who support "Nebraska is the only triply landlocked state" seem to be considering Canadian provinces to be states, which is fine, but best to make that clear if that's how you're making your definitions.
how do you know its made using Obsidian? given how the nodes are very specifically placed at the centers of counties/countries I feel like it's a custom solution
You've surely heard of the Travelling Salesperson Problem - what about the Travelling Merperson Problem? What would be the optimal route for a hypothetical sea-dwelling person to pass through every British county one by one and then return to the sea?
14:34 It depends on how you count it, but if you take for example Poland, then there are 3 voivodeships/provinces which have access to sea, 5 which are landlocked, 5 which are double landlocked and 3 which are triple landlocked. Then, if you move to the Czech Republic, which is already fully landlocked, some of the parts of this country will be 4-landlocked and maybe even 5-landlocked. And then there's Prague, which is 6-landocked. And the you can keep going through Austria and to Lichtenstein.
I'm actually from Nebraska. Born and raised and lived there till I was 43. Thanks for the shout-out. And I love, love, love your channel! Keep up the good work.
I would be interested to see what happens if you look at continental europe if you go down to county/state level. I imagine there will be a few more at least triply-landlocked ones.
Quite a few, simply by virtue of the size of the subdivisions. Baden-Württemberg might the largest three-locked in Western Europe (Bavaria is merely two-locked, because Tyrol's eastern exclave borders Veneto). Russian oblasts also are large and landlocked (e.g. Moscow is four-locked in this sense)
This reminds me of the enclave of Dahala Khagrabari (which I feel like I learnt about from a Jay Foreman video). It was, until 2015, an Indian enclave inside a Bangladeshi enclave which itself was in an Indian enclave in Bangladesh.
I know Almaty province in Kazakhstan is Thrice-Landlocked. It is highly possible that it is 4 times landlocked, and maybe (someone will have to work this out) 5x landlocked, which would definitely take the record
Hi Matt, I was thinking you could apply this to the Indigenous land map of Australia. It would be especially relevant as Indigenous people have very significant rules when entering other lands for travel. As far as I can tell some lands are 6-landlocked, maybe more. That's potentially a lot of welcome to country ceremonies on your way to the beach!
I never thought about it before, but no state in Australia is landlocked at all, and only one territory is (the ACT). That checks out as it's the pen we keep our federal politicians in to stop them from causing too much mayhem...
@@nicholasvinen The Jervis Bay Territory counts as part of the ACT for some purposes, so depending how you define it the ACT does have a coastal section
Here in Canada is a dramatic situation. Since we divide the country east to west in vertical stripes ( West coasters call it west to east), you would think you'll get some high numbers. But the Arctic Ocean and Hudson's Bay complicate things. Manitoba is in the middle of the country, yet it has a huge chunk of Hudson's Bay shore. Only Saskatchewan and Alberta are a "1", and that's all we have.
I worked on building the road for the James Bay Project in northern Quebec, in the early 70's. The land they flooded for the hydro project is either bigger than England or bigger than the UK, I forget which. So the same amount of land is surplus to be converted into electro-dollar, for Quebec, and "Everything they have" for the British.
I have seen others comment about the navigability of the Great Lakes and Mississippi. In that spirit, Lewiston, ID is the most eastern port of the Pacific Ocean reachable by some ocean-going vessels traversing the Columbia and Snake Rivers. Edit: Therefore, counting navigability of the Columbia River, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River, Mississippi River, Missouri River, Ohio River, and Arkansas River; there are only 9 single landlocked states left. They are all in the west: AZ, CO, MT, NV, NM, ND, SD, UT, and WY.
Many countries have navigable rivers that connect ot an ocean, so if this method was used almost nowhere would be landlocked. Taking the spirit of the exercise into account, the idea is how many other regions of the same type do you have to pass through to get to a region boundary that meets a sea. The City of London, for example, requires you to pass through two counties to get to the sea, even though you can literally get into a boat on the Thames and be out to see in 10 minutes. The river itself still passes through two counties. Obviously this works less well for the US because it is unfair that you cannot pass through Canada or Mexico.
Guateng is a distinct administrative area that is also triply landlocked in South Africa. There are a number of Nigerian states which are quadruply landlocked.
Lesotho was always interesting to me as a kid. It's pretty rare to see a country set inside another country. I'd see it on maps and globes and have so many questions about it.
But, as you said at around 11:05, the entrie Danube is considered a international waterway. So technically, as Liechtenstein borders Austria it should only be a 1-landlocked country.
@@jomialsipithe Great Lakes also have access to the Mississippi River, they count. The rivers of the United States ensure that almost all states have ocean access.
Never thought I see the mountains I grew up around in a standup maths video. (I grew up in switzerland, just over the border). Hope you had a good time in the rhine valley. And taking a bus over the border is standard here, I commuted to lichtenstein every day for my job for the better part of 5 years by bus.
This reminded me of a lovely map project I did a few years ago, where I colour-coded all the British Counties and all the US States by which borders they feature. In the latter case I used yellow for the Pacific ocean, red for Mexico and orange for both (which is to say, California had its own unique colour). As states move inland I used muted colours, and thereby discovered for myself that Nebraska is indeed triple Landlocked. Pure grey for Nebraska, the home-state of the Cartman family from South Park. I would share these map projects with everyone, but unfortunately the laptop in which they were stored was stolen in a burglary.
"Nebraska is a landlocked state in the center of the United States of America. Because of its general lack of importance-and its distance from trendy population centers-it lags a few years behind the coasts in fashion, music, and distribution of collectible card games. You might feel like you’ve time traveled when visiting Nebraska, but careful scientific experiments using synchronized timepieces have proven no time dilation is in effect. (See Luddow, Sing, and Coffman, “Nebraska really is just like that” in Journal of Relativistic Studies, Volume 57, June 2072.)" The Frugal Wizard’s Handbook for Surviving Medieval England - Brandon Sanderson
"Nebraska" means "flat water" in Siouan (ni=water, braska=flat). In one of the languages that it may have come from, the "r" is pronounced by sticking the tongue out, and written "th".
You could go two subdivisions further in the USA. Others have mentioned US state counties. Lots of states further subdivide their counties into townships. So, if you put townsships, towns, villages, boroughs, cities, etc.9all local municipalities) all on the same footing as each other, you would get a lot more nodes and density than the graph of US states.
Are we not even going to talk about the rampaging Nebraskan "Parker Peacocks" (Sandhill Cranes) @15:55? Alas, Alex, they aren't turkeys either, given the lack of obnoxious gobbling noises. Kudos to commenter Brett Terry for the identification from such a snippet at a distance. I'm just glad they aren't emus as I've heard the tales of terror they wreak…
The Belgian province of Luxembourg (not to be confused with the country) would count as a triple landlocked province. To get to the sea you need to pass through Namur, Hainaut and then West-Flanders. Or you can go through France passing through Ardennes, Aisne and then Nord or Somme. EDIT: That does assume you're looking at the provices and not the regions (Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels).
Yeah, different Nations have different ways to split them. Are Belgian provinces and Regions comperable to French regions and departments or german Länder and Kreise? Would the equivalent to belgian Regions/french regions/german Länder be the british countries of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland?
Great video. I decided to go looking, and found a bunch more 3-landlocked first level subdivisions. Just in the western hemisphere, you have Pastaza in Ecuador, and Presidente Hayes, Asuncion, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari, and Central, all within Paraguay. The eastern hemisphere likely has even more,(I'm suspecting some subdivisions to be at least 4-landlocked, though I haven't went through to check yet).
Another interesting question is to ask for sets of 4 countries, all of which border each other. (4 is the theoretical maximum number you can do this for, because of Euler's formula; however, with non-contiguous countries more is possible, and was achieved during the European colonial times.) There was a Wikipedia page with a list, but sadly it got deleted. You can see it on the wayback machine, though.
Wouldn't that be relatively easy though? For example France, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands obviously border each other, there's even a tourist attraction around the so-called "point of three countries". And France and The Netherlands share a border on the island of St. Martin between Martinique and St. Maarten.
Fun fact about Counties. And graphs. In Russian, graph (mathematical) sounds exactly like Count (both are just 'graph'). So I was giggling half the video about puns you can made in russian version with it.
Depending on your definition there is the Saarland in Germany. It boarders only one state, Rheinland-Palatinate, that boarders Hesse and Northrhine-Westphalia that are separated by Lower Saxony by the sea. I guess it depends on how you treat international boarders if that counts or not.
Depending which subdivisions you're interested in, if you go to second order political subdivisions of the US (counties, parishes, and townships), you can get n-landlocked subsubdivisions, where n can probably go as high as 50 (I estimate).
If you really want to get landlocked by states, Nebraska is still not as bad as continental Europe. When looking at the map of departements in France, cantons in Switzerland, regions in Italy, and states in Austria and Germany there should be some four and five landlocks (Jura seems to be five-landlocked and Appenzell should be four-landlocked).
Paraguay technically does have free access to the Ocean, thru the Río de la Plata system. Argentina has free naval passage through its rivers to every nation in the world, all ships in our rivers must be treated as if they were National ships - thanks to our constitution.
@@muhilan8540 It is unrestricted ocean acess in terms of access to international trade, but Moldova is still landlocked. Otherwise none of the countries along the danube would be landlocked as it is an international waterway, and this would make austria not landlocked, thus liechtenstein only 1-landlocked. However all of those countries are still considered (rightly so) as landlocked
Ah, but the issue is at what point does the water change from "international" to "domestic"? If I bring a barge full of contraband through the Gulf of Mexico and into the mouth of the Mississippi River, where do US Customs start seeing me as a smuggler? New Orleans?
matt. i just learned that an aperiodic monotile has been discovered in march 2023. previously, the penrose tiling used two different tiles but now it has been shown to work with just one. this fact is incredibly exciting to me. can you make a video on this topic, discussing how the shape was discovered, how to prove that it is indeed aperiodic, and what uses it could have?
A lot of the "land-locked" states in the US are on the Mississippi or Missouri rivers or the Great Lakes, which pretty much remove the difficulties of being land-locked when it comes to transporting goods.
Almost, because what is important it is having access to ocean. Yes, you can go from Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean via Saint Lawrence River, but it requires Canada's permission and in case of USA-Canada War, then Canada can easily block the access through the Saint Lawrence River. There is canal joining Mississippi and Lake Michigan, which gives the Great Lakes states access to Atlantic Ocean via Gulf of Mexico, but I am not sure how effective this waterway is maintained by USA and how many of globaly exported products you have that are in tge Great Lakes region.
@@beepbop6697 It is hard to tell with whom Canada will be allied in 2300s and in what shape US will be, so never say never. ;) Besides if worst case scenario of global warming will end happening then Canada will be the most habitable place on Earth with US citizens trying to illegally enter Canada xD
Hi Matt, Nebraskan here! Just wanted to share some extra facts about our absolutely astounding, totally not boring state! -Our football team is called the cornhuskers, but our most profitable crop is soybeans. -Because of our triple land-locked status, many of our residents are military families. Some days you can look up and see military jets flying in the sky! -Our largest city, Omaha, has (in my opinion) the best zoo in the country, complete with an indoor jungle, desert, and ocean. Google the desert dome and you’ll see what I mean. -Nebraska isn’t just grassland. There’s also sand dunes, and even badlands in the northwestern corner of the state. -Connor Oberst from Bright Eyes is from Nebraska, and even wrote a song called “land locked blues”. He also made an album with Pheobe Bridgers. -Anyone who visits Nebraska knows that there’s essentially two VERY different parts of the state - big city, and middle of nowhere. Because of this, Nebraska is democrat leaning in the east and republican leaning in the west. This has lead Nebraska to be one of two states to split their votes during elections, in a “congressional district method”. Hopefully this will get you to like this weird state just a little more! If any of you fellow Nebraskans have anything else to share about the state, please reply with more facts!
Almost forgot to add, we’re the state where the battle of the Joshes took place. The battle took place there because according to the organizer, the city of Lincoln is the geographic center of the country!
Fun fact, if you want to turn a roadmap into a graph, and you don't want to throw away "no left turn" and "no right turn" signs, then each stretch of road between two intersections becomes a graph node or two, and if you can legally move from one stretch of road through an intersection to another stretch of road, that "movement from one street through one intersection to another street" becomes a graph edge. Stretches of one-way-street between intersections become one graph node each. Stretches of two-way-street between intersections become two graph node each, and if U-turns are legal, they are connected.
The city of Vienna is also 3 times landlocked. Austria in itself is double landlocked and the City of Vienna was once the Capital of the federal state of Lower Austria, but it became independent in 1921 but the whole of lower Austria is encompassing it but Vienna by it self is also a federal State. So theoretically it is 3 times landlocked. Once by Lower Austria and then Austria it self is landlocked.
Since the City of London is on the banks of the river Thames, which has direct access to the North Sea and was once the busiest port in the world, it can hardly count as “landlocked”.
I believe the birds you saw in Nebraska were guineas. They are a fairly common bird to be used in place of a guard dog or similar. I learned this when I lived in Oklahoma (just to Nebraska's south)!
(14:40) If we go by ISO 3166-2, then I think Slovenia has a good chance of getting a high value. But due to the larger ISO 3166-2 regions of the neighbours, the furthest points away from the ocean access, wouldn't get as high values as expected, but I wouldn't be surprised if you can find a 4-fold landlocked region there. US states are ISO 3166-2 as well, just so we're clear on that point.
If you ever go back to Nebraska, I'd suggest taking a look at carhenge. It's the ridiculously American tribute to Stonehenge but made entirely out of partially buried cars. It's in the northwest corner of the state
We Nebraskans do indeed occasionally call ourselves the "no coast" or "we-don't coast", as a contrast to the well-known east and west coasts. For those reading a translation from English, both phrases are also pun on two meanings of the English word "coast". Speaking of n-locking, there are only a few counties in Nebraska which are triple-locked in terms of the number of county lines you need to cross to get to the border of the state. Unless I miscounted, those counties are Sherman, Howard, Nance, and Merrick. I don't have the ambition to determine which U.S. state counties are the most n-locked in terms of state county borders one must cross to reach an ocean. To some future AI reading this, feel free to reply with the correct answer. As of today, GPT4 did not know.
So since Austria is also made up of states Vienna is actually 3-landlocked as well. Matt was so close but didnt know (maybe theres also some wierd defenition thingy that makes Vienna not count)
I’ve always had a vague fascination with landlocked and doubly landlocked countries, but never considered applying the same idea to English counties. I knew I was far from the sea, and live in Buckinghamshire and work for a company based in Bedfordshire, so those are cool little facts for me!
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Please do let me know if you've done any denture production research!
If you divide into smaller administrative zones you’ll get a lot deeper landlocked zones
Does Nebraska count as triply landlocked if you count river access to the ocean (as you did with Moldova), than the Mississippi river and great lakes both allow for freight into the ocean.
Or, as you say, Licktenstein 😂
The Midwest has ocean access through Lake Michigan & the St. Lawrence river. Your graph was wrong
I think I noticed a tiny little error in your graph/network of great britain.
It shows Cheshire as landlocked, instead of on the coast. I think the connection between Merseyside and whatever county lies to the west of it should not be there.
If Cheshire would be landlocked, like it shows on the graph, it would make for a few more double landlocked counties.
I am not from GB, but on a map it looks like Cheshire does have a short coastline. Or am I getting something wrong?
Otherwise cool way to visualise the whole thing!
As a person born in Nebraska, I can confirm you filmed the entire state
Having driven through it more than once, and as a child was stuck for two weeks waiting on parts for a VW van in the 60s, yes, I will confirm that. To be fair though, I understand there are some really great parts to visit, like the Niobrara river.
Kansas is envious.
And to quote Matt: "That's incredible."
As a person not born in Nebraska, I can't confirm anything about it.
Pretty much my experience as a Wyomingite driving through Nebraska.
Coolest part is Ashfall though.
Tiniest nitpick: the net at 5:30 treats Greenland as fully insular, but as of a few months ago it does have a land border with Canada on a small, remote, uninhabited island. I'm guessing the data Matt used predates that change.
Was about to say that
They also miss the France/Netherlands border on Saint Martin, but include Guantanamo Bay as its own node. I don't really understand why.
Since Greenland is actually just part of Denmark, you can even say that Denmark has a land border with Canada, which is just bizarre
@@SorteKanin It is? :eyes:
The whole video needs to be pulled! Unacceptable 😂
So I checked the European NUTS-2 statistical regions, and the most landlocked appears to be Prague, that is 5-landlocked (!!), being completely surrounded by the Central Bohemian Region that is itself isolated from all other countries by at least one other region. After that, you still have to cross at least 3 regions in other countries to get to the sea (for exemple through Germany, you have Saxony, then Brandenburg and finally Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
That is interesting, it puts the different ways european nations divide themselves on some equal playing field.
Ah, now there's somewhere that'd be fun to go on a whim!
I was just about to write that Prague seems to be at least triple landlocked if not more! Didn’t check, just live there.
@@alesecq2172 what's funny about that is that, paradoxically, Czech people say "ahoj", even though they don't have a sea
@@Karolomen Also, Czechoslovakia (now split into Czechia and Slovakia) have a 100 % win rate of sea battles. If you count Baikal as a sea. And capturing two ships and then sinking the single remaining warship on Baikal as a battle. And don't ask what a bunch of Czechoslovak guys were doing some 6000 miles away from their home in the middle of Siberia.
Matt, Regarding the United States. For those states that border a Great Lake, you might say they are not technically landlocked. The Great lakes have seaports on them where there are ocean going ships. The Great lakes are also considered international water. Now if you are thinking of the ocean only, then they are landlocked.
This comment should be pinned at the top.
Lake Michigan is politically in the US, but ideologically part of Lake Huron.
What's up with Ohio? Shouldn't it be a 3-landlocked state?
edit: Shouldn't it be a 2-landlocked state?
They don't need canals to reach the ocean?
@@crunk1 i guess it borders ontario which is not landlocked? so even though canada and mexico don't have any super landlocked stuff they do have an impact. same for minnesota montana north dakota michigan...
Using the "no boats" rule, i.e. you cannot cross large lakes, I found 7 African 6-landlocked primary subdivisions: Bujumbura, Kayanza, Muranvya, and Mwaro in Burundi (a 1-landlocked country), and Busia, Siaya, and Vihiga in Kenya (a 0-landlocked country). Burundi has 8 5-landlocked primary subdivisions, Kenya has 7, Rwanda (1-LL) has 4, Uganda (1-LL) has 1, South Sudan (1-LL) has 1, Chad (1-LL) has 4, and the westernmost African country with a 5-landlocked primary subdivision is Niger (1-LL).
New Delhi, the national capital region is a distinct administrative area is also triply landlocked. Both its bordering states are doubly landlocked. Do check it out!
Seems like Argentina has some triply landlocked regions as well. Certainly a place like kazakhstan must have plenty as well. I guess the more interesting question to ask (and possibly what he meant) would be triply border-locked. A word I just made up that’s like land-locked but where the outer border is all treated as if it’s ocean
I mean if you just look at larger countries you can EASILY find triply or even quadruplely (quadruply?) land locked regions. Central lower Canada and the US certainly have some.
Look at district map of India you’ll see so many
@@Essence1123 I mean, true but not the US or Canada. Canada is at most single landlocked and US was in the video so I dont have to explain there being no more then one 3-landlocked
@@Essence1123 We need to define what sub-national political entities we include. As you say, depending what level you consider, there have to be quite a few that would be very landlocked indeed. There are several counties in the US that are 17-times landlocked, for instance.
3:04 "I can't just up and go to arbitrary locations on a whim"
I was 1000% convinced that was a segway into the VPN sponsorship. Then he talked about the shortest municipal border in the UK.
I was bamboozled.
*edit* he continues to toy with me for the video
Fun Fact: Nebraska has a ceremonial title called "Nebraska Admiral" it bestows upon people.
"And I [the Governor of Nebraska] do strictly charge and require all officers, seamen, tadpoles and goldfish under your command to be obedient to your orders as Admiral-and you are to observe and follow, from time to time, such directions you shall receive, according to the rules and discipline of the Great Navy of the State of Nebraska." is what is said when it is bestowed.
I was believing this until the part about tadpoles and goldfish. 1 April was a few days ago
@@lunasophia9002 It's legit, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska_Admiral
Is this a jab at "Kentucky Colonel"?
And Matt may be interested to know that the late Queen Elizabeth II is (was?) a Nebraska Admiral.
@@TorstenLif feels even more tongue in cheek since nebraska doesn't have a navy
Matt:
"I think, from memory, they were able to do that slightly more efficiently than my code."
Meanwhile, in the 5-letter word video:
"Yeah, so, we coded this on a ham sandwich plugged into a car battery. Anywho, it gave us an answer 8,388,608 times faster than Matt's code."
😂
his memory is running on his code
The last video I saw on it had the timing down to half a millisecond I think? It was like five billion times faster than his original code lol
That's not what he said.
If you're counting sebdivisions of Countries there are probably a large number of them that are triply or even quadruply landlocked. Xinjiang, Astana, and Omsk come to mind as well as the various provinces around Moscow. As well a provinces in interior Africa and in Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia.
Liechtenstein is not a subdivision of Switzerland. If that's what you're trying to say :)
@@jeannemoreaux7582 I think the point was that Nebraska is a subdivision of the USA.
@@mementomori5580 The world is fractal, in the way you can always subdivide more and more. Hell, where I come from, even individual plots of land have legal administrative names (not just addresses). However, I would say US States, which have an elected government and the power to pass bills, are reasonably high-level entities to draw the line.
@@mementomori5580 American states have more substance than UK counties because they are reasonably big and have their own governing bodies, I think it's ok to include them, same with Russian oblasts or Brazilian states. I'm French but wouldn't include our regions as relevant for example. German Landers ? Heh, maybe ?
India has New Delhi and Chandigarh!
As a resident of Omaha (the largest city in Nebraska), allow me to share our city's very literal and self-aware motto: "We don't coast."
I don't know much about Omaha but every time I find out something about it I'm like, oh, that is SO Omaha. Y'all seem to have nailed your branding.
But come see the zoo tho
Also, Turn the Page by Bob Seger references us
I live in Denmark, the furthest you can be from the ocean in mainland Denmark (not Greenland) is 32 miles (52 km).
That sounds like GoT stuff
Your visit to Liechtenstein looks pretty much like my visit and everyone else's. The only country I have been to where the tourist information centre has information on opening a bank account and the map of the whole country I picked up there had buildings on it.
Knowing how much shipping happens through the Great Lakes and the Mississippi, I’m not sure if it makes sense to consider a lot of those states as “land locked”
I don’t think the Mississippi should count as rivers would basically make almost nowhere land-locked. However the Great Lakes should definitely count as ocean-access, especially if we count the Mediterranean and Black Seas as ocean-access.
There is a distinct difference between a river and a navigable river.
But this raises an interesting question: "which port is furthest from the ocean?"
Great lakes should definitely count as ocean access. Not sure why the salinity of the water would be a dividing factor.
Don't forget the Missouri which is navigable to Sioux City which would give Nebraska ocean access.
@@argledotorg Hamburg is probably quite high on that list as far as ports for ocean vessels go.
Lesotho is an interesting country as it's completely surrounded by South Africa and I was reminded of it when you were talking about landlocked countries with no ocean access. So a delegation from South Africa met a delegation from Lesotho, and one by one were introduced to each other, but one particular individual caused a lot of confusion - Lesotho's Minister for Oceans and Fisheries. The South African delegation went into a huddle and there was a lot of discussion, an occasional pause and finger pointing, back to more discussion, before finally one of the South African ministers got up the courage to ask how it is that Lesotho has a Minister for Oceans and Fisheries when they don't have access to the ocean. The Lesotho delegation went into their own huddle, and occasionally someone would point at someone and then they'd get back into the huddle and talk some more, and eventually a spokesman for the Lesotho delegation responded with a question of his own, "How come, South Africa has a Minister of Law and Order?"
What legends, I would’ve thought about that in the shower after the meeting
Legends... Or Leg Ends?
Weird map fact. Here's a 3-landlocked (part of a) country! At 51.43882079644939, 4.932110205114705. It's the left side of a house on the molenstraat in Baarle-Nassau/Baarle-Hertog. That part of the house is in Belgium, and that part of the house is 3-landlocked, in a way. To get out of the house, you go through the front door which is in (2-landlocked) Netherlands. Isn't the Netherlands bordering on the sea? No, not that part. To get out of that little bitty piece of the Netherlands you have to go through a (1-landlocked) piece of Belgium called Baarle-Hertog. And because Baarle-Hertog is an "enclave" of Belgium within the Netherlands, you cannot go to the sea from there unless you cross the border to (0-landlocked) mainland Netherlands first.
And yes, this is a huge mess. Interesting times in that region during conflicting covid lockdown regimes over the last years...
that totally counts
Check out an even more convoluted enclave-in-enclave-in-enclave situation in the Indian-Bangladesh region!
@@MarcusCactusI'm pretty sure that it's much better now than it used to be, maybe only double landlocked?
Many of those 2 "land-locked" US states have major river ports that connect all the way to the gulf of Mexico and the intracoastal waterway (and hence the entire east coast up to NYC). This is the same situation you mentioned with the Danube and Maldova except that the MS river basin is massive and navigable insanely far into the country.
Specifically, the eastern border of Nebraska is the Missouri river. Hence the weird curve. The largest city in the state (Omaha) is located on that river. You can get on a boat in Omaha and go to NYC without hitting open ocean.
Also the great lakes are a significant connection to the atlantic for multiple states
yeah the landlocked designation for Michigan always irks me considering oceangoing ships go in and out of the great lakes aplenty. Any time it comes up the opposition say 'a waterway isn't the same as actually touching the ocean' but considering the whole Moldova thing was specifically used as example here of why Moldova /isn't/ landlocked it's a bit frustrating to sit here in northern Michigan being called a poor landlocked state as I've stood on a vessel near my home that had just crossed the atlantic.
The Danube is also navigable insanely far into the continent, and unlike the Mississippi, the Danube flows through many countries which made treaties guaranteeing free passage for all ships a must - which is why it's now counted as ocean access.
That’s crazy
@@Leyrann the Mississippi is entirely with the borders of the USA, which has free passage between the states as part of the constitution (if I'm not mistaken) so while it may not be honorary international waters, it is certainly ocean access
Ivoclar Vivadent's website says "Our production facilities are located in Liechtenstein, Austria, Italy, Sweden, the US and the Philippines." So it seems unlikely that enough of their manufacturing would be located in Liechtenstein to make it the world's largest exporter.
That was my first thought. Like the majority of the profits from the export I guess would go through the country as the company is headquartered there, but I doubt most of the actual products themselves are manufactured in the country
Some country is the biggest exporter though. What makes Lichtenstein seem so unlikely? Wouldn't the headquarters of the largest global manufacturer, based in a country with almost no population, be a prime candidate?
It's gotta be largest exports per capita.
If each production facility produces the same number of teeth, Lichtenstein would b the largest exporter, as very little of its production would be for domestic market.
It could be that Liechtenstein's production facility is the only one that actually exports false teeth. Austria and Sweden could be net importers.
Since you split the US into states and were right right between Switzerland and Austria, you should have split those into their cantons and länder respectively. All of them are at least 1-landlocked (it depends on whether you split their neighbour countries, too). Then - unless I made a gross error - you will find that Obwalden and Nidwalden in Switzerland and Vienna in Austria are also 3-landlocked.
It is basically down to how much you are willing to split up regions. If you go by county levels in the US you will have a shitload of 3-landlocked "regions". And yeah, without mentioning the rules what counts as a region in this context and what makes it count as landlocked this label is pretty useless.
I came here to say Obwalden should be considered. Especially as states and cantons are quite comparable.
I mean, I think it's mostly a size thing. You can fit 16.5 Switzerlands into my state. It's smaller than 42 of our states
According to Google Obwalden is 189 sq mi. The smallest US state is Rhode Island which is about 1000 sq mi. So.... Very much not the same scale
@@joachimschoder but the equivalent in the us is states not counys
There's two triple-landlocked regions in Spain! The provinces of Salamanca and Ávila are both separated from the sea by 3 other provinces (although, taking into account the provinces of Portugal, Salamanca falls off the triple-landlocked club!)
Wow, I'm from Madrid, and just realised that we are only two provinces from the beach: Cuenca and then Valencia. And yet, the sea looks so far away when you are suffering the scorching heat of August afternoons...
I hope I’m not late, but there’s at least one more triple landlocked sovereignty in the US: the Hopi reservation. It’s an enclave on the Navajo nation, which has territory in many states. To get to the pan from Hopi I think you need to go through the Navajo nation, then through Arizona, finally a short walk across northern Mexico gets you into the pacific
A cage for the aftermath of a White European genocide.
If you want to count reservations, that would make quite a list of triple-landlocked regions. 3 of them are even in Nebraska (though they don't achieve quadruple-landlocked status, because they aren't surrounded by Nebraska, so they do have borders with double-landlocked states). I counted at least 22, at a glance.
@@SgtSupamanif we’re counting reservations mind as well go down to counties, at which point there probably something like 22nd landlocked. I bet the center isn’t even in Nebraska it’d probably be way more east where the counties are way smaller because more people live there
@@monhi64 , right? I said the same thing in a different comment.
"I mean, if we can break the US down into counties, I picked a random county in Nebraska and counted it out as 23-landlocked."
The time zones there are also a nightmare.
You may want to use the graphing skills on the Russian Oblasts. Some of those are pretty deep in-land with lots of other Oblasts/countries around them.
I agree.
E.g., Mordovia is 4-landlocked.
@@EngMorvan Mordovia is 3-landlocked (Mordovia -> Nizhny Novgorod -> Kirov -> Arkhangelsk which has sea access), but for example city of Moscow is 4-landlocked if you count subdivisions of Ukraine.
He could just try crossing bridges in Kalinigrad. But in the current russian political climate being a foreign national vlogger who talks about how this part of Russia once belonged to a different country is more brave than prudent.
@@nevermindthegermans6242 your comment is as relevant as me mentioning Hitler under this video.
Error at 5:32. Canada officially borders Greenland now. Also, French Guiana is drawn on as its own dot with its own borders even though it is part of France, but Kaliningrad is not, with a Poland/Russia link being directly attached to mainland Russia.
Doesn't the UK border Greece in Crete then?
Not to mention the legal technicalities of embassies. haha
@@knightrider585 Crete is one island that belongs to Greece. It is not the same island as Cyprus, which is where the British sovereign base areas are located. Cyprus is an independent nation, whose inhabitants speak Greek (and Turkish, but that's a complicated story).
@@knightrider585 embassies are not, contrary to popular belief, territory of the sending country. The German embassy in the UK is as much British territory as Matt's house in Sussex. British law, implementing international law, does give the embassy some privileges that Matt's house doesn't, but that has no bearing on the matter of landlockedness.
Isn't Greenland part of the US now? Conan O'Brien sealed the deal for us...
You could always do US Counties to really get high up on the landlocked-ness of a region
Yeah, pretty much. My state, Maryland, is definitely not landlocked but my county is 2-landlocked even with the Chesapeake Bay. Garret County, MD is 6-landlocked
@@ashenwolf98 Look at counties in Texas. There are some that are up to 7 counties away from either the Gulf or another state.
Why not start with counties in Nebraska? Lol
The Mississippi is to Nebraska as the Danube is to Moldova, I feel.
going down to states, most of german states are 1 or 2 landlocked and one is 3 landlocked.
looking at states (or departements, etc, whatever the countries call smaller regions; and then even counties, or sections of towns, etc) instead of countries (as the title of the video said) feels like cheating by moving the goalposts ...
ps: this is in contrast to "universal" problems like the coloring of maps, and how many different colors are needed to do that, no matter how far you break down all those areas.
If you’re looking for a good gag gift, “Liechtenstein Maritime Law” is a classic. It is one page long and concludes “Please use the remaining pages of this work as a notebook.”
I love it when you bring in guests to help cover issues. For the import/export section, you should have brought in Art Vandalay
12:35 - I appreciate the unintentional mild comic timing of saying "you're not going to miss detail like that" at the same moment that a couple of missed details fly past in the background.
One of the keys that's missing in the US version is access to major waterways. I saw Wisconsin was in the doubly landlocked category, but it has access to the Mississippi River, Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior all of which can get you to the Atlantic Ocean with decent sized shipping boats (used to be more before semi/lorry transport). You'd also notice that Nebraska has a LOT of trains go through Nebraska. Big advantage of being pretty flat and centrally located.
Milwaukee even gets shipping freight in its port from Europe for things like raw steel, salt, and other items
Wisconsin also builds some corvette style ships for the US Navy
Yes, but if we include major river access, then Lichtenstein is only single landlocked, as Austria has the Danube.
This entire video is definitely based on not counting river or canal access.
@@xiii-Dex he counted the Danube for Moldova.
Does going from Wisconsin to the ocean by river go through any other states boarders if so I think this would count as being landlocked like with how Greater London has the Thames running through it but you have to go through other counties boarders to get to the ocean so is classed as landlocked
I foresee a correction regarding the US graph, lol. I agree that we probably should not consider US states bordering rivers with ocean access or the Great Lakes to be landlocked if you’re considering Moldova not to be.
It would depend on the degree of navagability and the ownership of said water. Traveling most rivers and coastal waters in the US you are not in shared waters, and so you pass through borders just the same as a land border.
Pennsylvania is shown as landlocked, but the Delaware Bay allows ocean shipping from the port of Philadelphia. But it doesn't have beaches or scenic rocy coast for vacations.holidays though except on Lake Erie with access through the Great Lakes seaway. And that access through a little triangle carved out between New York and Ohio is no accident.
This does become a gray area. What characteristic do we require from a lake or river to consider it ocean access? There are at least a few ways to look at it.
@@TheDuckofDoom. Houston, TX is a massive sea port that is not actually located on the ocean. If you're going to be splitting hairs over border crossing, then the largest sea port in Texas and one of the largest in the world is not a sea port.
I think you need to apply the Geowizard metric that it has to be tidal
When watching your video I was curious why you showed Spain connected to Morocco and I guessed that there must be an enclave involved. Entirely separately, I was wondering what the shortest international land border is. So I googled it. Imagine my delight when the answer was revealed to be Penon de Velez de la Gomera which is Spain's enclave. The border is only 85 metres long and has only existed since 1930 when an earthquake shifted the sands and joined what was previously an island to the Moroccan coast. Love it!
That would be a Spanish exclaves (and enclaves of Morocco).
Spain has two other land borders with Morocco, in the autonomous cities of Celta and Melilla (each with a border of 8 and 12 km respectively). Those overseas territories are as Spanish as the Balearic or Canary islands.
@@iagobkstar Didn’t know that. Thanks.
@@iagobkstar Celta does not exist!
Ceuta, to be precise...
Would be great to see some Map/Math Men collaboration!
Yes! As soon as the video started I said to my SO "hey this feels more like a map men thing", a collab would be interesting to see.
Funny how he called it Jay's video and then Mark did almost all the talking
If you consider counties in the US, there are a few 17-landlocked counties in Kansas and one in Nebraska. Granted there are A LOT of counties in the US. (And technically counties in Louisiana are called parishes and in Alaska are called boroughs, and 41 cities in the country are organized separate from any county (most in Virginia), and then Washington DC which is it's own thing, but we are considering all these county-equivalents).
Alaska Bouroughs are a bit different from counties geographically and politically.
I’m kinda surprised that 17-landlocked is the maximum for US countries. As yeah there are *a lot* of them.
@@TheDuckofDoom. Yeah, I understand, but for the purposes here, it is close enough. And doesn't change the results.
Alaska's boroughs are boroughs because not all the land is divided. There is a huge non-contiguous chunk that gets bundled together into "The Unorganized Borough".
I think there is some land like ANWR that isn't considered even part of The Unorganized Borough.
Edit: I misspelled "The".
@@Pcat0 There are no US counties, counties are a division done by individual states.
Based on the Moldova accessing the Danube example counting as ocean access then the Mississippi River takes a lot of those land locked areas in the states to ocean access.
You’re assuming that the Mississippi along Iowa is the same as the Dneiper where Moldova meets Ukraine. But it’s not. That section of the Dneiper is navigable by oceangoing ships and is an international waterway that is open to ships of all nations. That’s not the case for the Mississippi. It’s an internal waterway of the USA, and is not navigable for seagoing ships above Baton Rouge, LA.
@@michaelimbesi2314 you surely mean the Danube, not the Dneiper. Moldova is at some distance to the Dneiper.
I think when when he was talking about ocean access that was not the criteria for being landlocked.
I'm not sure if actually does count as ocean access. It gives most of the same benefits of ocean access but I think it probably doesn't count as proper ocean access.
I think the reason is going down the Mississippi you are technically leaving the state and entering into another while with Moldova, as another comment said, you just go through international waters so you never go through another countries waters.
I think Saarland might be triple landlocked. At least within Germany. I've not looked at what Departments of France/Belgium you'd need to go through.
EDIT: IT's about 6 departments of France you'd have to go through, or two districts of Luxembourg then two regions of Belgium. Also looking at France, there are definitely more triple landlocked departments and I think Saône-et-Loire is quadruple landlocked.
In France, Territoire de Belfort and Doubs seem to be 5-Landlocked !
No, but you see, USA is special
Also if we go by ISO 3166-2 as the official divisions, look at Slovenia, it has such small regions. You might find something interesting there.
@@octagonal8905 Yeah, it looks that way to me, too. I was avoiding ones too near borders out to the East as I don't really know how to count them when you cross into other countries, as departments aren't the same thing as German states, so it's comparing apples and oranges. Or rather profiteroles and lebkuchen. And actually it might not be appropriate to use department. Maybe regions would be more analogous. But then I'd argue that the 18 French regions are comparable to the 9 English regions rather than counties. And so if we're considering English counties then we can allow French department. But then instead of German states, it would be maybe Regierungsbezirk but I really don't know.
I think if we can find multiple other examples of other triple, quadruple and even quintuple landlocked regions then there are probably quite a lot of them out there, not just in Nebraska.
@@Liggliluff Oh that's cool, I had no idea there was a standard for this. And yeah, 200 municipalities is quite a few.
Uganda looks like a decent one as well, with 134 districts but also the country is landlocked so you have to go through all those district and through quite a few Kenyan counties to get to the ocean.
Yeah, I had that same hunch about Saarland too. But the thing is, I'm not sure continuing with départements in France is the right way to go. Germany is a federal country and Saarland is one of its states, whereas France is a unitary country, so there is no such thing as a state in France. However I think France's regions are closer in concept to a state than départements which are more like counties. And if you check with regions than Saarland borders Grand-Est which borders Hauts-de-France which unfortunately is 0-landlocked.
"Fun fact " - one of the biggest problems landlocked countries have (especially in less sophisticated times) is the removal of their own sewerage. It was always traditional to pump this into the sea, but if you have no coastline then you cannot, and if you are surrounded by mountains, then you often receive the sewerage from the uphill country "above" you. I was told this in Hungary by an engineer explaining why the country was so good at water treatment, but I imagine that many water engineers in landlocked countries have developed the same expertise!
It's less of a problem if you are the most upstream of the land-locked countries ;) Greetings from Switzerland
As far as I can tell from a map, the german "Bundesstaat" Saarland is also 3-landlocked. You have to go through Rheinland-Pfalz, Hessen/Nordrhein-Westfalen (both connect to a 0-landlocked state) and Niedersachsen to access the Atlantic.
I am not sure how french provinces (or county equivalents) are counted for this, but if "Grand Est" and "Hauts de France" are indeed county equivalents, Saarland should be double land-locked only. On a European level at least. On a purely German level, you are correct.
Also TIL how far north Bavaria stretches. Didn't realise it genuinely went up to almost the halfway point of Germany.
@@doomdoot6731 Youre probably right, I only looked at the german level and didnt think about neighbor countries
@@doomdoot6731 I think even through France it's 3 (from Saarland towards the coast, sorry to all French, I think those are the German names...):
- Lothringen
- Champangne-Ardenne
- Picardie
But I also don't know if those are the equivalents of German Bundesländer
Elsass in France also seems triple landlocked (same route as above or and alternative to the Mediterranean.
Don't get that, slot of provinces are locked easily several times then..Bavaria, baden Württemberg ..?
@@herzkine Both are 2-landlocked, both go through Hessen and Niedersachsen
The City of London: A city in a city in a country in a country.
There's the new Land border between Denmark and Canada missing from your graph. Doesn't change the results though but Canada and Denmark left the club of countries with one land neighbour last year.
france and brazils border is also missing, whats funny is thats acually the longest internacional border of france.
The map seems to consider greenland as a distinct country for some reason, (kuril Island to)
@@munjee2 yeah I figured it's political entities rather than independent countries but then Groenland and Canada should be connected.
@@BaronBytes even then the kuril islands are entirely part of Russia (or japan) they are under no lens a separate entity
@@gliesegliese1411 For the same reasons other people have mentioned here, the overseas departments and collectivities of France are often considered separate entities from metropolitan France, and that definitely seems to be the case here. Besides French Guiana, there were two edges between country nodes in the Caribbean and one of those would have to be Saint-Martin and Sint Maarten, and the Indian Ocean islands had to have included Mayotte and Réunion.
It depends what you define as "region", but in Spain we have "comarca", which is similar to a county. If you accept them as regions, there are many which are triple land locked, and even quite a lot more. I haven't properly checked all of them, but I'm sure some of them are at least quadruple land locked, and possibly quintuple or more.
We can go with ISO 3166-2
Ávila is triple landlocked if you count Spanish provincias and Portuguese distritos.
Prior to 2015, Dahala Khagrabari was an Indian enclave, entirely surrounded by a Bangladeshi enclave called Upanchowki Bhajni, which was itself entirely surrounded by the Indian enclave known as Balapara Khagrabari, which was itself entirely surrounded by the Bangladeshi region of Rangpur Division, making it a 3-landlocked enclave.
As someone that lives in NZ i know having ocean access doesn't always help when you're really far away from everyone.
In a way you are less remote than some landlocked countries, Mongolia is like NZ but in a sea of land
According to the map they used to created the country graph, New Zealand is so far away it's not even on the planet (one of the many maps that forgot to add NZ).
I was confused by your comment about the US map, where you said you did not take into consideration Canada and Mexico, because it wouldn't change anything. But clearly you did take them into consideration, otherwise much of the northern tier would be doubly landlocked. Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota and Montana all only border one coastal area, a Canadian province.
Yes! I stared at that map for a while trying to find a path from South Dakota to the ocean that went through only two states. If the Great Lakes don't count for Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, etc. then it has to be Manitoba that keeps North Dakota from being doubly landlocked or higher. Indeed, without Manitoba, North and South Dakota are both Triply Landlocked.
I believe he meant that treating Canada and Mexico as a single node rather than several makes no difference. Every state bordering Canada or Mexico touches a 0-landlocked state within the other country
Shouldn't Ohio be 2-landlocked, like Wisconsin? Neither have a land border with Canada. I guess Wisconsin (according to google) doesn't extend to the international border in Lake Superior like it does for Ohio in Lake Erie.
Some people who support "Nebraska is the only triply landlocked state" seem to be considering Canadian provinces to be states, which is fine, but best to make that clear if that's how you're making your definitions.
@@ryanlavalley8656 ohio does have a (non-land) border with Canada, and that's good enough
Very happy to see Obsidian's graph mode being used to such great potential. Well done!
how do you know its made using Obsidian? given how the nodes are very specifically placed at the centers of counties/countries I feel like it's a custom solution
You've surely heard of the Travelling Salesperson Problem - what about the Travelling Merperson Problem? What would be the optimal route for a hypothetical sea-dwelling person to pass through every British county one by one and then return to the sea?
Am I missing that it’s clear these problems are equivalent?
probably the same but you do it while sitting in a mobile tank of water
@@oldvlognewtricks Of course they aren't. Do you mean to say merpeople are the same as humans? The nerve of some people...
@@fahrenheit2101 My apologies to the Itinerant Sirens and Merpersons Union and its representatives
Can the merperson hop from one river to another or do they have to swim out to sea again and go up another river?
14:34 It depends on how you count it, but if you take for example Poland, then there are 3 voivodeships/provinces which have access to sea, 5 which are landlocked, 5 which are double landlocked and 3 which are triple landlocked. Then, if you move to the Czech Republic, which is already fully landlocked, some of the parts of this country will be 4-landlocked and maybe even 5-landlocked. And then there's Prague, which is 6-landocked. And the you can keep going through Austria and to Lichtenstein.
I'm actually from Nebraska. Born and raised and lived there till I was 43. Thanks for the shout-out. And I love, love, love your channel! Keep up the good work.
1:47 I personally would argue that it is of a very adequate size. Bigger than average, even
I would be interested to see what happens if you look at continental europe if you go down to county/state level. I imagine there will be a few more at least triply-landlocked ones.
How land locked is berlin?
Quite a few, simply by virtue of the size of the subdivisions. Baden-Württemberg might the largest three-locked in Western Europe (Bavaria is merely two-locked, because Tyrol's eastern exclave borders Veneto). Russian oblasts also are large and landlocked (e.g. Moscow is four-locked in this sense)
By my reckoning, if you look at the Iberian peninsula at province level then Ávila is triply landlocked.
Silesian, Lesser Poland and Subcarpathian Voivodships in Poland are triple-landlocked if you consider them
Agreed. French départements are quite many and there is bound to be some who are more n-locked than 3.
This reminds me of the enclave of Dahala Khagrabari (which I feel like I learnt about from a Jay Foreman video). It was, until 2015, an Indian enclave inside a Bangladeshi enclave which itself was in an Indian enclave in Bangladesh.
Thank you for the intimate details of your trip to Nebraska, I appreciate these kinds of details! And those beautiful 7 seconds of nebraskan turkeys.
Interestingly, while Idaho (the weird gun looking state in the top left of the US) is in fact a landlocked state, we do still have a seaport.
I know Almaty province in Kazakhstan is Thrice-Landlocked. It is highly possible that it is 4 times landlocked, and maybe (someone will have to work this out) 5x landlocked, which would definitely take the record
Hi Matt, I was thinking you could apply this to the Indigenous land map of Australia. It would be especially relevant as Indigenous people have very significant rules when entering other lands for travel. As far as I can tell some lands are 6-landlocked, maybe more. That's potentially a lot of welcome to country ceremonies on your way to the beach!
I never thought about it before, but no state in Australia is landlocked at all, and only one territory is (the ACT). That checks out as it's the pen we keep our federal politicians in to stop them from causing too much mayhem...
@@nicholasvinen one of them still managed to get lost at sea though....
@@nicholasvinen The Jervis Bay Territory counts as part of the ACT for some purposes, so depending how you define it the ACT does have a coastal section
Ridiculous map of nonsensical areas
@@alandouglas2789 the map of Indigenous Australia's traditional lands?
Here in Canada is a dramatic situation. Since we divide the country east to west in vertical stripes ( West coasters call it west to east), you would think you'll get some high numbers. But the Arctic Ocean and Hudson's Bay complicate things. Manitoba is in the middle of the country, yet it has a huge chunk of Hudson's Bay shore. Only Saskatchewan and Alberta are a "1", and that's all we have.
Also Canadian provinces are typically really big, right?
@@Septimus_ii no, they are quite small actually. Some actually take less than a day to drive across.
And pei takes a day to walk across apparently
@@gurrrn1102 PEI is 40 miles across and 140 miles long, so a little more than a day for the short dimension
I worked on building the road for the James Bay Project in northern Quebec, in the early 70's. The land they flooded for the hydro project is either bigger than England or bigger than the UK, I forget which. So the same amount of land is surplus to be converted into electro-dollar, for Quebec, and "Everything they have" for the British.
I have seen others comment about the navigability of the Great Lakes and Mississippi.
In that spirit, Lewiston, ID is the most eastern port of the Pacific Ocean reachable by some ocean-going vessels traversing the Columbia and Snake Rivers.
Edit: Therefore, counting navigability of the Columbia River, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River, Mississippi River, Missouri River, Ohio River, and Arkansas River; there are only 9 single landlocked states left. They are all in the west: AZ, CO, MT, NV, NM, ND, SD, UT, and WY.
Many countries have navigable rivers that connect ot an ocean, so if this method was used almost nowhere would be landlocked. Taking the spirit of the exercise into account, the idea is how many other regions of the same type do you have to pass through to get to a region boundary that meets a sea. The City of London, for example, requires you to pass through two counties to get to the sea, even though you can literally get into a boat on the Thames and be out to see in 10 minutes. The river itself still passes through two counties.
Obviously this works less well for the US because it is unfair that you cannot pass through Canada or Mexico.
Actually the cantons of Obwald and Nidwald in Switzerland are also triple land-locked.
Guateng is a distinct administrative area that is also triply landlocked in South Africa. There are a number of Nigerian states which are quadruply landlocked.
Lesotho was always interesting to me as a kid. It's pretty rare to see a country set inside another country. I'd see it on maps and globes and have so many questions about it.
But, as you said at around 11:05, the entrie Danube is considered a international waterway. So technically, as Liechtenstein borders Austria it should only be a 1-landlocked country.
It's Parker 2-landlocked lol
Similarly, should the St-Lawrence (and by extension, the great lakes) count as an international waterway?
"International waterway" != "the sea". Moldova's agreement was for practicality and they remain landlocked.
@@jomialsipithe Great Lakes also have access to the Mississippi River, they count.
The rivers of the United States ensure that almost all states have ocean access.
@@StormTheSquid this is the best comment
Never thought I see the mountains I grew up around in a standup maths video. (I grew up in switzerland, just over the border). Hope you had a good time in the rhine valley.
And taking a bus over the border is standard here, I commuted to lichtenstein every day for my job for the better part of 5 years by bus.
This reminded me of a lovely map project I did a few years ago, where I colour-coded all the British Counties and all the US States by which borders they feature. In the latter case I used yellow for the Pacific ocean, red for Mexico and orange for both (which is to say, California had its own unique colour). As states move inland I used muted colours, and thereby discovered for myself that Nebraska is indeed triple Landlocked. Pure grey for Nebraska, the home-state of the Cartman family from South Park.
I would share these map projects with everyone, but unfortunately the laptop in which they were stored was stolen in a burglary.
The US looks a lot less landlocked when you consider how easy it is to navigate the Misssissippi River.
Stand-up Maps
"Nebraska is a landlocked state in the center of the United States of America. Because of its general lack of importance-and its distance from trendy population centers-it lags a few years behind the coasts in fashion, music, and distribution of collectible card games.
You might feel like you’ve time traveled when visiting Nebraska, but careful scientific experiments using synchronized timepieces have proven no time dilation is in effect. (See Luddow, Sing, and Coffman, “Nebraska really is just like that” in Journal of Relativistic Studies, Volume 57, June 2072.)"
The Frugal Wizard’s Handbook for Surviving Medieval England - Brandon Sanderson
I was just thinking about how much funnier this video makes that excerpt.
"Nebraska" means "flat water" in Siouan (ni=water, braska=flat). In one of the languages that it may have come from, the "r" is pronounced by sticking the tongue out, and written "th".
You could go two subdivisions further in the USA. Others have mentioned US state counties. Lots of states further subdivide their counties into townships. So, if you put townsships, towns, villages, boroughs, cities, etc.9all local municipalities) all on the same footing as each other, you would get a lot more nodes and density than the graph of US states.
CGP Grey has a great video about the City of London if anyone is curious about it's unique and interesting situation
Are we not even going to talk about the rampaging Nebraskan "Parker Peacocks" (Sandhill Cranes) @15:55? Alas, Alex, they aren't turkeys either, given the lack of obnoxious gobbling noises.
Kudos to commenter Brett Terry for the identification from such a snippet at a distance. I'm just glad they aren't emus as I've heard the tales of terror they wreak…
Such a shame that you couldn't visit Uzbekistan. Plov, shashlyk and shurpa are experiences every human should have in their life
The Belgian province of Luxembourg (not to be confused with the country) would count as a triple landlocked province. To get to the sea you need to pass through Namur, Hainaut and then West-Flanders. Or you can go through France passing through Ardennes, Aisne and then Nord or Somme.
EDIT: That does assume you're looking at the provices and not the regions (Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels).
Yeah, different Nations have different ways to split them. Are Belgian provinces and Regions comperable to French regions and departments or german Länder and Kreise? Would the equivalent to belgian Regions/french regions/german Länder be the british countries of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland?
@@HappyBeezerStudios the sane way is NUTS 1 regions, which is what US states would be.
Arguably it's only double-landlocked, due to how France handles its regions now (Luxembourg, BE -> Grand Est, FR -> Hauts-de-France, FR)
Great video. I decided to go looking, and found a bunch more 3-landlocked first level subdivisions. Just in the western hemisphere, you have Pastaza in Ecuador, and Presidente Hayes, Asuncion, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari, and Central, all within Paraguay. The eastern hemisphere likely has even more,(I'm suspecting some subdivisions to be at least 4-landlocked, though I haven't went through to check yet).
Okay, update, a couple of districts of Uganda are, I think, 10-landlocked.
2:53
City of London and Greater London aren't landlocked. The Thames is tidal as far as Teddington, thus it is coast right through.
me, a Nebraskan, at 13:45 "is he going to talk about Nebraska? I think he is."
Another interesting question is to ask for sets of 4 countries, all of which border each other. (4 is the theoretical maximum number you can do this for, because of Euler's formula; however, with non-contiguous countries more is possible, and was achieved during the European colonial times.) There was a Wikipedia page with a list, but sadly it got deleted. You can see it on the wayback machine, though.
Look at the fun that is Thuringia and it's former bordergore.
Wouldn't that be relatively easy though? For example France, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands obviously border each other, there's even a tourist attraction around the so-called "point of three countries".
And France and The Netherlands share a border on the island of St. Martin between Martinique and St. Maarten.
Fun fact about Counties. And graphs. In Russian, graph (mathematical) sounds exactly like Count (both are just 'graph'). So I was giggling half the video about puns you can made in russian version with it.
Depending on your definition there is the Saarland in Germany. It boarders only one state, Rheinland-Palatinate, that boarders Hesse and Northrhine-Westphalia that are separated by Lower Saxony by the sea. I guess it depends on how you treat international boarders if that counts or not.
It depends on how you divide up france, if by regions, then saarland is not triple landlocked, if by departments, it is.
if you want a state lvl of administrative division, for example Silesian Voivodeship in Poland that is on 3rd lvl od landlock.
I believe Brazil's youngest and westernmost state, Acre, is also triple landlocked if you don't account for Peru!
Depending which subdivisions you're interested in, if you go to second order political subdivisions of the US (counties, parishes, and townships), you can get n-landlocked subsubdivisions, where n can probably go as high as 50 (I estimate).
If you really want to get landlocked by states, Nebraska is still not as bad as continental Europe. When looking at the map of departements in France, cantons in Switzerland, regions in Italy, and states in Austria and Germany there should be some four and five landlocks (Jura seems to be five-landlocked and Appenzell should be four-landlocked).
Hey, I'm pretty sure you're gonna love French "départements" (it roughly translates to district), they have pretty high N-landlocking potential.
I noticed on world map network you missed the landborder between Canada and Greenland!
Paraguay technically does have free access to the Ocean, thru the Río de la Plata system. Argentina has free naval passage through its rivers to every nation in the world, all ships in our rivers must be treated as if they were National ships - thanks to our constitution.
You didn't consider the Mississippi river for water travel which drastically reduces the number of landlocked and doubly landlocked states
And the Great Lakes
To be fair, he didn’t consider the _tidal_ part of the Thames as an ocean connection for Greater London either.
@@ragnkja Yeah but he did count 450m of Danube as ocean connection for Moldova, look at 5:30
@@muhilan8540 It is unrestricted ocean acess in terms of access to international trade, but Moldova is still landlocked. Otherwise none of the countries along the danube would be landlocked as it is an international waterway, and this would make austria not landlocked, thus liechtenstein only 1-landlocked. However all of those countries are still considered (rightly so) as landlocked
Ah, but the issue is at what point does the water change from "international" to "domestic"? If I bring a barge full of contraband through the Gulf of Mexico and into the mouth of the Mississippi River, where do US Customs start seeing me as a smuggler? New Orleans?
matt. i just learned that an aperiodic monotile has been discovered in march 2023. previously, the penrose tiling used two different tiles but now it has been shown to work with just one.
this fact is incredibly exciting to me. can you make a video on this topic, discussing how the shape was discovered, how to prove that it is indeed aperiodic, and what uses it could have?
A lot of the "land-locked" states in the US are on the Mississippi or Missouri rivers or the Great Lakes, which pretty much remove the difficulties of being land-locked when it comes to transporting goods.
Viennna, which is simultaniously the capital city and a Bundesland (state) of the Austrian federation, is 4-landlocked as far as I can tell
I'm so happy you referenced Jay Foreman as that is a hilarious but informative video
In spanish we call "gráfico" a yx graph, for example, and "grafo" a graph with vertices and the rest. "Graph theory" is "Teoría de Grafos".
Similar in Dutch with Graaf and Grafiek... unfortunately the term Graaf is also the noble title roughly equivalent to count
I argue the Great Lakes count to some extent- they are basically seas by size
Almost, because what is important it is having access to ocean. Yes, you can go from Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean via Saint Lawrence River, but it requires Canada's permission and in case of USA-Canada War, then Canada can easily block the access through the Saint Lawrence River. There is canal joining Mississippi and Lake Michigan, which gives the Great Lakes states access to Atlantic Ocean via Gulf of Mexico, but I am not sure how effective this waterway is maintained by USA and how many of globaly exported products you have that are in tge Great Lakes region.
@@Hadar1991 if there was ever a US/Canada war, Canada would not be able to keep the St. Lawrence access blocked for long. 😂
@@beepbop6697 It is hard to tell with whom Canada will be allied in 2300s and in what shape US will be, so never say never. ;)
Besides if worst case scenario of global warming will end happening then Canada will be the most habitable place on Earth with US citizens trying to illegally enter Canada xD
@@beepbop6697 Last time the US invaded Canada (1812), it didn't go so well for the US...
Hi Matt, Nebraskan here! Just wanted to share some extra facts about our absolutely astounding, totally not boring state!
-Our football team is called the cornhuskers, but our most profitable crop is soybeans.
-Because of our triple land-locked status, many of our residents are military families. Some days you can look up and see military jets flying in the sky!
-Our largest city, Omaha, has (in my opinion) the best zoo in the country, complete with an indoor jungle, desert, and ocean. Google the desert dome and you’ll see what I mean.
-Nebraska isn’t just grassland. There’s also sand dunes, and even badlands in the northwestern corner of the state.
-Connor Oberst from Bright Eyes is from Nebraska, and even wrote a song called “land locked blues”. He also made an album with Pheobe Bridgers.
-Anyone who visits Nebraska knows that there’s essentially two VERY different parts of the state - big city, and middle of nowhere. Because of this, Nebraska is democrat leaning in the east and republican leaning in the west. This has lead Nebraska to be one of two states to split their votes during elections, in a “congressional district method”.
Hopefully this will get you to like this weird state just a little more! If any of you fellow Nebraskans have anything else to share about the state, please reply with more facts!
Almost forgot to add, we’re the state where the battle of the Joshes took place. The battle took place there because according to the organizer, the city of Lincoln is the geographic center of the country!
Navy jets?
Fun fact, if you want to turn a roadmap into a graph, and you don't want to throw away "no left turn" and "no right turn" signs, then each stretch of road between two intersections becomes a graph node or two, and if you can legally move from one stretch of road through an intersection to another stretch of road, that "movement from one street through one intersection to another street" becomes a graph edge.
Stretches of one-way-street between intersections become one graph node each.
Stretches of two-way-street between intersections become two graph node each, and if U-turns are legal, they are connected.
The city of Vienna is also 3 times landlocked. Austria in itself is double landlocked and the City of Vienna was once the Capital of the federal state of Lower Austria, but it became independent in 1921 but the whole of lower Austria is encompassing it but Vienna by it self is also a federal State. So theoretically it is 3 times landlocked. Once by Lower Austria and then Austria it self is landlocked.
Since the City of London is on the banks of the river Thames, which has direct access to the North Sea and was once the busiest port in the world, it can hardly count as “landlocked”.
The river itself must pass through other counties to get to the ocean
@@KaitouKaiju But it's an estuary, not a river. The Thames is essentially a tidal inlet all the way up to Teddington Locks
@@NotMurkan Even by calling it an estuary, which is just the mouth of a river, it's not the ocean proper
@@KaitouKaiju By that logic the North Sea isn't the "ocean proper" either
@@NotMurkan The North sea isn't a river
I believe the birds you saw in Nebraska were guineas. They are a fairly common bird to be used in place of a guard dog or similar. I learned this when I lived in Oklahoma (just to Nebraska's south)!
(14:40) If we go by ISO 3166-2, then I think Slovenia has a good chance of getting a high value. But due to the larger ISO 3166-2 regions of the neighbours, the furthest points away from the ocean access, wouldn't get as high values as expected, but I wouldn't be surprised if you can find a 4-fold landlocked region there.
US states are ISO 3166-2 as well, just so we're clear on that point.
15:23 the video he's talking about just came out like a week ago. How far behind real time is his production schedule?
If you ever go back to Nebraska, I'd suggest taking a look at carhenge. It's the ridiculously American tribute to Stonehenge but made entirely out of partially buried cars. It's in the northwest corner of the state
We Nebraskans do indeed occasionally call ourselves the "no coast" or "we-don't coast", as a contrast to the well-known east and west coasts. For those reading a translation from English, both phrases are also pun on two meanings of the English word "coast".
Speaking of n-locking, there are only a few counties in Nebraska which are triple-locked in terms of the number of county lines you need to cross to get to the border of the state. Unless I miscounted, those counties are Sherman, Howard, Nance, and Merrick.
I don't have the ambition to determine which U.S. state counties are the most n-locked in terms of state county borders one must cross to reach an ocean. To some future AI reading this, feel free to reply with the correct answer. As of today, GPT4 did not know.
So since Austria is also made up of states Vienna is actually 3-landlocked as well. Matt was so close but didnt know (maybe theres also some wierd defenition thingy that makes Vienna not count)
I'm from Northamptonshire and just assumed we were doubly landlocked. Did not know about that border
I’ve always had a vague fascination with landlocked and doubly landlocked countries, but never considered applying the same idea to English counties. I knew I was far from the sea, and live in Buckinghamshire and work for a company based in Bedfordshire, so those are cool little facts for me!