Does India really need GM Mustard?
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- Опубликовано: 16 дек 2022
- On October 25, Deepak Pental’s application for environmental release of a transgenic mustard hybrid, which he developed in 2002, was approved by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
This means that the genetically modified (GM) mustard, named Dhara Mustard Hybrid (DMH-11), can be grown in open fields for trials, demonstrations and for seeds - before it is approved for commercial cultivation.
On October 31, Trilochan Mohapatra (president of NASS, and RS Paroda, chairperson of TASS) told the media that the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) would conduct the field trials in the next 10-15 days in Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh at 100 locations to verify the yield.
On November 2 a group of farmers, researchers and activists, assembled under the Coalition for a GM-Free India, and moved the Supreme Court after which ICAR decided to put the field trial on hold.
Why is the government pushing for GM Mustard?
Mustard contributes 40% of total edible oils production in India. By 2025-26 India will need 34 million tonnes of edible oils, which will put a significant pressure on the country’s foreign exchange reserves.
Today mustard is grown in 8 million hectares, with 1-1.3 tonnes yield per hectare. The government claims that transgenic seeds could potentially raise the yields to 3-3.5 tonnes per hectare while being resistant to pests that cause white rust.
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The DMH-11 plant is self-pollinating. This means that genetic manipulation prevents problems faced in cross breeding and directly changes the genetic makeup of a plant.
However, DMH-11 has been opposed by the Coalition for a GM-Free Indiabecause of the introduction of foreign genetic materials in the crop.
What is the issue with genetic modification?
According to Kavitha Kuruganti the government agencies have ignored the effect of GM mustard on honeybees and other pollinators and have bypassed bio-safety protocols.
Earlier, farmers used to rely on sunflower, cotton, sorghum (jowar), pearl millet (bajra), corn, sesame, pigeon pea (tur) and chana crops for rearing honeybees and used to harvest honey for eight months in a year.
Farmers claim that GM mustard will cause further drop in honey production. When Bt Cotton was introduced, during the initial years, honey was harvested twice in a season. Over the years, the flowers stopped yielding nectar.
Mustard honey crystallizes quickly and makes exporting to the US and EU feasible. But these countries also demand GM-free certification.
Almost half of the 150,000 tonnes of honey produced in India is exported under non-GMO verification programmes. The future of apiculture export will be threatened if GM mustard receives commercial approval, according to honey exporters.
What are scientists fearing?
Botanists say that pests and insects may grow resistant to the transgenic crop after a decade or so, triggering the need for newer versions of the seeds.
Additionally, honeybees could transfer the genes of GM mustard to other plants which may lead to horizontal and undesirable gene transfer among plants causing the growth of unwanted and invasive weeds.
Apart from White Rust, the mustard crop is also prone to other diseases. On October 31, the government claimed that GM mustard is not released as a herbicide tolerant crop. But the herbicide under question, glufosanite ammonium will be sprayed on the final hybrid seed formed .The difference between a transgenic or GM and a hybrid plant is that while the former contains external DNA the latter only contains DNA from both parents via fertilization. DMH-11 is a transgenic hybrid crop. When glufosanite ammonium is sprayed, if the progeny is GM and hybrid, it will survive. However, if the hybrid is not successfully formed, the seed will die due to the herbicides. Either way, this dangerous herbicide will enter the food system and its health impacts on human health and the natural ecosystem are not yet fully deciphered.
There are also no long-term studies in Indian context on the metabolic impact of barstar and barnase genes on the human and animal body.
Do we really need GM Mustard in India?
The yield of any crop depends on its genotype, environment and management, with the latter playing around 80 per cent of the role. According to ICAR, DMH-11 will have an average yield advantage of 28% over its parent, Varuna.
Comparing GM mustard with other high yielding varieties will reveal its poor performance.
In 2020, bio-safety research field trials of two transgenic varieties of indigenously developed Bt brinjal were allowed by 2023 in eight states. In September 2022, the government cleared a proposal to conduct confined field trials of herbicide-tolerant GM cotton and maize seeds at two agricultural sciences universities in Karnataka.
we are yet to see concrete measures taken to establish the long-term safety and profitability of transgenic varieties. 
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Lic and bank employees protested against computers and here we are.
Embrace the progress or perish
GM seeds can't be regrown after harvest,farmers will be forced to buys seeds at every harvest season and they would have no choice but to buy that GM seeds Even at high price
@@GhostRealm8 but you get raised yields low fertiliser and low pesticide use.
To combat any genetically modified food, India can abolish the concept of seed patents, where these seed companies had exclusive rights to sell a GM seed without competitors. If you take the patent away, you take away the entire economic model for these companies, and competitors can create generics. Basically modelling India's pharma industry.
Case will be filled in international courts, otherwise india has always protected it's markets, like in the case of medicine.
FYI the GM mustard is developed by a public university and not by private company
Yes Trem, if you do away with patents, competitors can compete and eliminate an incentive for anyone else to innovate. Do you believe that India has no need to innovate? I live in America, where something like 1% of the population grows food. We also have 4.3 times as much land as India, with 4.3 times fewer people. So Indian agriculture needs to be 18 times as efficient to give it the same food prosperity as the US. If you put a brake on innovation, you condemn your country to be perpetually poor.
You are also, at the same time, overestimating the advantage patents give to innovative companies companies in India. When the first GMO plant, BT cotton, was introduced to India, the seed company with the patent had to spend year after year proving the safety, and after successful data every year, the Indian government still asked for more and more tests, never allowing the company to sell a single seed. After more than ten years, a competitor stole some of the GMO cotton seeds and hybridized them with its own variety, and illegally sold them. The success of the competitor's seeds, in a year when cotton farmers were overwhelmed by pests, led to the revelation that the competitor without a patent was able to sell seeds that the innovative company obeying the law was forbidden to sell.
And after almost twenty more years, India has still not approved a single other new GMO seed type. The innovators of GMO brinjal never made a penny from their patent in India, while farmers in several other countries are legally planting the patented GMO brinjal and liking it.
Hi Trem my country Australia has the CSRIO it works to help improve production, please reach out to them Australia's climate is similar and we have been working with Indian farmers for a few decades now on higher yields
India doesn't need gm seeds instead needs increase in area under cultivation and good soil quality along with better management of the crop. The govt needs to educate the farmers and provide subsidy to ensure sustainability of natural farming. If we try to mess with the very genetics of the plant, we aren't heading to good direction and we are risking the future of upcoming generations
I am commercial mustard breeder and as far as i understand there is no need for this tech. as private companies has more potent technology... Secondly farmers should focus onfarm resources and minimise the input from the outside sources.. especially fertilizers.... And regarding subsidy gov. is already helping farmer by providing 2500₹ bag of urea in 270 ₹.. and thats needed in tonnes plus there is small incentive by PM kisaan yojana... As well as local polices for subsidy to promote farmers to invest and grow particular crop for diversification and mixed farming...
Fertilizers like urea are possibly more harmful than gm. S the present situation in Punjab where urea has created disastrous effects on soil, ecology and health.
Farmers have developed habit of getting subsidy and low interest loans (at the cost of tax payers) and then they want to preach ethics, environment protection etc. Farmers should use latest technology to become self reliant (rather than depending on subsidies, loan waivers etc)
Oh Andabhakt, please do some reading... Over 51 % geographical area under cultivation how much more do you want????
Some facts for you...
World Average --- 11%
China 12%
Usa 17%
Excellent video, great points. Highly impressed. Keep up the great work !
Highly Informative and covered comprehensively. Thank you DTE
In general, I feel that if yield reducing and yield limiting factors can be overcome by improved management and maybe even breeding methods, we should focus on that. Genetic modification has its role as a research method to enhance our understanding of underlying processes of plant growth, physiology and so on but beyond that it should be used judiciously. I realise however, that this isn't a fully formed scientifically rigorous opinion and is therefore unpopular (hence also open to discussion). And am I the only noticing that the paper at 5:26 talks about the degradability of the protein from GM maize in dairy cows (at least in the title) when the claim made is about BT-brinjal?
Anyway, I would personally push for more research and data collection on management strategies like crop rotations, integrated pest management and nutrient management measures to close the yield gap
Right after that is the ridiculous claim that the Bt toxin in Bt brinjal is toxic to all organisms. That's total nonsense. You could eat the Bt "toxin" by the kilograms and it would just be a nutritious protein, not toxic at all. Right after that in the video is the claim that Bt toxins have been found in pregnant mothers and in foetuses exposed to Bt foods. Right away my bullshit detector rings an alarm. Pregnant mothers and foetuses? Why not also in truck drivers and fighter pilots? We are supposed to react with alarm to anything that would harm foetuses and pregnant women. Actually, the quoted paper found short protein fragments of the Bt toxin, along with short protein fragments of every other protein they were exposed to. Short protein fragments are proteins nearly completely broken down to simple amino acids, fragments small enough to pass from the intestines into the blood stream. They aren't toxic.
This whole section of the video is completely unrelated to the mustard - just there to connect GM mustard to any other fear of GMO foods.
Maybe in the future we can use science to breed vegan only humans that are happy and docile eating pasture
In my state bees are only used at most 4 to 5 months they need to be healthy also to avoid mites
Indian Courts are not bothered and are also not aware of the impact of all on the human survival.
Don't go GM. It would suit the world economic forum if we were all more dependent on them for our own seed
Can't we use neem oil etc. as an alternative to pesticides?
The major seed/chemical industrial complex have done an excellent job at spreading misinformation about GMOS. They should be banned worldwide, Korean Natural Farming and Jadam methods should be incorporated, and pollinator inclusion should always be considered. The majority of improvements in agriculture have come from selective breeding and hybridization, not GMO.
This is very much relevant in indian context. As in today's time a farmer depending on only one production factor can be loss inducing. Crops along with bee keeping and or mixed cropping of all kinds is necessary. Hence the protection of the overall agricultural system is necessary.
thanks for your deatiled explanation
Thanks for the information. Explained to the point. Keep up the great work.
Good documentary 👏👏
Is it even possible to maintain purity of crops in a world that is increasingly witnessing food security issues? Elsewhere people are getting introduced to worms and crickets as a source of protein, with a futuristic view vis-a-vis rapidly changing earth, environment and climate. The government is taking the right measures to improve crop productivity and effective yield. You can't dismiss every potentially good thing because someone is instilling fear and doubt in gullible minds that are steeped in ignorance.
Long term impacts need to be studied...agreed. But we got to start somewhere right? And we can address the issue when there is an "alarming" situation. Today's food and foreign exchange problems must be addressed NOW. It is a fact that in India farmers protests are mostly politically motivated. We should brush them aside and strengthen our supply chains, on a continuous basis.
Its all about feeding the corporations. If they really cared about climate and environment, then they would increase public transport and not automobiles on the road. If they really cared about the environment they would bring change in the mindset of people by educating them on electronic waste and not influence them to adopt a use and throw culture. If the government truly cared about people they would not spend billions on building football fields but instead grow trees and solar powered fields world over in unused landfields. Until greed persists, and the scarcity mindset for more persists there is no end to destruction of Earth.
@@ashichavan "If they really cared about climate and environment, then they would increase public transport and not automobiles on the road" - Its one of the largest employer in India. You should go back 50 years and tell people what producing 5 kids will do to the future generation. Maybe you can do a better job than Indira Gandhi.
"If the government truly cared about people they would not spend billions on building football fields but instead grow trees and solar powered fields world over in unused landfields." - Those lands are unused because it can't sustain trees on a large scale. The population is still growing at almost 1% every year. Those people need work to survive. Planting trees won't provide them jobs.
Fixing the soil nutrition contents by natural methods and every problem would be fix.
Yes India needs GM mustard, because if the choice is between pest resistant mustard and ordinary breed mustard which requirs heavy pesticide use then GM mustard is better. i prefer organic food but organic mustard will not be sufficient to feed huge population, vast quantities of pesticides are needed which destroy ecosystems and beneficial insects and animals. India is experiencing biodiversity loss due to agricultural runoff which contains heavy pesticides which is necessary to produce the non pest resistant crops...
I think you never done mustard farming.... You don't know that 80% of farmers do not use any pesticides for mustard farming.... GM mustard technology own use the chemical for removing fertile plants... So non-Gm mustard is chemical free... And private companies has technology than GM mustard has.. which does not need spraying of specific chemical...
@@akashkhatri64 i think u didnot read the news, u dont know anything about GM mustard, nor have u ever done farming or know anything about crops or chemicals....the GM variety is developed by ICAR.. govt of India enterprise, where is private company coming here?...non gmo is chemical free?...what a joke....pesticides are widely used in every crops including mustard, just ask any farmer...or agricultural scientist....first know what the issue is... then comment...
Gand gm mustard are infamous for causing cancers
You don’t understand, gmo seeds are alien and are prone to pest and disease after initial bumper crop and eventually need all artificial toxic pesticides it then become vicious cycle.Ideginous seeds are more resilient
If private companies have better technology than GM mustard then why should people worry to approve gm mustard? Farmers will choose pvt company technology and not gm mustard.
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In the first place we need to understand why is the demand for cooking oil increasing so much. What are we doing with so much cooking oil? We should educate people to optimize the use of cooking oils for better health reasons.
secondly, more focus should be given on natural farming practices completely stopping the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. All these harm the environment and our health. Lets try to increase the yield by promoting better soil health, natural farming practices.
We need just to encourage just our farmer to yield home grown mustard and provide land and better management....,,free school 2 rs rice subsidy are helping lower strata to survive but impacting the farming occupation as no one wants to be a farmer any more they all want to earn by doing tertiary and secondary occupation but not farming....the free subsidies and free education to all has also negative perspectives as well on the occupation of farming in my area ....all what I observed I am not against subsidy or free education but people physcology runs a different way which impacted mustard millet ragi and other vegetation here in further run
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Why do people don't understand that every crop in nature is infact a genetically modified crop
In fact, every species are genetically modified
Not all new technologies are harmful. I think, GM technology in agriculture is similar to electric vehicles in automobiles. It does away (to much extent) the adverse affects of urea.
That's a good explanation and the best part was providing information on the best alternative available. I understand that government is trying to reduce the foreign exchange expense by introducing the GM seeds for more crop yields but if the GM seeds have that far worse effects then it is better to use hybrid seeds with more yields. We as a Indians have to start looking into economics now a days due to fall of Srilanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan due to foreign reserve drops and continuous outflows.
We don't know the long term effects because we aren't allowing field trials. This clearance was given for field trials but even that is being opposed. And the people opposing "poison" in our food are already consuming poison with other eatables like rice. That poison is sprayed on rice crops also to increase yield.
You should also add the point that currently imported oil from Malesia and other south eastern country is already GM, It is already in our food chain. US FDA does extensive research on these genes if there were any negative result they will just disapprove it. Our scientist has done a good job we should appreciate it.
US FDA is one of the most corrupt organizations in the world.Remember how they caused the opiod crisis in America.They never do any proper independent testing and rely on industries ghost written journals FDA and EPA are heavily lobbies by industires
I am in US people are suffering from allergy, autism and cancer they are now moving to non gmo crops like Europe and organic importing organic stuff from india and dumping cheap gmos to Indians happy suffering from cancer and allergies
@@devivinod If you are in the US, look at the SEER statistics on cancer. This is the best data set in the world. Look at the statistics for age-adjusted cancer, all types, from 1975 to 2018 (last year I can find). Cancer rates increased dramatically from 1975 to 1992. Beginning in 1993, cancer rates began to drop. They have dropped dramatically every year since then. But the entire time that GMO foods were in the US food supply began after 1992.
I'm sorry I don't know about autism and allergies with the same precision. But every GMO crop approved in the US (and in other countries) must first be proven to not cause allergies, and nobody has ever shown a case of an allergy cased by a transgenic food. As to autism, the only relationship ever shown is a graph showing the number of cases of autism, by year, compared with the number of pound of glyphosate by the same years. Now I could remind you that correlation does not imply causation, but I can do better than that. During the last thirty years, the collection of symptoms that are considered autism have been changed, so that people who were not considered to be autistic in 1995 would be considered autistic today. If you plot autism cases versus time after correcting for the change in definition, the curves are not similar at all.
US FDA is a joke, it takes money from companies and approved anything. Food in America is fucked up.
Please do not give unauthenticated statements. There is no research or study which proves that gm food led to cancer or any disease
Don't publish one side picture...also show what supporter of gm mustard say
Best channel in world for biodiversity lovers
Well let them do long term research on the effects of this mustard oil on the human body. The results will make it clear
It would have to be REALLY LONG TERM to find a problem that has not been detected after twenty years.
@@charlesmrader what twenty years any rat studies available for long term by using controlled group?.
@@anonkasper7937 Mr. Kasper, I'm not able to tell you what studies have been done. But I can tell you, if you don't already know it, that India has rejected just about every introduction of every GMO crop. The pattern began with GM, before the year 2000. GEAC required the developer to do test after test, year after year, without any test ever detecting a problem, more tests year after year, until finally an Indian seed company stole the seeds from the developer and sold them secretly and illegally. The next year, there was a bad infestation of pests and it was immediately evident that the GMO cotton in certain fields was resistant to the pests. When the government tried to destroy the illegal cotton crop, it pushed cotton farmers past the threshold of patience and the Indian government was forced to finally approve the crop variety. In almost twenty years since, not a single other genetically modified crop has been approved. Doesn't this make you wonder whether anything is wrong with the approval process?
fight against GM food.
If you listen very carefully to the video's reasons to fear GM mustard, there's nothing really there. Something is not a danger just because someone says it is a danger. A plant developed twenty years ago is very unlikely to be a threat to honey bees. Anyone can say that it "might be" a threat, ignoring the evidence that it is not a threat, which is one of the first and easiest things to certify.
A big deal was made about the "dangerous herbicide". The GMO mustard is herbicide tolerant. If India decides, for any reason, to prohibit herbicide use in some set of cases, there's no reason why a herbicide tolerant mustard would have to be exposed to the tolerated herbicide. The GMO herbicide happens to be herbicide tolerant, but it would still facilitate hybrid development without the use of a herbicide.
How come such a huge shift edible requirement in just 4 years ? From importing 13.35 MT last year to 34 MT 2025-26? Are you sure this is right ?
Yes, it is correct. The huge shift is because India already needs to import more edible oil than it does presently.
Also Ukraine war(where ukraine is one of major suppliers of sunflower oil) and Indonesian (palm)oil export ban are major supply chain hurdles may lead to more demand in INDIAN market
Ukraine war. When sunflower oil supply chain got disrupted, people shifted to other sources. The demand for imported oil will only grow with the increase in population and disposable income.
Nice explanation.
India 🇮🇳 let preserve indigenous products. Human are not only part of ecosystem. We must save other species too
its better to spend money to import than spending money in hospital
What we are importing is also GM crop..
Or we can change our habits and start using less mustard while including other variety of oils to even the pressure on crops and land.
Paani Foundation of Amir khan and kiran rao in Maharashtra conducting Farmers Cup
in this competition they are promoting group farming, they are giving training to farmers groups to go for organic farming using SOP's
instead of fertilisers and pesticides they are using indigenous methods and to everyone's surprise the yield is more than what they were getting earlier, also top labs like TUV Nord tested their produce and certified them chemical free....
Best way to stop this is to switch off globalisation from india. Many people ignore or dont know that India is a self sufficient country in all the aspects right from producing crops to arms & ammunition.
Globalisation is a cult which will ultimately lead to such inventions and force acceptance.
We support Bharat 🇮🇳
We support people over economy.
Gm food might monopolise the market ... slowly killing indendent farmers this is what happing in other countries
GM product has bad affect on human health too. That’s why non GMO products are expensive
Humans have been altering the genetics of plants for thousands of years through the slow process of cross-breeding between crops. Today, scientists can take a shortcut to modify plants by editing their DNA in a lab setting.
GMO crops are bred to grow efficiently - this means that farmers can produce the same amount of food using less land, less water, and fewer pesticides than conventional crops.
GMO crops can offer many advantages in costs and nutrition, but some experts worry that they carry health risks, as well. 2:29 [Insider com]
One question to farmers protesting gm technology. How much percentage of farmers in India DO NOT USE harmful chemicals, pesticides & fertilizers? Before protesting gm technology you should first stop using such harmful chemicals which are already destroying the ecology, the soil health and mainly the health if living organisms including us.
All the research are sponsored and have specific aims and objectives mainy business profitabilities only so bt/gm crops are also not exempted.so most benificial system would be to only limited percentage only needed to be permitted by govt system.
No, I don't think Indian continent need GM crops.
GM agriculture will destroy Indian agriculture.
I'm not sure who to trust anymore. The CSRIO was set up in Australia to improve farming practices. Everything is becoming high tech
GM will revolutionize Indian agriculture
Yes it is good to try out new things , trials will let us know results for these. India does need better yielding GM seeds , the world is already using them & reaping gains. Questioning is good but don't be a spoiler or naysayer.
No g.m please
First comment 😁
No needs, GM mustard seeds, Seed mafiya
No we don't want GM
Genetically modified crops are hugely important to Brazil's food system and its economy in general. Brazil is the second-largest producer of biotech crops in the world with 104 events approved and 53 million hectares planted in GM crops, primarily soybean, corn and cotton. 2:31 [Alliance for Science]
We don't want gm seeds
The dangers of GM crops stated in this propaganda video are about as accurate as the misspelling and wrong pronunciation of the of the herbicide Glufosinate Ammonium) (see 4:57 in the video). Americans, Canadians, Brazilians and Argentinians have been eating GM food for over two decades without any demonstrable adverse health effects. In fact, GM crops undergo much more extensive scrutiny to ensure health and environmental safety by the govt. regulators compared to the chemicals that people so readily accept and use. The question people should be asking is how is India going to feed 1.4 billion (and growing) population with little to no arable land left and serious effects of climate change already beginning to impact agriculture. No doubt plant breeding, hybrids, agronomic management practices and yes, judicious use of chemicals will help. But why should India reject the GM technology which is as revolutionary, impactful and based on the same basic principles as as the insulin used by the diabetics or the DNA/RNA-vaccines against Covid that are saving millions of lives. Moreover, genetic engineering methods continue to undergo improvements and now we have the means to minimize or even eliminate the use of transgenes and even modify a crop's native genes in a precise manner.
"Without any demonstrated side effects" where is your evidence for that.What scrutiny it has to undergo has any GM crop has been tested for consumer safety testing.You have to feed one group of rates the gm crop vs one group has to be fed normal crop called controlled group.Show me such long term studies that have been published for long term consumption.Plus what Wil be irs after affects on the environment long term on such a tightly coupled environment like our ecosystem?We don't have any science behind this except for the blanket statement it has been tested.
A big and misleading part of this video is about the danger to honeybees. I'd like to explain why this is so misleading.
First, the supposed danger is that the honeybees, if feeding on mustard plant pollen, won't find any pollen from the GMO mustard plants.
That's half true, but irrelevant. Why is it half true? Because the purpose of GMO mustard is to facilitate hybridization, which is the process of crossing two different pure lines of mustard to produce hybrid seed. One of these two pure lines will not produce pollen, and when that pure line is fertilized with pollen from the other pure line, the resulting seed on the pollen-free pure line must be exclusively the desired hybrid seed which is desired. It follows that half of the GMO mustard used for hybridization will produce ordinary pollen.
Why is it irrelevant? Because of all the hybrid seed of a particular hybrid variety, only a few plants are grown for the hybrid seed. The individual pollen-free parent produces around 10,000 hybrid seeds per plant. So, about 0.01% of the mustard plants will be pollen free.
One has to wonder whether the maker of this "documentary" knew and understood this?
GM mustard में उद्पादन अधिक नहीं आ रहा , और यह सेल्फ पॉलिनेट हैं हमारी मधुमक्खी मर जायेगी , आगे कॉटन के GM होने से नुकसान हो रहा है
Bhai often cross pollinated hai mustard....
GM mustard ka field trial bhi hua hai.. tumhe kaise pata utpadan jyada nahin ho raha hai?
Very pessimistic view, India needs high productivity, with due caution ofc, Indians not want to go a hard way for better future, and if govt and Resercher are doing their part, same old thing gather a crowd of stakeholders to protest and when a good effort is thwarted , dissipate like whiff and head back to old( not very old jst GR ways) exploitating ways
GM crops in itself are not a problem. Farmers have always been traditionally crossbreeding crops. The problem lies when these crops require much higher inputs increasing costs for farmers. And also its effect on other living beings and on the total agricultural process. Plus the different kind of eco labels demanded by the western countries puts additional pressure on the farmers.
Aren't you digressing from topic?
@@ankurtripathi903going against nature is not about working hard, it is foolishness... We are already seeing the results of the so called Green revolution that happened in 1960s... Yield is not everything... Sustainable agriculture is the way to go
No govt or researchers have helped farmers... They have only filled their pockets and helped agro industries to grow in the name of the farmer and their graves.
@ankur tripathi It will be a disaster.GM seeds are useless,they have no nutrients plus all the royalty goes to Europe.We need to do what we were doing for thousands of years.