Neurosurgeon explains brain surgery | Neuralink - Lex Fridman Podcast
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- Опубликовано: 9 сен 2024
- Lex Fridman Podcast full episode: • Elon Musk: Neuralink a...
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GUEST BIO:
Elon Musk is CEO of Neuralink, SpaceX, Tesla, xAI, and CTO of X. DJ Seo is COO & President of Neuralink. Matthew MacDougall is Head Neurosurgeon at Neuralink. Bliss Chapman is Brain Interface Software Lead at Neuralink. Noland Arbaugh is the first human to have a Neuralink device implanted in his brain.
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EPISODE LINKS:
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DJ's X: x.com/djseo_
Matthew's X: x.com/matthewm...
Bliss's X: x.com/chapman_...
Noland's X: x.com/ModdedQuad
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Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: lexfridman.com/sponsors/cv7719-sa
See below for guest bio, links, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.
*GUEST BIO:*
Elon Musk is CEO of Neuralink, SpaceX, Tesla, xAI, and CTO of X. DJ Seo is COO & President of Neuralink. Matthew MacDougall is Head Neurosurgeon at Neuralink. Bliss Chapman is Brain Interface Software Lead at Neuralink. Noland Arbaugh is the first human to have a Neuralink device implanted in his brain.
*CONTACT LEX:*
*Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: lexfridman.com/survey
*AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: lexfridman.com/ama
*Hiring* - join our team: lexfridman.com/hiring
*Other* - other ways to get in touch: lexfridman.com/contact
*EPISODE LINKS:*
Neuralink's X: x.com/neuralink
Neuralink's Website: neuralink.com/
Elon's X: x.com/elonmusk
DJ's X: x.com/djseo_
Matthew's X: x.com/matthewmacdoug4
Bliss's X: x.com/chapman_bliss
Noland's X: x.com/ModdedQuad
xAI: x.com/xai
Tesla: x.com/tesla
Tesla Optimus: x.com/tesla_optimus
Tesla AI: x.com/Tesla_AI
*SPONSORS:*
To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
*Cloaked:* Online privacy protection.
Go to lexfridman.com/s/cloaked-cv7719-sa
*MasterClass:* Online classes from world-class experts.
Go to lexfridman.com/s/masterclass-cv7719-sa
*Notion:* Note-taking and team collaboration.
Go to lexfridman.com/s/notion-cv7719-sa
*LMNT:* Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
Go to lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-cv7719-sa
*Motific:* Generative ai deployment.
Go to lexfridman.com/s/motific-cv7719-sa
*BetterHelp:* Online therapy and counseling.
Go to lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-cv7719-sa
*PODCAST LINKS:*
- Podcast Website: lexfridman.com/podcast
- Apple Podcasts: apple.co/2lwqZIr
- Spotify: spoti.fi/2nEwCF8
- RSS: lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
- Podcast Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
- Clips Channel: ruclips.net/user/lexclips
*SOCIAL LINKS:*
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You will never be GOD
Your brain during this video: "Hey, they're talking about me!" 🧠❕️
I have a question, so the next patients implant will have deeper electrodes implanted meaning that deeper holes need to be drilled, at that depth (5-7mm) it becomes very dangerous this is close or inside the subcortical areas? this can have a strong impact on emotions and sensory and motor control and decision making. These holes don't just fix themselves and would be permanently damaged at the entire surface area of the holes that will be drilled.
Also the electrodes and their sensitivity degrades or becomes non functional as seen with the first patients this can have various reasons but for me the biological reason is that the surface becomes "dead or ischemic" as astrocytes will employ their role of not supplying the damaged areas with nutrients and oxygen and the electrodes struggle to pick up signals because there is no more signals being picked up that easily at the regions.
What is the solution to this? because you can't go and take them out every time and drill new holes at another region and permanently damage another area of the brain? Will neuralink plan to build non-invasive devices in the future that are very sensitive and have the same functions? because you guys can actually gather important information from the invasive techniques and their recorded data and then use machine learning on that data and then build a better non invasive model that could achieve the same results?
I suppose we'll find out. You're right, there are innumerable implications. But, I'd like to believe these individuals' standard of living is being improved enough to make the potential drawbacks worth it, as with any surgery...like you said, these initial trials actually offer an immense amount of insight, which hopefully offsets the "variability" and potential for error. Generally speaking, I doubt we'll see a non invasive variation within our lifetime.
@@akramarebi123 yes off course this technology is amazing and ground breaking to say the very least and I'm all for it and want this to succeed! but according to the initial results the electrodes/wires lose their functionality as time progresses so the solution looks to be not a permanent solution but more like a medium-long term solution.
That's the nature of medicine. This is pure speculation. But, objectively, would you not take the myriad of potential complications for an improvement in your basic functions?
@@akramarebi123 for me that is a big yes and a big no. Would be awesome for a paraplegic to be able to interact and communicate with the world around them/yourself but also scary if to imagine that you will lose your psyche and consciousness
great question.
with every brain surgery there's an essential aspect of reducing the range of surgical invasion, because brain tissue is damaged every. single. time. as long as human hands are holding the instruments, even a pulse-jitter will account for some small level of damage. but this is not cause for the neurosurgeon to abandon his duties and flee. you understand.
arterial lesions are serious, cannot be fixed during surgery, and will most likely lead to brain death of the area at minimum. this remains the greatest concern. often neurosurgeons will use a sterile pad doused in a special medicament to temporarily stifle bleeds during surgery. again, options are limited.
in cases where we risk deeper penetration there's considerations about other angles, positions in the surgical framework used to hold the head, position of the window and many more. for example transsphenoidal surgery for a common pituitary adenoma avoids most of the brain tissue via entry through the sinuses.
at the end of the day, almost all patients of neurosurgery will go home with some level of critical change, our goal will be to minimise that while maintaining the clear objective of removing the imminent threat. a lot of work can be done, i suspect much of it being removing the human error part.
source: neurosurg student
Thumbnail looks like Thor's hammer.
Knew someone would pick up the Mjolnir vibes
did i hear a FINAL SOLUTION drop??
It’s a funny game in which the only way to win is not to play
Brain surgery is a crazy idea. Once you start drilling a "column" in somebody's brain, how do you know that you are not permanently altering that person's abilities, memories, processing capabilities, etc.? Yes, I'm sure they can go on and on about how they understand the structures and areas of the brain and what their functions are, and how they can avoid doing damage.
Well, OK, but it still seems nutty to me. I get that if you have a giant tumor in there, it needs to come out, but brain surgery seems like the biggest crapshoot there is.
In a rough sense this is why in many neurosurgical procedures the patient is awake and maintains some degree of communication with the anesthesiologist. If the person goes from normal to slurring words or starts to become nonsensical, they can cease operation and in theory not cause more damage. In a less rough sense, there is no way to be 100% certain. No two brains are the same.
I believe the point is, in fact, to permanently alter things
@@tyrone_shoelace_says Well, yes, of course, in the case of Neuralink implants. I was speaking in general terms for "corrective" surgeries to get back to a "baseline".
But they “Can’t Cure Cancer”
I get the sentiment but "cancer" is not one thing, it's 100s of thousands. Some we can hold off for extended periods of time, others we can't (I say hold off because the only sure thing besides death is cancer, it is entirely probabilistic and will happen at some point). In that respect yes, we can't cure cancer just like we can't cure the common cold. It's too diverse and dynamic, there is no silver bullet. That's not to say mechanisms can't be theorized that can treat a big chunk of them for extended periods of time, we already have some. My uncle has been living with late stage lung cancer for 8 years, my grandmother lived with terminal brain cancer for 13 years, and she would have lived longer if she followed through with chemo and radiation post secondary diagnosis, but she decided not to and it killed her in less than 4 months. In short, this shit ain't easy.
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