Dutch has the exact same remnants: was (sing, short vowel), waren (plural, with long vowel). The Valkyrie example is reflected in “keur” (choice, in some old fashioned expressions, while the more common worg is now “keuze”, BTW, but a keur is a (chosen) law in the Middle Ages, e.g. and keurtroepen are “elite troops”, and a “wealth” of choice in bread e.g. is sometimes called “een keur aan brood” e.g. Also alternation in verliezen/ verloren (lose/lost, really forlorn, etymogically), vriezen/ gevroren (freeze, frozen). Other examples exist. So I wouldn’t say English is the only larger West Germanic language that has kept relics of it.
i moved one year ago to Norway, and i am still striving with the language, but i think that your videos will be 100 times more clear to me once i master bokmål. and i am seriously thinking about downloading ALL of them, just in case youtube servers get bombed....
I hope that you will speak about the mediopassive voice. It's literally the only thing I don't quite understand about Old Norse verbs. Like, what's the difference between the mediopassive voice and the passive voice? Please go into detail if you plan to address this topic. I need that knowledge for conlanging. ;D
Here is an example from modern Danish: "Kaninen" means "The rabbit". "Kaninen spiser" means "The rabbit eats". "Kaninen spises" means "The rabbit is eaten". The latter construction is is not very common in modern Danish, but you can use it as part of a recipe to tell that a cooked rabbit should be served in a special way. Here is another example. "Vi ser" means "We see", but "Vi ses" means "See you later" in modern Danish. I guess that "Vi ses" originally meant something like "we will be seen (by eachother)" or "we will see eachother", but I am not fully sure.
Funny how the archaic form 'vesa' lines up perfectly with Dutch 'wezen'. I feel as though my language is quite conservative. 'Ek vas' sounds almost identical to Dutch 'ik was'. And Dutch also has Verners law if I understand your explanation correctly. Ik was, zij waren. I was, they were.
Doesn't Dutch still retain a trace of Verner's law? To say "I was" is "Ik was", but "we were" is "Wij waren". What about the verb "vriezen - to freeze" which changes to "vroor, vrooren" in the past tense? Is that an example of Verner's law or some other sound change? Other than that keep up the good work!
Pretty sure that these are examples of Verner's Law. Nice that Dutch still retains them. In German, we have assimilated "ich war, wir waren" and "frieren, fror, gefroren" but there is still the noun "Frost" which is related to "frieren", so we retain a very tiny trace of Verner's Law there.
An a less obvious one in Dutch : kiezen has regularized "koos, gekozen" but an archaic reflection of -r- still exists as "uitverkoren" chosen, selected. Another one reflection is "verliezen" (to loose" that has past tense/participle "verloren", where the r has been made consistent throughout the entire past tense, but not the present tense, as in "vriezen". Compare German verlieren~verlor~verloren .
@@asjenmensink2740 English also has "To lose" and "Forlorn" which come from the same root, but unlike Dutch "forlorn" isn't a past tense of lose even though in Old English "to lose - forleosan" had the past participle "forloren". On a different note, Afrikaans is a bit strange with which form of the Dutch word it uses. "Vries = Vriezen", "Kies = Kiezen", but "Verloor = Verliezen". It seems like Afrikaans took the past tense and made it as an infinitive.
Yes, it’s a classic case where Dutch is actually more conservative in its form than German (which levelled the forms). West Frisian (Frysk) has wie/wiene, from older wier/wierne, the Terschelling dialect still has “waas” in the singular past.
Good video. But I still don't understand the difference between the "archaïc form" and the classic form of the verb. May somebody explain me, vær så snill ?
In modern Norwegian/Danish, all forms of the verb are merged into third person: "er" and "var". So... jeg er/var, du er/var, han/hun er/var, de er/var etc. Very simple, but maybe also a bit boring in relation to old norse :)
@@anotherelvis Many are "bilingual" (Bokmål and Nynorsk are both Norwegian, but the differences are, for example, greater than between Bokmål and Danish). They may come from an area where Nynorsk is dominant, but have, for example, later moved to the capital Oslo (where Bokmål is dominant). The areas where Nynorsk is dominant are also areas with relatively few people and therefore Bokmål dominates to that extent in relation to Nynorsk. Aprox 7-8% of the population today use Nynorsk on a daily basis, while the rest are Sami, Kven, Polish, Pakistani etc. The main categories when it comes to dialects in Norway are normally divided into Bokmål and Nynorsk where trøndersk and nordnorsk are also considered Bokmål (respectively the dialects around the city of Trondheim and the rest of the country north of the city). Nynorsk is primarily dominant in the western areas of Norway. An important point regarding the limited prevalence of Nynorsk is that the local dialect in Bergen (which is the largest city in western Norway and the second largest city in Norway) has significantly more similarities with Bokmål than Nynorsk (although it also has clear and distinct elements of Nynorsk). Another important point is that Nynorsk is a constructed language. The dialect is based on a number of smaller local dialects in western Norway and the mountainous areas towards eastern Norway. The purpose was to preserve local dialects that had greater similarities with Old Norse than the dialects in eastern Norway that were strongly influenced by Danish (as a result of the union with Denmark from 1380 to 1814). In this context, there is no doubt that it was the local Møre dialects (centered in the county of Møre og Romsdal) that left the greatest mark on Nynorsk. The architect behind the project was Ivar Åsen (1813-1896), a linguist from Møre og Romsdal. Few therefore actually speak purely Nynorsk, but use their own local dialect combined with official Nynorsk spelling.
As a Dutch person with English and some German knowledge, I probably have an easier time learning Old Norse than you... As Dutch is very conservative and thus many of these old forms remain in one way or the other.
@@faramund9865 It may be easier for you than for me who comes from Oslo (where Bokmål is the dominant dialect and as we know Bokmål is quite similar to Danish). I know that quite a few Germans are interested in the Icelandic language and the reason is probably the similarities between the languages when it comes to, among other things, cases.
Zero thumbs down. Exactly as it should be.
Dutch has the exact same remnants: was (sing, short vowel), waren (plural, with long vowel). The Valkyrie example is reflected in “keur” (choice, in some old fashioned expressions, while the more common worg is now “keuze”, BTW, but a keur is a (chosen) law in the Middle Ages, e.g. and keurtroepen are “elite troops”, and a “wealth” of choice in bread e.g. is sometimes called “een keur aan brood” e.g. Also alternation in verliezen/ verloren (lose/lost, really forlorn, etymogically), vriezen/ gevroren (freeze, frozen). Other examples exist. So I wouldn’t say English is the only larger West Germanic language that has kept relics of it.
i moved one year ago to Norway, and i am still striving with the language, but i think that your videos will be 100 times more clear to me once i master bokmål.
and i am seriously thinking about downloading ALL of them, just in case youtube servers get bombed....
I hope that you will speak about the mediopassive voice. It's literally the only thing I don't quite understand about Old Norse verbs. Like, what's the difference between the mediopassive voice and the passive voice? Please go into detail if you plan to address this topic. I need that knowledge for conlanging. ;D
Here is an example from modern Danish: "Kaninen" means "The rabbit". "Kaninen spiser" means "The rabbit eats". "Kaninen spises" means "The rabbit is eaten". The latter construction is is not very common in modern Danish, but you can use it as part of a recipe to tell that a cooked rabbit should be served in a special way.
Here is another example. "Vi ser" means "We see", but "Vi ses" means "See you later" in modern Danish. I guess that "Vi ses" originally meant something like "we will be seen (by eachother)" or "we will see eachother", but I am not fully sure.
Funny how the archaic form 'vesa' lines up perfectly with Dutch 'wezen'. I feel as though my language is quite conservative.
'Ek vas' sounds almost identical to Dutch 'ik was'.
And Dutch also has Verners law if I understand your explanation correctly.
Ik was, zij waren.
I was, they were.
I'm loving the fade ins.
7:03 standard dutch still has was and waren
Doesn't Dutch still retain a trace of Verner's law? To say "I was" is "Ik was", but "we were" is "Wij waren". What about the verb "vriezen - to freeze" which changes to "vroor, vrooren" in the past tense? Is that an example of Verner's law or some other sound change? Other than that keep up the good work!
Pretty sure that these are examples of Verner's Law. Nice that Dutch still retains them. In German, we have assimilated "ich war, wir waren" and "frieren, fror, gefroren" but there is still the noun "Frost" which is related to "frieren", so we retain a very tiny trace of Verner's Law there.
Low Saxon too. "Ik was" - "wy waeren" or "vrezen" - "vroaren" and also both variants of to choose, "kesen" and "köären".
An a less obvious one in Dutch : kiezen has regularized "koos, gekozen" but an archaic reflection of -r- still exists as "uitverkoren" chosen, selected.
Another one reflection is "verliezen" (to loose" that has past tense/participle "verloren", where the r has been made consistent throughout the entire past tense, but not the present tense, as in "vriezen". Compare German verlieren~verlor~verloren .
@@asjenmensink2740 English also has "To lose" and "Forlorn" which come from the same root, but unlike Dutch "forlorn" isn't a past tense of lose even though in Old English "to lose - forleosan" had the past participle "forloren". On a different note, Afrikaans is a bit strange with which form of the Dutch word it uses. "Vries = Vriezen", "Kies = Kiezen", but "Verloor = Verliezen". It seems like Afrikaans took the past tense and made it as an infinitive.
Yes, it’s a classic case where Dutch is actually more conservative in its form than German (which levelled the forms). West Frisian (Frysk) has wie/wiene, from older wier/wierne, the Terschelling dialect still has “waas” in the singular past.
A lot of languages have no or, conversely, several. Putonghua has several, for example - and it is among the most spoken of languages
duude, that stetson wasnt cheap
Vera like Swedish Vara
Good video. But I still don't understand the difference between the "archaïc form" and the classic form of the verb. May somebody explain me, vær så snill ?
I tried looking for "fǿrir" in the various dictionaries and on Google, but I couldn't find anything.
Ek em and þú ert look like old English ic eom and þū eart (there is a lot of word in old norse that looks like old English)
what is the meaning of "hin" in Old Norse ?
In modern Norwegian/Danish, all forms of the verb are merged into third person: "er" and "var". So... jeg er/var, du er/var, han/hun er/var, de er/var etc. Very simple, but maybe also a bit boring in relation to old norse :)
@@Erik-zd2oi Yes, which is used by about 90% of the population in Norway.
@@Hvitserk67 Does the remaining 10% actually speak nynorsk, or do they speak the local dialect of the part of Norway where they happen to live?
@@anotherelvis Many are "bilingual" (Bokmål and Nynorsk are both Norwegian, but the differences are, for example, greater than between Bokmål and Danish). They may come from an area where Nynorsk is dominant, but have, for example, later moved to the capital Oslo (where Bokmål is dominant). The areas where Nynorsk is dominant are also areas with relatively few people and therefore Bokmål dominates to that extent in relation to Nynorsk. Aprox 7-8% of the population today use Nynorsk on a daily basis, while the rest are Sami, Kven, Polish, Pakistani etc. The main categories when it comes to dialects in Norway are normally divided into Bokmål and Nynorsk where trøndersk and nordnorsk are also considered Bokmål (respectively the dialects around the city of Trondheim and the rest of the country north of the city). Nynorsk is primarily dominant in the western areas of Norway. An important point regarding the limited prevalence of Nynorsk is that the local dialect in Bergen (which is the largest city in western Norway and the second largest city in Norway) has significantly more similarities with Bokmål than Nynorsk (although it also has clear and distinct elements of Nynorsk). Another important point is that Nynorsk is a constructed language. The dialect is based on a number of smaller local dialects in western Norway and the mountainous areas towards eastern Norway. The purpose was to preserve local dialects that had greater similarities with Old Norse than the dialects in eastern Norway that were strongly influenced by Danish (as a result of the union with Denmark from 1380 to 1814). In this context, there is no doubt that it was the local Møre dialects (centered in the county of Møre og Romsdal) that left the greatest mark on Nynorsk. The architect behind the project was Ivar Åsen (1813-1896), a linguist from Møre og Romsdal. Few therefore actually speak purely Nynorsk, but use their own local dialect combined with official Nynorsk spelling.
As a Dutch person with English and some German knowledge, I probably have an easier time learning Old Norse than you... As Dutch is very conservative and thus many of these old forms remain in one way or the other.
@@faramund9865 It may be easier for you than for me who comes from Oslo (where Bokmål is the dominant dialect and as we know Bokmål is quite similar to Danish). I know that quite a few Germans are interested in the Icelandic language and the reason is probably the similarities between the languages when it comes to, among other things, cases.
How come the "á" is pronounced differently from time to time? Sometimes like a long "a" and sometimes like a Swedish "å"?