I have listened to my own professors lecture on the neurotransmitters and wasn't grasping the concept fully. After this video, I can now explain the three as my own. Thank you for your effective video!!
I've always wondered why norepinephrine had another name... now I know! These videos are great. I've learned quite a bit and I just started. Thank you for these videos!
other thing... what we are saying is that the quantity of sodium that enters the post synaptic neuron determines if a neuropath/thought/stymulus and reaction will be happy, sad, exciting or whatever? and that the neuropath/message in itself won't be affected by where the neurotransmitter came from?
Apologies for the poor audio, hopefully I can go back and redo some of these older videos in better quality in the future but glad to hear it was still helpful!
Hey Michael! I'm back. hahahah Man, this question might be too specific but i hope you can help me with it. a SSRI would make the concentration of Serotonin on the synapse higher... ok, right. but why would it matter boggles me. i mean, i always thought that the neurotransmitters carried the message, like if they held pieces of a papyrus that needed to be carried not only through the synapse but also after reaching the soma thru the axon... but i've got it (i think): what actually happens is that the message in itself is only built because of the firing of an exact sequence of neurons, right? and the neurotransmitters are, mostly, making it more likely that the next neuron will or not fire by allowing more or less sodium inside of it?? ok, ok... but what would be the difference between two known to be really different NTs clearing up the way for those sodium to enter on the post synaptic and potassiums to leave blabla? i mean, if there are more dopamine opening up receptors, it seems that we are saying that the person is going to be either more excited or anxious about whatever those neurons/neuropaths mean, right? so if a person uses a drug that induces a lot of dopamine, he/she is going to be excited about very small things. and if its serotonin, happy... so being utopic here (i know its impossible, but...) if it actually was able to get a neuropath where the pre synaptic neuron was releasing norepinephrine and used all the receptors with serotonin... it wouldn't matter at all if none of the pre synaptic NTs were used by the post synaptic - what would matter is that it "turned on" and fired? nothing out of the "papyrus" of the former neuron was needed??? and lets say the stymulus was a tiger getting near the person would kind of "read" a message of "hey, there's a tiger there" with a smile on his face and not with the fight or flight instinct on??? great content as always buddy! congratulations
Hi Gustavo, I understand your point about the level of neurotransmitter not seeming to matter as long as the ion channels open and allow sodium in. This makes sense when thinking about whether a single neuron fires or not, but the level of neurotransmitter will also influence the firing rate and duration. When it comes to complex behaviors and interactions, we're dealing with millions of neurons connected to each other along specific pathways. Particular neurotransmitters are used to carry messages along these pathways and this means that an abnormal level of a neurotransmitter can influence the functioning of that pathway. So when we talk about low dopamine or low serotonin, this can have broad effects on millions of neurons along those pathways and disrupt their patterns of firing. That said, the exact mechanisms for this process are not really well understood. In the case of serotonin we know that SSRIs can relieve depression but it's not really clear exactly how they influence the serotonin pathways over time. Hope this helps!
@@PsychExamReview it's sad that those things are not black and white, but at the same time very exciting! i thought about the situation where people are drugged, with extasis for an example. what really boggled my mind and that i think is the case is that, let me rephrase it: a person in the wild sees a wild tiger nearby. let's say reaction/passive action "X" travels through the CNS through 50 million neurons, out of which a part will make the heart race and blood run to the legs, other will open wide the pupils blablablabla... and other will get the person in an alert state. this last part (alert state), let's say, involves 10 million neurons only in the brain. let's say, as an exaggeration, that this last part would use only norepinephrine to get the message through these 10 million neurons. now let's say the subject used something that induced a mental state where he has both a huge quantity of an antagonist for norepinephrine and this something has a great quantity of serotonin. the questions here are, assuming the quantity of serotonin are enough to make the 10 million neurons in the neuropath fire as expected: 1 the message would get through? or it needs some of the neurotransmitter of the previous neuron to carry the message accordingly? in other words, do the "bland" message 100% tied to the neuropath activation and the neurotransmitter used to open the neurons on the neuropath have nothing to do with it? and most importantly: 2 if the message gets through, the switch between a would be "salted" with norepinephrine message "sweetened" with serotonin would make the person experience the "to-be panicked" message happy?
@@gustavalbericchidurocher9764 The message is always just a neuron firing or not and each individual firing is the same every time (an action potential). Different messages are just different neurons firing or neurons firing at different rates. Neurotransmitters are just the trigger that cause some neurons to fire (and not others). For example, when we say something like dopamine is related to pleasure, it's not really dopamine itself, it's that the presence of dopamine in certain areas causes some neurons to fire and that firing of neurons is what feels pleasurable.
Great videos! Love the vacuum analogy. Really helpful to simplify what could be overwhelming information. Many thanks!
You're welcome, glad you like it!
Thank you for making this video. Your videos deserve more views!
You're welcome, thanks for commenting!
I have listened to my own professors lecture on the neurotransmitters and wasn't grasping the concept fully. After this video, I can now explain the three as my own. Thank you for your effective video!!
Glad to hear that!
All the videos are really helpful. Thankyou for the effort you have put in to help us.
You're welcome, I'm glad to hear that!
I've always wondered why norepinephrine had another name... now I know!
These videos are great. I've learned quite a bit and I just started. Thank you for these videos!
Glad you like them and hope you keep learning new things!
other thing...
what we are saying is that the quantity of sodium that enters the post synaptic neuron determines if a neuropath/thought/stymulus and reaction will be happy, sad, exciting or whatever?
and that the neuropath/message in itself won't be affected by where the neurotransmitter came from?
This video is so helpful, thank you!
You're welcome!
Thank you for the videos, it's been really helpful.
You're welcome, glad to hear that!
There seems to a problem in the audio of this particular video. Kindly look into it if you seem to notice the same issue
Unfortunately the audio quality isn't great on some of my older videos before I had better equipment, my apologies for this!
This is a really helpful video. I just wish the audio quality were better, as the mic sounds like it is under water.
Apologies for the poor audio, hopefully I can go back and redo some of these older videos in better quality in the future but glad to hear it was still helpful!
These videos are so helpful! Thank You!
You're welcome!
In which video did you talk about alcohol?
Hey Michael! I'm back. hahahah
Man, this question might be too specific but i hope you can help me with it.
a SSRI would make the concentration of Serotonin on the synapse higher... ok, right.
but why would it matter boggles me.
i mean, i always thought that the neurotransmitters carried the message, like if they held pieces of a papyrus that needed to be carried not only through the synapse but also after reaching the soma thru the axon...
but i've got it (i think): what actually happens is that the message in itself is only built because of the firing of an exact sequence of neurons, right?
and the neurotransmitters are, mostly, making it more likely that the next neuron will or not fire by allowing more or less sodium inside of it??
ok, ok... but what would be the difference between two known to be really different NTs clearing up the way for those sodium to enter on the post synaptic and potassiums to leave blabla?
i mean, if there are more dopamine opening up receptors, it seems that we are saying that the person is going to be either more excited or anxious about whatever those neurons/neuropaths mean, right?
so if a person uses a drug that induces a lot of dopamine, he/she is going to be excited about very small things.
and if its serotonin, happy... so being utopic here (i know its impossible, but...) if it actually was able to get a neuropath where the pre synaptic neuron was releasing norepinephrine and used all the receptors with serotonin...
it wouldn't matter at all if none of the pre synaptic NTs were used by the post synaptic - what would matter is that it "turned on" and fired?
nothing out of the "papyrus" of the former neuron was needed???
and lets say the stymulus was a tiger getting near
the person would kind of "read" a message of "hey, there's a tiger there" with a smile on his face and not with the fight or flight instinct on???
great content as always buddy! congratulations
Hi Gustavo, I understand your point about the level of neurotransmitter not seeming to matter as long as the ion channels open and allow sodium in. This makes sense when thinking about whether a single neuron fires or not, but the level of neurotransmitter will also influence the firing rate and duration.
When it comes to complex behaviors and interactions, we're dealing with millions of neurons connected to each other along specific pathways. Particular neurotransmitters are used to carry messages along these pathways and this means that an abnormal level of a neurotransmitter can influence the functioning of that pathway. So when we talk about low dopamine or low serotonin, this can have broad effects on millions of neurons along those pathways and disrupt their patterns of firing.
That said, the exact mechanisms for this process are not really well understood. In the case of serotonin we know that SSRIs can relieve depression but it's not really clear exactly how they influence the serotonin pathways over time. Hope this helps!
@@PsychExamReview it's sad that those things are not black and white, but at the same time very exciting!
i thought about the situation where people are drugged, with extasis for an example.
what really boggled my mind and that i think is the case is that, let me rephrase it:
a person in the wild sees a wild tiger nearby.
let's say reaction/passive action "X" travels through the CNS through 50 million neurons, out of which a part will make the heart race and blood run to the legs, other will open wide the pupils blablablabla... and other will get the person in an alert state.
this last part (alert state), let's say, involves 10 million neurons only in the brain.
let's say, as an exaggeration, that this last part would use only norepinephrine to get the message through these 10 million neurons.
now let's say the subject used something that induced a mental state where he has both a huge quantity of an antagonist for norepinephrine and this something has a great quantity of serotonin.
the questions here are, assuming the quantity of serotonin are enough to make the 10 million neurons in the neuropath fire as expected:
1 the message would get through? or it needs some of the neurotransmitter of the previous neuron to carry the message accordingly?
in other words, do the "bland" message 100% tied to the neuropath activation and the neurotransmitter used to open the neurons on the neuropath have nothing to do with it?
and most importantly:
2 if the message gets through, the switch between a would be "salted" with norepinephrine message "sweetened" with serotonin would make the person experience the "to-be panicked" message happy?
@@PsychExamReview or, are the messages carried through - neuropaths fired - bland in itself and the neurotransmitters the seasoning?
@@gustavalbericchidurocher9764 The message is always just a neuron firing or not and each individual firing is the same every time (an action potential). Different messages are just different neurons firing or neurons firing at different rates.
Neurotransmitters are just the trigger that cause some neurons to fire (and not others). For example, when we say something like dopamine is related to pleasure, it's not really dopamine itself, it's that the presence of dopamine in certain areas causes some neurons to fire and that firing of neurons is what feels pleasurable.
@@PsychExamReview thanks man!