Signal Analysis using Matlab - A Heart Rate example

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  • Опубликовано: 31 дек 2024

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  • @blakemartin4820
    @blakemartin4820 10 лет назад +6

    This is a great tutorial. I really like the way you show how errors happen and how to fix them. I also like your very clear coding language. My one suggestion is that MatLab is quite slow in doing loops, so it is better to use logical indexing. The code remains almost identical, but rather than an 'if' loop, I just make a variable called 'beat_grab' that grabs all of the counted beats at one time:
    %% count dominant peaks
    beat_grab = sig(k)>sig(k-1) & sig(k)>sig(k+1) & sig(k) >1;
    beat_count = length(beat_grab);
    Then continue with code to divide the beats
    Original code runs in about
    0.001754 seconds.
    Altered code runs in about
    0.000208 seconds, ten times faster.
    This may not matter depending on your sampling rate and the length of your data, but MatLab programmers generally try to be as efficient as possible, and loops are low on effeciency.
    Still I learned some new things too! Thanks.

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад +2

      I tend to avoid loops myself but I use this tutorials to teach programming as well and not all programming languages work in the same way as matlab - but they do all have loops! Thanks for your comments!

  • @lparry92
    @lparry92 4 года назад

    Thank you so much for providing an example with data that can be attained too. It helps so
    much to be able to follow this tutorial with you

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  4 года назад

      No problem! Glad it helped.

  • @TheKarantheking
    @TheKarantheking 2 года назад

    Thank You very much. This video is still very helpful in 2022 !!

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  2 года назад

      Here's hoping it'll still be useful in 2032!

  • @anuj.zest-AnujKhandelwal
    @anuj.zest-AnujKhandelwal 11 лет назад

    Thanks David, "Frequency Domain 1.3 - Demonstration - Application of frequency domain view" was really helpful to understand the concept.
    Yes, I have frequency-domain and time-domain signal data and I have to perform feature extraction.
    I am still trying to figure out the code apply to my dataset.

  • @ddorran
    @ddorran  11 лет назад

    Nothing on general feature extraction yet but "Matlab Signal Analysis - frame by frame analysis of a signal" might be of help if you are starting out. Also there's one called "Frequency Domain 1.3 - Demonstration - Application of frequency domain view " that shows how to extract frequency domain info that might be useful.

  • @mistbabe26
    @mistbabe26 11 лет назад +1

    Your amazing! Thank you, Continue to do the great work. You helped me a lot for my term project.

  • @ketakipatil7536
    @ketakipatil7536 10 лет назад

    Dear David Sir,
    Found it very helpful. Thank you so much

  • @ddorran
    @ddorran  12 лет назад

    you can download it from the web. Can't provide url's here but check out the firs 30 seconds or so of the video

  • @ClaudinneV
    @ClaudinneV 11 лет назад

    Thanks, very useful. I'm new in Matlab and this video is helping me a lot, I need to create a tachogram based on the ECG data,, I think I can do that, since with your code the prominant peak values have been obtained

  • @realcountry2054
    @realcountry2054 4 года назад

    2:02 is it time-variable data or spatial data?

  • @khurin3938
    @khurin3938 Год назад

    sir ,
    why double layer winding is used in electrical machine instead of single layer winding?

  • @Ikopif1
    @Ikopif1 10 лет назад

    Hi David. The code looks good. This will be very helful for my analyses. I appreciate your fast respone. Thank you very much!

  • @coddy57
    @coddy57 11 лет назад

    Perfect! It works fine. That's what I'm talking bout. Thanks a lot you Mr. Dorran :)

  • @oliviamccormick2064
    @oliviamccormick2064 9 лет назад

    Hi, great video but is the findpeaks function a good way to be able to find the peaks of the P and T wave? Obviously, I need to exclude the R wave but I have been playing around with the findpeaks command and just can't seem to figure it out. Any suggestions?

  • @sofidesima1359
    @sofidesima1359 5 лет назад

    Hi Davis, I need to know the cutoff frequency and the sampling frequency of the ECG signal, because I need to make a filter. thanks

  • @rrahimi918
    @rrahimi918 9 лет назад

    how can I store the picks in a function in order to get R to R distance of ecg signal?.Its possible to calculate the HR from R-R diffrence.thank you very much

  • @kwesi4812
    @kwesi4812 8 лет назад

    Please How do i use the loop function to get the change in Torque
    signal at angles 5°, 10° ,15° & 20° from an ankel dynamometer

  • @ddorran
    @ddorran  11 лет назад +1

    Its easy enough. Here's some code that plots the signal from a sound card in real time (with thanks to my colleague Richard Hayes!).
    Fs=11025;
    N=2048;t=(0:N-1)/Fs;
    while 1
    y = wavrecord(N,Fs,2);
    plot(y);
    axis( [0 N -1 1]);
    drawnow;
    end

  • @african_
    @african_ 2 года назад

    Hi Dorran, I am doing research on using remote photoplethysmography to detect 3D masks and prevent presentation attacks. I am wondering whether you have any tutorials regarding that topic. I am honestly struggling to find such tutorials showing the implementation of such models. There's one specific method for extracting signals from facial videos called CHROME but I can't find any video showing how such code is written and implemented so that I can find ways to improve after understanding it. Would you be kind to help me, please? Your videos show that you write such code flawlessly and it's easy to understand. Please help, Dorran. If you have a source you can point me to, I'll be very grateful. Thank you so much.

  • @joshuamichael6371
    @joshuamichael6371 2 года назад

    Thanks David. David can you tell me how to detect the QRS complex from the ECG wave? i.e. how do i extract the QRS from the PQRST Waveform?

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  2 года назад

      I'm not sure how it's done in practice. I'm sure there are numerous publications on how you might proceed. My own thoughts would be to identify the zero crossings each side of the dominant peak and then just extract fixed amount each side of the zero crossing as a percentage of the number of samples between those zero crossings. This would seem easy to code up but may not be suitable for the application you have in mind.

    • @dragonoidpop5
      @dragonoidpop5 2 года назад

      Hi Joshua, did you found the answer to your question? Actually im doing a proyect and I need that too, Ill appreaciate very much your help

  • @fuhbigbiufb
    @fuhbigbiufb 7 лет назад

    I got a signal .mat and I plotted that on matlab. I know to show de number of samples , but i don't know the sampling frequenci . did you know if is possible to know this with only de doc of de signal?

  • @khashablanca
    @khashablanca 8 лет назад

    Great video!
    i have a query that i was hoping you would be able to help me with, for my final year project i have been researching into calculating distance using sound on an iphone 6. I have been playing short frequency sweeps on one iphone and recording the data on another phone sitting on top of the other. What i'm planning to do is calculate the delay between the initial sound and the reflected sound and combining that with the speed of sound to give me the distance between a wall and the iphone. however i'm struggling to do so. I know you are a wizard on MatLab and was wondering if there was any techniques or methods to approach in calculating that time delay within MatLab or Audacity.

  • @deit1813
    @deit1813 12 лет назад

    Hi, if l want to store the values of k in an array how should i write? thanks

  • @hidourisami578
    @hidourisami578 4 года назад

    thank you ..! this tutorial has been very helpful.. but i work with polar team, so I only focus on heart rate variability (the RR intervals). Can you help me to have a code to process the HRV signal recorded with a polar team?

  • @cooldudeniks1
    @cooldudeniks1 9 лет назад +1

    Hey do u have PPG waveform as u had the ECG waveform and its values in txt format.?? I am working on the same thing but using PPG waveform..can u help me getting it..thank you

  • @evandovich
    @evandovich 7 лет назад

    Hi Guys, Is it possible to to plot the prominent peaks as graph. My system keeps running out of space when i try. Any solution of code given will be much appreciated. Cheers

  • @anilpandey3579
    @anilpandey3579 10 лет назад

    I liked this video. What if we just want the prominent peaks to be plotted/marked. What kind of modification in the code would be necessary in such a condition?

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад

      The following should work by highlighting prominent peaks with red circles.
      beat_count = 0;
      peak_indicator = ones(1, length(sig))*NaN;
      for k = 2 : length(sig)-1
      if(sig(k) > sig(k-1) & sig(k) > sig(k+1) & sig(k) > 1)
      %k
      peak_indicator(k) = sig(k);
      %disp('Prominant peak found');
      beat_count = beat_count + 1;
      end
      end
      plot(sig);
      hold on
      plot(peak_indicator,'ro');

  • @harfenafaren9679
    @harfenafaren9679 5 лет назад

    hi, can you tell me the name of this ECG ecg sample you took from physionet?

  • @ronitnath3786
    @ronitnath3786 8 лет назад

    Respected Sir...How to obtain the sample values from physionet.org. I have searched the physionet.org database and the signals are stored in .dat form. Could u please help me out in retrieving the sampling points in the signals?? I need it urgently for my final year project.

  • @alisahouskova
    @alisahouskova 11 лет назад

    I'd like to know, how to create noise, which can remind for example: pacient's moving, not correctly plugged electrodes etc. ... any ideas? Thx a lot.

  • @kellysheerin3530
    @kellysheerin3530 10 лет назад +1

    Hi David, Thanks a lot for posting this, it has been very useful for someone new to Matlab. I've adapted the code you've presented to help analyse my acceleration data. However, what I'm really after are the magnitudes of the peaks, which in your example would correspond to the magnitudes of your 'R' wave. Do you have anything that would be helpful for me in this regard? Thanks!

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад

      Do you just want to display the magnitude values associated with each peak? If so its just a case of replacing "beat_count = beat_count + 1" with "abs(sig(k))". Not sure if I understood the question fully.

    • @kellysheerin3530
      @kellysheerin3530 10 лет назад

      David Dorran That was exactly what I was after... Thanks!

  • @solomoon100
    @solomoon100 7 лет назад

    Hello David
    do you have video on system identification?

  • @gehadsamir5663
    @gehadsamir5663 3 года назад

    how exactly did you know the frequency of the sample??? (100 hz)?? I've searched for a long time and can't seem to find where exactly is that information about the sample

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  2 года назад +1

      That was provided with the data when I got it.

    • @gehadsamir5663
      @gehadsamir5663 2 года назад

      @@ddorran thank youuu

  • @LVK520
    @LVK520 5 лет назад

    Hi Mr, I would like to calculate the heart rate of the audio sound get from a microphone with a sample rate of 48000, is that code can work with? need your help and thank you.

  • @migly0105
    @migly0105 11 лет назад

    How can I store the i values that contain peaks?

  • @coddy57
    @coddy57 11 лет назад

    Hi,I designed a circuit with a stethoscope, the output of my circuit goes to the sound card of my PC, the matter is: is it possible to get that output signal (heartbeats) from stethoscope in real time using MATLAB? Is it difficult? I really appreciate your answer. Thank you!

  • @myonlineteaching3755
    @myonlineteaching3755 10 лет назад +1

    hi david.. glad to find your channel.. can u do a tutorial on various features that can be extracted in signal processing such as mfcc etc. thnks!

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад

      I'll put them on the "to do" list mimi - won't be any time soon though. The list is quite long.

    • @myonlineteaching3755
      @myonlineteaching3755 10 лет назад

      David Dorran very nice of sure.. sure.. illw wait. :)

  • @Ikopif1
    @Ikopif1 10 лет назад

    Hi David. I would like to know how to store all instant of times whre the prominent peaks happened. Could you explain me how to do that. Thanks for your video.

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад

      I've modified some code I posted before to include a new vector called peak_times which is updated every time a prominent peak is found. This should do the job.
      fs = 100;
      beat_count = 0;
      peak_indicator = ones(1, length(sig))*NaN;
      for k = 2 : length(sig)-1
      if(sig(k) > sig(k-1) & sig(k) > sig(k+1) & sig(k) > 1)
      %k
      peak_indicator(k) = sig(k);
      %disp('Prominant peak found');
      beat_count = beat_count + 1;
      peak_times(beat_count) = k/fs;
      end
      end
      plot(sig);
      hold on
      plot(peak_indicator,'ro');

  • @afandydwiahmad5482
    @afandydwiahmad5482 5 лет назад

    hello sir i interest about your explanation. can i detect pqrst signal

  • @tommy11492
    @tommy11492 10 лет назад

    hi david! i am working on datas that i' ve taken from physionet.org, that are ina a .dat extension. i can't load them on matlab, because they contain also notASCII-symbols. what can i do??

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад

      Check out physionet.org/tutorials/physiobank-text.shtml. This should be of help.

  • @parijatprakash
    @parijatprakash 10 лет назад

    Can this same code work on an EEG signal too ?

  • @Judiciary-100
    @Judiciary-100 5 лет назад

    sir can you show how empirical mode decomposition work using matlab code

  • @arisunny2489
    @arisunny2489 5 лет назад

    Hi i have questions and i have project about this How can i be in touch with you?

  • @ddorran
    @ddorran  11 лет назад

    That didn't format as intended. You'll probably have to put a newline after "while 1"

  • @hayatmoussaoui9923
    @hayatmoussaoui9923 8 лет назад

    Hi....I've a Matlab script about peaks detection , the problem that I can't understand how it works :( .
    can i show it to you ?

    • @chshaban4696
      @chshaban4696 7 лет назад

      @moussaoui hayat yes u can show

  • @jesalshah1309
    @jesalshah1309 11 лет назад

    thank you ..! this tutorial has been very helpful..!! though i wanted to know if you can segregate the qrs complex from any of the ecg waves using matlab..?? m
    and yes any ecg wave means it can also be from the subject having heart rate disorders.

  • @asifraj321
    @asifraj321 2 года назад

    Very useful and important tutorial. How can I reconstruct the signal for 100 bpm by using the Fourier series for the same volume flow rate?. Hope you reply soon. Thank you

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  Год назад

      I'm afraid I don't understand exactly what you mean. Can you clarify?

    • @asifraj321
      @asifraj321 Год назад

      @@ddorran Actually I have a velocity waveform corresponding to 75 bpm and with reference to it, I want to construct another waveform for a different heart beat like 100 bpm. Hope it clears now

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  Год назад

      @@asifraj321 Could you just resample it?

  • @toncanan
    @toncanan 10 лет назад

    I was wondering as to how you got the integer values for your ecg.txt

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад +1

      I downloaded the signal from physionet.org

    • @jawadghafoor5
      @jawadghafoor5 6 лет назад

      You can use different sensors to get digital values, like 'Ad8232' is a very good ECG sensor.

  • @dersstri
    @dersstri 11 лет назад

    Nice video. Any references you used for making this video would be appreciated

  • @ipeknurlu3849
    @ipeknurlu3849 7 лет назад

    which data did you use as raw ecg data from physio.net?

  • @hafizatulamirah5866
    @hafizatulamirah5866 8 лет назад

    do you know where i can get database .mat file for normal ecg signal?

  • @ddorran
    @ddorran  12 лет назад

    I have a video on reading an ECG signal (search reading ECG signal on my channel - links not allowed I'm afraid). From 2:30 to 6:00 is most relevant to this issue.

  • @mustafahashim1906
    @mustafahashim1906 12 лет назад

    it's really was very useful tutorial

  • @dindardosky6434
    @dindardosky6434 9 лет назад

    Thank you very for this valuable video, really I good much information from it.

  • @manyeaphooi5768
    @manyeaphooi5768 11 лет назад

    Dear David,
    Really is a nice video and I learn a lot from here.
    Thanks a lot. But I'm just curious can be the frequency sampling rate be changed? Or it must be fixed at 100Hz?
    Best Regards,
    Hooi Man Yeap

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  11 лет назад

      The ecg data was originally captured at this rate (100Hz). It could have been captured at a different rate.

    • @manyeaphooi5768
      @manyeaphooi5768 11 лет назад

      David Dorran Okay, get it... Thanks for your information. :D

  • @luizgabriel4110
    @luizgabriel4110 3 года назад +1

    lindão salvou o dia :)

  • @YahYaAlabrash98
    @YahYaAlabrash98 5 лет назад

    Amazing!!
    is there a method so that we can detect the Respiration Rate form the ECG Signal?

    • @sirranhaal3099
      @sirranhaal3099 5 лет назад

      ECGs carry no information about the respiratory rate.

  • @albertguimfack6360
    @albertguimfack6360 11 лет назад

    Thanks you very much for this video. Very attractive.

  • @danishbebal6708
    @danishbebal6708 6 лет назад

    I m not getting the value of k...will u plzz help me

  • @anuj.zest-AnujKhandelwal
    @anuj.zest-AnujKhandelwal 11 лет назад

    any help with "FEATURE EXTRACTION" ?

  • @ketakipatil7536
    @ketakipatil7536 10 лет назад

    dear david sir,
    Can I get help in calculating PR interval?

  • @hanenbenjomaa2544
    @hanenbenjomaa2544 7 лет назад

    can u help me getting it format.txt

  • @chikaokolo4929
    @chikaokolo4929 7 лет назад

    Excellent teacher

  • @krishnaneupane9354
    @krishnaneupane9354 11 лет назад

    sir please provide how to plot the HRV signals and how to bandpass the ECG signal using 50Hz bandwidth and also for MIT-BIH arrythmia database

  • @josephEgypt
    @josephEgypt 11 лет назад +1

    Thanks a lot for this video. I understood very well. Could you help me with ECG signal noise filtering using matlab.

    • @aramaeslam4966
      @aramaeslam4966 2 года назад

      Hello, did you get access to the signal filter?

  • @MrArammos
    @MrArammos 10 лет назад

    How can i convert and .dat file to run it on Matlab??

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад

      .dat files are not standardised and could relate to lots of different formats. See if you can open the file with a text editor to see how the data is structured. This might not be possible though.
      If the data is stored as a sequence of numerical values you load in the data using the load command.
      data = load('filename.dat');

  • @brashid421
    @brashid421 7 лет назад

    Hey,i would appreciate if u help me in making my project.i want to make a device that senses our heart beat .first it calculates the normal heart beat when it comes in touch with human body(even if the person wore a thick layer of clothes underneath) then when the heart rate is decreasing it will give an alarm.if the hear rate increase within 2 secs then the alarm will stop,if not then the volume of alarm increases.
    If u make a video on it ,plz do let me know
    about its
    -Components
    -Expenses
    -And if any coding needed
    If u wanna know about it in a more detailed way,then plz email me

  • @19va83
    @19va83 11 лет назад

    Thanks a million!! that was wonderful!

  • @toncanan
    @toncanan 10 лет назад

    are all or most peaks of the heart beat always greater than 1...?

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад +1

      only in this example. The amplitude values are dependent upon how the signal was initially captured and can vary significantly. Also, in practice there are other issues such as DC drift that can occur and do cause additional problems.

    • @toncanan
      @toncanan 10 лет назад

      David Dorran is there a possibe formula to determine that? since during the detection of dominant peaks, you compared 1 with every signal..

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад +1

      Anthonette Cantara you could try finding the maximum of the signal and compare against 0.8*max_val, for example. This wouldn't work if there was DC drift though but you could filter this effect out using a high pass filter or maybe just update the max_val every few cycles.

    • @toncanan
      @toncanan 10 лет назад

      is this method of calculation using rr interval?

    • @toncanan
      @toncanan 10 лет назад

      +David Dorran

  • @ocayaro
    @ocayaro 10 лет назад

    Great video. However it is "prominent", not "prominant". Also, ideally the average heart rate should be a running average, taken from the first two prominent peaks. That way two values are given, an instantaneous BPM and a running average BPM. For a critical care patient 1-minute makes the difference between life and death.

  • @ashidilkhan
    @ashidilkhan 11 лет назад

    very very nice explanation

  • @antoniodejesusramirezcruz4040
    @antoniodejesusramirezcruz4040 8 лет назад

    you helped me a lot
    thnk u

  • @shuangzhao5575
    @shuangzhao5575 11 лет назад

    Very helpful! Thanks a lot!

  • @ddorran
    @ddorran  11 лет назад

    noise = randn(1, 10000); %10000 samples of broadband random noise
    fs = 500;
    Fnyq = fs/2
    [b a] = butter(5, [45/Fnyq 55/Fnyq], 'bandpass');
    noise_band_50Hz = filter(b,a, noise);

  •  11 лет назад

    Good one. Thank you!

  • @ZainAbbas12
    @ZainAbbas12 10 лет назад

    I really like your videos, I am working on feature extraction of EEG signals...If possible can you do some signal processing such as Analog to digital conversion of EEG signals or some form EEG feature extraction using wavelet transform or autoregressive moving average method or some other. Actually i have difficulty modelling the parameters.

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  10 лет назад

      For analog to digital conversion all I have are videos on aliasing and quantisation issues. I don't have any expertise with EEG signal modelling but intend to do some videos of ARMA based modelling for speech when I get a chance. Best of luck.

    • @ZainAbbas12
      @ZainAbbas12 10 лет назад

      Okay thankyou david. I will check on aliasing and quantisation issues. And looking forward to ARMA example video

  • @sajpoe1235
    @sajpoe1235 7 лет назад

    i didnt understand what BPM is

  • @venugopal-gi9jt
    @venugopal-gi9jt 8 лет назад

    also any imported files in code
    please

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  8 лет назад

      +venu gopal I'm afraid I don't have the code saved anywhere. A link to the imported ecg signal is shown at the start of the video

  • @krishnaneupane9354
    @krishnaneupane9354 11 лет назад

    can you also provide me a some documents of your project, i'm also doing project on physionet MIT-BIH arrhythmia database

  • @otsilekgaladua5485
    @otsilekgaladua5485 8 лет назад

    thank you so much sir. one question: is the fs always = 100Hz for this particular signal regardless of the length(duration of the signal taken from this site www.physionet.org/cgi-bin/atm/ATM ?

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  8 лет назад +1

      +kutlo kgaladua ECG signals can be sampled at different rates. 100Hz and 128Hz appear to very common but higher sampling rates are also used.
      The sampling rate is is constant for each signal - it doesn't matter what the duration is the sampling rate remains the same.

  • @sayajujur2565
    @sayajujur2565 11 лет назад +1

    Dear David, I am wali, i am a PhD student in Malaysia.
    Thank you for this video. It is great to start ECG signal processing.
    I wonder , if you could share the codes in txt format ?!
    I want to modify it to R peak detection algorithm.
    My signals is corrupted. so before R peak detection, i want to add at least 3 filters. This will be based on your code.
    Kindly,
    Wali

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  11 лет назад

      I'm afraid I don't have that code any more but you should be able to get it from the video.

    • @sayajujur2565
      @sayajujur2565 11 лет назад

      thank you sir

    • @ibrahimfatnassi
      @ibrahimfatnassi 4 года назад

      @@sayajujur2565 Can you please send me your email id

  • @Tobchi2010
    @Tobchi2010 11 лет назад

    Very nice video. I give you an up thumb

  • @enngennng5633
    @enngennng5633 12 лет назад

    Hi! It is very good, I will give you 5 stars. Do you have data for PPG signal if so please send.

  • @alisahouskova
    @alisahouskova 11 лет назад

    Hey man, fuckin´ great! I love your channel. My bachelor thesis is about signal analysis (ICA over ECG).

  • @gayansanjeewa9123
    @gayansanjeewa9123 6 лет назад

    good job

  • @SudathPiyasena
    @SudathPiyasena 9 лет назад

    thank you very much

  • @Jaked_chan
    @Jaked_chan 3 года назад

    gracias pana

  • @wdyangcanjie123
    @wdyangcanjie123 10 лет назад

    thanks for sharing

  • @gukesu3864
    @gukesu3864 8 лет назад

    i did like you,but i got
    beat_count =
    10
    BPM =
    120

  • @mchandragaddam
    @mchandragaddam 11 лет назад

    very needy !!

  • @gayansanjeewa9123
    @gayansanjeewa9123 6 лет назад

    this verry nice

  • @dwadeLBJ2336
    @dwadeLBJ2336 7 лет назад

    York U 1011 students please stand up

  • @SuperMowZ
    @SuperMowZ 11 лет назад

    "findpeaks" is a bit easier :-P ....

  • @marcinwojciechowski4938
    @marcinwojciechowski4938 9 лет назад

    (y)

  • @JuanAntonio-ff4mg
    @JuanAntonio-ff4mg 11 лет назад

    porque diablos no hablan en español!!!!!.

    • @robosumo5670
      @robosumo5670 11 лет назад

      Níl a fhios agam!!!!

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  11 лет назад

      Níl a fhios agam!!!!

    • @JuanAntonio-ff4mg
      @JuanAntonio-ff4mg 11 лет назад

      " NIl a fhion agam",... No te entiendo compadre, hablame en cristiano xd

    • @ddorran
      @ddorran  11 лет назад +1

      porque diablos no habla irlandesa :)