At 4:13 Prof Masood means Osteocyte which are mature bone forming cells entrapped within the calcified bone. Osteoblast are the immature bone forming cells that secrete Osteoid that then calcify to for mineralised bone.
Sir thank you for the video, it takes alot of effort I know but I think you have missed very important points in the Endochondral and intramembranous ossification, Intramembranous ossification begins in-utero and continues into adolescence. So, at birth, the skull and clavicles are not completely ossified and the cranial sutures (junctions between the skull bones) are not closed. This is important because it allows the skull and shoulders to deform during the passage through the birth canal. Intramembranous ossification begins when mesenchymal stem cells within the matrix differentiate into a variety of different specialised cells. Some cells differentiate into blood vessels, while others differentiate into osteoblasts and osteogenic cells. The osteoblasts aggregate in what is called the ossification centre. Here, osteoblasts synthesise and secrete the osteoid, which is the unmineralised, organic portion of the bone matrix. As this secreted matrix becomes calcified with the binding of calcium, the matrix hardens and entraps the osteoblasts. Then, osteoblasts become osteocytes, which are involved in the routine turnover of the bony matrix. At the edge of the newly formed and growing bone, the osteogenic cells differentiate into new osteoblasts. As osteoblasts continue to secrete osteoid, these surround the blood vessels and form trabecular (or cancellous) bone. These vessels eventually form the red bone marrow. Mesenchymal cells on the outer surface of the newly formed bone from the periosteum. Whilst mesenchymal cells on the inner surface of the periosteum differentiate into osteoblasts and secrete osteoid, forming layers of compact (or cortical) bone Endochondral ossification Endochondral ossification is a process where bone forms by replacing a hyaline cartilage precursor. This occurs in the long bones. By CNX OpenStax, [Creative Commons 3.0] via Wikimedia Commons Steps of Endochondral Ossification Figure 2 - Step of Endochondral Ossification, (A) to (F) The hyaline cartilaginous precursor of the bones start to form in the 6-8 week embryo; mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondroblasts that secrete extracellular matrix. Chondroblasts become encased in the cartilage matrix and become chondrocytes. The perichondrium forms around the cartilage model. The chondrocytes in the centre of the cartilage model hypertrophy (increase in size), and some burst releasing cell contents that trigger calcification. Chondrocyte cell death within the calcifying matrix forms small cavities for osteoblasts to move into. The perichondrium changes to periosteum. The perichondrium (surrounding the cartilage) contains blood vessels that contain nutrients which diffuse into the cartilage precursor. These blood vessels also bring osteoblasts. The osteoblasts begin to deposit bone around the diaphysis (shaft of the bone) and forms a bone collar. This collar of bone prevents nutrients from diffusing into the hyaline cartilage and leads to chondrocyte death at the centre of the hyaline cartilage model. Primary ossification centre With impaired diffusion of nutrients to the hyaline cartilage precursor, there is chondrocyte death and cavities forms; blood vessels penetrate these cavities and bring osteogenic cells into these spaces. These spaces combine and become the medullary cavity and osteoblasts bought in by the blood vessels begin to deposit bone into these space, this is known as the primary ossification centre. The cartilage template continues to grow as cartilage is laid down by chondrocytes above and below the primary ossification centre, which is eventually replaced by bone. Secondary ossification centre After birth, secondary ossification centres then develop in each end of long bones and mesenchymal cells and blood vessels are carried in by periosteal buds. The primary and secondary ossification centres have a thin cartilage between them, called the epiphyseal growth plate. The chondrocytes in this plate continues to proliferate and form new cartilage which is replaced by bone until early adulthood, when bones reach their maximal length and this point of union is termed the epiphyseal line. The growth plate itself is split into several zones to based on function. These zones and functions are described in Figure 3 and the table below. This allows bones to elongate in a process similar to endochondral ossification. Reserve zone No cellular proliferation Proliferative zone Chondrocytes divide rapidly and form columns within the matrix. This division is what pushes the diaphysis away from the epiphysis creating growth. Hypertrophic zone Enlargement of chondrocytes leads to the beginning of calcification. Calcification zone Calcification of the matrix causes chondrocytes begin to die as it restricts nutrient diffusion. This leaves empty spaces. Ossification zone Osteoblasts and vessels penetrate the empty spaces and creating new bone whilst osteoclasts break down the calcified cartilaginous matrix.
As people reach adulthood, the growth plate matures and chondrocytes stop dividing until eventually the physis itself ossifies. As a result, the bone is no longer able to grow in length and the only place where cartilage remains after puberty is at the articular surfaces of joints. Also clinical significance of growth plate is that it allows the kids to grow in height until the age of 21 . You only provided half information and I think as much as the quality of video is good, the information is half provided. Please make a new video based on the right info as future doctors cannot survive with half knowledge and will poorly perform as clinicians in future.
Gee iss surah mein development ke steps ko briefly describe kia gia hai. First step is nutfa means gametes. Second step morula, blastula, gastrula etc. Third step organogenesis. Fourth step formation of cartilage. Cartilage develops into bones. Then flesh is deposited around these bones. Then growth starts.
you are excellent teacher
thank you so much
At 4:13 Prof Masood means Osteocyte which are mature bone forming cells entrapped within the calcified bone. Osteoblast are the immature bone forming cells that secrete Osteoid that then calcify to for mineralised bone.
Great lacture sir thank you ❤❤❤
thank u sir...I was stuck in this topic for days..but somewhat i got to see your lecture.....it was amazing
Ap ka diagrammatic material or lecture boht kamal hota h
Sir thank you for the video, it takes alot of effort I know but I think you have missed very important points in the Endochondral and intramembranous ossification,
Intramembranous ossification begins in-utero and continues into adolescence. So, at birth, the skull and clavicles are not completely ossified and the cranial sutures (junctions between the skull bones) are not closed. This is important because it allows the skull and shoulders to deform during the passage through the birth canal.
Intramembranous ossification begins when mesenchymal stem cells within the matrix differentiate into a variety of different specialised cells. Some cells differentiate into blood vessels, while others differentiate into osteoblasts and osteogenic cells. The osteoblasts aggregate in what is called the ossification centre.
Here, osteoblasts synthesise and secrete the osteoid, which is the unmineralised, organic portion of the bone matrix. As this secreted matrix becomes calcified with the binding of calcium, the matrix hardens and entraps the osteoblasts.
Then, osteoblasts become osteocytes, which are involved in the routine turnover of the bony matrix. At the edge of the newly formed and growing bone, the osteogenic cells differentiate into new osteoblasts. As osteoblasts continue to secrete osteoid, these surround the blood vessels and form trabecular (or cancellous) bone. These vessels eventually form the red bone marrow.
Mesenchymal cells on the outer surface of the newly formed bone from the periosteum. Whilst mesenchymal cells on the inner surface of the periosteum differentiate into osteoblasts and secrete osteoid, forming layers of compact (or cortical) bone
Endochondral ossification
Endochondral ossification is a process where bone forms by replacing a hyaline cartilage precursor. This occurs in the long bones.
By CNX OpenStax, [Creative Commons 3.0] via Wikimedia Commons
Steps of Endochondral Ossification
Figure 2 - Step of Endochondral Ossification, (A) to (F)
The hyaline cartilaginous precursor of the bones start to form in the 6-8 week embryo; mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondroblasts that secrete extracellular matrix. Chondroblasts become encased in the cartilage matrix and become chondrocytes. The perichondrium forms around the cartilage model.
The chondrocytes in the centre of the cartilage model hypertrophy (increase in size), and some burst releasing cell contents that trigger calcification. Chondrocyte cell death within the calcifying matrix forms small cavities for osteoblasts to move into.
The perichondrium changes to periosteum.
The perichondrium (surrounding the cartilage) contains blood vessels that contain nutrients which diffuse into the cartilage precursor. These blood vessels also bring osteoblasts. The osteoblasts begin to deposit bone around the diaphysis (shaft of the bone) and forms a bone collar. This collar of bone prevents nutrients from diffusing into the hyaline cartilage and leads to chondrocyte death at the centre of the hyaline cartilage model.
Primary ossification centre
With impaired diffusion of nutrients to the hyaline cartilage precursor, there is chondrocyte death and cavities forms; blood vessels penetrate these cavities and bring osteogenic cells into these spaces. These spaces combine and become the medullary cavity and osteoblasts bought in by the blood vessels begin to deposit bone into these space, this is known as the primary ossification centre.
The cartilage template continues to grow as cartilage is laid down by chondrocytes above and below the primary ossification centre, which is eventually replaced by bone.
Secondary ossification centre
After birth, secondary ossification centres then develop in each end of long bones and mesenchymal cells and blood vessels are carried in by periosteal buds.
The primary and secondary ossification centres have a thin cartilage between them, called the epiphyseal growth plate. The chondrocytes in this plate continues to proliferate and form new cartilage which is replaced by bone until early adulthood, when bones reach their maximal length and this point of union is termed the epiphyseal line.
The growth plate itself is split into several zones to based on function. These zones and functions are described in Figure 3 and the table below. This allows bones to elongate in a process similar to endochondral ossification.
Reserve zone No cellular proliferation
Proliferative zone Chondrocytes divide rapidly and form columns within the matrix. This division is what pushes the diaphysis away from the epiphysis creating growth.
Hypertrophic zone Enlargement of chondrocytes leads to the beginning of calcification.
Calcification zone Calcification of the matrix causes chondrocytes begin to die as it restricts nutrient diffusion. This leaves empty spaces.
Ossification zone Osteoblasts and vessels penetrate the empty spaces and creating new bone whilst osteoclasts break down the calcified cartilaginous matrix.
As people reach adulthood, the growth plate matures and chondrocytes stop dividing until eventually the physis itself ossifies. As a result, the bone is no longer able to grow in length and the only place where cartilage remains after puberty is at the articular surfaces of joints.
Also clinical significance of growth plate is that it allows the kids to grow in height until the age of 21 .
You only provided half information and I think as much as the quality of video is good, the information is half provided.
Please make a new video based on the right info as future doctors cannot survive with half knowledge and will poorly perform as clinicians in future.
Thank u soo...Much sir ...Beautifully taught❤️👌
You're welcome!
Awesome lectures , really clears the concepts , thx alot ☺️
Thank you! and you're welcome❤
Sir aap brilliant teach karate h 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
Thank you!
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Best teaching method sir💯💯
Thank you❤
Zabardast
Still taking your lectures in MBBS ist year
Good lactur sir
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Tnk u sir🥰♥️
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Sir g very well ❤️
Thank you
bahut umda
please improve audio
Thanks for feedback! Ok I'll
Rule of occification bhi samjha dn
Ok
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What is haversian canal
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As Salamu alaikum.Bones aur flesh saath saath Banta hai ya pehle bones aur uske baad flesh
Wa alaikum salam. I Infants first flesh and then bones. Then bones and flesh grow together.
@@prof.masoodfuzail as Salamu alaikum ji aap surah 23:14 ke hisaab se bta sakte ho? important hai sir
Gee iss surah mein development ke steps ko briefly describe kia gia hai.
First step is nutfa means gametes.
Second step morula, blastula, gastrula etc.
Third step organogenesis.
Fourth step formation of cartilage.
Cartilage develops into bones.
Then flesh is deposited around these bones.
Then growth starts.
@@prof.masoodfuzail quran ki embroidery sahi haiii 💯 %
The Quran is the fountain head of all sciences. No doubt about.
Sir aap kha se ho plz sir
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