What Was The Earth Like 500 Million Years Ago?
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- Опубликовано: 9 фев 2025
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Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Edited by James Devonport
Extra Editing and Narration by David Kelly
Thumbnail Art and Art by Ettore Mazza
Additional Visuals by Manuel Rubio
If you like our videos, check out Leila's RUclips channel:
/ @somethingincredible
Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist, stock footage from Videoblocks and Artgrid. Galaxy and space imagery from NASA and ESO.
Thanks to Gplates for their fantastic work.
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Nice videos, but as a biologist, I have a couple of comments: Chordates name does not come from the nerve, but from a notochord - the structure made from the connective tissue that runs through their body. The nerves run above this structure and the digestive system below. The remnants of notochord in humans are spinal disks. Nerves are derived from ectoderm, while notochord from mesoderm. Also, you should give species binomial names according to the standard - where the genus name is written starting with a capital letter, but then the species name is not capitalized so it would be Paradoxides davidis not Paradoxides Davidis.
So 😎
Shelly Fauna and I dated back in college.
I'm sick of getting interested in a video only to have a commercial slapped in my face. one of my favorite channels just got a DO NOT RECOMMEND CHANNEL. I'm in a bad mood now.
@@A3Kr0n Dude, use appropriate browser plugins.
"The urine-soaked shores of Cape Cod" is such a great line
A tale as old as time!
It reminds me, when I inwardly bemoan the preponderance of urine-soaked mattresses discarded under my local viaduct, ‘twas ever thus!
Lol, I just repeated it to my kids then came here to comment on it. I should have known someone would have beaten me to it
Better than the sewage-soaked shores of Great Britain.
But not actually true.
Worlds most underrated, high quality (script, visuals and voice acting) channel
Right? It’s like old pbs documentaries :)
Would be nice if they showed their sources though
"Fast moving bottom feeders" is a phrase that never fails to show me how totally unsophisticated I really am.
one of the very best channels on youtube
It's all speculations presented as facts
@@MatthewMcRowan Start reading books so you won't keep making comments like that.
Like climate "science"? Pandemic "modelling"? Or Attenborough just making shit up? I trust a youtuber more than a scientist these days. I grew up loving Life on Earth but now I'm sad that tv documentaries are as much fiction as ancient aliens. At least there is a place for dissent in the comment section here which you are welcome to contribute to.
@@MatthewMcRowan Well according to you: "The circuits get hotter and denser as economics, scientific methodology, neo-evolutionary theory, and AI come together: terrestrial matter programming its own intelligence at impact upon the body without organs = 0." You might be crazy.
@@paleobuffiqsounds like the type of person who already has everything figured out. Nothing left to learn, no need to read anything
It's insane to think it took something like 5 more cataclysmic extinctions to finally take down trilobites. Apart from single celled things, sponges, sharks, and some insects; I can't think of any other animal that had that kind of resilience.
Wake up ! Read some research for yourself , instead of believing communist politicians who want putin to be the only one with oil !
The French climate real scientist Maunder , determined in the 1700’s that Solar Sun minimums and Solar maximums cause the ONLY SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHANGES ! Hydrogen Sulfide from volcanic eruptions oxidize by cosmic solar ray ozone to Sulfurous Acid and Sulfuric Acid in the upper atmosphere and tropopause ; CAUSING CLOUDS TO FORM BY NUCLEATION - CONDENSATION OF WATER : Sulfuric Radical Decahydrates ; I.e., ten molecules of water surround each H2 SO4
molecule … and the HEAVY MUST SEEDS THE FORMATION OF THE CLOUDS THAT REFLECT THE INFRARED WAVELENGTH OF SOLAR RADIATION BACK INTO COLD SPACE BY ALBEDO REFLECTION JUST. LIKE SNOW. DOES !This is why solar minimums ( low sun spots) cool the earth … and high solar sunspots heat the temperature of earth’s atmosphere !
Explained Simply : it takes normal cosmic radiation from space to form reflective cooling clouds …
BUT SOLAR MAXIMUM SUNSPOTS GREATLY INCREASE THE EARTH’s MAGNETIC ALLEN BELT FIELD WHICH DEFLECTS THESE BENEFICIAL COSMIC RAYS FURTHER FROM THE EARTH’s CLOUD LAYER … thus , BOTTOM LINE : No Clouds are formed , AND. THE HOT RAYS OF THE BROILING SUN HIT THE EARTH’s SURFACE AND HEAT IT !
Now , what about the SOON -COMING BIBLE’s TRIBULATION PERIOD ? I’m glad you asked !
Zechariah 14 chapter ,
Isaiah chapter 30 , and
Isaiah 24 : 5 - 6 WARNS BECAUSE Dr. Fauchi and his bioengineers Broke DNA … “ The Everlasting Covenant “ and helped the man-made viruses become more DEADLY
( increased infectious function) … The Creator is going to have to BAKE. THE EARTH … like Genesis 18 and chapter 19 ; to get rid of these nasty infective things … SO YOU CAN BE SAVED , BORN AGAIN PERMANENTLY … and come back with Him to live on a CLEAN , STERILIZED EARTH … “ where nothing hurts in all My Holy Mountain”
Just Invite Him into Your Heart PERMANENTLY , and say : “Thank You LORD “. I’ll see You there !
Revelation 3:20
“Behold , I stand at the door and knock : if any man hears my voice and opens the door , I will come in to him and sup with him and he with me “
and “I will never leave you, nor forsake you ever “
Hebrews 13:5
“All that the Father giveth me will come to me, and him that cometh to me , I will in no wise cast out”. “All that the Father hath given me , I have lost none “ …
Ecclesiastes 3 : 14-15
“ For I know that whatsoever God doeth , it shall be forever; nothing can be put to it , nor anything taken from it , and God doeth it that all men should fear before Him . For that which is , is the same as that which was , and that which was is the same as that which shall be ; for God requireth that which is past.”
BEING FOREVER, PERMANENTLY WITH YOUR JESUS , IS GOING TO BE WONDERFUL … You’ll See … Ephesians 1
“ Eye hath not seen , nor ear heard ; the things that God hath laid up for those who love Him .”
Trilobites were so common, a lovesick Ediacaran critter would no doubt hear the tired line, "Well, there's plenty of Trilobites in the sea."
@@Moho_braccatus_yeah, the Trilobites gave almost every Mass extinction the back hand, and they remained almost the same from BEFORE THE CAMBRIAN till the end of the Permian, THEY ARE PRE CAMBRIAN AND THEY HELD THAT FORM FOR SO LONG!
Too soon! I still miss the trilobites. ... * goes sobbing in a corner *
@@johannageisel5390 I’m honestly not convinced they are gone considering what they survived…
Trilobites are the most amazing creatures to ever exist, existing 270 million years or so, surviving multiple extinction events. They're what got me into this subject in the first place.
Sorry they were not around that long ago. Seriously more like just a few thousand years ago. Fossilized soft protiens proves that beyond a doubt.
@@vikingskuld LOL, LMAO EVEN
@@Justmonika6969 yes I know it sounds crazy but even scientists are writing papers pointing out there is no possibility that collagen could last millions of years. The very best there could only be .001% at 1 million yeas. There is no way to stop proteins from decaying NONE. Even modern forensics crime studies proves over and over collagen couldn't last a million years. Plus they found other more delicate proteins like actin and elastin. You got to look at the new data anything over 3 to 5 years ago won't help its old. To much work has been done the last few years. Iron cross linking won't preserve it that long and it wouldn't stop the proteins from breaking down in any case. Believe it or not it's a real thing
@@G0nxsf hey what I was trying to point out was not the age your talking about. I very badly, was trying to say with the finding of soft tissue in Dino fossils and in fossils all the way back to 500 million years. That the protiens found in those soft tissue show that those fossils died and were buried only a few thousand years ago. There is no mechanism to stop the protiens from braking down. In forensics there have been a lot of studies showing how fast those protiens do break down. There is no known mechanism to allow those soft tissue to last 65 plus million years.
@@vikingskuldshells have been proven to harden to stone long enough. Do some research
This ought to be played in every Geography and Biology lesson!
Chill bro
Better still religious studies.
@@gerryhouska2859 or just forget religion altogether. Humanity will be better off.
@@jameshall1300 This is an opinion not a fact. You irreligious types spout this constantly yet throughout human history, most human societies tend to fall on it. So either it's necessary to our biological systems or it actually has a purpose that isn't negative.
@@mikewlazlinski4309 or we just didn't understand the natural world well at all, and it was less scary to say some omnipotent father figure was looking out for us than it was to face the unknown. Kind of weird how the more we learn about the physical world, the fewer believers there are, huh?
"What was the earth like 500 million years ago?"
Like riding a bicycle. Except the seat is on fire and the bike is on fire and the ground is on fire and everything is on fire because it's hell.
but the dank trilobites! they were so cute!
Oh I dunno, I just got back from a trip there and I hadean excellent time!
@@cartoonistanonymousA Hadean excellent time in Hades, yes? 😁
Oh yeah, life in the ocean was much more comfortable-too comfortable indeed, as it was explained in the film!
But there is a living fossil species that changed little since the Triassic when they first appeared, called Notostraca Triops, or commonly "tadpole shrimp" (they're in fact neither). They live in extremely arid areas, in temporary seasonal pools, and lay eggs that can dry up so hardily that they persist in soil for decades and even pass through mammals and birds undigested. When there's enough rainfall to form pools, they soak up and hatch, grow into adults in a matter of days and reproduce before the pool dries up. Life, once started, finds a way...
@@cykkm god frickin life is really cool sometimes, that is awesome!
When I was a child I was given a beautiful fossil of a trilobite. When told of their extinction, I refused to believe they were gone. Spent many a summer searching field and stream trying to find proof of their continued existence. Didn't really give up until I was about 12.
More from this channel, please!
Finally, a new episode!!!!
I'm so thrilled, thank you so much.
Can't wait to learn some new stuffs
Hah, I saw the post, checked the clock, rejoiced, checked my subscription list, didn't see it, got sad I apparently miscalculated the time zone difference, checked the channel page on a hunch and rejoiced again! Evening saved!
🖖
thanks for the unprompted blogposting keep us posted 👍
@@dmignI dunno man, I'm pretty invested at this point
i don't get new episode notifications for them either. Fuck the algorithm.
Didn’t ask
The Pre-Cambrian and Cambrian periods are those that fascinate me the most. So much is shrouded in mystery, and yet we can still make good guesses to what happened and how the world looked. Stuff of dreams for me 🙂
As a Cape Cod local, I like how you guys compare tourists to bacteria.
I used to live in Hull, MA which was similar but on a much smaller scale. Summer traffic was terrible.
Hyannis, and he’s very right lol.
I thought it was funny when he said the locals were friendly.
You guys need to get a sewer system. Your current thing is simply gross. Don't think it would be even a little bit legal where I am, across the Atlantic. How come America won't spend on infrastructure?
We have too many wars to fund for infrastructure etc
@@PsychedelicWinter110 y'all should protest, or something!
An interesting thing about echinoderms is that in their juvenile form their are bilaterally symmetric. The 5-part symmetry they're so famous for is a secondary adult characteristic.
This needs to be 3 hours. I love watching and sleeping to this stuff.
I'm going to sleep like there's no tomorrow.
me too brother
any new edition is worth at leats 2 weeks of good material to sleep to
Samee
And I'm going to listen to this gloriousness while I go for a weekend walk. And then watch again for the visuals, and then listen again at sleepytime. The more views, the better.
The quality of your work (on all your channels) is simply superb!
All wrapped up in your soothing narrative voice!
Subscribed on all your channels, of course...
What channels?
@@unluckypants6459 History of the Universe, History of Earth, Voices of the Past, History of Humankind.
The last four years have been trying times, both for myself and for humanity as a whole.
Covid, the ongoing wars, and the continuing climate crisis have taught us of the hubris of the scientific community and those who govern our societies.
On a more personal note, I have had to 'lock down' due to health issues. My continuing problems with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were exacerbated by cancer in my chest.
Throughout this period, I have had the joy of watching and listening to this and the other two channels by these amazing creators. These videos are the very definition of Edutainment. Thank you to all involved in the researching and producing of these works of art. Also, thank you to my co-commentors (sic) for your well moderated comments and praise 🙏
The “blue whale” seen in the clip is a humpback whale, and The “Great White Shark” shown in your brief clip is actually a Tiger Shark, just fyi. 😉
The famous big boys always are stealing attention from the smaller members of their clades...
Everyone is using that clip. It was stolen from someone and they uploaded, incorrectly calling it a Blue Whale. Since then every time I see that clip the narrators are saying it's a blue whale.
To me, getting confused between a blue and humpback whale is like getting confused between an Emu & a hummingbird..
@@Caelia7Can you imagine the sound of an emu sized humming bird? 😮
It would probably sound like a helicopter. 🤔
@NarwahlGaming 😳
That's such a cool idea!
uM, aCtUaLlY...
Another fantastic voyage! Thank you David & Leila, you guys are top notch entertainers and educators! I am grateful for all of the hard work!
I love your content on all channels, please keep it coming!
Began watching this and his other channels while reading Adrian Tchaikovsky's Children of Time... Can't believe how much real life appliable knowledge I've acquired since then because of this man. Thank you for your dedicated service to humankind!
Great book. I picked it up in a charity shop, didn't know anything about it. I was, at the time, keeping a Regal Jumping Spider as a "pet". Made me look at her in a different sort of a way :)
Loved Children of Time. Children of Memory seemed ok, but I never finished reading it.
It's always a five-star experience with David Kelly's narration !!!
Thank You So Much !
No one else finds his weird phrasing annoying?
One of the best documentary series ever has a new episode! Easily worth the 5 months wait.
But spoiled by recent compulsory$ary CO2 phobia....
@Anton-tf9iw By compulsory do you mean scientifically factual? And by CO2 phobia do you mean reasonable concern over climate change and the 6th great mass extinction on Earth?
this channel is highly underrated. The quality is up there with the best!
Thank you guys heaps for improving on the audio mixing from the last video. Much less distracting this time around. I am looking forward to the next post on History of the Universe and this one. Keep up with the good work
Yesssss been waiting for a new video from you guys! Gonna watch right now :D
Edit: love the Cambrian soooo much. Thanks for another amazing video! ❤
Me too!
What a delight, my favorite YT channel is back. Marvelous episode as always. Thanks a lot. I think I will rewatch the whole series soon. 😊
I must have watched (and listened) to this channel a dozen times already. At the time of writing this comment, I have just done watch number three of this episode. It's easily one of the best pieces of edutainment ever 🙏
Leila Battison is the best writer on this channel by far!! I hope she writes more for hotu!!
Great as usual. Adding much new info and viewpoints to an already somewhat known time period. Wonderfully written and narrated too.
I’m in awe that documentary with such quality content is free, great work as usual and keep it up!
Always top shelf info, visuals and real human narration.
Those fast radio bursts remind me of the discovery and exploration of quasars: "At first, astronomers had no idea what they were seeing." - IMHO that is the beauty of science.
Climate change doesn't necessarily correlate to sea level rise if there are no ice caps already
Its a Plant! its a Sponge! It's a some weird water bugs and strange fish!
ITS THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION
×Wow that's animals and stuff×
lost it at "wow that's animals and stuff".
f*cking lmao.
I am sick and I cant find something I have to hand in tomorrow but this really improves my day alot. Thank you!
Hi Pete and friends, just wanted to chime in and say how much I love the channel. Truly one of my favorite channels to escape to, learn, and be entertained all at the same time.
crazy to think that something as complex and world breaking as eyes were ubiquitous as soon as complex life enters the fossil record
These works are amazing! So much better than anything on mainstream TV. In fact, the last great series (on terrestrial TV) of this type was Aubrey Manning's Earth Story, over a quarter of a century ago!
Finally a new episode! I have watched all 28 former episodes (this is No. 29) - they are the best towards Earth's history I have ever found. Please continue this series through the periods of Earth's history until (and including) the Kainozoic. This series is such a treasure of knowledge, it should be on the curriculum of schools or even universities.
This is such a great channel, peaceful and informative. You really take me on a journey through the Earths story
At last ! I cannot thank you enough for this series, it is clearly my favorite from all those you do
"Finally, the helicoplacoids have the appearance of a towel wrung out to dry, if that towel happened to be made of rigid armor"
In other words, not a very good towel, is it?
Can't wait for the Permian video.
A gem of an episode, one to watch more than once!
Just when I thought that you could do no better, you bring out a new video and raise the bar ever higher. Well done!
this video is so inspiring and scientifically well- founded! Thanks for having made it
I just love your work. So great to have new material to enjoy! Btw, my all time favorite has been The Boring Billion. Thank you for being uniquely awesome!
Many thanks, Leila! Once again, so superb. And all without much mention of the Burgess Shale or "Wonderful Life."
The story of our earth is a beautiful and violent yet also peaceful story, every time something happens, the cosmic hammer of nature comes swinging to change it again…
Also fun fact: there’s over 25,000 species of trilobites so far That We Know Of…
Brazilian geologist here. Thanks!
It is a masterpiece!
Great stuff as always. I personally don’t care for the obligatory “looming climate change catastrophe” bit but that doesn’t change my opinion about how wonderful this series is and the others. I always look forward to them.
I use my tablet as my alarm so in the morning when it tells me to get my butt outta bed i always see the new notifications , the drawback is i saw yours and it'll be at least twelve hours before I'll get to sit back and enjoy it ! Thanks guys !
It always makes my day when one of these videos comes out.
I think this channel is my favorite, absolutely great videos every time!
Great RUclips Channel as well as Video with great analysis, voice, animation & feelings of reality. We are always with you plz upload videos on regular basis, you waited us long. Thank You Very Much 😊
These are just the best videos of their kind.
I don't understand why there was a positive carbon isotope excursion in limestone during the SPICE event? If limestone is the dead carcasses of foraminifera why would those foraminifera have taken up more C13 than normal?
Pete, David, and Leila, You're the best! How your brain decided to weave Cape Code and the SPICE event together is singularly astounding! Who thinks of stuff like that? Your videos are packed with such temporally separated comparisons. I love it.
imo change in ocean chemistry, possibly due to volcanic activity or other geological processes can influence the carbon isotopic ratios available for foraminifera.
Thank you. Sounds reasonable.
Thank you guys for yet another interesting video! I told my wife about the urine problem in New England, and her facial expression was hilarious.
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
One of the best channels out there. Keep up the incredible work, good science man
I've loved your videos since I first saw them. You've talked all about animals and the Earth. Would you please do a video/videos about plants in the Earth's history. Ie. the eras of gymnosperms, angiosperms etc, what effect they've had on animals and vice/versa. Or "living fossils". Something of the sort relating to plants.
7:30 The man in the middle of the photo is missing his right hand.
I think he is John Wesley Powell. Look him up on Wikipedia... he has a very interesting life. He has many things named after him like Lake Powell.
@@beachbum200009 I used to go houseboating on lake Powell, back before it developed it's infamous bathtub ring. The side canyons are a dream to explore. But the wind can get a bit nasty on the lake. As a kid I remember one storm blew us out of the cove we had picked for the night.
I subscribe to a number of RUclips channels on a variety of topics, but it's so nice when autoplay brings me to this one. Just a calm, serene presence, a respite from all the craziness of current events. Thanks for your high quality content. 💗
A fascinating documentary on this most interesting time in the early history of complex life. This is such a brilliant channel, with great topics that are covered in detail yet are presented in a highly engaging manner.
Excellent content-not that unusual these days, still much appreciated.
Adept narration-much rarer. Even more appreciated.
Thanks again for one of the best quality content on You-Tube.
Nice lead in to the sponsor 😉 it's always pleasant to get a joke with the pitch. Fantastic video as usual, I watch them all many times and my kids like them too. We listen to them before bed
It's so nice to rest and learn together at the end of the day 🥰
Jokes aside, I love his content.
I sleep to it almost every night.
Fascinating. Despite my interest in Biology & Geology going back decades, there seems always something new to learn. Thank you, once again, for not dumbing-down the content matter in the quest to keep it entertaining.
Another remarkable episode amongst many others in your various series. Quenches a thirst for knowledge. Well done.
This is truly an amazing world we live in and I still can’t get it in my head how old it is and at one point why did the Dinosaurs live here and no humans 🫣🫢🧐😳👊🏻❤️
Because humans hadn’t evolved yet.
HOW COULD humans have lived with dinosaurs?
Bedtime sorted 😴. Thanks in advance for another enjoyable and thought-provoking video.
Just like a fast radio burst, this channel's videos are worth waiting for. . . I love this channel! My joy is boundless. There IS a Troll Research Station!
Thank god i discovered this channel!
Fantastic as always. Thanks
This was exceptional and I learned so much! Thank you!
Oh yeah! Feel like I've waited soooo long for this. Awesomeness
This, Universe, and Humankind help bring me peace. Thank you 🙏🏻
Brilliant, as usual; thank you.
I got notification from this channel & honestly it's like winning the lottery thank you
Amazing. Id watch tv if it was of this quality
Excellent, another video I'll put on over and over as I go to sleep and never make it to the end of.
"Helicoplacoids look like a towel that's been wrung-out to dry...'" - I think I've truly found my Cambrian spirit animal now.
Best to stock up on toliot paper now, as the president who allowed it to occur just got reelected.
Have watched this thrice over now; even among your extraordinary channels History of Earth is something else
See you in half a billion. ❤
Superb script Leila! A fantastic video.
Excellant audio level and mic work.
Totally worth the 5 month wait since the last instalment of this incredible series... quality > quantity.
Just finished watching!
It's always a great day for some history!
Another fantastic video!
I absolutely Love these videos about earths geologic history 😊👍 Even more then the history of the univers videos of yours, tho I realy enjoy those too.
Such a facinating existential subject.
Thought there were no more coming. Very happy to see more👍
When I hear there is no sewing system in the USA, I'm amazed! 😱
What kind of coutry is this?
Superb narration and scientific analysis.
Just a day before this was released I was watching the shrooms one thinking "man, I wonder when Pete will drop another HotE masterpiece". I am astounded my wish came much earlier than I thought!
Well technically this is David. Pete's doing History Time.
We now "stand at catastrophic global worming"..... because we live now. There where so many catastrophic events in the Earth's history, we modern humans would have died of heart attack and depression before each event would even began. Cheer up people, our humble industial civilization can't even compare with those times.
?
Did you have a point?
I know that you are as intelligent as a plant, but do you think you can breathe like one too?
@nickguy8037 why do you talk with plants?!
@@bilibistrox
Because they (you) post stupid comments that should be challenged.
@nickguy8037 so you think plants are stupid?
@
If by “stupid” you mean “lacking in cognitive ability”, then yes.
Imagine being the poor bastard who goes back in time to the cambrian just to see the life there for themself, only to realize, "Oops! All trilobites."
Got to admit, I’d love that.
Of all creatures that have ever existed on Earth, my favourite is the Trilobites, with Hallucigenia coming a close second.