What Caused the First Crusade?
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- Опубликовано: 30 сен 2024
- Why did Medieval Christian knights at the end of the 11th century march some 2,500 miles from France (and elsewhere in the Latin West) to Jerusalem and how were they able to conquer and create viable states in the Middle East? John Hamer of Toronto Centre place will look at the historical context of the First Crusade and its logistics and consider how Christian religious practices including the Peace of God, Truce of God, and pilgrimage resulted in indiscriminate massacres. How did the First Crusade succeed and why did the Crusades ultimately fail?
Join the livestream to participate in the discussion and to ask questions to our lecturer during the Q&A:
Other topics covered in this lecture include:
What is a Crusade?
Historical Context of the Crusades
Religious Pilgrimage
Medieval History
Just War
Theology of War
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Finding this channel is the best thing happened in 2023
This channel is an unwelcome intrusion on my feed.
Best bible explanations I've heard
The Coptic tradition is that nestorianism was the influence of islam. Mohammed’s uncle was Nestorian Priest.
Maybe it's development for sure but was not 😢 Nestorius living several centuries before Mohamed?
@@nickstone3113 not sure why it wouldn’t be? Nestorian Christians were living in this area (actually some until today). There is a famous monk mentioned in Islamic text that was known to be Nestorian.
I am always happy when I see this drop on a Tuesday evening ❤ thank you John and team
Iran has never fought against Christians/Jews, but always against the Ottomans in cooperation with the West - even today as their puppet(like IS)
Thank you for another fabulous lecture 🙂
Fascinating stuff. Would love to hear more on the Muslim conquest. I’ve noticed that can often be minimized in discussions of the crusades.
Check out Robert Spencer of Jihad Watch. He has the real story.
He was banned for being an Islamaphobe. Zionist propaganda. @@carolgebert7833
That's because the crusades weren't religious wars. They were an attempt on colonization of the Levant because Europe and the church were in a deep feud overpopulation crysis.
The absolute best lectures on RUclips.
This one is no doubt good, but Manly P. Hall is good as well..
Love your videos.
Hoping you will answer the following:
Why don't the gospels reflect more of Pauline Christianity?
I understand that the teaching of Jesus in the Gospels is different from the teaching of paul.
Might this difference have been even more pronounced had the gospels been written in the fifties?
By the time the gospels were written it seems that pauline christianity was very strong
Therefore it seems the gospels would reflect more of paul's understanding of Jesus.
We must learn the lessons of the past to have a better future.
Lesson #1 RELIGION is the OPIATE 💀
@@voltaire3001 what light do you think that quote frames the masses in? What are the implications?
@@Time_Is_Left
Religion keeps us chained to a bloody past - filled with vengeance, retribution and talk of glory - in the name of sky spooks
@@Time_Is_LeftIt's best to ignore people who are only commenting to cause arguments 💜🙏
And now again, as it was during the Roman empire, simple carbohydrates and sports are the opiate of the masses. @@voltaire3001
I so appreciate the focus on history without any desire to drag present-day politics into it or frame certain aspects of it in a modern context. Some of the questions at the end kind of went in that direction but they were all answered expertly and respectfully with a focus on the history and contexts of the time.
Sounds like you don't want to admit to present day life and its implications for the future.
But he does--toward the end--refer to modern day Judea, Samaria and Gaza as "Palestine", a politically loaded inherently anti-Jewish term.
I was born in the old city of Sidon, Lebanon where I spent my youth. Sidon has two crusaders' castles, one on the hill where the city starts (called the upper gate), and one in the sea, called the sea castle. There is also a huge crusader building know as Khan al Efreng. It looked to me like a barrack for an army. Also, there is a monastery that was left behind by the crusaders which still housed nuns and monks when I was living there. My house was about 200 yards from the sea castle and about 1000 yards from the land castle. When we were kids, we used to swim off the sea castle and play in the land castle which can be described as only stupid. I am surprised that none of us died. All these places are open for tourists. There is also a Phoenician temple and about 55 years ago, before my family emigrated, they discovered a huge cemetery in some caves (called the caves of Tabloon) where they found many mummies and sarcophagi that they attributed to the Egyptian domination and influence. Your presentation brought back memories. One thing that you didn't mention that when the crusaders entered Jerusalem, they asked the pope, what do we do with these Christian looking Arabs and he replied. kill them all the lord knows his own. I saw a program on PBS about the crusades and they mentioned that. Anyway, I really find your lectures to be interesting. I had to study the history of the crusades when I was growing up and I almost flunked.
to ask the Pope what to do would have taken several months for a reply. They didn't ask the Pope. Everything happened in the heat of the moment, when they surprisingly breached the city walls after weeks of siege and fierce battles.
P.S.: and yes, the city population would have had the chance to rebel against their Muslim overlords during the siege, but they didn't. And newer research has shown that about 3.000 people were killed during the capture of Jerusale 1099, not 30.000 ... about the same number as a year before, when it was sieged and conquered by the Fatimides in 1098.
If this was any longer then you could call it 'From antiquity to the middle ages in real time'.😉 (Just joking, I love the long ones! 🤗🙏 )
The kingdom of Heaven lays within you. You don’t need to go to a hotspot in the middle east God is with you right now. People fight to restore some dream that dream is just a fantasy. If you listen to the words of Jesus, you’ll know that the kingdom of heaven lies within you.
Exactly
48:49 having the rock where Abraham almost sacrificed his son and the rock where God sacrificed his son in the same city;
Interesting doubling again between OT and NT.
What’s the origin of sacrifice in other religions? Heck: what’s the theological reading of sacrifice in the Abrahamic religions?
Isn’t it extremely archaic to think that the Gods must be placated? What if we don’t do it? What if we don’t pay our dues?
Sure: Jordan Peterson would give a fine psychological reading of why we have to sacrifice and pay our dues.
But what’s the original idea? That Winter won’t end? That the seeds won’t grow? The animals won’t reproduce properly? That people fall ill and die - which they do anyway?
People probably didn’t expect the Heavens to fall on their head - that seemed more like an Asterix trope. When was the last time that happened? (- Younger Dryas: I‘m teasing myself…)
If we could make deals with fate, would it still be fate? What kind of God is that, if he lets himself be bribed and flattered? On the other hand: if God is created in the image of man, he might react to bribery and flattery; less obviously so if it was the other way round, I would assume…
Edit: I guess the main thing is, that we sacrifice now for something in the future. Earning virtual points „in heaven“ (Karma), as there is no immediate return of investment, trying to bring about a better future. (Watch Joscha Bach on Faith, Hope, Love)
Theologically speaking: Christs sacrifice brought Salvation, as it healed Original Sin. Conclusion: we are trying to get back into Paradise.
My catastrophist reading: The lost Paradise / lost Golden Age is the original trauma. Losing it felt like punishment, thus again we await judgement day.
(What is original sin and sinning against the Holy Spirit? Wanting to be like God. - What does that mean? What the heck did we do the last time around, that we ended on this conclusion? - This is like some bad Mafia film: We had to die, because we knew too much (= ate from the tree of knowledge)? But the Tower of Babel failed and was abandoned before it reached the Heaven; it’s not like we made it, and then it got struck down. - Riddles. Riddles and silly conclusions. Isn’t it the other way round? We have to die, because we don’t know enough: If we had the key to all of biology, we could maybe attain a very much longer lifespan, lengthening our telomeres whatever. On the other hand: maybe knowing everything includes knowing why dying is a healthy concept, and we have chosen to die. Maybe we realized the fast changing climate and ecology, anticipated the loss of knowledge and designed our offspring with shorter lifespans for faster genetic adaptation via shorter generations…)
"Judaism, Christianity, and Islam being rooted in first Temple Hebrew religion": can John please do a talk exploring the work of Margaret Barker and Temple theology
I constantly hear about 1st and 2nd temple Judaism. So I'm curious are we in 3rd temple after 3rd temple or nothing of the sort at all
Nothing of the sort. "1st and 2nd temple" are referring to the temple complex's in Jerusalem they have yet to build a third.
1st temple destroyed by Babylon 586 BC
2nd temple Roman's 70 AD
We're in the post-2nd temple Judaism because the temple wasn't rebuilt again.
Looking forward to the AMA on 01-30.
Getting my questions into so logical order.
Will there be pre-broadcast time opened
for the questions?
Had the opportunity to participate in an archaeological dig in Madaba. I’ve seen that mosaic map before. It’s really cool.
So great to watch ! Clear and simple but so well rounded and unbiased.
It's truly rewarding to receive such positive feedback!
From now on I’m explaining the Truce of God as trying not to massacre civilians too much
1:27:29 Urban II and the „Two Swords“
1:29:20 Urban II speech at Clermont
1:48:21 timeline of coastal Palestine
(after Rome became Christian)
2:34:19 The Knights-Templars question (Banking)
2:38:15 Crusades lead to Pogroms
Iran has never fought against Christians/Jews, but always against the Ottomans in cooperation with the West - even today as their puppet(like IS)
Great lecture as always but Coptic isn't semitic!
Great video John. It's interesting hearing how the catholic church developed into a political force, I would love to see a full episode about that.
Then it was infiltrated and subverted by a particular sect of a particular ethnicity that believed their messianic figure came in 1666 (Sabbatei Sebi/Sevi) called Sabbatian Frankists first infiltrating the Knights Templar, the Jesuits, and the Free Masons who created the Illuminati.
These were the Conversos that were forced to convert to Catholicism in Spain and Islam in the Ottoman Empire.
Not all, but that’s what eventually caused The French Revolution.
It’s something that isn’t taught, but it is historically accurate.
thank you
Professor Hamer, wonderful presentation leading up and surrounding the historical facts pressing upon the First Crusade. You even interwove the very strategic stop of Muslim expansion into Gaul by Charles Martel, the hammer of the the Muslims. And the resurgence of the popes beginning with Gregory. And the new adventurism of the Normans in Sicily. Wonderful tapestry interwoven pattern of historical facts ( even alluding to the invention of a powerful plough introduced in northern Europe) .
I would like to see /hear a lecture on the rise of the Jewish state tucked away in Southern France , Northern Spain under fuedal patronage. That is a humble request.
Thank you
Jeffrey E Elliott
SLC branch of Mormon Restorationism
thats fine & dandy, but Islam was not created until 600A.D & Muhammad died around 632A.D. During the time of Jesus & long after Jerusalem was a part of “THE Roman Empire” not by force, by Tax & protection. The jews had ability to travel & live all over Rome, Rome was much more civilized & annexed other lands & kingdoms into their own without battle, but negotiations.
I'm watching June 11, 24. I've been watching your lectures for quite awhile but just noticed I'd never gotten around to subscribing. Fixed that
Missed the start of the lecture, but the questionare was a ton of fun!
1:50:16 Q&A begins
@@Cericle Thanks so much!
The problem is Their was no JeruShallam or Yeru Salum from those of us who were YIsraelites only a City that was known to the world as Utah, Also known as the Navel or Portal of the World. Ayo Hawwah Great Spirit Bless.
Thanks!
Thanks!
Thanks!
Thanks!
Thanks!
Thanks!
When you're talking about the pope's two swords, do you mean his keys?
Fascinating lecture.
Thank you for your feedback!
Thank you for your excellent work, im so fortunate to have found this "place"..
As someone who claims to be a time traveler, I am very grateful he didn't mention the incident with the Salamis.
Yeah. I like salami on rye too.
Pi 3.14 π was first recorded by Moses in the Exodus Tabernacle blueprints near 1400 BC not 250 BC by Archimedes. 330-15-1=314
Calculation based on the description of the Tabernacle's curtains in Exodus 26:8-9, 12-13 with vs13 being the lynchpin. Here's a breakdown:
Total Length of the Curtains: The Tabernacle had 11 curtains, each 30 cubits long. So, all the curtains together were 11 x 30 = 330 cubits long.
Folding One Curtain: One of these 11 curtains was to be folded in half. When you fold a curtain that is 30 cubits long in half, it becomes 15 cubits long.
Adjusting the Total Length: After folding one curtain in half, the total length of all curtains would be 330 cubits (from all 11 curtains) minus 15 cubits (from the folded curtain). So, the adjusted length is 330 - 15 = 315 cubits.
Extra Length at Both Ends: The same folded curtain is supposed to have half a cubit of material hanging off at both ends of the Tabernacle. Since there are two ends, that adds up to 2 x 0.5 = 1 cubit.
Final Calculation: To find the final length, subtract this extra 1 cubit from the adjusted length of 315 cubits. This gives 315 - 1 = 314 cubits.
This was discovered by a Christian engineer from Wisconsin in 2015. Geometry π people will see this as dome shaped. However Josephus the Historian describes the traditional rectangle shaped Tabernacle. 2 different shapes.
or
(C-curtain L-length) 11Cx30L= 330CL, 1Cx30L= 30CL÷2= 15CL-330CL= 315CL, 315CL-.5CL-.5CL= 314CL Exodus 26:8-9, 12-13
or
330-15-1=314
Exodus 26:13 makes Pi 3.14
Great 👍
Excellently, and well done lecture. I approve, and I appreciate it. This was interesting. Much gratitude.
Richard of wessex c.e. 720 looked swarthy ...
Tolstoy' old men story is a good pilgrimage tale..
I enjoyed this lecture enormously!!! Well done .
Glad you enjoyed it!
Hi. The lectures page is nearly unusable on mobile.
RUclips premium takes complaints. These fellows can't do anything about website design compatability for mobile devices.
@@Cericle I meant their own page that John mentions at the beginning.
Working fine for me 🤷🏼♀️
Thank you!
Fascinating dueling delusions. It is just remarkable that the clash of the religions continues.
Just casually listening and heard operationivy85. That’s rad.
"Wrest that land from the wicked race" - "Drang nach Osten".
What Caused the First Crusade? Catholics
He remind me of the divorced dad's trading card game guy
What are thegenetics of the jewish people?
👍👍👍👍
The civilizing effect of religion.
Nice talk. Btw - you might be interested to learn that Muhammad is mythical and there never was an Islamic conquest. Instead, Heraclius paid Arabs to rebel in Sassanid territory. Romans never recovered the southern territory except for Alexandria. Those rebels were Nestorian Christians and messianic Jews who converted to Christianity. Muhammad was invented 200 years later by the Abbasids. Before then the word MHMD was a Nabotean word meaning the angel of Jesus, the messenger of god. As opposed to “Isa” which is Jesus the man. This means Charles Martel fought Nestorian Christians, not Muslims.
It's inaccurate to say they hadn't encountered heavy cavalry in the middle east, cataphracts were a thing and the Byzantines used them a lot, they just weren't as common or used the way Western Europeans used them. Also there are many haredi Jews who specifically take the position that the true reestablishment of Israel will only happen with the return of the Messiah, including some in modern Israel.
from what I have gathered Constantine never converted to the "false egyptian version" of CHRISTIANITY (REAL CHRISTIANITY IS ALEXANDRIAN CAESARIAN PAGAN SOL INVICTUS CHRISTIANITY) and he was ALWAYS a follower of ROMAN SOL INVICTUS (THE TRUE CHRIST).
putin when he gets asked a question:
He's adorable
you know
Exceellent thorough work. I am ex comparative relgiions student. My elective in BA Fine Arts. 1980s. Thanks for digesting it all for us.
NB Also see the cartoon version if short of time.
Group hysteria is a recurrent human problem, especially re western ambitiion to occupy that region populatred places they covet, to make Kingdoms and Empires out of.
. Thus, Jerusalem is a recurrent masacre site.
Tragic fact: war is primitive human sacrifice modality, essily imposed on the unsuspecting good majority, by a sub set of "us" , who lead peoole, gua indoctribation and fear into primtive viollence.
?. Are the perpetrators gentically flawed twisted sociopaths or are they opportunistically groomed to be so by draconian type/elite monsters who groom them to act that way.?
Toxic, ingrained ignorance, I think.
And, modern psychology has demonstrated that approx 10% of those westerners (?) tested, will kill people by painful, toturing increments, if ordered to within a divided society by such people who have seized power/ government/'contriol' , who engineer atrocities to suit the rich, mad and paranoid power hungry types. Davros types included
Nope
Corrigenda: 1. There have been many miracles associated with the True Cross, starting with testing to see which of the three crosses would raise someone from the dead upon touching a dead body. Two didn't, the thieves' crosses. And one did - Christ's cross. 2. The pieces of the cross, totalled up, have been found to match, very closely, the expected amount of material one would expect for a cross.
35:51 having enough splinters of the „true cross“ to build Noah’s Ark
As a fan of modern catastrophism and all the current „end of the world“ and „lost civilization“ memes / myths / traditions, I find this not only funny, but also quite fitting. In my current personal belief system (which is not religious in the traditional sense), all the death and resurrection memes / legends / myths all over the world are about the (near) death and resurrection of the human civilization as a whole in the end anyway.
I was raised as a Lutheran: in the catechism (where Luther explains the sacraments) there was an explanation of Baptism as „drowning the old Adam“ (taken from Paul iirc), and thus theologically equating the Flood with the Baptism is nothing new, wether the stories in the New Testament were constructed as echoes of the Old Testament is a different question, but they certainly can be read adjacent to each other.
Growing up, I found the rituals in my own church to be impoverished compared to Catholicism: Catholics got to draw an ashen cross on their forehead on Ash Wednesday; and on any other day on entering their church they wetted their finger with Holy Water and made a cross each time. Come New Years Catholics marked the doors of their houses with CMB: Christ protect this household - which always reminded me of how the Israelites in Egypt marked the pillar of their door, so their First-Borns would not be killed by the Angel of god during Exodus.
I love all the symbolic doublings: the 40 days and nights it rains to cause the flood, the 40 years Israel is in the desert, the 40h Christ is in the grave, before the stone gets rolled away - and now we get 40 days of Lent between Ash-Wednesday and Easter to remember it all.
It all makes perfect sense to me now as a Catastrophist with an interest in symbolism. I think that the whole sacrifice of the first born is remembering the lost / first civilization. And in a way Christ himself becomes the first born sacrifice / Lamb of God, as well as the risen one: the story of human civilization was not over.
Coming back to the symbolical crosses on our forehead of Ash and Water - the Greeks believed the world to be cyclically destroyed by water and fire (Kataklysmos / Ekpyrosis): Are we marked for destruction, or to be spared, like Cain? Well: some will survive to tell the story the next time around: there’s always survivors bias.
I think it is also no coincidence, that the bookends of the Bible are Eden (= the golden age) with its fiery sword, and the Apocalypse with its destruction of the current world age and the dawn of a new Heaven and a new Earth.
Sure: Christians don’t believe in cycles, they believe in a linear history, and Christ being Alpha and Omega (- if Christ equates humanity, of course the story starts and ends with him / us, because we are the only species able to tell stories that are longer than an individual life); but to me it at least looks a bit like a spiral: from fiery end to fiery end, with a flood in between (and a symbolically replayed / retold story of baptism and resurrection in the character of Jesus as a stand-in for human civilization itself.)
For the calm age between the Earth catastrophes, the symbols and teachings of our myths and religions have additional useful layers, teaching us about the seasons: the coming of spring after winter; and all the teachings about how to live a life well lived, the ethics of family life, how to love and help each other, how to preserve cohesion and knowledge and civilization itself in the face of decay and death on a more mundane short term level. - I should be interested in that as well. But I am not. I’m drawn to all the „end of the world“ stuff, because I believe it was conserved for a reason: it already happened (at least once) and it might happen again.
P.S.: I totally forgot my favorite part: INRI = Igne Natura Renovatur Integra (= in fire gets the world renewed) as the hidden meaning of INRI, instead of the openly known meaning Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews)
To quote Battlestar Galactica „All of this has happened before, and it will happen again. So say we all.“
Concerning INRI: the authors of the NT were using Greek to write it, so it makes no sense that they would use a Latin riddle. On the other hand: it all happened in the Roman Empire, and the original abbreviation is Latin as well. Added bells and whistles to stories survive as Memes whenever they seem to make sense. Holy rituals and symbols tend to survive and get possibly reinterpreted each time they are passed on anyways.
Btw.: I find it interesting that the Roman City had a road going from South to North with a Pillar at the top. How in my interpretations the Pillar is a symbol for the Axis of the Earth, and all relates to theories of Earth Crust Displacement / Flipping of the Earth causing the Cataclysm is another part of ultimately the same story. 😂
Don’t get me wrong: I also love when Jordan Peterson talks about the psychological meanings of religious myths: there’s things to be said about the necessity to sacrifice in one’s life, about burning away the old, about Phoenix being reborn from its own ashes, about transforming one owns life. - And I surely would have to do a lot more of these kind of readings, and would profit from it in my own life, but that seems work to me, while all the global more literal / past and future projected earthly readings come easy to me and want out.
1:07:35 MAP IS FALSE THERE WAS NEVER kINGDOM OF cROATIA
Ancient astronaut theorists believe...
👽
History made by criminals 😂😅
A belief in fairy tales.
That's a point of view certainly.
Muslim aggression. The end.
This is not history.
I am not sure that given whats going on in the world at the moment that you are qualified to lend your Ultra left wing version of events to something that happened a 1000 years ago.
As a scholar & presumably an experienced lecturer & public speaker, I wish you would practice speaking fluidly without so many annoying errs & hums
1:23:25