ive been loving this whole series but this one just shows why i love Crash Course so much. The balance y'all have in this script with the objectivity of science vs the subjectivity of culture, and the matter-of-fact.casual tone of a fun education channel while still being respectful of a heavy topic like racial inequality - masterclass in effective communication
Oh my god, I haven’t watched Crash Course in a while but I love this new host, Dr. Sammy! So glad to see more people like me as PhDs, communicating science, dialect ‘n all. I’m glad that Crash Course is making room for everyone to shine (and shed light on topics like this) ✨
The Skin color map leaves out the really interesting exception of latitude=> skin color corelation: the Inuit and other similar tribes! Diets that include regular use of blubber supplement vitamin D, meaning there wasn't the same selective pressure for lighter skin. Thus, they remained darker despite being further north!
Funnily enough I found out about this exception after watching Avatar the last Airbender, where the only people shown with relatively dark skin are the Waterbenders who live at both poles (and have designs influenced by Inuit cultures).
also, considering how long it probably took people to adapt to environments like that, are you sure they "remained" darker rather re-evolving darker skin from lighter-skinned ancestors?
I love how much understanding evolution and how species diverge and intermingle can help understand so many other concepts! -Linguistics and language diversification 🗣💬🗯 -Social psychology and idea spread and development, 👥️️💡 -medicine, virology and microevolution🩺⚕️🦠 -psychiatry, neurology and stuff like CBT 🧠💭 -chemistry, physics and entropy even! 🧪⚛️ The way evolution works is really similar to processes EVERYWHERE in the universe so it's super useful to understand :)
Just found you. Instant subscriber. Young, well-spoken, intelligent, empathetic, unbiased, well-educated, and good looking, doctor, you have it all. I am impressed, beyond words I would say, but evidently that would be an untruth. I am old but have always had a fascination with humanity , its past, its evolution, and its future. I hope one day to be a doctor myself to contribute to our understanding of ourselves and hopefully to bring forth the insight that you have here into how our differences make us the same. Until today, I was not aware of the small percentage of genetic variation within the human race. I have also learned from you the reason we utilize the word "race" in a non-scientific context to describe minor, inconsequential differences between us, often in a manner that is demeaning and counterproductive. I wish that racism was not a thing, that we could all work together to heal our perceived differences for a better future. Your work here to educate others is a stepping stone to that end, and I intend to recommend others to watch you to learn to be better people, human-beings, if they will listen and understand. A big expectation, but you are certainly giving me hope for that future being so easy to listen to, the way you lay out the facts in a way anyone can understand. Thank you.
growing up christian was very harmful for my education on how this stuff worked. this was never explained but we were just supposed to believe all humans came from two white people. I love your vids!
Thank you Thought Bubble for the burning skeleton 😆 and thank you for a very thoughtful presentation! The biracial Chinese/Irish example is a mic drop. It's so bizarre that some forms still limit you to one "race"
I'd say the internet is part of the rise in doppelgangers as well. For 2 million years of human history, we were extremely limited in how many people we saw, and those people were mostly regional. Even 200 years ago it wouldn't be unusual for people across the world to have never seen someone of another race in person. 400 years ago the majority of people had never seen it. For the last 30 years we've been able to see and communicate with people all over the world. If I have a friend in Seattle who moves to Argentina & she sees a woman who looks just like me - I'm going to hear about it, probably get a photo. She's probably going to approach my doppelganger & tell her about me. For most of human history, we'd have lived our lives on separate continents without even knowing about the other. Then there's the facial recognition software of the last decade. I'm tagging a friend in a photo & some near-twin in Indonesia gets suggested. I'm not doubting the genetic component, that may be the reason for the doppelgangers. I just think it's the mass communication, the internet & particularly social media that are how we know these doppelgangers exist.
Bright (UV) Radiation: One of the essential main impetuses behind the advancement of various skin tones is how much UV radiation is in the climate. UV radiation from the sun can be both useful and hurtful. In locales with high UV openness (close to the equator), individuals with hazier skin enjoy a benefit since melanin, the shade liable for skin tone, gives security against the hurtful impacts of extreme UV radiation, like sun-related burns and skin malignant growth. Conversely, in areas with lower UV openness (farther from the equator), individuals with lighter skin can all the more effectively produce vitamin D because of the restricted UV radiation, which is significant for bone wellbeing. Melanin: Melanin is the essential shade liable for skin, hair, and eye tone. There are two primary kinds of melanin: eumelanin (brown to dark) and pheomelanin (red to yellow). Various mixes and levels of these melanins decide a singular's skin tone. Hazier skin contains more significant levels of eumelanin, which gives more assurance against UV radiation. Hereditary qualities: Skin tone is a polygenic characteristic, meaning it is impacted by different qualities. Varieties in qualities like MC1R, TYR, and OCA2 can influence the creation and appropriation of melanin in the skin. Various mixes of these qualities add to the extensive variety of skin colors found in human populations. Relocation and Quality Stream: Human populaces have moved and blended from the beginning of time, prompting the spread of different hereditary attributes, including those connected with skin tone. Populaces in locales with various UV openness levels have traded hereditary material, prompting the variety of skin colors we see today. Social and Sexual Determination: Social inclinations and sexual choice may likewise assume a part in the upkeep of specific skin variety characteristics inside populaces. Social factors, for example, magnificence principles and mate inclinations can impact the allure of specific skin tones, prompting the tirelessness or leaning toward explicit attributes.
imho divisions based on physical differences, country of origin, favorite sports team, etc, as a way to categorize the Other for who is deserving of resources is a holdover from a world where basic survival was difficult. There is enough wealth, abundance, and resources in today's world that (with proper management and distribution!) everyone can thrive
But that would require a few people not having functionally limitless resources and billionaires really like having functionally limitless resources😕 seems unsolvable to me
Excellent video. I hope you make the skin-tone map available to buy and it gets put up in schools. Also hat-tip to Thought Cafe for Hallgrímskirkja church in the background of the shot of Reykjavík!
This awesome! I jabe to ask differences im race not create a biological fight or flight symptom or is it genuinely 100% a society thing? Because animals could fight their same species of different geographical environments to protect their territories??? Im wondering if it's genetic defense or based purely on rasiscm.
I must confess I struggle to understand the difference between human ''races'' (and ethnicities) and dog or cat breeds, especially since dogs appear to be so dissimilar, whereas cats don't as much (apart from a few breeds).
I'd say one major distinction is that the latter is a result of artificial rather than natural selection. Dog and cat breeds have traits chosen for utility or style rather than survival or the desires of the individuals involved. And as is explained in the video, other differences outside of skin color tend to be a result of societal/systemic stereotypes, expectations, and biases rather than anything inherent to the individuals of a race. For example, many "toy" dog breeds are specifically mated in order to be small in stature and generally docile in nature. However, that isn't the case with humans, where a person of any skin color can also have any personality. If you compare "purebreeds" with dogs that aren't artificially bred for specific traits -- the kind we sadly call "mutts" -- you'll notice that they tend to look pretty similar, just with different coloring. The further they are in parentage from any specific breed, the less they look like any one breed. They tend to return to a more general, one could say "natural-looking" state, and their personalities can vary more widely. They don't look or behave distinctly like a corgi or a mastiff or a chihuahua or a poodle. But they're still clearly a dog. You get a brown dog or a white dog or a black dog, and any one of those may be gentle or rough or anxious or silly or violent regardless of color. There are other distinctions between race and breeds, but that was the first thing I thought of.
"aren't really related" - that often gets used in discussions, but it just isn't true. All humans are related. It's not just because we are all in the same population (species), but because each of our individual genealogies eventually find common ancestors with everyone else *within the last couple of millennia* , and surprisingly for many people, perhaps within a handful of centuries. The use of the word "related" is often not well thought out in presentations.
I hope everyone watching this really appreciates this information, because it's what ended up being my key takeaway from the Bachelor's degree the Federal government says I still owe $16,000 for. Vitamin D, folate, clines, the exact reason why and how race is an inadequate and outdated way of understanding the differences between groups of humans - that's what my student loans paid for.
4:58 - wait a minute, I thought the idea was that sexual reproduction was *better* for genetic diversity! Isn't that the main explanation for why sexual reproduction evolved at all? With species that can do either tending to do sexual reproduction when conditions are unstable, and asexual when conditions are stable?
As I grew up I learned about three or Four Doppelgangers of me. Race is Bull-Sh*t as always. I love that I have a background that allows me to tan nicely so I can take some summer sun, and be fine in most places.
i could never understand racism ive known these things to some extent since i was very little and couldn’t grasp how people are being treated differently for something like origin when we all have the same common ancestors when a small child can understand it, why can’t some other people, the world is really bizarre
Yes, not focusing on just indigenous features of the area, South Africa's population is influenced from colonialism, but I think the color map is more relative for demonstration purposes instead of being exactly representative. Biology is also much more complex that if brought up, could muddy the facts and information trying to be presented in this short educational video. A possible reason for no "lack of melanin" trait(s) in the indigenous South African population could be from this genetic trait did not randomly form and/or selected for, on top of the likelihood that genetic flow was more prevalent throughout all of Africa (rather than the reduced genetic flow between Africa and Europe) that might have kept that trait out of the population (all guesses on my end, so just some possibilities to consider). I am not certain what the general quantity of melanin had been in South Africa pre-colonialism, so it may have had "less" melanin (aka: slightly lighter skin tone) in that area than the populations in Central Africa (I don't have any records to say it was or wasn't one way or another, again, the indigenous color map I think is more relative than exact).
Totally right, Hundreds of years ago race was a different meaning probably tribal location. Today the word race is ignorant. It should be removed from language together with racist, racially etc
its crazy that some people still think their are multiple races and that we are split into categories based on our differences when the only race is the human race and its not lots of separate groups but a spectrum
Listen 😂😂😂😂😂i cant believe the thought bubble showed someone literally cooking with fire lol wait did I see blue flames ...i need to analyze this lol freakin horrible..if it feels like that then damn my sympathy lighter brighters...take care of your selves out there ...
It's not the case that different ethnic groups have an "inability" to donate/receive organs from each other. There is a higher probability for a match based on blood type and other, sometimes complex, factors (depending on the organ or transplant). These are inherited so it makes sense that someone from the same or similar genetic background would be a likelier fit. But it's not as though there are fixed categories of compatible and incompatible-only specific matches from individual to individual that often correlates with ethnic background non-exclusively.
Wait, but what about bone shapes? They also correlate with what we call race. Faces of people of different races can look different even if you paint them all one color.
Yes and no; ultimately, you need extremely precise measurements beyond what the naked eye can gage to reliably suss out 'race' by skeleton; humans have a huge margin of error. You might not realize how bad it is because it _is_ true that some groups tend to look different to others, but when taking all of human diversity into account that means little. An ainu Japanese may be confused for a european even if not for a south African; a southern African khoisan may be confused for an east asian; an indigenous American woman may be confused for.a southeast asian; latinos sre regularly confused for North africans and arabs... There are no "Indian genes" that make you look Indian, so someone who coincidentally shares a similar set of stereotypical features may be incorrectly identified.
That's doubtful (to say the least) about bone structure and "racial" facial features. The stereotypical differences such as thicker or thinner lips, slanted eyes, etc. are only skin deep. I can remember a once prevalent myth that Black people were naturally more athletic because of an extra bone in their...legs? Arms? Which led to a joke I also recall that Whites had an extra lobe in their brain that made them better aesthetes. National Lampoon, I think.
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂 u already know it's gunna pull the heart strings lol I say leave it up I like the dialogue whether it's from ignorant ppl or not..I like to see where ppls minds r in 2023 😂
Wasnt skin color affected by the invention of agriculture? It is said early west european hunter gatherers were dark skinned even though living in less sunny region. Then came farmers from near-east who had lighter skins.
There's a comment here that says regional diets that contain more vitamin D (like Inuits with blubber) have darker skin than expected in a smooth band skin color distribution chart (as used in this video), So it is possible agriculture affected global melanin distribution via regional nutrition profiles.
Diets rich in vitamin D, such as those of the Inuit, don't face the same pressure and their skin is darker than what would be expected from an agricultural diet.
Interesting, that example of the chinese irish girl. At the same time that race is a social construct that she might choose to ignore, it’s not something that she, or anyone, can really ignore. If she looks way more chinese than irish, she wont be treated as irish. As much as it would be nice for everyone to be treated equally when it comes to someones outward appearance, that’s not the reality. She might not be let into harvard, but it’s kinda cool that after like decades of whenever that chinese ancestor came into play, she inherited their features. Kinda an imbalance of the pros and cons, but what can ya do. There are too many brain dead npc’s in this world to solve any of the worlds problems, because they never learn.
I'm a little disappointed with this episode. There's a lot of good, like the coverage of genetic diversity, clines & ancestry, etc. But a lot of it is overshadowed by racial bias and sociology. I'm not saying those topics shouldn't be included, but it feels shoe-horned in. I would equate it to having a video on the causes of World War I, but a quarter of the video is dedicated to just the Opium Wars. It's imbalanced for the content.
Three quarters of the video discusses hard science. If you think that discussing the politics of race in a discussion on skin color and race is 'shoehorned in', then you need to reevaluate your biases and why you feel that way.
What is the problem with presenting essential implications of understanding skin differences in a quarter of a video? How does that make the video "racial bias"? You are just overreacting because you don't understand how knowledge works. If we have to bring up more than one discipline to cover the full spectrum of the discussion, so be it. Don't be narrow-minded.
It wasn't a comparison, it was an analogy. And it wasn't about comparing richness and race, but showcasing the concept of a social construct. Of course, they could have taken tons of other examples just like that: nationality, gender, art, religious denominations and so on...
ive been loving this whole series but this one just shows why i love Crash Course so much. The balance y'all have in this script with the objectivity of science vs the subjectivity of culture, and the matter-of-fact.casual tone of a fun education channel while still being respectful of a heavy topic like racial inequality - masterclass in effective communication
Oh my god, I haven’t watched Crash Course in a while but I love this new host, Dr. Sammy! So glad to see more people like me as PhDs, communicating science, dialect ‘n all. I’m glad that Crash Course is making room for everyone to shine (and shed light on topics like this) ✨
The Skin color map leaves out the really interesting exception of latitude=> skin color corelation: the Inuit and other similar tribes!
Diets that include regular use of blubber supplement vitamin D, meaning there wasn't the same selective pressure for lighter skin. Thus, they remained darker despite being further north!
I didn't know that melanin retention in darker latitudes was due to diet. Cool.
Mmm. Blubber, it's what's for dinner! 🤮
You can get blasted by solar radiation up north. Melanin also protects cells from drying and freezing. You are also ignoring racial migration.
Funnily enough I found out about this exception after watching Avatar the last Airbender, where the only people shown with relatively dark skin are the Waterbenders who live at both poles (and have designs influenced by Inuit cultures).
also, considering how long it probably took people to adapt to environments like that, are you sure they "remained" darker rather re-evolving darker skin from lighter-skinned ancestors?
The host here is the coolest guy I have ever seen. Hope to see more of him.
I love how much understanding evolution and how species diverge and intermingle can help understand so many other concepts!
-Linguistics and language diversification 🗣💬🗯
-Social psychology and idea spread and development, 👥️️💡
-medicine, virology and microevolution🩺⚕️🦠
-psychiatry, neurology and stuff like CBT 🧠💭
-chemistry, physics and entropy even! 🧪⚛️
The way evolution works is really similar to processes EVERYWHERE in the universe so it's super useful to understand :)
Just found you. Instant subscriber. Young, well-spoken, intelligent, empathetic, unbiased, well-educated, and good looking, doctor, you have it all. I am impressed, beyond words I would say, but evidently that would be an untruth. I am old but have always had a fascination with humanity , its past, its evolution, and its future. I hope one day to be a doctor myself to contribute to our understanding of ourselves and hopefully to bring forth the insight that you have here into how our differences make us the same. Until today, I was not aware of the small percentage of genetic variation within the human race. I have also learned from you the reason we utilize the word "race" in a non-scientific context to describe minor, inconsequential differences between us, often in a manner that is demeaning and counterproductive. I wish that racism was not a thing, that we could all work together to heal our perceived differences for a better future. Your work here to educate others is a stepping stone to that end, and I intend to recommend others to watch you to learn to be better people, human-beings, if they will listen and understand. A big expectation, but you are certainly giving me hope for that future being so easy to listen to, the way you lay out the facts in a way anyone can understand. Thank you.
Love the implication that the British person in the intro would refer to Galarian Slowpoke! Fantastic reference there.
growing up christian was very harmful for my education on how this stuff worked. this was never explained but we were just supposed to believe all humans came from two white people. I love your vids!
Christianity has irreversibly harmed racial harmony by explaining darker skins as the Mark of Cain--something to be ashamed of.
Thank you Thought Bubble for the burning skeleton 😆 and thank you for a very thoughtful presentation! The biracial Chinese/Irish example is a mic drop. It's so bizarre that some forms still limit you to one "race"
I'd say the internet is part of the rise in doppelgangers as well. For 2 million years of human history, we were extremely limited in how many people we saw, and those people were mostly regional.
Even 200 years ago it wouldn't be unusual for people across the world to have never seen someone of another race in person. 400 years ago the majority of people had never seen it.
For the last 30 years we've been able to see and communicate with people all over the world. If I have a friend in Seattle who moves to Argentina & she sees a woman who looks just like me - I'm going to hear about it, probably get a photo. She's probably going to approach my doppelganger & tell her about me. For most of human history, we'd have lived our lives on separate continents without even knowing about the other.
Then there's the facial recognition software of the last decade. I'm tagging a friend in a photo & some near-twin in Indonesia gets suggested.
I'm not doubting the genetic component, that may be the reason for the doppelgangers. I just think it's the mass communication, the internet & particularly social media that are how we know these doppelgangers exist.
The throwback to Goatee Hank in the thumbnail is quite the deep cut. Especially since Present Hank is sporting a mustache.
Your cadence and diction reminds me of levar Burton
9:32 hey hey that's my city São Paulo right there ❤
honestly im trying to get my phd and host a crash course playlist lol seems soo fun!
Okay, I am now in love with Dr. Sammy. Excuse me while I go raid some research paper databases.
Very very well made video and channel. You are so likeable and you explain so damn good, I wish I had your channel when I was in school 20 years ago
Thank you for this. We're ALL human❤️
"genetically speaking" 😂 that's my new fav phrase
Amazing, as always, and a fantastic host to boot! ❤
Bright (UV) Radiation: One of the essential main impetuses behind the advancement of various skin tones is how much UV radiation is in the climate. UV radiation from the sun can be both useful and hurtful. In locales with high UV openness (close to the equator), individuals with hazier skin enjoy a benefit since melanin, the shade liable for skin tone, gives security against the hurtful impacts of extreme UV radiation, like sun-related burns and skin malignant growth. Conversely, in areas with lower UV openness (farther from the equator), individuals with lighter skin can all the more effectively produce vitamin D because of the restricted UV radiation, which is significant for bone wellbeing.
Melanin: Melanin is the essential shade liable for skin, hair, and eye tone. There are two primary kinds of melanin: eumelanin (brown to dark) and pheomelanin (red to yellow). Various mixes and levels of these melanins decide a singular's skin tone. Hazier skin contains more significant levels of eumelanin, which gives more assurance against UV radiation.
Hereditary qualities: Skin tone is a polygenic characteristic, meaning it is impacted by different qualities. Varieties in qualities like MC1R, TYR, and OCA2 can influence the creation and appropriation of melanin in the skin. Various mixes of these qualities add to the extensive variety of skin colors found in human populations.
Relocation and Quality Stream: Human populaces have moved and blended from the beginning of time, prompting the spread of different hereditary attributes, including those connected with skin tone. Populaces in locales with various UV openness levels have traded hereditary material, prompting the variety of skin colors we see today.
Social and Sexual Determination: Social inclinations and sexual choice may likewise assume a part in the upkeep of specific skin variety characteristics inside populaces. Social factors, for example, magnificence principles and mate inclinations can impact the allure of specific skin tones, prompting the tirelessness or leaning toward explicit attributes.
Mic Drop!! Make science fabulous every DAY
Loved your style of communicating this message ,❤
Well said!👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Very interesting! Looking forward to the next episode!
Thank you, I appreciate my melanin alot more because of you.❤
❤ I wish I could like this video twice. This video 100%
I really want to meet my doppelgängers from india, Nigeria and China.
Obama, a kenyan-white american, has an Indonesian look alike. The idea _really_ is not at all out of question.
Interesting 🤔 thank you for making this video👍
Thanks for another great video
Hi how are you and this video was so amazing keep up the good work
Great video!!
I love this video! Thanks for making this!
Simple explanation. Awesome!
Every person should watch this video, or a similar one like it.
Very cool.
Brilliant.
Very informative
imho divisions based on physical differences, country of origin, favorite sports team, etc, as a way to categorize the Other for who is deserving of resources is a holdover from a world where basic survival was difficult. There is enough wealth, abundance, and resources in today's world that (with proper management and distribution!) everyone can thrive
caveat that Western energy and resource consumption per individual is on the higher end of unsustainable
What a nice way to put it. I wish all people were as pragmatic on the topic. :)
But that would require a few people not having functionally limitless resources and billionaires really like having functionally limitless resources😕 seems unsolvable to me
Luving this new host
Excellent video. I hope you make the skin-tone map available to buy and it gets put up in schools. Also hat-tip to Thought Cafe for Hallgrímskirkja church in the background of the shot of Reykjavík!
It’s a small thing, but I thought that the detail of the darker skinned cartoon characters have light stubs for hands was clever.
Am I the only one who thinks he sounds like lavar Burton?
Sir, please make crash course on 'storytelling'.
Yeah wow this is really good
I fear the inevitable rise of the fungi. They’re just to damn good at it all!
This was a great video!
The theme music is funky
great video!
Are doppelgangers genetically identical though, like what happens in the cheetah population because the gene pool is so small?
This awesome!
I jabe to ask differences im race not create a biological fight or flight symptom or is it genuinely 100% a society thing? Because animals could fight their same species of different geographical environments to protect their territories???
Im wondering if it's genetic defense or based purely on rasiscm.
SLAY DR. BUGSSSSS
5:52 All humans are at least 99.9% genetically similar
7:24 higher melanin still enough vitamin D
Its a crime that you talked about platypuses without Perry the Platypus
Actual subject of the video title starts at 06:20
I must confess I struggle to understand the difference between human ''races'' (and ethnicities) and dog or cat breeds, especially since dogs appear to be so dissimilar, whereas cats don't as much (apart from a few breeds).
Dog breeds are much different than any two humans because we made dog breeds on purpose. No human invented a race on purpose.
I'd say one major distinction is that the latter is a result of artificial rather than natural selection. Dog and cat breeds have traits chosen for utility or style rather than survival or the desires of the individuals involved.
And as is explained in the video, other differences outside of skin color tend to be a result of societal/systemic stereotypes, expectations, and biases rather than anything inherent to the individuals of a race. For example, many "toy" dog breeds are specifically mated in order to be small in stature and generally docile in nature. However, that isn't the case with humans, where a person of any skin color can also have any personality.
If you compare "purebreeds" with dogs that aren't artificially bred for specific traits -- the kind we sadly call "mutts" -- you'll notice that they tend to look pretty similar, just with different coloring. The further they are in parentage from any specific breed, the less they look like any one breed. They tend to return to a more general, one could say "natural-looking" state, and their personalities can vary more widely. They don't look or behave distinctly like a corgi or a mastiff or a chihuahua or a poodle. But they're still clearly a dog. You get a brown dog or a white dog or a black dog, and any one of those may be gentle or rough or anxious or silly or violent regardless of color.
There are other distinctions between race and breeds, but that was the first thing I thought of.
2:30 Damn, bro! Could you be more mysterious? Good information tho.
Is natural textured hair of darker skinned people to protect them from UV too??
"aren't really related" - that often gets used in discussions, but it just isn't true. All humans are related. It's not just because we are all in the same population (species), but because each of our individual genealogies eventually find common ancestors with everyone else *within the last couple of millennia* , and surprisingly for many people, perhaps within a handful of centuries. The use of the word "related" is often not well thought out in presentations.
Would phenotypes be the correct label for the skin color variations between populations?
Any outwardly visible trait is a 'phenotype'. Your hand width is a phenotype.
You sound like a young LeVar Burton.
I hope everyone watching this really appreciates this information, because it's what ended up being my key takeaway from the Bachelor's degree the Federal government says I still owe $16,000 for. Vitamin D, folate, clines, the exact reason why and how race is an inadequate and outdated way of understanding the differences between groups of humans - that's what my student loans paid for.
imagine if the doppleganger comments on the video
Did our ancestors interbreeding with other species like neanderthals and denisovans have any influence on our skin colour
4:58 - wait a minute, I thought the idea was that sexual reproduction was *better* for genetic diversity! Isn't that the main explanation for why sexual reproduction evolved at all? With species that can do either tending to do sexual reproduction when conditions are unstable, and asexual when conditions are stable?
As I grew up I learned about three or Four Doppelgangers of me. Race is Bull-Sh*t as always.
I love that I have a background that allows me to tan nicely so I can take some summer sun, and be fine in most places.
The question should be why we have different genetic markers.
i could never understand racism
ive known these things to some extent since i was very little and couldn’t grasp how people are being treated differently for something like origin when we all have the same common ancestors
when a small child can understand it, why can’t some other people, the world is really bizarre
That skin colour map is def wrong. Pretty sure the only white people in south africa are not indigenous to south africa but rather european
Yes, not focusing on just indigenous features of the area, South Africa's population is influenced from colonialism, but I think the color map is more relative for demonstration purposes instead of being exactly representative.
Biology is also much more complex that if brought up, could muddy the facts and information trying to be presented in this short educational video. A possible reason for no "lack of melanin" trait(s) in the indigenous South African population could be from this genetic trait did not randomly form and/or selected for, on top of the likelihood that genetic flow was more prevalent throughout all of Africa (rather than the reduced genetic flow between Africa and Europe) that might have kept that trait out of the population (all guesses on my end, so just some possibilities to consider). I am not certain what the general quantity of melanin had been in South Africa pre-colonialism, so it may have had "less" melanin (aka: slightly lighter skin tone) in that area than the populations in Central Africa (I don't have any records to say it was or wasn't one way or another, again, the indigenous color map I think is more relative than exact).
We are 97 - 99% similar to primates. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Maybe we can think of some ecosystems as organizms.
Totally right, Hundreds of years ago race was a different meaning probably tribal location. Today the word race is ignorant. It should be removed from language together with racist, racially etc
its crazy that some people still think their are multiple races and that we are split into categories based on our differences when the only race is the human race and its not lots of separate groups but a spectrum
Human is a species, race is real
You can tell that the animators are Millennials based on the Pokémon references
and your problem is !
Someone played with our telemeres ion know
Kanairo
there is a guy in my church whose voice sound like my friend gerartd that i have know from bedore i went to that church.
Listen 😂😂😂😂😂i cant believe the thought bubble showed someone literally cooking with fire lol wait did I see blue flames ...i need to analyze this lol freakin horrible..if it feels like that then damn my sympathy lighter brighters...take care of your selves out there ...
One interesting side-point is the inability to conduct organ transplants across "racially" different groups.
Is that true? I’d not heard that, but now I want to learn more!
It's not the case that different ethnic groups have an "inability" to donate/receive organs from each other. There is a higher probability for a match based on blood type and other, sometimes complex, factors (depending on the organ or transplant). These are inherited so it makes sense that someone from the same or similar genetic background would be a likelier fit.
But it's not as though there are fixed categories of compatible and incompatible-only specific matches from individual to individual that often correlates with ethnic background non-exclusively.
wouldnt it be nice if everyone just understood this
1 & 10
What if you found out u was just being cloned 😮
Race is more than skin color
... who said otherwise? Did we watch the same video?
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Wait, but what about bone shapes? They also correlate with what we call race. Faces of people of different races can look different even if you paint them all one color.
Yes and no; ultimately, you need extremely precise measurements beyond what the naked eye can gage to reliably suss out 'race' by skeleton; humans have a huge margin of error. You might not realize how bad it is because it _is_ true that some groups tend to look different to others, but when taking all of human diversity into account that means little. An ainu Japanese may be confused for a european even if not for a south African; a southern African khoisan may be confused for an east asian; an indigenous American woman may be confused for.a southeast asian; latinos sre regularly confused for North africans and arabs... There are no "Indian genes" that make you look Indian, so someone who coincidentally shares a similar set of stereotypical features may be incorrectly identified.
That's doubtful (to say the least) about bone structure and "racial" facial features. The stereotypical differences such as thicker or thinner lips, slanted eyes, etc. are only skin deep.
I can remember a once prevalent myth that Black people were naturally more athletic because of an extra bone in their...legs? Arms? Which led to a joke I also recall that Whites had an extra lobe in their brain that made them better aesthetes. National Lampoon, I think.
I recommend closing the comment section NOW
Haha 😂 clever suggestion lol
Why?
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂 u already know it's gunna pull the heart strings lol I say leave it up I like the dialogue whether it's from ignorant ppl or not..I like to see where ppls minds r in 2023 😂
Ok
Funky fungi
The sun............that is all.
Oooooooooo
Wasnt skin color affected by the invention of agriculture?
It is said early west european hunter gatherers were dark skinned even though living in less sunny region. Then came farmers from near-east who had lighter skins.
There's a comment here that says regional diets that contain more vitamin D (like Inuits with blubber) have darker skin than expected in a smooth band skin color distribution chart (as used in this video),
So it is possible agriculture affected global melanin distribution via regional nutrition profiles.
Diets rich in vitamin D, such as those of the Inuit, don't face the same pressure and their skin is darker than what would be expected from an agricultural diet.
Pls also cover speiecism....
First comment🎉
Interesting, that example of the chinese irish girl. At the same time that race is a social construct that she might choose to ignore, it’s not something that she, or anyone, can really ignore. If she looks way more chinese than irish, she wont be treated as irish. As much as it would be nice for everyone to be treated equally when it comes to someones outward appearance, that’s not the reality. She might not be let into harvard, but it’s kinda cool that after like decades of whenever that chinese ancestor came into play, she inherited their features. Kinda an imbalance of the pros and cons, but what can ya do. There are too many brain dead npc’s in this world to solve any of the worlds problems, because they never learn.
Luv this comment 🎉😂❤
I'm a little disappointed with this episode. There's a lot of good, like the coverage of genetic diversity, clines & ancestry, etc. But a lot of it is overshadowed by racial bias and sociology. I'm not saying those topics shouldn't be included, but it feels shoe-horned in. I would equate it to having a video on the causes of World War I, but a quarter of the video is dedicated to just the Opium Wars. It's imbalanced for the content.
it is very much needed. racism is still alive.
Three quarters of the video discusses hard science. If you think that discussing the politics of race in a discussion on skin color and race is 'shoehorned in', then you need to reevaluate your biases and why you feel that way.
What is the problem with presenting essential implications of understanding skin differences in a quarter of a video? How does that make the video "racial bias"? You are just overreacting because you don't understand how knowledge works. If we have to bring up more than one discipline to cover the full spectrum of the discussion, so be it. Don't be narrow-minded.
The comparison between rich (money) and race was a bit weak. Bur for the rest good vido
I don't think that rich and race was the comparison, just the fact that they're both social constructs, but still affect us
It wasn't a comparison, it was an analogy. And it wasn't about comparing richness and race, but showcasing the concept of a social construct. Of course, they could have taken tons of other examples just like that: nationality, gender, art, religious denominations and so on...
Global Warming is the opposite of an Ice Age! This planet is about to get hot; LET'S GO!
So we have something to fight about...😞
Skin pigmentation
I'm 3rd comment
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