Inventing Chemical Warfare What is Nerve Gas Anyway, and Who Invented it
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- Опубликовано: 26 сен 2024
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Sources:
Pruszewicz, Marek, How Deadly Was the Poison Gas of WWI? BBC News, January 30, 2015, www.bbc.com/ne...
Bryden, John, Deadly Allies: Canada’s Secret War 1937-47, McLelland & Stewart, 1989
A Short History of the Development of Nerve Gases, Noblis, web.archive.or...
VX Nerve Agent: the Chemical That May Have Killed Kim Jong-nam, BBC News, February 24, 2017, www.bbc.com/ne...
Last VX Nerve Agent Eliminated From Army Stockpile, CMA Public Affairs, January 6, 2009, www.army.mil/a...
1988: Thousands Die in Halabja Gas Attack, BBC News, March 16, 2005, news.bbc.co.uk/...
Barnett, Antony, Final Agony of RAF Volunteer Killed by Sarin - in Britain, September 28, 2003, www.theguardia...
Sanders-Zakre, Alicia, Russia Destroys Last Chemical Weapons, Arms Control Association, November 2017, www.armscontro...
Hay, Alastair, Nerve Agent: Who Controls the World’s Most Toxic Chemicals? BBC News, March 20, 2018, www.bbc.com/ne...
Foster, Laura, Navalny ‘Poisoned’: What Are Novichok Agents and What do They Do? BBC News, September 2, 2020, www.bbc.com/ne...
Everts, Sarah, The Nazi Origins of Deadly Nerve Gases, Chemical and Engineering News, October 17, 2016, cen.acs.org/ar...
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I keep getting closer and closer to each post.....im getting closer
I always thought my brother did.
He had the most foul, sinus burning gas ever leaked upon humanity!
He would crop dust the unsuspecting and laugh insanely!!!
😁💨💨💨🥵🤢🤮🤮🥵🤢🤮🤮!!!
Just what I needed on Christmas Eve. Thanks Simon
remember, kids on the naughty list get their houses shelled with Tabun
My thoughts exactly.
Ew Christmas
This isn't even one of Simon's darker channels rofl
The past is the worst, come live in the future! Its Christmas day in Australia!
Humans: "we've discovered something terrible that can kill and injure hundreds of thousands"
Also humans: "let's make it worse"
Also humans: this is horrible, let's not make it worse.
To be fair, it was nuclear weapons that ended ww2 and created peace throughout the cold war by mutually assured destruction.
Chemical weapons are the worst thing though.
@@fredtaylor9792
Also humans: We’ll use it on our enemies. That will never go bad.
Ah yes, Christmas Eve, the best time to learn about nerve agents
It's a reminder, peace on earth, goodwill toward men. >.< Humans need to care about each other, because the Universe at large does not.
While nowhere near as deadly as VX, VR is a pretty potent nerve agent: Visiting Relatives.
I don't think the team are Christians. Lol. They don't believe in Christmas.
Naomi, if you lived in Afghanistan and it was Christmas Eve 1979 😉, it'd of been the perfect time to learn about them!
I've been overwhelmed by chlorine just from opening a bucket of pool chlorine tablets and not airing it out before taking a breath. I cannot even imagine what those soldiers must have felt at massive times what I experienced.
If you want to find out, for science or something, pour a gallon of ammonia onto those tablets.
@@booradley6832 Just tidy-up your life insurance details first. :)
Same, I was in first or second grade. I was helping my grandfather with the pool opened the bucket with my head directly over it. Faint ly heard my grandfather yelled no to me but it dropped me. Lol first time I had ever been knocked out. Lmao 🤣
I messed up bad one time using pesticides. The room wasn’t ventilated well. I began coughing so hard I couldn’t catch my breath. It was hell for a good 15 minutes. I was exhausted and in shock by the end of it. I can’t imagine dying like that. 😢
That's how the insects we poison die.
I get bouts of this every now and then after having covid, though I'm so glad I didn't get symptoms as bad as my mum's cousin who needs a portable oxygen tank at all times now.
You don't realise how important your lungs are till they start acting up...
I was trained in the military as a chemical and biological weapons expert. This is a very good and accurate telling. In our training we watched a lot of horrifying videos on the effects of these weapons. It is quite literally the thing nightmares are made of. When I was stationed in South Korea we were told that Kim Jong Il had 6,000 tons of chemical warheads. That was in 2002. I have heard rumors that his son has raised that number to almost 20,000 tons. Easy to make, fairly easy to deploy and terrifyingly powerful. I hate these things.
That video of Chemical Ali's attack on the Kurdish ppl & the Syrian videos are nightmarish. Hell, even the animal testing videos are god awful. I can't even imagine seeing some of the classified videos you may have been exposed to in training.
I worked in a level 4 trauma unit of an Emergency Dept in the DC area & we were setup to be one of several primary units to take in casualties if a Chem/Bio/Nuc attack were to occur. We trained w/ help from Ft Detrick military & also govt officials running regular drills while I was there. I just pray we never see a mass casualty event like we prepped & trained for.
I agree, weaponized chem & bio agents are truly the stuff of nightmares
What's your opinion of the recent whistleblowers from the OPCW over the use chemical agents in Syria? They condemned the conclusions of the OPCW that Syria used the agents claimed
Ah the Kims, those little rascals.
Powerful but not as reliable as a bomb.
Which we should be thankful.
Unless the 20.000 tons that you heard are like Shadam's chemicals. You know, the ones that USA used as an excuse to bomb and take over Iraq and then never found evidence of?
One of my family members was a test subject for nerve agents. His stories are terrifying
Sounds like they need to make a you tube channel
@@captainhakob814 I dunno, I think if you talked about that stuff too publicly you'd end up """""comitting suicide"""""
@@HeretixAevum suicide by two gunshot wounds to the back of the head?
Sure he was
@@LegendLength you are naive
When I was in the army, a set of three atropine shots were the norm. We were instructed that after you use one, it was to clipped to the MOPP gear at the chest so that medics would know how many had been used. I never had much faith in it.
My great great grandfather (he was an Irish canadian) was mustard gassed during ww1 while serving in his majesty's canadian armed forces. He survived was hospitalized, recovered, and went on to compleat his service. He survived the war and returned home. Thanks for your service Grampa we will always Remember.
This sure is a perfect topic to get into the holiday spirit!
Yeah totally im thinking to have some nerve gas with my duck and while i was buying it i got curios to who made it
Yes, I was thinking the same thing.
Simon, what were you thinking?!
Technically speaking, it is more accurate to describe them as Nerve Agents as the majority are liquids in their natural state.
Tabun, Sarin and Soman (the G series) are volatile, non-persistent liquids, meaning they vaporise easily at ambient temperatures, becoming gaseous.
VG (aka ICI's pesticide Amiton), VE, VM, VR, and VX (the V series) are non-volatile, persistent liquids that remain in their liquid state and do not readily vaporise at ambient temperatures. The V series are mostly a contact hazard, but can also be an aerosol hazard (i.e. droplets suspended in air).
The A or N series (the Newcomers or Novichoks), which include A320, A232, A234, and some others, are mostly liquids (although some later variants are allegedly solids that have to be ground into a very fine powder). A234, in particular is a non-volatile liquid that is mostly a contact or aerosol hazard, as it a persistent liquid (like VX) that does not vaporise at ambient temperatures and remains a liquid. A234 was the Chemical Warfare Agent deployed in the attempted assassination of Sergei Skripal.
There are also some Carbamates, which are classified as Schedule 1 Nerve Agents, as they also disrupt acetlcholineesterase. I believe these came out of research in the USA, but were not deemed to be militarily as effective as VX.
Despite claims to the contrary, it is unconfirmed whether A234 is actually more toxic than VX, because the Russians never produced VX itself but a very close isomer of VX that was not as stable as VX in long-term storage.
Regardless, VX remains super-toxic in very small droplets.
ALL Nerve Agents are lethal military grade toxicants, regardless whether they are Crude (impure) or Purified. Iraq mostly used impure Tabun in its chemical weapons attacks during the 1980s. The fact it was impure did not effect its ability to inflict mass casualties.
However, if a Nerve Agent is purified to more than 95% purity, it lasts longer in long term storage. Impure Nerve Agents degrade more rapidly than purified ones.
Tabun was invented as an insecticide by Dr Schrader of I G Farben, until Dr Schrader realised just how lethal it is to humans.
Ditto, VG (Amiton) was also invented by ICI as an industrial insecticide, until they realised just how lethal it is to humans. VG was experimented with by scientists at Porton Down, who would eventually synthesize VX based on the original VG insecticide.
A massive homer Simpson neeeeeeeerrrrrrrrdddddd! (Just a joke I appreciate you know your stuff)
@@leemichael2154 Beat me to it. Lol
You just wrote an entire thesis on a single mistake in the script! Props, im impressed. But no way am I gonna read it. Still, good job
Macabre though this subject is, thank you fact boi for a Christmas Eve upload. This was a few minutes I gave myself to relax during a busy day.
Nerve gas is very relaxing indeed
Everyone else: merry Christmas!
Simon: merry nerve gas!
Well. I know I AM having some nerve gas tomorrow morning after all the xmas food I'm gonna eat tonight ^^
😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂 😂
Videos like this should be part of every Jr High student's history class. Quick, to the point, and packed with information. Well done.
That isn't a bad idea.
I'm watching this while eating deviled eggs. The chemical warfare is about to commence.
Deviled eggs and potato salad needs tons of mustard.
@@deathisonlythebeginning5098 well played, sir. Lol
Thanks for this holiday post! Disturbing yes, but still appreciated!!
Happy Holidays!
Still today, in the US Army, we are trained and evaluated on chemical warfare and atropine style first aid
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year, Simon, from the West Coast of Canada.
Your beard is looking stunning my man!! Happy holidays!
Needs trim.
It's weird to find out that epi-pens stem from DEADLY NEURO TOXINS
How? They are pure adrenaline
@@lemr88 (re)watch the video
@@lemr88 12:37
Right? Warfare often results in amazing inventions that are used for far better and more peaceful purposes later. Inspiration is a strange thing.
@@kareningram6093 thank you!
Hitler lived through a mustard gas attack during ww1 and refused to use chemical weapons firing ww2 because of the agony of those attacks
What a humanitarian
@@iteerrex8166 yeah I'm not saying he was. I just find it interesting he thought that chemical weapons were wrong when he used zyklon b to try to wipe out APN entire population
@@lemr88 I didn’t say you did.
Hitler also mistakenly believed that the allies had them also (they didn't) and would out-produce Germany
I was stationed at Redstone Arsenal, AL in the 70's. They had fields of underground bunkers (where cattle were allowed to graze)
and an entire mountain blocked off from any recreational use because a tornado had destroyed the records building and no one
was sure which poison gas was stored where. Yay, us!
“This video is sponsored by Brilliant, if you really want to learn something you have to do it”
Me watching a video on nerve agents: Ummm
Cheers. Thank you as always.
Terrifying topic. Doing this to other human beings is inexcusable. Absolutely inexcusable. Doesn't matter who did what, where or why. Producing this, using this - is one of the worst crimes against humanity. Period. Considering that here in my home country Germany, million citizens have been killed in factory-style mass executions with chemical gas still sends chills down my spine. What can people do to other people?
Silly as it may be, The Rock is still one of my favorite popcorn action movies.
Great video 👍
Merry Christmas Simon
MERRY CHRISTMAS Josh! 😻
Better living, and killing, through chemistry! And, BTW, the second "c" in cyclosarin is pronounced with the "k" sound.
You mean The voiceless velar plosive
Designed to kill insects, it's a insecticide. So nerve agents are humancides? And on that jolly thought, Happy(?) Holidays?
Stylish assassination. That would get you bonus points in hitman for sure.
When I said "please pass the mustard", I didn't mean this irritating stuff.
-Sausage dealer
Hey you go Simon! Always enjoy your content man!! Happy Holidays!!🎄🎄🎇🎆
I love me some Simon documentaries and truths. After the casual Criminalist binge Ive been on, I didn’t think I could take Simon seriously again but yes I can. My hero
that was some powerful emotion in your voice at the end there.
Made my morning, remembering Swann cells but had forgotten about the synapses in detail. Thanks
I know it;s a bit late, but any chance you could do a quick video of the ‘Christmas Miracle’ during WWI, where both sides stopped fighting and actually had one day of peace?
Loo never mind, i saw you already did!
May we never have “psychopaths” in positions of power, for they’ll do unspeakable things, even to their own.
We had one in Trump. May he never get near the White House again.
We currently have one in the Whitehouse. He's called Brandon.
I heard of scientific research on the psychology of politicians. Turned out that politicians are slighty more psychopathic than the ordinary citizen...
Yeah, well there's the problem. It seems psychopaths are the only ones capable of getting into power.
I refer to the Vietnam war.
This isn't the best birthday gift I've ever got. Thanks Simon.
also the preferred weapon in the Mobile Suit Gundam series, just pump the thing into the oxygen supply system of a space colony and the job is done.
ask my 1st Gulf War veteran all about Sarin nerve agent. He has had a 24/7 migraine since … permanent nerve end damage. VA pays 100% for PTSD. Nothing for nerve gas damage.
That's pretty fucked up. Bloody va
Something that bears mentioning was that the military 'volunteers' weren't always made aware of what the tests would entail or what was being administered. Horrific stories of men thinking they were contributing to the development of a medicine against the common cold, being splashed by a few droplets of some unknown substance, and ending up squirming on the floor in uncontrollable convulsions and excruciating pain abound.
I've watched so much Brain Blaze at this point I'm no longer used to Fact Boi being serious
I love how hos personality is seeping into this channel from all his other ones
Someone really loves the holidays.
Nerve has
Marshal islands
Social experiment gone wrong.
Don't kill your family today Simon.
Comercial ends at 1:16
Valium is rarely used today to stop seizures as there are now more efficient drugs. I remember Valium being used in the mid-“80’s so I don’t know when things changed.
I bet Callum is on a watchlist for his work researching for this video...
They used to store a ton of VX just up the road from me in Newport, IN. Pretty much guaranteeing that it is on a Russia nuclear strike list. And since Terre Haute down the highway produced and stores a boatload of ammo, and Indianapolis is a super weak chain in the military since apparently all money for military pay flows through Indy at some point. I'm so fucked lol.
Have you done one on the Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal, India and its lasting effects?
Yeah, we were trained to inject Atropine and another I can't remember into the thigh, then attach the injectors to the uniform/MOPP suit. We were told to inject no more than 3 of the pairs.
Read the label on a can of Raid, it's VX.
it is nothing of the sort, chemically or functionally
I'm so glad somebody explained why re-injections are necessary for nerve agent antidotes. In basic training, it was just "If they keep shaking, hit them again."
Merry Christmas to you too, Simon...
Jesus.
I absolutely love all the rock references! Thank you for this great video.
Wow Simon, what a subject for Christmas Eve!
On the 24th day of Christmas Simon gave to me... Chemical warfare history
Small correction: you said at ~6:40 it causes "dilation of the pupils", the nerve agent *constricts* them not dilates them. The antidote causes dilation. You had it right in the intro to this video.
"frightening symptoms including dilation
06:40
of the pupils and shortness of breath"
As someone who tears down nightshade from my parents trees every year, don't mess around with nightshades.
Also, did nerve agents help use find antidepressants?
I eat lot of tomatoes 🍅 tbf 😬
Watching this video just a month after finishing the CNS block in med school 😂
The V series was persistent and more like Mustard gas - but deadlier. If you put the V series into an area it was denied to the enemy but to you as well for a very long period.
The G series was very short-acting so put into an area they would kill people at once, but after a few hours or a day, the attacker could move through the area safely.
Merry Christmas TIFO family
And so timely I might add. Scary Christmas!
whatever the German name of that first nerve gas is supposed to be (TEBEN???? I could not identify it although I am a German native speaker), that supposed word for sure isn´t German for "taboo", because the German word for Taboo is Tabu (pronounced the same as the English).
And as Simon is notorious for butchering German words to the point they cannot be identified even by native speakers, I suggest two solutions: either spend another two minutes on researching pronunciation, or do an insert of the word in writing.
Er meinte wohl Tabun - welches Schrader tatsächlich von Tabu ableitete (das Mittel war tabu für die landwirtschaftliche Verwendung)
First the numbers, now Nova 6
Simon has been working on his German pronunciation. It’s notably better now than in his earlier videos. 😄
Our atropine injectors have a second side... it injects 2 pam chloride (Pralidoxime) that counters the atropine
One more feather in your cap with this.
At this point more feather than cap lol
The Rock is still a classic and a juggernaut of American culture!
This one really cheered me up, thanks Simon!
I'm just glad Canada didn't respond by inventing ketchup gas. We wouldn't even be sorry..
They disposed them into oceans...👀
my eyes are burning just thinking about this stuff.
Read about the idea of sticky sarin where the Germans would hosed down the D- Day supply dumps with it . Would have taken weeks to decontaminate the stuff slowing up the evasion for who knows how long .
Please do an episode on other dangerous chemicals. Especially FOOF.
keep that beard growing!!
13:25 This is unfounded. no one died in Israel from atropine poisoning during the 1991 gulf war! True some have injected themselves when they shouldn't have, but they only had some temporary side effects, and they were fine the next day.
Florida Man and the Jersey Devil both have something in common now.
8:12 nice cut there…wonder how many times it took to get their name pronunciations right!!!
Fun fact: Tabu might look pretty different to taboo, the pronounciation is very close to being the same though. So it's neither tay nor ben but simply Taboon how you pronounce Tabun.
I was wondering which German word for taboo he was referring to. Thank you for clarifying :D
Merry Christmas team ❤
hidden cameras behind the screen and in the bezel
Ah yes. Happy Christmas, Simon. You gave us the gift of a gnawing fear in the back of our minds. The best gift of all
Information like this is one of the primary reasons that I am convinced that humans are eventually doomed. Lots of people with great intentions, trying to counter our inherently destructive nature, but I firmly believe that none of that will make a difference in the end.
Well we are animals. Territorial, tribalistic and violent. Most people ignore or forget about our innate animal instincts.
Of course, SImon Whistler is the Simon mentioned in the kids game Simon says.
You hit them with atropine until the stop showing symptoms but after two we have to keep an idea of how many they have been hit with
Fun fact! After extensive testing the US Army decided the most effective way to counteract Nerve Agent poisoning is with a dose of Atropine, delivered simultaneously with a dose of Pralidoxime, followed by an injection of Diazepam. These are called the ATNAA and CANA shots, and as Simon mentioned they all come in handy autoinjectors you can just stick in your thigh. The Atropine helps to bind to the loose nerve agent so that it can't further effect your body more than it already is. The Pralidoxime acts as a 'super water', which binds to the free side of the AChE before making it detach, so that your nervous system can properly resume the preproduction of new, healthy AChE (Minus the Acetic acid and water, which can lead to dehydration.). And the Diazepam helps fend off any seizures, muscle spasms, panic attacks, and can help keep you awake long enough to get out of the contaminated area. However such a large and sudden dose of Diazepam can lead to short-term memory loss, and so it is necessary to bend the needles of any autoinjections you give yourself and hook them somewhere visible on your clothing, because you may not remember giving yourself the shots later and if someone else gives you further doses it will likely be fatal.
(Yes I know these are all super oversimplified to what really takes place, but this is the easiest way I've found to teach it in my classes!)
Horse: No, no I don't like this. Nay, Take...I don't know what to do, take it off....Ooof, I guess I'll lie down...
best ad ever before video: DM experience smell
I think Simon works 3 days a week - 1 for meetings, 1 for shooting, 1 for reviewing.
Nitpick: Italy used mustard gas while they were INVADING Ethiopia. Does it make it better or worse? Not sure, but they didn't need to gas rebels. They had other horrors for them (many Libyans still hate Italy for a reason).
Please cover the psychedelic "BZ" gas. I know a lot about it, however i wish more people knew about this neat substance. By far the scariest non lethal nerve gas I've ever studied.
Simon Whistler or MR Ballen- only one way to find out. FIIIIGGGHHTTTT!
"It's indefensible that you would use such a horrific weapon against us... It's only fair if we get to do the same!!!"
Yes, I think it's called mutual destruction.
Excellent pronunciations of the acetylcholinesterase and related words. Your pronunciations are not always the best on tough words, but this was great.
And yet, you can easily clear a room with a good (or bad, depending on whether you're the reciever or transmitter) fart... :P
"This chemical is so dangerous and deadly it's absolutely no safe way to contain it and if you even look at it you will die in an absolutely horrible way."
"Oh, nice -let's manufacture a couple of tons of it and stockpile it -it can be useful someday -you never know."
Topic suggestion: the time a tree almost caused a war. Operation Paul bunion.
Atropine in Jimsonweed hmm? Gotta remember that if there's ever a chemical attack or spill in my neighborhood. Pretty sure there's a huge clump of dead jimsonweed with it's fruits about two blocks up the street in front of the hardware store. got to double check my field guide.
Edit: no it wasn't. Jimsonweed is a member of the Datura family, gorgeous flowers, spiky fruits, about knee high, and it's a potent hallucinogen. XD >.< the funny thing is I've seen this plant near the community garden. We were going to save some of the seeds until we identified it but I think I must have identified the plant and forgotten because I haven't seen it again.
Regarding the "hallucinogen" part: basically all plants of the datura family are not only very potent, but at the same time incredibly dangerous, since there is only a very thin line separating the hallucinogenic dosage from the toxic / lethal dosage. Given that the content of the active substances varies from plant to plant, they are extremely difficult to handle for recreational purposes.
Also, while the term "hallucinogen" is correct, members of the datura family are no classical psychedelics like Mushrooms or LSD, they are full-blown délirants instead (with the effects leading to a delirious "trip" resembling the extreme side effects of a heavy alcohol withdrawal etc).
Even experienced users of hallucinogenic substances (I'm definitely not one of them) strongly advise against trying. It's way too risky and can quickly end in a hospital / ER visit in the best case, psychological and physical damage or even death in the worst case.
However, there is also Diphenhydramine (known as Benadryl in the US), an over-the-counter sleeping aid and anti-nausea-medicine, which also features delirant effects and hallucinations being indistinguishable from reality (mostly manifesting in the form of fake spiders and bugs) when used in higher, non-therapeutic doses, albeit many people don't recommend it and the experience is apparently perceived as not really positive or comfortable. It's still safer than datura and similar plants.
By the way, Datura is known in Germany under the name "Stechapfel", which roughly translates to "spikey apple" or "prickling apple".