I've spent over 20 years on offshore rigs. If we're serious about safety on rigs, there needs to be a random audit system to hold people accountable to safety and not for profits.
Thanks Sal for your information on Shipping 🚢 which i never followed before i found yours videos. Most clear the way you put your information together.
Vattenfalls have halted their offshore windfarm project in the UK as stated. They are, however continuing with the landside cable infrastructure. So they obviously intend to continue at some point.
I like how you present this information. It feel like I'm in the classroom. You provide us with source information and suggestions for additional reading material. Freakin' Solid
And yet we see that this current battery technology is insanely dangerous. Just imagine a fire like this in the parking garage of an apartment complex...
@@inthefade Parking garages aren’t steel - they are far more fire proof concrete (because internal combustion engined cars have (plastic) fuel tanks). When they ship ICE cars they put the minimum amount of fuel in them for loading and unloading. That isn’t an option for battery powered vehicles.
Storage.... Not as much as you think. As I write this (11:45 am) The nation grid where I am is running 45% Wind and Solar. But. I would estimate the nearest large wind turbines to me are 200 miles away. It's not windy where I am. The (full) network of turbines covers an area of 3-400 miles across. . The point? The wind always blows *somewhere* If one side of the area covered isn't windy, the other side will be, it's called "weather". And, The Grid moves the energy to where it's needed. . The trick is actually to build MORE generation than you need in a particular area. You then export the excess to those areas where it's not windy ..... They do the same when "your" area is quiet. Some storage, but not as much. "But it's expensive to build!". Not even in the same league as other types of energy.
I really have an apprecation for japan's model where the shipyard's own the ships and lease them out and if we want to enforce a build to break policies it makes even more sense for a builders yard to have a breakers yard.
Excellent points made regarding U.S. risks outsourcing vital infrastructure and support to foreign "low bidders." U.S. politicians are too busy arguing about value and culture while the U.S. economy becomes a weakening client of foreign governments.
Are you ignorant about the massive US subsidies for US industry or do you just choose to ignore them? And why do you think it benefits the US economy to transfer wealth to non competitive industries ? Here in Denmark we let non viable industries die and facilitate adapting to the changing world. Several industries have left for foreign destinations with cheap labor and every time more lucrative industries have evolved and we have profited. When the Danish shipping company Maersk became the ultimate low bidder by offering the use its entire fleet to ship US forces in the first Gulf war for free, it was something the controlling owners decided to do at their cost - no government subsidies involved. There are other EU members that also strive to protect industries, but we dont and I dont think any of them do better than us - its just not good economic policy.
I’m not a mariner, but I do find the industry and logistics fascinating. I also find the maritime firefighting aspects of things interesting too! It helps to understand the challenges these shipping companies face, and why prices in product on shelves rise
As usual Captain Sal out with another useful, informative video. I'm really looking forward to the video that you're working on dealing with the 🔥 on car carriers, a d always appreciate your work on the alternative energy sector, which IMO Is Never going to replace our current systems even though they are doing their best to let us all in The dark and either freezing, or dying of a heat stroke while we are having this forced on us as a Nation.
I'd really like a chat with you, unless that was just a "venting frustration" comment. skype? i value my time so i dont do long text exchanges here. what is your energy solution? --
@@__Andrew_ I think we need a fix of energy to provide for our needs. I disagree with the concept of cutting all emissions in shipping by 2050 as I think that is unrealistic. The previous goal was a 50% reduction and that could be achieved, but it won't be easy.
That was great. Thank you. You provided a lot of vital information that scares the hell out of me. You always do that, but I always come back because I learn a lot that I didn't know before. For most of my life, I never even noticed that shipping was a thing. I'm grateful for what you do and for your insightful coverage of these issues, but help, please, we're all gonna die.
RE: Jones Act Vessels -- excellent point. Great Lakes Dredging currently has a special purpose service vessel under construction for the purpose of wind farm construction.
The Freemantle Highway fire is becoming a bigger disaster by the day. Over the weekend it was revealed that BMW, Mini and Mercedes have admitted to having a large percentage of the 500 EVs on board. VW has refused to comment on how many VW EV's are on the burning ship.
@@davidpawson7393 I am getting suspicious that the fire on the Freemantle Highway was caused by a VW sourced EV. Coverup and Denial seems to be the only method known to the management of VW when something goes wrong.
The owner of M/V Fremantle Highway should have it “dewatered” and towed by the salvors to India for recycling. It will benefit an army of shipyard workers for at least a year! Carry on!
The ship on fire is carrying electrical vehicles and when they catch fire there is no "fire suppression" possible the fire must burn itself out. I'm waiting for the first EV to catch fire in an underground parking garage. Also if you see an EV on fire move upwind of it because the fumes are toxic.
Just wait until some EV's catch on fire when parked in the garage of a residential apartment building or a downtown office building. There will be a huge cry to kick EV's out of all building parking garages.
Hi Sal, at some point, could you do a video on what services a registry provides, how that works, why it is important, and perhaps why shippers may choose a particular registry? Thank you.
In Europe, wind offshore wind power is the 3rd or 2nd most ROI/profitable way to make money (land solar and land wind turbines are normally 1 & 2 due to costs to setup + speed to set up as well). ROI & R+D was so good turbines designed to last 40 to 75 years were replaced only after 3 to 5 years because a bigger better one come along which was also much more efficient. Soon even these got replaced after about 5 to 10 years because the same thing happened. Today they testing and putting in full production the biggest and most effective one yet which could really replace the current one around European shores.
As in gold mining ,the onew who makes the real money is often the person selling the shovels. Meaning that ,without tax payer subsidies ,windmills and solar farms will never make money and the only money they can honestly admit to being profit are those subsidies.
Not wind turbines nor solar panels have reached technology allowing them to last past 20 years before needing replacement. This is the obstacle china has faced, and it makes sense since the whole climate thing is a western ruling collective Wall Street hustle. If the info you heard was from western media with the usual dubious "scientific reporting," they're lying. Additionally, we've proved wind turbines cause whales to veer off their natural courses and die in groups. That's unacceptable. Oil is safer and until technology is actually capable of making 75 year turbines, I won't support a single sea mammal death for them. Woe to Greta 🤑
Is it profitable because of subsidies? Did they perhaps replace them because of subsidies? It sounds wasteful to me. Did they even offset the carbon costs of all those materials? That is the point, ostensibly...
@@Mercmad Sea based is competitive in a no subsidy environment - and its not like Coal, Oil or Nuclear got anywhere in the US without MASSIVE government subsidies larger than wind ever got. The US subsidizes fossil fuels with 20 B USD per year.
@Mercmad "Subsidies"? Compared to what? As stated by the other posters here, Wind (/Solar) provides a rapid return on investment, why? Well, it's fast to construct, but also can be ramped with a project providing partial returns during completion of multiple phases. That's a huge benefit, not only to investors but when considering the legacy carbon footprint during build time. While a project is built, let's say 4GW capacity, Fossil fuel generation remains on line. With "other" types of generation (you know who) that's a multi decade wait, with the project only going on line when complete. 20(?) Years at 4GW? . A wind project of similar size? Let's be pessimistic and say 10 years, BUT ramping from zero to full capacity over the last 6 years (the first 4, building installing infrastructure) That would be equivalent to an average of 50% output from year 7, with 100% from year 10. That's 10 full years of Fossil fuel pollution removed, plus 3 years at 50%. . Energy cost? Example The "strike price" of the current largest UK wind project, Dogger Bank, is ±£49/MWh. The nearest equivalent Nuclear Project, Hinkley C, £118/MWh. . Not even close. (Side note, The Nuclear project is currently running 5 years late (now 2027 for first output) and in February 2023 the cost "estimate" increased to ±£32bn , double the original amount...... So much for subsidies)
Are EV carrying ships safe? Considering that EV fires really can't be extinguished, should any ships carry EVs? For that matter should EVs be allowed to park in parking garages both above ground and underground?
@@wrp3621 Electric vehicles parked in underground garage is located under major buildings in major cities. Seems like a perfect terrorist weapon. No one’s going to question that you’re driving into a garage with a car that doesn’t have any obvious explosives in it but if the car catches fire next to other electric vehicles. The resulting fire and smoke and toxic fumes will render the building uninhabitable for quite some time. Electric vehicles are great! Before 9/11, nobody thought the airplanes were dangerous to buildings. I wonder what date the electric vehicle terrorist attack will occur on? Let’s hope the day do something catchy like 411.
@@wbwarren57So what's your point? Bin Ladens first go at blowing up the WTC was with a truck loaded with explosives. There were no EVs in sight back in the 90s Just curious if you hate terrorists or EVs more?
Suggestion. Search the incident including "Electrek" in the terms. That site gave a precise account of information, and sources of that information. . Essentially, at the time of writing, the majority of commentators had jumped to conclusions as to the cause, and had taken "modified hearsay" as "fact" For example, Electrek found and published the actual communication logs from the Dutch coastguard. . It's an interesting read, you should try it.
@@wbwarren57 Remember the outcry a whole back concerning a multi story car park fire in China, blamed on EVs? Turned out that the (major!) Fire was caused by an ICE car, and even though many EVs were engulfed during the incident, all batteries remained intact. (Other ICE cars didn't fare so well)
2 very worthwhile videos to look at: "Runaway 500 EV meltdown on cargo ship: Proof our cities aren't ready for full EV deployment" - Auto Expert John Cadogan "Should you buy an EV? A summary of the week. (the correct upload version!)" - Geoff Buys Cars
The windfarm story reminds me of the massive turbine installation crane that failed under test on a huge ship in Germany a couple of years back… did you / could you do a feature on that ?
My recollection is that it wasn't the crane that failed, but that it was the 3rd party hook block which failed, and the whiplash from the failure severely damaged the crane.
@@SteamCrane Yes that’s right, the crane whipped back right over the ship and smashed it up. My friend was waiting for the ship to install a Scottish windfarm and it really messed them up.
(I have noticed Edison Chouest converting and converting/building new vessels to handle offshore windmill construction for a few years; they seem to be one of the maritime leaders. Some of their cable layers are idle but I assume these can be used in future for cable laying between windmills, perhaps needed after/during windmill construction {speculation}) Have a nice day.
Off shore wind 18:50 the 3-projects projects for off shore Wind were salted to produce a totaling 3.5 megawatt of electricity. The average two boiler coal fired power plant can Produce 60 megawatts, What the ship, we need to get engineers and scientists coordinating our Energy policies the politicians need to allocate funding, if we want to meet the minimum goal set by the Paris Accord.
Most of Mexico's fields are in steep decline. That has a serious impact on investment in infrastructure. You really have to invest big in that up front while in growth. It's so much harder to find money for infra when revenue is going down. Add to that all the additional problems with PEMEX being state owned.
Offshore wind platforms seems like super easy targets for an enemy navy or terrorist operation. Since wind power is a barely significant portion of our power.. it doesn't matter, yet. The more power collected this way... the more attractive the soft target.
Thank you for all this fascinating info! I agree that the U.S. should have more shipbuilding facilities. They would also provide a good source of reliable jobs, which of course would boost the economy even further.
So Mexico is not maintaining their infrastructure and i know Mexico produces a lot of energy. Dereliction applies to many countries including ours and that is just as important as how mariners are treated and the stories about that.
Really looking forward to the special episode on car carrier fires. I value your opinion as both a mariner and a firefighter. Also which comes first Dr. Or Capt.?
As of today, August 1, 2023, it is illegal to manufacture, buy, or sell regular light bulbs in the US. Penalty is $542 per bulb. So at least the government is focusing on the important issues that we face.
With government pump priming - grants , guaranteed sale prices etc - and public idealism about free wind power many marine wind farm developers became addicted to third party funding for off-shore wind farms in Europe. As soon as speculative risk threatened viability for some schemes the developers started casting about for improved terms, further funding etc. . Any developer's faltering viability claim should be scrutinised on a due diligence basis. Grant farming has becoming a business in itself. Some wind farms get paid for not supplying in certain wind conditions.
The pay for not supplying is sort of fair, since they are being forced not to produce by under dimensioned power grids and other power producers being allowed to keep producing when not needed. You cannot put more power into the grid than is consumed or the grid has capacity to transmit. Its the wind generator you take offline because its cheaper (or preferable for other reasons) than taking other generators offline and why should the wind mill operators have to pay for that? Here in Denmark we have had short periods where consumers with variable rate power deals were paid to consume power. In any case we are looking into solving the isue issue here in Denmark by colocating power heavy throtleable industries with the windfarms to use "excessive" (over demand or over transfer capacity) power when its there instead of pulling generators offline.
@tomcarr1358 What's your alternative? (If you're going to say "Unclear" search "Hinckley C". Note that it's going to be double the build time (at least) 4 times the build cost and saddle consumers with energy at 2.4 times the cost compared to the nearest equivalent wind project....... Then tell me it's great value)
Sager has a series of anchors that keep her in place and is hooked into a pipeline from shore. The concept is she loads up with oil from shore and tankers come alongside and would be loaded from her.
Yellow LTL (less than truckload) was the cheaper solution for shippers at about 1/2 price. Shippers will need to use XPO, Saia, Old Dominion etc now at a higher cost. Also someone shipping difficult items thru Yellow for 20yrs+ may have some difficulty switching and the carriers difficulty adjusting to the new freight and timing of said freight. -Nothing positive from this except relief for other LTL carriers in this low freight market (volume slowly going up now).
@@CarlAlex2 Power station generators live in nice cozy buildings, with people continually monitoring their health. Their oil can be expected to last much longer than a windmill buffeted by changing wind, rain, cold, heat.
@@SteamCrane What gives you that idea? I bet you just made it up. We have plenty windmills some which do not even need gears - direct drive wind generators have been around since the 1920'ies. It was used in Jacobs windmills generating power in off grid parts of rural US. So you can make windmills that require NO oil for gear lubrication at all - how can you use less than that? DD mills are considered more expensive than geared mills, but also a lot more reliable due to the much simpler setup. DD technology also scales a lot better, so large mills tend to be DD. The current trend is that geared windmills are used in smaller mills on land. DD for mills at sea and large mills.
🤔Speaking of Windfarms...... there's been a lot of controversy in New Jersey the last few months over those things. Half seems to be people trying to blame them for problems with whales. The other half seems to be people from Shore towns who don't want Tourists looking at Giant wind turbines from the boardwalks.
@@WALTERBROADDUS Suggest they build nuclear instead.... LOCALLY. . Remind them it will be on or near the coast.... Which beach would they like to lose? . Then tell them it's going to take 15-20 years AFTER the "consultation" is finished. . Then apologise in advance for the cement trucks they're going to see constantly for that time. . Ask them if they want the local fossil fuel generation shut down in 5 years, or 20. . Etc
@@rogerstarkey5390 I don't have anything wrong with nuclear power. It's actually generating most of the power to meet locally at the moment from PECO Energy to Philadelphia. The biggest issue? This week we saw the first brand new American nuclear plant open in like 40 years. South Jersey closed the one Nuclear Plant in the region a Oyster Creek, in 2018. It had been in operation since 1969.
@@rogerstarkey5390 actually it seems the wind project is supposed to be replacing that very nuclear facility. They want to run all the power lines from the wind turbines to the electrical infrastructure at the old Nuclear Plant.
A lithium fire will actually BURN CO2 or water. To a lithium fire, these are fuel. It actually pulls the oxygen off the CO2 or water, leaving carbon or hydrogen gas. For background, I am a chemical engineer.
Hello! Do you know if CMA CGM still as a Freighter Cruise program? I have an email but no one seems to reply back. Any info that I could follow-up on would be appreciated. Thank you!!
What fire fighting could they possibly do on the car carrier once they get someplace convenient. EV's have to burn themselves out and any firefighters would get cobalt heavy metal poisoning unless maybe they are in full hazmat suits. It gets in the air and is absorbed through the skin. Firefighters fighting just one car EV fire are getting permanently disabled due to cobalt heavy metal poisoning.
The elephant in the room with respect to wind and solar is that you really need large scale power storage to buffer them. It doesn't blow or shine all the time. Improving the power infrastructure backbones won't hurt either. IMO if you really want green power you should also look at nuclear.
"Look at nuclear" Two projects come to mind. Both in the UK Hinckley C Nuclear. Consultation circa 2005. 3.2GW Cost estimate (then) ±£16m . Dogger Bank Wind. Consultation, 2012 (first of its type, so longer) 3.6GW Cost estimate ±£9bn. . Current status. Hinkley. Late (2027, some suggest 2032) Over budget... DOUBLE at ±£32bn(!) ..... Dogger Bank. On time 2025, (First phase late 2023) On budget. . (Forth phase under consultation). . So Hinkley is: LATE Approaching double the time, 4 (FOUR) times the cost for 12% less capacity. . And Dogger Bank will be offsetting carbon as it ramps, with an energy strike price FAR below Hinkley. . Cheaper, faster, better value. . Not even close. . Oh The Flamanville nuclear power station under construction in France, using the same (new) technology, is 10 years late and facing "Futher delays.....". 🤔 . I'd be suggesting (now that the factories are running for the turbines) Just keep building. Employ the people. Make the turbines cheaper as the factory cost is amortized. Spend ±£24bn on turbines/ installation (11GW?) Spend £5bn on storage. That's STILL cheaper than *1* 3.2GW Unclear plant in a fraction of the time and storage included! . I just checked. 11GW is 34% more generation than the UK is currently obtaining from natural gas right now (13:07)
One more thing The "Nuclear Elephant in the room" During the time it takes to build nuclear, fossil fuel provides the energy. For the whole period. . Green solutions ramp. Between the first and last unit being installed, you get 50% capacity. Nuclear is "binary" It can never claw back that deficit.
Great Show WISH you would include more Story's on Wind power and other sources too....Be exciting if this is a subject for each show.....(2)....Who Great conversations Sal on NEED other sources to Some states such as Nevada has neat Natural thermo Energy. WASHINGTON HAS GREAT HYDROELECTRIC DAMS ETC WISH PUD WOULD INVEST MORE IN HYDROELECTRIC AND WATER CURRENT GENERATION PROJECTS (The neat one at Deception pass in Washington state) and make hydrogen from sea water .be exciting if some wind farms in ocean as GENERATION of hydrogen from sea water....😢🎉😂❤❤❤❤...Thank you Sal for a wonderful inspiration Show...
His focus is on shipping. He only mentions wind farms that are offshore and affecting shipping. He really does not need to go further into this topic, as there are many channels devoted to it.
I can hardly wait for tomorrow's episode; not only to hear your opinion on the 3 civilian ships headed for Ukrainian ports in spite of Russia's "soft blockade", but also to read the Kremlin's spin on it in the comments. 😁
Somebody's math is terribly wrong, or there is a serious typo. Since when is a soccer field larger that a square mile? "[...] 467square kilometers (180 square miles) in size - equivalent to about 140 soccer fields." If one uses the 467 square kilometers, and an typical professional size soccer field at 7140 square meters (80m x 105m), the total is over 65.4k soccer fields. Not even sure where the 140 came from.
If I were that company I'd find out what *caused* the fire rather than jumping to conclusions. . Anecdote I had the "pleasure" one time of serving on a Jury. . Unfortunately I came across similar confirmation biased "individuals" who jumped to conclusions with no other explaintion when questioned than "that's what I think". No reasoning, no "This person carried out this action so....." Just "that was my general opinion before, so I'm sticking with it" (normally accompanied with a shrug). One even said "I just want to get out of here" . Now, it turned out I had *REASONED* to a similar conclusion (wrong word, theirs was not a "conclusion", it was an "opinion") Only one other in the group did the same, and was able to provide coherent argument. The experience made me doubly determined to NEVER find myself in front of "a jury of my peers". . NEVER ASSUME. . smh
@@rogerstarkey5390 Insurance companies are going to go with the highest probability! Thats how they work! We have had two major car carrier fires with electric cars on board in last 5 years but it never happened before electric cars! Gee I wonder why!
In terms of the ship off Texas, if nobody is willing to do it voluntarily the US government should just requisition a tanker to do it, they provide shedloads of security and freedom of navigation protection for the oil industry, if the tanker operators are scared of the Iranians they should be an awful lot more scared of the US government. Plus if the US government compells them then they have the cover that they had no choice when Iranians get excited... I'm sure they'll protest a bit...
What fire suppression measures? There are NO viable fire suppression measures for lithium battery fires. And the cobalt in the smoke is likely to be completely debilitating even if it just gets on your skin. Stay away and leave it to consume itself. If they tow it anywhere it should be taken to the deepest waters they can find and sink it. Probably less toxicity to the air but longer term damage to the sea life. How about a massive 50% tax on every watt used by an EV owner for the damage they do to the environment? They tax the crap out of gas, so yeah they should have to pay, too. Level the financial playing field and see if EV’s succeed on their own.
🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁LION c LIKE No. 663 ------> That dark smudge on your left shoulder looks so much like a USN petty officer's badge. I should find some place to get these as I was a petty officer, and should really like to put them on my jackets and etc. I am proud of my service and it is ok for people to know that. Of course I will not put a rank higher than the one I earned. Was a temptation to award my self a promotion, but since I take this seriously, I will not steal honor that I did not earn... Elias Великий и Славный и самый Имперский ЛЕВ 🦁
Way to Go, Sal!
Five good stories handled professionally with humor to keep our interest.
I never miss an episode.
The content is consistently first class. One of the best information sources available.
I've spent over 20 years on offshore rigs. If we're serious about safety on rigs, there needs to be a random audit system to hold people accountable to safety and not for profits.
Amen. Fines need to be changed to hit executive wallets personally. Only then will they care enough to do it right every time.
@Kris P. Bacon What's a halon? A fire extinguisher?
@Kris P. Bacon On something the size of the deep water horizon rig, it can only cover compartments, not a huge fire on deck.
@@smackattack4284 displaces oxygen, so no fire, good for enclosed spaces only.
@@carlthor91 The primary concern for safety is the control of the wellbore. If that is lost there's several ways to try and regain control.
Thank you for your accurate insights about What is Going on With Shipping.
Thanks Sal for your information on Shipping 🚢 which i never followed before i found yours videos. Most clear the way you put your information together.
Vattenfalls have halted their offshore windfarm project in the UK as stated. They are, however continuing with the landside cable infrastructure. So they obviously intend to continue at some point.
It as saying microsofts , Vattenfall mean waterfall
Hi Sal, i was at Corpus christi Mustng Island this weekend and there was blobs of it on the Beach ⛱️. It was tolerable but still....
Thanks for the report
@@wgowshipping i put some pictures on your Twitter post involving this video
Congrats on your new expanded shipping news channel.
I like how you present this information. It feel like I'm in the classroom. You provide us with source information and suggestions for additional reading material. Freakin' Solid
With both wind generators and solar PV arrays, energy storage is a must due to the intermittent nature of those energy sources.
Hydroelectric plants have similar (and complementary) issues…
And yet we see that this current battery technology is insanely dangerous.
Just imagine a fire like this in the parking garage of an apartment complex...
@@inthefade Parking garages aren’t steel - they are far more fire proof concrete (because internal combustion engined cars have (plastic) fuel tanks). When they ship ICE cars they put the minimum amount of fuel in them for loading and unloading. That isn’t an option for battery powered vehicles.
Storage.... Not as much as you think.
As I write this (11:45 am)
The nation grid where I am is running 45% Wind and Solar.
But.
I would estimate the nearest large wind turbines to me are 200 miles away.
It's not windy where I am.
The (full) network of turbines covers an area of 3-400 miles across.
.
The point?
The wind always blows *somewhere*
If one side of the area covered isn't windy, the other side will be, it's called "weather".
And, The Grid moves the energy to where it's needed.
.
The trick is actually to build MORE generation than you need in a particular area.
You then export the excess to those areas where it's not windy ..... They do the same when "your" area is quiet.
Some storage, but not as much.
"But it's expensive to build!".
Not even in the same league as other types of energy.
So glad I subscribed, I'm learning more with each video! I like your presentation and no nonsense explanations. Stay well, stay safe!
:23:13 hilarious! thanks Sal, you are now one of my favorite RUclipsrs for sure! such intelligent content, thank you.
Great reporting! Compelling and ultra competent content! AND a fabulous Aloha shirt! Grats and congrats!
I really have an apprecation for japan's model where the shipyard's own the ships and lease them out and if we want to enforce a build to break policies it makes even more sense for a builders yard to have a breakers yard.
@20:05 30 jiggawatts?? That's more than Doc needed to get Marty back to 1980
Thanks!
Thank you!
1 of my favorite RUclips channels. Just great vibe and information. Thanks Sal.
I appreciate that!
Many thanks for the update Sal.
Excellent points made regarding U.S. risks outsourcing vital infrastructure and support to foreign "low bidders." U.S. politicians are too busy arguing about value and culture while the U.S. economy becomes a weakening client of foreign governments.
Are you ignorant about the massive US subsidies for US industry or do you just choose to ignore them? And why do you think it benefits the US economy to transfer wealth to non competitive industries ? Here in Denmark we let non viable industries die and facilitate adapting to the changing world. Several industries have left for foreign destinations with cheap labor and every time more lucrative industries have evolved and we have profited. When the Danish shipping company Maersk became the ultimate low bidder by offering the use its entire fleet to ship US forces in the first Gulf war for free, it was something the controlling owners decided to do at their cost - no government subsidies involved.
There are other EU members that also strive to protect industries, but we dont and I dont think any of them do better than us - its just not good economic policy.
I’m not a mariner, but I do find the industry and logistics fascinating. I also find the maritime firefighting aspects of things interesting too! It helps to understand the challenges these shipping companies face, and why prices in product on shelves rise
As usual Captain Sal out with another useful, informative video. I'm really looking forward to the video that you're working on dealing with the 🔥 on car carriers, a d always appreciate your work on the alternative energy sector, which IMO Is Never going to replace our current systems even though they are doing their best to let us all in The dark and either freezing, or dying of a heat stroke while we are having this forced on us as a Nation.
I'd really like a chat with you, unless that was just a "venting frustration" comment.
skype? i value my time so i dont do long text exchanges here.
what is your energy solution?
--
@@__Andrew_ I think we need a fix of energy to provide for our needs. I disagree with the concept of cutting all emissions in shipping by 2050 as I think that is unrealistic.
The previous goal was a 50% reduction and that could be achieved, but it won't be easy.
@@__Andrew_ My email is mercoglianosal@gmail.com
That was great. Thank you. You provided a lot of vital information that scares the hell out of me. You always do that, but I always come back because I learn a lot that I didn't know before. For most of my life, I never even noticed that shipping was a thing. I'm grateful for what you do and for your insightful coverage of these issues, but help, please, we're all gonna die.
RE: Jones Act Vessels -- excellent point. Great Lakes Dredging currently has a special purpose service vessel under construction for the purpose of wind farm construction.
The Freemantle Highway fire is becoming a bigger disaster by the day. Over the weekend it was revealed that BMW, Mini and Mercedes have admitted to having a large percentage of the 500 EVs on board. VW has refused to comment on how many VW EV's are on the burning ship.
Dieselgate 2.0.
There are no EVs on the Freemantle, just piles of highly toxic ash.
@@davidpawson7393 I am getting suspicious that the fire on the Freemantle Highway was caused by a VW sourced EV. Coverup and Denial seems to be the only method known to the management of VW when something goes wrong.
All those evs probaly all have the older fire prone NMA batteries, not the newer LFP used by most Teslas.
Looks hilarious from where I'm sitting, but I love watching corrupt businesses like VW humiliated.
Adding the to 5 things got me to watch. Thanks.
The owner of M/V Fremantle Highway should have it “dewatered” and towed by the salvors to India for recycling. It will benefit an army of shipyard workers for at least a year! Carry on!
-May not make it that far.
Love to know if these fire incidents are on an international upswing from a statistical view, and what kind.
It's a huge increase in onboard ship fires in the last 3 years
Really enjoying youre casts.. i dont have a maritime background, but i find this stuff fascinating..
The ship on fire is carrying electrical vehicles and when they catch fire there is no "fire suppression" possible the fire must burn itself out. I'm waiting for the first EV to catch fire in an underground parking garage. Also if you see an EV on fire move upwind of it because the fumes are toxic.
Just wait until some EV's catch on fire when parked in the garage of a residential apartment building or a downtown office building. There will be a huge cry to kick EV's out of all building parking garages.
@@mikedx2706 Just a matter of time.
@@mikedx2706 These things have already happened. The suppression is very effective. Of the news, not the fire.
Hi Sal, at some point, could you do a video on what services a registry provides, how that works, why it is important, and perhaps why shippers may choose a particular registry? Thank you.
For the size of the spill, "140 soccer fields" is ONE km sq, thus oil patch from Pemex is over 65,000 soccer fields in area.
Yeah, I did wonder what was going on with that.
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Printer is now doing useful work outside printing by supporting visual props for the video. Go Heisenberg!!
Yes we have encountered that. We just had 4 containers delayed coming from China and Indonesia.
I love the reading suggestion propped up by the printer! :)
I'm so glad!
Look forward to thd car carrier fires show ❤
In Europe, wind offshore wind power is the 3rd or 2nd most ROI/profitable way to make money (land solar and land wind turbines are normally 1 & 2 due to costs to setup + speed to set up as well).
ROI & R+D was so good turbines designed to last 40 to 75 years were replaced only after 3 to 5 years because a bigger better one come along which was also much more efficient.
Soon even these got replaced after about 5 to 10 years because the same thing happened.
Today they testing and putting in full production the biggest and most effective one yet which could really replace the current one around European shores.
As in gold mining ,the onew who makes the real money is often the person selling the shovels. Meaning that ,without tax payer subsidies ,windmills and solar farms will never make money and the only money they can honestly admit to being profit are those subsidies.
Not wind turbines nor solar panels have reached technology allowing them to last past 20 years before needing replacement. This is the obstacle china has faced, and it makes sense since the whole climate thing is a western ruling collective Wall Street hustle.
If the info you heard was from western media with the usual dubious "scientific reporting," they're lying. Additionally, we've proved wind turbines cause whales to veer off their natural courses and die in groups.
That's unacceptable. Oil is safer and until technology is actually capable of making 75 year turbines, I won't support a single sea mammal death for them. Woe to Greta 🤑
Is it profitable because of subsidies? Did they perhaps replace them because of subsidies? It sounds wasteful to me. Did they even offset the carbon costs of all those materials? That is the point, ostensibly...
@@Mercmad Sea based is competitive in a no subsidy environment - and its not like Coal, Oil or Nuclear got anywhere in the US without MASSIVE government subsidies larger than wind ever got. The US subsidizes fossil fuels with 20 B USD per year.
@Mercmad
"Subsidies"?
Compared to what?
As stated by the other posters here, Wind (/Solar) provides a rapid return on investment, why? Well, it's fast to construct, but also can be ramped with a project providing partial returns during completion of multiple phases.
That's a huge benefit, not only to investors but when considering the legacy carbon footprint during build time.
While a project is built, let's say 4GW capacity, Fossil fuel generation remains on line.
With "other" types of generation (you know who) that's a multi decade wait, with the project only going on line when complete.
20(?) Years at 4GW?
.
A wind project of similar size? Let's be pessimistic and say 10 years, BUT ramping from zero to full capacity over the last 6 years (the first 4, building installing infrastructure)
That would be equivalent to an average of 50% output from year 7, with 100% from year 10.
That's 10 full years of Fossil fuel pollution removed, plus 3 years at 50%.
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Energy cost?
Example
The "strike price" of the current largest UK wind project, Dogger Bank, is ±£49/MWh.
The nearest equivalent Nuclear Project, Hinkley C, £118/MWh.
.
Not even close.
(Side note, The Nuclear project is currently running 5 years late (now 2027 for first output) and in February 2023 the cost "estimate" increased to ±£32bn , double the original amount...... So much for subsidies)
Are EV carrying ships safe? Considering that EV fires really can't be extinguished, should any ships carry EVs? For that matter should EVs be allowed to park in parking garages both above ground and underground?
Lithium battery fire on planes is a major accident waiting to happen it seems. Incidences are becoming more frequent.
@@wrp3621
Electric vehicles parked in underground garage is located under major buildings in major cities. Seems like a perfect terrorist weapon. No one’s going to question that you’re driving into a garage with a car that doesn’t have any obvious explosives in it but if the car catches fire next to other electric vehicles. The resulting fire and smoke and toxic fumes will render the building uninhabitable for quite some time. Electric vehicles are great! Before 9/11, nobody thought the airplanes were dangerous to buildings. I wonder what date the electric vehicle terrorist attack will occur on? Let’s hope the day do something catchy like 411.
@@wbwarren57So what's your point? Bin Ladens first go at blowing up the WTC was with a truck loaded with explosives. There were no EVs in sight back in the 90s
Just curious if you hate terrorists or EVs more?
Suggestion.
Search the incident including "Electrek" in the terms.
That site gave a precise account of information, and sources of that information.
.
Essentially, at the time of writing, the majority of commentators had jumped to conclusions as to the cause, and had taken "modified hearsay" as "fact"
For example, Electrek found and published the actual communication logs from the Dutch coastguard.
.
It's an interesting read, you should try it.
@@wbwarren57
Remember the outcry a whole back concerning a multi story car park fire in China, blamed on EVs?
Turned out that the (major!) Fire was caused by an ICE car, and even though many EVs were engulfed during the incident, all batteries remained intact.
(Other ICE cars didn't fare so well)
So...who gets stuck being downwind of this Cobalt catastrophe? (EV car carrier fire).
Cobalt Thorium G, a doomsday shroud will encirlce the Earth for 93 years.
@@johnpublic6582lol😂 I get the doctor Strangelove reference.
Everyone on the planet.
@@WALTERBROADDUS I'm just terrified that we will end up in an EV gap!
German EVS are going to change all restrictions for ferrying transport, parking decks,or home charging..
We still are considering X-bow fiber optic vessels for construction of our new projects and new fiber systems.
“Full Dickens”
Thanks for that phrase. I’ll try to insert it in polite, convivial conversation.
Thanks for bringing us the news that MSM seems to aviod.
2 very worthwhile videos to look at:
"Runaway 500 EV meltdown on cargo ship: Proof our cities aren't ready for full EV deployment" - Auto Expert John Cadogan
"Should you buy an EV? A summary of the week. (the correct upload version!)" - Geoff Buys Cars
Both idiots.
12:16 why wouldn't they and how do we know that they haven't been all along??
Was waiting for the Virginia comment. You have said this when it was the explanation about your story.
The windfarm story reminds me of the massive turbine installation crane that failed under test on a huge ship in Germany a couple of years back… did you / could you do a feature on that ?
My recollection is that it wasn't the crane that failed, but that it was the 3rd party hook block which failed, and the whiplash from the failure severely damaged the crane.
@@SteamCrane Yes that’s right, the crane whipped back right over the ship and smashed it up. My friend was waiting for the ship to install a Scottish windfarm and it really messed them up.
That was great, Thanks Sal
I miss my favorite courses in college viewing your work here.
What about cruise ships going through the Panama Canal?
The numbers are for all ships.
(I have noticed Edison Chouest converting and converting/building new vessels to handle offshore windmill construction for a few years; they seem to be one of the maritime leaders. Some of their cable layers are idle but I assume these can be used in future for cable laying between windmills, perhaps needed after/during windmill construction {speculation})
Have a nice day.
Great stuff, look forward to everything you put out.
Might be interesting to look into which Flags have the best and worst safety records.
Kept wondering where you were. Great to hear whats going on
Off shore wind
18:50 the 3-projects projects for off shore Wind were salted to produce a totaling 3.5 megawatt of electricity.
The average two boiler coal fired power plant can Produce 60 megawatts, What the ship, we need to get engineers and scientists coordinating our Energy policies the politicians need to allocate funding, if we want to meet the minimum goal set by the Paris Accord.
Which 3 projects?
GIGAWATTS.
That's 1,000 times a "Megawatt"
.
smh
Most of Mexico's fields are in steep decline. That has a serious impact on investment in infrastructure. You really have to invest big in that up front while in growth. It's so much harder to find money for infra when revenue is going down. Add to that all the additional problems with PEMEX being state owned.
Peter Zeihan video on the subject. ruclips.net/video/TliHnv6t-0E/видео.html
Offshore wind platforms seems like super easy targets for an enemy navy or terrorist operation.
Since wind power is a barely significant portion of our power.. it doesn't matter, yet.
The more power collected this way... the more attractive the soft target.
P.s. thanks for telling me where the oil 🛢 blobs came from.
Thank you for all this fascinating info! I agree that the U.S. should have more shipbuilding facilities. They would also provide a good source of reliable jobs, which of course would boost the economy even further.
Thanks
15:27 On this week's news, Sal gives the low down on whether the ship will hit the fan....
So Mexico is not maintaining their infrastructure and i know Mexico produces a lot of energy. Dereliction applies to many countries including ours and that is just as important as how mariners are treated and the stories about that.
Liberia is an unofficial extension of the US shipping register
Good Stuff! thanks... more maps please!
Really looking forward to the special episode on car carrier fires. I value your opinion as both a mariner and a firefighter.
Also which comes first Dr. Or Capt.?
Sal
As of today, August 1, 2023, it is illegal to manufacture, buy, or sell regular light bulbs in the US. Penalty is $542 per bulb. So at least the government is focusing on the important issues that we face.
how much money do these countries make by having an open registry of ships?
With government pump priming - grants , guaranteed sale prices etc - and public idealism about free wind power many marine wind farm developers became addicted to third party funding for off-shore wind farms in Europe. As soon as speculative risk threatened viability for some schemes the developers started casting about for improved terms, further funding etc. . Any developer's faltering viability claim should be scrutinised on a due diligence basis. Grant farming has becoming a business in itself. Some wind farms get paid for not supplying in certain wind conditions.
The pay for not supplying is sort of fair, since they are being forced not to produce by under dimensioned power grids and other power producers being allowed to keep producing when not needed. You cannot put more power into the grid than is consumed or the grid has capacity to transmit. Its the wind generator you take offline because its cheaper (or preferable for other reasons) than taking other generators offline and why should the wind mill operators have to pay for that?
Here in Denmark we have had short periods where consumers with variable rate power deals were paid to consume power.
In any case we are looking into solving the isue issue here in Denmark by colocating power heavy throtleable industries with the windfarms to use "excessive" (over demand or over transfer capacity) power when its there instead of pulling generators offline.
@tomcarr1358
What's your alternative?
(If you're going to say "Unclear" search "Hinckley C".
Note that it's going to be double the build time (at least) 4 times the build cost and saddle consumers with energy at 2.4 times the cost compared to the nearest equivalent wind project....... Then tell me it's great value)
"containers of batteries" no way that could end badly....
Great comments on the CMA GCM 'profits or losses'. Unfortunately these days the discrepancy between news stories is true for a lot of news. 😂
what kind of mooring is being used on SFO Safer??
Sager has a series of anchors that keep her in place and is hooked into a pipeline from shore. The concept is she loads up with oil from shore and tankers come alongside and would be loaded from her.
Do all registries have investigation bureaus? And are they American, US based? Shipping is so interesting politically.
How does yellow trucking corp totally stopped operations july 30 2023 is going to effect cargo shipping over the land of america?
This will impact the ability of goods coming from warehouses to distribution sites.
Yellow LTL (less than truckload) was the cheaper solution for shippers at about 1/2 price. Shippers will need to use XPO, Saia, Old Dominion etc now at a higher cost. Also someone shipping difficult items thru Yellow for 20yrs+ may have some difficulty switching and the carriers difficulty adjusting to the new freight and timing of said freight.
-Nothing positive from this except relief for other LTL carriers in this low freight market (volume slowly going up now).
Do people have any idea how much oil is in each gearbox of the larger wind turbines
Doubt if anybody is going to publicize that!
The same as in gearboxes of other generators?
@@CarlAlex2 Power station generators live in nice cozy buildings, with people continually monitoring their health. Their oil can be expected to last much longer than a windmill buffeted by changing wind, rain, cold, heat.
@@SteamCrane What gives you that idea? I bet you just made it up. We have plenty windmills some which do not even need gears - direct drive wind generators have been around since the 1920'ies. It was used in Jacobs windmills generating power in off grid parts of rural US.
So you can make windmills that require NO oil for gear lubrication at all - how can you use less than that?
DD mills are considered more expensive than geared mills, but also a lot more reliable due to the much simpler setup. DD technology also scales a lot better, so large mills tend to be DD. The current trend is that geared windmills are used in smaller mills on land. DD for mills at sea and large mills.
No oil in my electric car gears - magnets don't contact, so no need for lubcrication
Was curious if your definition of "shipping" might include freight / trucking and comments on Yellow's bankruptcy on the industry.
This is going to be bad as it deals with getting cargo from the receiving points to distribution sites.
The big story is 22,000(?) truck drivers thinking that their union cares about them.
🤔Speaking of Windfarms...... there's been a lot of controversy in New Jersey the last few months over those things. Half seems to be people trying to blame them for problems with whales. The other half seems to be people from Shore towns who don't want Tourists looking at Giant wind turbines from the boardwalks.
These windfarms are 20-30 miles out. =Won't be able to see them even with a binocular.
@@jonmccormick8683 tell that to the folks in Jersey with the NIMBY protests.... all the Jersey Shore's types are in Furious anger.
@@WALTERBROADDUS
Suggest they build nuclear instead.... LOCALLY.
.
Remind them it will be on or near the coast.... Which beach would they like to lose?
.
Then tell them it's going to take 15-20 years AFTER the "consultation" is finished.
.
Then apologise in advance for the cement trucks they're going to see constantly for that time.
.
Ask them if they want the local fossil fuel generation shut down in 5 years, or 20.
.
Etc
@@rogerstarkey5390 I don't have anything wrong with nuclear power. It's actually generating most of the power to meet locally at the moment from PECO Energy to Philadelphia. The biggest issue? This week we saw the first brand new American nuclear plant open in like 40 years. South Jersey closed the one Nuclear Plant in the region a Oyster Creek, in 2018. It had been in operation since 1969.
@@rogerstarkey5390 actually it seems the wind project is supposed to be replacing that very nuclear facility. They want to run all the power lines from the wind turbines to the electrical infrastructure at the old Nuclear Plant.
Can you imagine what a battery powered roro fire would look like?
It depends on the type of battery
In depth about propellers. Not just the average b.s., please. Thank you!
That is a really interesting story.
A lithium fire will actually BURN CO2 or water. To a lithium fire, these are fuel. It actually pulls the oxygen off the CO2 or water, leaving carbon or hydrogen gas. For background, I am a chemical engineer.
Rule 1 - A good thing doesn't need to be subsidized or mandated.
Oil rig fire might have been better served if the fire boat actually put water on the rig...
Wind turbines don't run on wind.... they run on subsidies.. they also have to be decommissioned years before the loan is paid off...
❤❤❤❤
Hello! Do you know if CMA CGM still as a Freighter Cruise program? I have an email but no one seems to reply back. Any info that I could follow-up on would be appreciated. Thank you!!
It was curtailed during COVID and I have not heard if it restarted.
Try doing this with Cruise Ships. =Can be a cook/bar tender/entertainer and get your free ride while getting paid.
Canadian news is reporting longshoreman strike is over.
A new problem in global shipping thermal runaway of an entire vessel.
What could possibly go wrong?
The battery container will be big.
I thought Mexico stopped exporting, or cut it down by 50% or something, to refill their energy reserve.
Forward To The Past, Sal! NS Savannah, where are you?
Problem is navel ships generally use highly enriched u-235 fuel. It's bomb-level fuel!
What fire fighting could they possibly do on the car carrier once they get someplace convenient. EV's have to burn themselves out and any firefighters would get cobalt heavy metal poisoning unless maybe they are in full hazmat suits. It gets in the air and is absorbed through the skin. Firefighters fighting just one car EV fire are getting permanently disabled due to cobalt heavy metal poisoning.
The elephant in the room with respect to wind and solar is that you really need large scale power storage to buffer them. It doesn't blow or shine all the time. Improving the power infrastructure backbones won't hurt either. IMO if you really want green power you should also look at nuclear.
"Look at nuclear"
Two projects come to mind.
Both in the UK
Hinckley C Nuclear.
Consultation circa 2005.
3.2GW
Cost estimate (then) ±£16m
.
Dogger Bank Wind.
Consultation, 2012 (first of its type, so longer)
3.6GW
Cost estimate ±£9bn.
.
Current status.
Hinkley.
Late (2027, some suggest 2032)
Over budget... DOUBLE at
±£32bn(!)
.....
Dogger Bank.
On time 2025, (First phase late 2023)
On budget.
.
(Forth phase under consultation).
.
So Hinkley is:
LATE
Approaching double the time,
4 (FOUR) times the cost for 12% less capacity.
.
And
Dogger Bank will be offsetting carbon as it ramps, with an energy strike price FAR below Hinkley.
.
Cheaper, faster, better value.
.
Not even close.
.
Oh
The Flamanville nuclear power station under construction in France, using the same (new) technology, is 10 years late and facing "Futher delays.....". 🤔
.
I'd be suggesting (now that the factories are running for the turbines)
Just keep building.
Employ the people.
Make the turbines cheaper as the factory cost is amortized.
Spend ±£24bn on turbines/ installation (11GW?)
Spend £5bn on storage.
That's STILL cheaper than *1* 3.2GW Unclear plant in a fraction of the time and storage included!
.
I just checked.
11GW is 34% more generation than the UK is currently obtaining from natural gas right now (13:07)
One more thing
The "Nuclear Elephant in the room"
During the time it takes to build nuclear, fossil fuel provides the energy.
For the whole period.
.
Green solutions ramp.
Between the first and last unit being installed, you get 50% capacity.
Nuclear is "binary"
It can never claw back that deficit.
Great Show WISH you would include more Story's on Wind power and other sources too....Be exciting if this is a subject for each show.....(2)....Who Great conversations Sal on NEED other sources to Some states such as Nevada has neat Natural thermo Energy. WASHINGTON HAS GREAT HYDROELECTRIC DAMS ETC WISH PUD WOULD INVEST MORE IN HYDROELECTRIC AND WATER CURRENT GENERATION PROJECTS (The neat one at Deception pass in Washington state) and make hydrogen from sea water .be exciting if some wind farms in ocean as GENERATION of hydrogen from sea water....😢🎉😂❤❤❤❤...Thank you Sal for a wonderful inspiration Show...
His focus is on shipping. He only mentions wind farms that are offshore and affecting shipping. He really does not need to go further into this topic, as there are many channels devoted to it.
I can hardly wait for tomorrow's episode; not only to hear your opinion on the 3 civilian ships headed for Ukrainian ports in spite of Russia's "soft blockade", but also to read the Kremlin's spin on it in the comments. 😁
We don't need to spend tax dollars on wind power. If it was a profitable endeavor companies would invest in it.
Be great if we didn't spend tax dollars on oil and gas
@jonnaseattle466
yeah take all the monies and go nooclear 🔥
Maybe Mexico should let the cartels handle safety/oil drilling since they run the rest of the government already.
Somebody's math is terribly wrong, or there is a serious typo. Since when is a soccer field larger that a square mile? "[...] 467square kilometers (180 square miles) in size - equivalent to about 140 soccer fields." If one uses the 467 square kilometers, and an typical professional size soccer field at 7140 square meters (80m x 105m), the total is over 65.4k soccer fields. Not even sure where the 140 came from.
O no.. If only there would be a country nearby that has some of the best salvage companies in the world 🤔
Smit is already on it.
@@SteamCrane 😄
And also don't forget the New Cold war with Russia and China, how much that will cost to your Carbon emissions.
If I was a car carrier insurance company I would never insure a ship carrying EVs!
If I were that company I'd find out what *caused* the fire rather than jumping to conclusions.
.
Anecdote
I had the "pleasure" one time of serving on a Jury.
.
Unfortunately I came across similar confirmation biased "individuals" who jumped to conclusions with no other explaintion when questioned than "that's what I think".
No reasoning, no "This person carried out this action so....."
Just "that was my general opinion before, so I'm sticking with it" (normally accompanied with a shrug).
One even said "I just want to get out of here"
.
Now, it turned out I had *REASONED* to a similar conclusion (wrong word, theirs was not a "conclusion", it was an "opinion")
Only one other in the group did the same, and was able to provide coherent argument.
The experience made me doubly determined to NEVER find myself in front of "a jury of my peers".
.
NEVER ASSUME.
.
smh
@@rogerstarkey5390 Insurance companies are going to go with the highest probability! Thats how they work! We have had two major car carrier fires with electric cars on board in last 5 years but it never happened before electric cars! Gee I wonder why!
In terms of the ship off Texas, if nobody is willing to do it voluntarily the US government should just requisition a tanker to do it, they provide shedloads of security and freedom of navigation protection for the oil industry, if the tanker operators are scared of the Iranians they should be an awful lot more scared of the US government. Plus if the US government compells them then they have the cover that they had no choice when Iranians get excited... I'm sure they'll protest a bit...
Sorry Texas Public Policy
What fire suppression measures? There are NO viable fire suppression measures for lithium battery fires. And the cobalt in the smoke is likely to be completely debilitating even if it just gets on your skin. Stay away and leave it to consume itself. If they tow it anywhere it should be taken to the deepest waters they can find and sink it. Probably less toxicity to the air but longer term damage to the sea life. How about a massive 50% tax on every watt used by an EV owner for the damage they do to the environment? They tax the crap out of gas, so yeah they should have to pay, too. Level the financial playing field and see if EV’s succeed on their own.
🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁🦁LION c LIKE No. 663 ------> That dark smudge on your left shoulder looks so much like a USN petty officer's badge. I should find some place to get these as I was a petty officer, and should really like to put them on my jackets and etc. I am proud of my service and it is ok for people to know that. Of course I will not put a rank higher than the one I earned. Was a temptation to award my self a promotion, but since I take this seriously, I will not steal honor that I did not earn... Elias
Великий и Славный и самый Имперский ЛЕВ 🦁