My dad's eldest brother took part in this action, having joined the Argylls in 1933 at the age of 17. He was captured at Singapore and spent the rest of the war as a P.O.W. Upon being freed he rejoined his regiment, and later fought in Korea and Aden. He retired from the army in 1960, having risen to the rank of RSM. I feel immensely honoured that I knew him.
It sounds dramatic, but a GI might just as easily have cut wires with the lid of a can of Spam. The point is, all that was really needed was a piece of sharp metal, and you use whatever you have on hand under the circumstances, whether that sounds poetic or prosaic.
I'm a Malaysian, and I can tell you that smaller tanks are much more suited to Malaysians tropical environment. Bigger and heavier MBTs will be sitting ducks here.
Kudos to you Dr Felton, for shedding light over a lesser known but very interesting piece of modern history. Lots have been written and said about the german panzerwaffein WW II, but to hear such an intriguing story of japanese armoured warfare is new knowledge to an old history nerd such as myself. A Happy New Year to you and keep up the good work!
lesser known because anglofile english books SHUN these military failures. You might be surprised that italian tanks in North Afrika did on occasions also badly damaged british units...no help from germans..but english narrators STILL attribute german DAK forces in their midst...because "italians can not fight"..
The Japanese tanks weren't always successful during the Malaya campaign of early 1942. On 18 January 1942 gunners of 13th Australian Anti-tank Battery, using 2 pounder anti-tank guns, staged an ambush near Bakri. During the subsequent battle, 8 Japanese type 95 Ha-Go light tanks were destroyed by the gun crews, firstly using solid anti-tank rounds, which passed straight through the first 3 tanks. The Australian gunners then switched to high explosive shells knocking out another 5 Japanese tanks.
Fortunately my father who was a member of the 2/19th Battalion AIF wasn't there at the time. He was later wounded on Singapore and went on to be one of the six survivers of the Sandakan Ranau Death March.
That was the whole point of Japanese tank doctrine, they were fighting enemies that generally didn't have the neccessary heavy equipment to defeat tanks, the Japanese were fighting the Chinese and colonial garrisons which didn't require tank designs of those in Europe and you also had to take into consideration of the Japanese industrial capabilities which of course led to designs that were effective for what they were going up against. But of course Japanese tanks towards the end of the war, when encountering American forces, showed their obsolescence against Sherman tanks.
Faceless Stark There capabilities were were extremely good initially in fact world class when it came to building ships subs and planes. Obviously they didn’t rate tank building as one of them The ‘Sherman’ tank was a terrible tank up against a tiger it took British engineering to make it a decent match for the tiger
You will sometimes see photos of knocked out 95s shot up by antitank fire by Australians on the Bakri / Part Sulong Road, Malaya. These photo's I believe are taken from footage filmed at the time that shows the action. In the film you actually see the antitank gunners firing into the type 95 tanks from point blank range. Pioneers dropped a line of trees across the road as the column of tanks came past to stop and separate them and then the gunners worked along the line and destroyed them. I've seen the photos many times but have only seen this amazing film once.
A very bad day for the British Empire, and well described. JFC Fuller was the British exponent of tank tactics. He was largely ignored by the British general staff, but Major Shimada in Japan, and Generals Rommel and Guderian in Germany, had studied his writing, as had Colonel Charles de Gaulle in France. That is why axis tank tactics were so superior at the star of the war.
Thank you Mark, as a patron myself I encourage more people to join, there are few really good channels like this! Lets help Mark. Happy New Year to Mark and all the subs!
Hella good stuff Mark. Refreshing to see Japanese armor used this effectively considering how much it's been berated by most mainstream historians. They may not have had the most impressive tanks, but for the theaters they operated in, they were adequate if used cleverly as depicted here. Happy New Year by the way. Can't wait to see this channel blow up with views in 2019.
The British were not only lacking hardware, they were lacking effective leadership. The field guns would have made an excellent anti-tank screen if properly deployed. For an artillery battery to be caught setting in "road march" order in the middle of an ongoing battle is inexcusable. If the unit had to move, the guns should have been held in a direct firing position until CSMO was given, (CSMO means Close Station Marching Order, or "get out of Dodge"). Once CSMO is called, a good gun crew can get their gun closed up, and hooked into the prime mover in less that 2 minutes, (our target was 90 seconds). Once hooked up, you MOVE, especially if the enemy is suspected to be in the area. It's sad that so many Commonwealth troops had to pay the price for poor leadership from above. It could have been that the best officers and non-coms were fighting in North Africa at the time, but it's a shame there were not just a few good leaders to resist the Japanese.
Agreed but remember the terrible communications they had, the confusion and disorder was as effective against the British as anything the Japanese did; and many of the British forces had of course been trained and equipped to fight in the old first world war way, i.e. either staying put and slugging it out or moving to a new position TO carry on doing that and expecting the enemy to do the same, nothing in between
Also even had they had good leaders, good communications and had expected that kind of armoured fist-type assault they still lacked the means to counter it, their AA guns and field artillery didn't have AP shells, Boys anti-tank rifles were only effective at very close range and then only against certain parts of the tank rather than the whole thing, their armoured car's machine guns would just bounce off even the thin Japanese tank's armour plate and while what few proper anti-tank guns they did have were good and effective they needed to be in the right positions, they needed to be ready to go and there needed to be a lot more of them. The British and Commonwealth forces actually did pretty well considering the paltry hand they'd been dealt
It's a coincidence that I had just read about this passage of battle in Bill Yenne's book 'The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941-42'. Your excellent video certainly helped with the visualisation of the battle. Good job!
@MarkFeltonProductions - please do more of these LONGER videos. They are extremely entertaining. I love how you break down how each action was fought along with the minute details. Please do more videos of battles/actions!
Japanese military history is so very interesting for me, growing up in England i did not really hear of the action it was mainly European action or pacific US action, but since i got to Aus i started to find more and more details. As ever thank you for the work Mark! i hope you have a great 2019.
This is the very first and only video by Mr Felton where I had already read a book about the event! Shocked I tell you. Regardless, another great video.
My grandfather was part of the 2/30th AIF battalion, and was a POW in Changi for 3 years and 8 months. Half of his battalion died, and underwent some of the most appalling treatment and conditions during WW2. He survived, albeit in a poor state of being, hence I am alive today. Thank you Mark for sharing this story, along with all the others that have helped me to understand what the world went through before I was born
Thank you - I always wanted to be reunited with the tank assault incident that was described in the instructions leaflet of my Fujimi Chi-Ha model, 40+ years ago !!!
Man... that was so depressing to watch and listen to! Just about everything that could go wrong, did go wrong, and even the bold attempts of brave men to rush to where they were most needed, fell victim to inopportune timing - being caught out in the open and unprepared for the daring and well thought out lightning advance of the Japanese tank units. Reminded me of the Japanese Carrier disasters at Midway... caught with their pants down, swapping bomb loads and rearming.
I read a couple of great books on this, the stories of the fighting spirit of the Gurkhas and Punjabis is quite inspiring; however one should note, as was written at the time, that smaller tanks were perfect for these fighting conditions. For example, in the Vietnam war, heavy tanks built for European theaters of war that were used by both sides, were exceptionally ill suited for jungle warfare. Indeed during the island hopping campaign by the Americans, the Stuart light tank proved to be exceptionally useful. Sun Tzu wrote extensively about how vital it was to utilize and match the right tools to the battlefield environment. Though the Japanese may have been brutal and ruthless, I still tip my hat to the military boldness of that Major. Excellent video.
I hope you could do a video about Johore Battery, a former British coastal artillery battery located at Changi, Singapore.It consisted of three large BL 15-inch Mk. I naval guns installed on land by the British government in the late 1930s to defend Singapore from direct invasion by Imperial Japan.
Again a very interesting history story. Please take a look at the history of the Dutch Submarine K XVII. You will be amazed what this submarine discovered and reported in december '41
Japanese intelligence had been mapping and scouting out all of Asia between the wars. Every road, rail line, river and military base had been investigated. The Japanese Navy had better maps of the waters of north eastern Australia than the RAN. With dominant Naval and air-power and the European Nations either occupied or engaged elsewhere the Japanese were unstoppable. Percival was not a top general and lack of modern military equipment and supplies made his poor situation hopeless.
Makes my head hurt thinking how much different History would have been if Great Britain had used all it's Resources to Defend the Empire instead of supplying the Soviets in 1941
Thats sad that the British and Indian troops were left there with nothing to fight with. Poor leadership by the British Empire. Not even any 1 damn tank..What were they supposed to fight tanks with friggin bananas? Never make your troops fight if they have no way of winning. Those were some brave troops. Great video Mark. Yor the best at making videos and your no-nonsense approach to the truth
Shambolic defenses coupled with a horrendous underestimation of the enemy and this is what happens. Hopefully the lessons learned here will never be forgotten.
Don't know the Japanese tank but on Saipan. The Anti aircraft quad watercooler .50 cal. BMG mounted on a ton and quarter truck assigned to my uncle's destroyed the tank which was trying to flank their battery..must have been a very light tank!!!!
Pretty much sums up the performance of our troops in the Malayan campaign. They were no match for the Japanese. It would take another two years of mistakes, and hard fighting, before the lessons were learned and we were able beat the Japanese in the field. Tanks and air superiority helped.
Excellent. I have lived in Singapore. Agree, a massive shortage of proper weapons was a factor as was poor leadership and basic training of the troops.
Another excellent history lesson! I subbed a few months back when you had about 8K subscribers, now you have 50K! I can't believe how quickly the channel is growing. P.S. More content on the PTO would be awesome... It just doesn't get covered enough!
As always; Excellent Documentary, Mark!!! More than any other theater of world war II; The CBI theater, I find among the most facinating. I was wondering if you had already done or a planning to do, an air war CBI documentary, of the various, obsolete allied air forces, verses the Japanese, in the China-Burma-India theater of war. Thanks so much for your great work, Mark.
My dad's eldest brother took part in this action, having joined the Argylls in 1933 at the age of 17. He was captured at Singapore and spent the rest of the war as a P.O.W. Upon being freed he rejoined his regiment, and later fought in Korea and Aden. He retired from the army in 1960, having risen to the rank of RSM.
I feel immensely honoured that I knew him.
6:50
"The Japanese office has cut the wires with his sword" is the most imperial Japanese line ever
It sounds dramatic, but a GI might just as easily have cut wires with the lid of a can of Spam. The point is, all that was really needed was a piece of sharp metal, and you use whatever you have on hand under the circumstances, whether that sounds poetic or prosaic.
@@christosvoskresye I think an Imperial Japanese soldier doing any middling task with a sword, is always poetic.
TheMinipily TENNO HEKKA BANZAI!!!
I'm a Malaysian, and I can tell you that smaller tanks are much more suited to Malaysians tropical environment. Bigger and heavier MBTs will be sitting ducks here.
Kudos to you Dr Felton, for shedding light over a lesser known but very interesting piece of modern history.
Lots have been written and said about the german panzerwaffein WW II, but to hear such an intriguing story of japanese armoured warfare is new knowledge to an old history nerd such as myself.
A Happy New Year to you and keep up the good work!
lesser known because anglofile english books SHUN these military failures.
You might be surprised that italian tanks in North Afrika did on occasions also badly damaged british units...no help from germans..but english narrators STILL attribute german DAK forces in their midst...because "italians can not fight"..
World of tanks wz120a
"The Japanese tanks were small and undergunned."
Japan: *Laughs in having the only tanks*
The fall of Malaya and Singapore are the most tragic stories of the war for me. They were so avoidable in many ways.
The Japanese tanks weren't always successful during the Malaya campaign of early 1942. On 18 January 1942 gunners of 13th Australian Anti-tank Battery, using 2 pounder anti-tank guns, staged an ambush near Bakri. During the subsequent battle, 8 Japanese type 95 Ha-Go light tanks were destroyed by the gun crews, firstly using solid anti-tank rounds, which passed straight through the first 3 tanks. The Australian gunners then switched to high explosive shells knocking out another 5 Japanese tanks.
Fortunately my father who was a member of the 2/19th Battalion AIF wasn't there at the time. He was later wounded on Singapore and went on to be one of the six survivers of the Sandakan Ranau Death March.
Bakri? Lol, I used to live there. Never heard of this before.
Immulating German blitzkrieg tactics. "uses 15 tanks to fight through the jungle"
Can you imagine turning a corner and getting nuked by a 4.5 inch artillery piece from 30 yds away?
I guess even tin can tanks are effective if your adversary has none.
The Boys anti-tank rifle on the British armored cars could have easily taken out the Japanese tanks. Poor optics?
I have read they had a very short range and only about 20 % actually exploded , But then I'm no expert. @@sillyone52062
@VolDep45 The british wont be ready for german auto-reload flying tank in ww3. Titanium outter shell
That was the whole point of Japanese tank doctrine, they were fighting enemies that generally didn't have the neccessary heavy equipment to defeat tanks, the Japanese were fighting the Chinese and colonial garrisons which didn't require tank designs of those in Europe and you also had to take into consideration of the Japanese industrial capabilities which of course led to designs that were effective for what they were going up against. But of course Japanese tanks towards the end of the war, when encountering American forces, showed their obsolescence against Sherman tanks.
Faceless Stark
There capabilities were were extremely good initially in fact world class when it came to building ships subs and planes. Obviously they didn’t rate tank building as one of them
The ‘Sherman’ tank was a terrible tank up against a tiger it took British engineering to make it a decent match for the tiger
Thanks Mark
Happy New Year
love you dad
Blake Robson love you grandpa
Very rare to see Type 95 Ha-Go tanks historical footage
You will sometimes see photos of knocked out 95s shot up by antitank fire by Australians on the Bakri / Part Sulong Road, Malaya.
These photo's I believe are taken from footage filmed at the time that shows the action.
In the film you actually see the antitank gunners firing into the type 95 tanks from point blank range.
Pioneers dropped a line of trees across the road as the column of tanks came past to stop and separate them and then the gunners worked along the line and destroyed them.
I've seen the photos many times but have only seen this amazing film once.
A very bad day for the British Empire, and well described. JFC Fuller was the British exponent of tank tactics. He was largely ignored by the British general staff, but Major Shimada in Japan, and Generals Rommel and Guderian in Germany, had studied his writing, as had Colonel Charles de Gaulle in France. That is why axis tank tactics were so superior at the star of the war.
Thank you Mark, as a patron myself I encourage more people to join, there are few really good channels like this! Lets help Mark. Happy New Year to Mark and all the subs!
Hella good stuff Mark. Refreshing to see Japanese armor used this effectively considering how much it's been berated by most mainstream historians. They may not have had the most impressive tanks, but for the theaters they operated in, they were adequate if used cleverly as depicted here. Happy New Year by the way. Can't wait to see this channel blow up with views in 2019.
happy new year mark hopefully this year ur channel will blow and get way popular u make history enjoyable!
Dark days for the British Empire.
Thank you, Mark!
Impenetrable and impregnable? The Ardennes Forest and Fortress Singapore.
Outstanding piece of lost military history. I was well-informed very good I enjoyed every moment of it I've played it back several times.
The British were not only lacking hardware, they were lacking effective leadership. The field guns would have made an excellent anti-tank screen if properly deployed. For an artillery battery to be caught setting in "road march" order in the middle of an ongoing battle is inexcusable. If the unit had to move, the guns should have been held in a direct firing position until CSMO was given, (CSMO means Close Station Marching Order, or "get out of Dodge"). Once CSMO is called, a good gun crew can get their gun closed up, and hooked into the prime mover in less that 2 minutes, (our target was 90 seconds). Once hooked up, you MOVE, especially if the enemy is suspected to be in the area. It's sad that so many Commonwealth troops had to pay the price for poor leadership from above. It could have been that the best officers and non-coms were fighting in North Africa at the time, but it's a shame there were not just a few good leaders to resist the Japanese.
Agreed but remember the terrible communications they had, the confusion and disorder was as effective against the British as anything the Japanese did; and many of the British forces had of course been trained and equipped to fight in the old first world war way, i.e. either staying put and slugging it out or moving to a new position TO carry on doing that and expecting the enemy to do the same, nothing in between
Also even had they had good leaders, good communications and had expected that kind of armoured fist-type assault they still lacked the means to counter it, their AA guns and field artillery didn't have AP shells, Boys anti-tank rifles were only effective at very close range and then only against certain parts of the tank rather than the whole thing, their armoured car's machine guns would just bounce off even the thin Japanese tank's armour plate and while what few proper anti-tank guns they did have were good and effective they needed to be in the right positions, they needed to be ready to go and there needed to be a lot more of them. The British and Commonwealth forces actually did pretty well considering the paltry hand they'd been dealt
It's a coincidence that I had just read about this passage of battle in Bill Yenne's book 'The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941-42'. Your excellent video certainly helped with the visualisation of the battle. Good job!
And those left alive faced four years of grueling captivity.
Great video as always mark. Have a good 2019
I see WW2 stuff about my country, I click.
And great videos! Informative, interesting and enjoyable to listen to.
@MarkFeltonProductions - please do more of these LONGER videos. They are extremely entertaining. I love how you break down how each action was fought along with the minute details. Please do more videos of battles/actions!
Thanks Mark. Very interesting video, excellently presented.
Japanese military history is so very interesting for me, growing up in England i did not really hear of the action it was mainly European action or pacific US action, but since i got to Aus i started to find more and more details. As ever thank you for the work Mark! i hope you have a great 2019.
Another great report Mark. keep them coming.
This is a perfect example of the typical western mindset of underestimating of its East Asian counterpart. No tanks in Malaya? Ha!
Thanks for including more maps in your Videos, great work!
Thoroughly enjoyable. So wel put together . Good job.
Wow. A daring blitzkrieg done by the Japanese. Thanks again for this little piece of history.
Great Channel Mark!
Thx for all the insight
A pleasure
Wow. A very interesting engagement. Magnificent courage and daring shown by the Japanese. Great video Mark 😊👍🏻
great video,as always.thanks and a healthy and happy new year.
Thank you very much for this video, as excellent as the rest.
Indian troops fighting to the death as always such brave soldiers
Charles Goodwin na that’s just what Uncle Sam wants you to think
I don't think they fought to the death. It's the rabbit that runs, that gets shot...
Bitches fighting for another country
Get lost u fascist communist
Unless an army has the proper equipment they are doomed to fail. Thanks for the video and Happy New Year.
Love your commentaries! Keep it coming me friend!!!
My father was a MilPo at Kuala Lumpur 🇦🇺
As a Malaysian
I got A+ on this Subject xd
This is the very first and only video by Mr Felton where I had already read a book about the event! Shocked I tell you.
Regardless, another great video.
Another excellent video Mark, I would love to see more Pacific theatre videos, and Happy New Year
Excellent work Mark Happy New Year - hopefully your videos will keep the lessons of the past alive !!
You explain it so well I felt like I was watching it happen.
Happy new year from Germany.
Frohes neuse Jahr aus Kalifornien🎉
@@motorTranz Von mir auch!
My grandfather was part of the 2/30th AIF battalion, and was a POW in Changi for 3 years and 8 months. Half of his battalion died, and underwent some of the most appalling treatment and conditions during WW2. He survived, albeit in a poor state of being, hence I am alive today.
Thank you Mark for sharing this story, along with all the others that have helped me to understand what the world went through before I was born
This video was both released in 2018 and 2019
@@UFCMania155 Not true, depends where ur living
@@UFCMania155 It was 2019 in Australia.
@@UFCMania155 Depends which part of the world you live in surely ;)
@@UFCMania155 Timezones
Superb job once again Mark! TY
You rarely hear about Japanese tanks let alone a tank battle that they won. Great job Mark !
Thank you - I always wanted to be reunited with the tank assault incident that was described in the instructions leaflet of my Fujimi Chi-Ha model, 40+ years ago !!!
Ouch! Thanks Mark. I forgot to say that I was born in Singapore in 1970. My Dad was in the RAF.
Rich.
Good job Mark :) You won a patreon
Congrats on the 50K Subs you deserve it. Happy New Year!
Thank you for this interesting video! Happy new year!
And once again a nice piece of education! Greetings from🇳🇱
Amazing channel.
Man... that was so depressing to watch and listen to! Just about everything that could go wrong, did go wrong, and even the bold attempts of brave men to rush to where they were most needed, fell victim to inopportune timing - being caught out in the open and unprepared for the daring and well thought out lightning advance of the Japanese tank units. Reminded me of the Japanese Carrier disasters at Midway... caught with their pants down, swapping bomb loads and rearming.
very good documentary, quite interesting and very well executed. Thanks
I read a couple of great books on this, the stories of the fighting spirit of the Gurkhas and Punjabis is quite inspiring; however one should note, as was written at the time, that smaller tanks were perfect for these fighting conditions.
For example, in the Vietnam war, heavy tanks built for European theaters of war that were used by both sides, were exceptionally ill suited for jungle warfare.
Indeed during the island hopping campaign by the Americans, the Stuart light tank proved to be exceptionally useful.
Sun Tzu wrote extensively about how vital it was to utilize and match the right tools to the battlefield environment.
Though the Japanese may have been brutal and ruthless, I still tip my hat to the military boldness of that Major.
Excellent video.
Great videos and very underrated channel
Japan used Blitzkrieg.
It's super effective!
wo taking side,churchill did said one of the greatest military disater in the british empire.....
I cross the Slim river many times a year. Glad it's no longer so hazardous.
I hope you could do a video about Johore Battery, a former British coastal artillery battery located at Changi, Singapore.It consisted of three large BL 15-inch Mk. I naval guns installed on land by the British government in the late 1930s to defend Singapore from direct invasion by Imperial Japan.
Excellent video,well done.
The little tank that could. thanks for sharing.
Again a very interesting history story. Please take a look at the history of the Dutch Submarine K XVII. You will be amazed what this submarine discovered and reported in december '41
Well done history lesson! Maps a big help!
Idk how but this guy makes history so exciting and interesting
I think there was an instance in Muar where they took out 7 tanks. They should have been given more 2 pounders
These tubes should be on tv!!
Another great video thanks
Japanese intelligence had been mapping and scouting out all of Asia between the wars. Every road, rail line, river and military base had been investigated. The Japanese Navy had better maps of the waters of north eastern Australia than the RAN. With dominant Naval and air-power and the European Nations either occupied or engaged elsewhere the Japanese were unstoppable. Percival was not a top general and lack of modern military equipment and supplies made his poor situation hopeless.
Thank you, Happy New Year.
A better title for the video,would have been,"A Banzai Blitzkrieg"
😁😳
Makes my head hurt thinking how much different History would have been if Great Britain had used all it's Resources to Defend the Empire instead of supplying the Soviets in 1941
In the kingdom of the blind the man with one eye is king!
Happy New Year!
British arrogance cost them Singapore and the lives of many others . Deeply underestimated Japan .
This was pretty much the perfect scenario for a group of small, mobile light tanks designed for infantry support to succeed in.
Thats sad that the British and Indian troops were left there with nothing to fight with. Poor leadership by the British Empire. Not even any 1 damn tank..What were they supposed to fight tanks with friggin bananas? Never make your troops fight if they have no way of winning. Those were some brave troops. Great video Mark. Yor the best at making videos and your no-nonsense approach to the truth
Shambolic defenses coupled with a horrendous underestimation of the enemy and this is what happens. Hopefully the lessons learned here will never be forgotten.
Excellent video...had never heard about this battle or the more pressing overall lack of tanks (as in the Brits had None!) in south east Asia.
'twas a frightful tale, thank you. A small tank is still a tank.
Happy New Year, Mark
Happy new year!
Don't know the Japanese tank but on Saipan. The Anti aircraft quad watercooler .50 cal.
BMG mounted on a ton and quarter truck assigned to my uncle's destroyed the tank which was trying to flank their battery..must have been a very light tank!!!!
Pretty much sums up the performance of our troops in the Malayan campaign. They were no match for the Japanese. It would take another two years of mistakes, and hard fighting, before the lessons were learned and we were able beat the Japanese in the field. Tanks and air superiority helped.
Very good video!
The British Forces were good but the command structure was very narrow minded
That "155mm" is in fact commonly known as a 25 pounder. One of those guns could shoot up any number of lightly armoured tanks like those.
Very interesting info. Thank you n thumbs up.
Fantastic video. Please consider more videos on the forgotten front of Southeast Asia, tremendously undercovered.
Will do as I've also written many books on the war in Asia
Best video yet.
Is there away to just thumbs up all of Mark’s videos?
Excellent. I have lived in Singapore. Agree, a massive shortage of proper weapons was a factor as was poor leadership and basic training of the troops.
Another excellent history lesson! I subbed a few months back when you had about 8K subscribers, now you have 50K! I can't believe how quickly the channel is growing.
P.S. More content on the PTO would be awesome... It just doesn't get covered enough!
As always; Excellent Documentary, Mark!!!
More than any other theater of world war II; The CBI theater, I find among the most facinating.
I was wondering if you had already done or a planning to do, an air war CBI documentary, of the various, obsolete allied air forces, verses the Japanese, in the China-Burma-India theater of war.
Thanks so much for your great work, Mark.
Unbiased. Quick. Informative. Everything thirsty minds crave lol