4:45 - We can read about the Roman conquest of Britain, where can we read about the Kyiv conquest of Suzdal? 5:00 - Pretty much every genetic studies show that Russians are closely related to Poles, Belarusians, Ukrainians, yet they somehow aren't Slavic, lol 5:05 - Yeah, they did not speak Slavic language yet out of over 1000 birch barks found in Russia only one is written in Finnish (found in Novgorod) and modern Russian language somehow has words of Finno-Ugric language than does Ukrainian 5:08 - Livonian Rhymed Chronicle from XIII century already uses phrases such as "Ruze her von Susdal" (Russians from Suzdal) 8:04 - even this map shows Slavic tribes (Slovenes, Krivitches, Viatitches), yet you prefered not to notice them. Most of the tribes you highlighted still live on the same territories btw
1. 4:45 Tale of Bygone Years, aka the Primary Chronicle describes events of 9-12 century. Svyatoslav conquered, Volodymyr crushed two uprusings. Also chronicles described those people as speaking different language and had loose morals (were not christians yet) 2. 5:00 You're being misleading about genetic studies. List me a study of the bones of people who lived near Moscow before 14th century (before Muscovy conquered Novgorod)? Sergei Uvarov studied those bones - and concluded they are turco-finnish (there are hundreds of more evidence btw). If you consider modern DNA studies - of course with so much deportations and centuries of people shuffling - you'll get a mix. Muscovites deported from Novgorod lands many slavs in 15-16 century. 3. 5:05 Tuco-finnish languages native to people of Moscovia did NOT really have a written form so of course you won't find it, DUH! All prayers were in Church-Slavonic, which is where from Moscovian linguo originated. 4. 5:08 Haven't heard anything from Livonian Chronicle - Send me a link, tell me how to find it? I'll be able to read and respond. 5. 8:04 Vyatiches is an exonym for a collection of tribes. They are the core that went into forming Muscovites, and they weren't slavs. Anthropologist Tatiana Alexeeva said so in her book. Also no one denies slavs on Ukrainian/Belorussian/Novgorodian territories. Judging how your comment sounded - I bet you won't be open to my constructive feedback. Are you here to poke at what you perceive are my mistakes or learn new?
@@Savage_Sage 1. If you are referring to Vyatiches, then by your logic lands of Drevlians were also conquered and aslo shouldn't be considered as part of Rus'. But there were also Kriviches and Ilmen Slovenes who, according to the same chronicles were among the tribes who formed the Rus' state. 2. I am talking about studies of modern Russian population, if they come from Finno-Ugric peoples, then they'd be genetically closer to Finns than for example Poles or Ukrainians. It doesn't even matter what DNA carry those ancient remnants, however, you can google "The Results of Y-DNA and Mitochondrial Haplogroup Testing of an Ancient Burial of XII-XIV Centuries in Old Vladimir Patriarch’s Garden Site near the Klyazma River" and read the study that Vladimir region was pretty much Slavicized by those centuries. Genetics wasn't a thing in the time of Uvarov and his conclusions have been proven wrong already during his life. 3. It's pretty known fact that majority of these birch bark letters are written in vernacular language, not Church Slavonic 4. You can find it by googling "livländische reimchronik" on google.books. Line 2205 says that Suzdal is a city in Russian land, line 2215 says "Russes from Suzdal". BTW, I do not remember any document from XIII-XIV c. naming inhabitants of modern Ukraine as Russes etc ;) 5. Yeah right, Vyatiches arent Slavs, Kriviches aren't Slavs except the ones who lived on Belarus territories, Novgorodians were genocided and replaced by the Muscovites yet somehow neither of it shows up in genetics of the modern Russian population lol
1. You're being misleading again. You assigned your own different meaning to our conversation that wasn't there. You inquired about source of Suzdal Conquest - I provided the source - I never provided any logic that you referred to - so you created it and proceeded to debunk something you created. Mind at least sharing what logic are you debunking? 2. I'll repeat myself. You site a questionable study of modern DNA and then base your assumption that people 8 centuries before were identical to the modern ones. Modern DNA testing is not accurate tool to judge the past especially in Moscow region, capital of empire with 180+ ethnicities that is champion at deporting entire nations. It's like studying medieval population of Manhattan based on modern DNA. Did you at least read the report you told me to google? I bet - no. 3. Vernacular language - aka spoken/live language so you just prove my point again - many turco-finish tribes didn't have a written language, didn't have an alphabet - hence we have way more slavic-linguo Birch bark manuscripts - even those written in finnish was written with SLAVIC alphabet. Northern lands are much better at preserving those, hence more were found there - in particular in Novgorod, which was part of Rus. Historian Andrey Zaliznyak deduced based on them that the Novgorodian dialect was different from Russian dialect in Kyiv. Moscow didn't exist back then. But the fact that finnish language manuscripts were found in slavic alphabet - proves my argument - there were so many finnish speaking people that some of them adopted slavic alphabet to it 4. I looked up your Rhymed Chronicles. That part describes events of 1236-1246. Suzdal was colony of Rus, so I dont see anything suspicious or wrong about that statement. On top of that - need to see it's original version - as I see only 19th century publication. On top of that In Tale of Bygone Years and other chronicles of that time Suzdal people didn't reffered to themselves as Russians nor as Rus, are you saying a forigner knew better? Lastly after fall of Kyiv in 1240 - term 'Russia' became archaic to the lands that were under Kyiv control, aka like geographical label. 5. Of course it shows up - Alexeeva also writes about "slavification". And as I told you - Many Novogorodians (slavs) were deported, actuall Novgorod was massacred down to a small fraction of it's original population. So it's evident you started discussion not to learn anything new - I have a feeling as if you're copy-pasting those points from some moscow-funded website. It's apparent you don't actually know what you're talking about it. So not gonna continue this thread. But will pin it for all to see
@@Savage_Sage 1. If the territory of Vyatich's tribes not really Rus since it got conquered, same applies to Drevlians tribe, that's pretty simple. 2. Now this is just funny. First you argue that Russians aren't Slavic because X time ago there were living non-Slavic tribes (for whatever reason the same logic doesn't apply for about half of Ukrainian population living on historically turkic territories, but whatever), now you are trying to say that Russian population somehow got gradually slavicized and implying that they deported the Finnic peoples they themselves originated from. And I did read it that report 3. Out of over 1000 birch barks only one is written in Finnish language (it's Karelian dialect to be precise) proves that there were SO MANY Finnish speakers. Amazing. Those birch barks are also found in Tver region which was also part of Zalesye. 4. That's plain wrong: Novgorod first chronicle, 1169: "Въ то же лѣто, на зиму, придоша подъ Новъгородъ суждальци съ Андреевицемь , Романь и Мьстислав съ смолняны и съ торопьцяны, муромьци и рязаньци… полоцьскыи князь съ полоцяны, и вся земля просто Русьская" Hypatian Codex, on Andrei Bogolubsky's death: "Тъı же страстотерпьче . молисѧ ко всемогущомоу Бу҃ . ѡ племени своемь . и ѡ сродницѣхъ и ѡ землѣ Руськои . дати мирови миръ" and there are many such examples found in chronicles 5. Yet genetics show that Russians coming from the territory roughly consisting of former Novgorod republic are more different from Russians from other regions, which pretty much means that they are descedants of the original Novgorod republic inhabitants. Also fun fact, I never seen any old writings by foreign travelers describing Russians as Finno-Ugrics, yet I've seen old travelers describing Ukrainians as Tatars
@Oleg_K_UA LOL, I"m only intermediate in (Great Russian) and could read that without the google translation. Must be that 'surzhyk' we hear so much about.
@@Savage_Sage поділитися вашою роботою - найменше, що я могла зробити. Що до жінки яка співає гуцульські співанки... - пані Іванка Червінська із Печеніжина. Доречі, вітання вам із Жабйого!👋 Ще раз дякую за контент! Бо немає нічого таємного, щоб не стало явним. Українська історія - то є головна підвалина на якій стоїть РФ, І не тільки РФ. Тож значить настав час, щоб українці говорили..., - і народи чули. P.S Бачу не я одна любителька знати як то було... Так все заплутано; стільки цікавих, непередбачуваних і ... відверто жахливих подій; така палітра умов в яких люди перебували і як в тих умовах діяли; взаємодія різних культур, бачень, поглядів, звичаїв; стільки всього, що тебе засмучує та від чого ти відверто в позитивному здивуванні, а ще ж і прізвища та зовнішність скільки всього можуть розповісти. Історія українських земель та людей які на ній жили і живуть - багато чому вчить.., і дивлячись на сьогодення - нелегко буде і надалі. Тож бажаю вам Ярославе побільше добрих людей на життєвій дорозі і з гідністю пройти всі випробування. Час бо близький!
Дякую цьому каналу що дає змогу європейцям краще розуміти різницю між нашими націями, я безмежно вдячний тим людям шо почувши це дійсно зроблять аналіз та на основі його зроблять висновок с цього історичного нюансу, а не буде сліпо вірити у путінські божевільні ідеї що є по факту не більш ніж фарсом.
Дякую за вашу працю, добре, що є такі люди, як ви, які просвітлюють іноземців про нашу історію та культуру. Я бачив багато відео, знятих іноземцями про українську історію, які беруть інформацію з пропагандистських джерел, і це справді обурює.
Great video! Also I can add that Ukraine has a significant number of Catholics, around 5-6 million, which is approximately 15% of the population. In terms of vocabulary, Belarusian is the closest language to Ukrainian, sharing 84% of its lexicon. It is followed by Polish (70% shared vocabulary) and Slovak (68% shared vocabulary). Russian, with 62% shared vocabulary, doesn’t even make it into the top three!
I'm Irish. No-one tells us we're English even if they occupied the country for nearly 800 years, which is much longer than Ukraine was occupied by Moscovia. The world has moved on from empire and might is right. Great breakdown of arguments. Slava Ukraïni
That's the point. It is how Muscovia works: it digests different people into 'russians'. There are many mongoloid people there like Bashkirs who nowadays often call themselves russians and sometimes even slavic. The same way it has worked since the beginning of the empire. It has always been a highly hypocritical culture where words mean nearly nothing.
When I discuss the 2022 invasion with people who see it as a somewhat internal strife I always ask them what they would say if the UK would invade Ireland because they both speak English and share a long common history. This clearly unveils the argument as a colonial and imperial one.
@Isimud Agreed, for me the empirial attitude is obvious. For the west, the problem is that our scholars were russian speaking and formed opinions from their writings.
When I was a kid, I barely I barely understood russian, and even now not much has changed. Meanwhile Belarusian? No problem, it's like I'm listening to my distant homie
Sergei Sternenko has raised millions and funds purchases of significant numbers of drones for use by Ukrainian forces fighting on the front line. He has a great YT channel, only in Ukrainian but the English subtitles give a reasonable idea of what is going on. Highly recommended.
Yes, I have watched his videos 2 years. I got a much better understanding of different matters from him than elsewhere. Most people still don't know how important he and his community is to the war efforts. Choose automatic subtitles in English. They make the translation by hand after few hours of release.
Виражаю повагу Ярославу. Рідко коментую щось на RUclips, але я в захваті від того, як структуризована та подана інформація у кожному відео. Слава Україні!
I just say one thing. There are several clips of russian streamers trying to play recently released STALKER 2 with Ukrainian voiceover and being completely baffled by the fact they don't understand it. That also includes in-game inscriptions which they cannot translate adequately.
Ну, я дуже зацінив. Все дуже чотко структуровано. Підсвічені саме ті моменти, що актуальні. Та все круто. Прям дуже чекав, що хтось нарешті таке відео зробить. Дякую, друже🤝 Одним словом - підписався)
I would like to clarify a little about "understanding the language", because many can cite this omission as an argument. Ukrainians understand the muscovite language, but not because of similarity, but because of centuries of imposing and eradicating Ukrainian language. The "common media space" also played a big role. Now more and more parents do not speak the muscovite language with their children at all (although they themselves may know it), and such children, when spoken to in muscovite, almost do not understand it. (By the way, Muscovites did not understand Ukrainian before, nor now)
As Ukrainian historian that had read quite a lot of old documentation, litopies and other old resources, I can assure that author made tremendous analysis and fact checking and had "dived with head" into history of Rus'-Ruthenia. Great job!
I am Latvian. We too pūt flowers on our heads(tĥose that still celebrate the summer solstice). We aint russian either. And russians here since USSR AINT LATVIAN. AT LEAST LEARN THE LANGUAGE FIRST!
Very well explained! As a Dutch historian who graduated with a research and thesis on Ukrainian history, I can say you're absolutely right with what you're saying in this video. Can't explain this enough to people who are not familiar with Ukrainian history and culture!
Such a bright and educative video. I wish more people can watch it. Unfortunately I see the huge amounts of russians are apparently pissed with the facts, which contradict with their "beliefs" and they are shitting all over the comments. Why can't you people leave us Ukrainians alone?
Capitalism didn’t care what Russia was doing as long as it was NOT Socialism, and it seems the one topic you all fail to admit cuz you are both conservative nationalists who still grasp onto the religions that were forced on the region by previous far right killers and land stealers.
Ethnicities mix and now you’re the same, genetically in the modern age you are the same… you talk about the old and then claim you’re different yet refuse to talk about today when you’re the same.
Another great post. Nicely supported points with verifiable historical timeline explanations and documentation. It makes me think that Ukraine (govt, cultural institutions)... once it can focus on such external matters, really needs to work on promoting its own (non-muscovite) identity. Your videos have really laid a lot of the basic groundwork. Thank you!
Ukrainian dies and go to heaven to ask God one question. He ask him: “o God why did you not give Ukrainians to be empire, to have poets, philosophers, big plans big history?” God reply: “but I did give you all that, but you decided to not call yourself Russ anymore, you decided to be borderlanders instead” Everyone chooses their own destiny, both in past, present and future; and you as Ukraine n choose too, so it is great that you confidently answer the question.
Some people (millions) inhabiting Ukraine have had fluid ethnical identification. They can either become Russian or Ukrainian depending on who is in power and what is fashionable and beneficial for them
@@ipcipc7760 what was indicators that Ukrainians did thrive for some imperial heritage? Nevertheless lets consider they chosed something. Why russia is trying to destroy their decision?
I'm from Finland, also a neighbor of Russia, it would be the same to say Finns are the same people as Russians. If someone calls Finns Russians, it really doesn't end well for them
Slavdom is a continuum and it has been splintering into distinct nations for 2,000 years. Anyone who questions Ukraine's distinctive national identity is also questioning Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, Czech, Slovak, Polish and Belarusian national identity.
Most of those countries were never part of the Rus and their languages are almost largely incomprehensible to Slavs. They are as related as Scandanavians are to Germans, south Slavs are to East Slavs at least. There is pretty clear historic description of how Rus separated during the Mongol invasion. Separation from south slavs is more or less antiquity only Romanian rulers like Vlad the Impaler held relations to Rus. Maybe Serbians to a degree in more recent history as well otherwise they are distinct cultures. Most don't even speak a language close to old Church Slavonic
I'm an American of Slavic origin on both my father's side (Polish) and mother's side (Lemko), with the origins of both coming from the Carpathians. My mother's side is from further east into the borderlands of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia. The graphic map of my DNA does not show any connection or origin further east into Russia. What you say in this video makes perfect sense to me. When I vote this November, the fate of Ukraine is top of mind, and I will be voting for the side that isn't a friend of Putin.
@@frostflower5555 what are you talking about most poles hate russia for taking lart in both divisions of Rzeczpospolita(first one as Russian empire and second one as the USSR). Katyn is still not forgotten.
Its not Informationen its made up stuff that is not logic. According to him Bavarians wouldn't be Germans and no US State would be the brotherstate of another
@@jordanpeterson8414It looks like you didn't watch the video at all, everything was explained in detail. The author refers, among other things, to Russian researchers who have spent their entire lives studying chronicles and maps. We differ in everything. In the end, our countries have radically different goals, and there is no way to glue them together into one country. Unless you want another terrible genocide by the Muscovites, like the Holodomor, or the massacres they carried out throughout Ukraine when they created the USSR and annexed Ukraine as a result of the war. However, no matter what pathetic and horrible people like you want, it's not going to happen.
A coule of mistakes was made, but still a decent video. I would add, that most of russians and ukrainians similarities that we have nowadays come from centuries of occupation of Ukraine by Russian Empire. In that time, ukrainian identity was described as a "seluk", that means "villager", ukrainian language was called "malorussian" and then even banned a couple of times, and any ideas of Ukraine as a souvereign nation were repressed. So, our history is similar to a history of Ireland, only with one difference: a today's Great Britain is not a warmongering nation, their prime minister is not a 70 years old sick man that rewrites history to his favors.
@@jordanpeterson8414 No. We pretty much tick off a lot of the boxes to suggest brother states: Language, majority religion (and majority agnostic practices), Dress, ... what are you even talking about? Did you watch the video or just come here to make something up to troll?
I didn't know anything about the Slavic world, but after working and living here for a couple of decades I experienced the huge difference between Moscovites and Ukrainians. Maybe Ukrainians weren't able to get independence, trapped between empires taking the black earth and Black Sea, but Ukrainians are nonetheless their own distinct culture and people.
Very informative as usual. I understand the need to explain all this, but I don’t consider any of this relevant because in 1991 Ukraine became an independent state legally and was internationally recognised as a sovereign state including by the Russian Federation which entered into various agreements with Ukraine (such as Budapest Memorandum) thereby recognising its sovereignty. Putin himself has made several speeches and interviews prior to 2022 where he states that Ukraine is a sovereign state. That is all that matters. Russia invaded the sovereign state of Ukraine with the intent of taking territory. I doing so, it contravened international law and the UN charter. Most importantly, Ukrainians consider themselves to be Ukrainians. Russia is currently trying to erase Ukrainian lives, culture, language and customs. Thank heavens that Ukrainians ARE NOT Russians! Ukrainians are great, Russians are … (fill in the blank).
I think this information will be relevant until modern russians stop spreading their lies and start telling the truth(probably will never happen). Moscovites spend billions of rubles per year to disinform people around the world. To the leftist they say one thing and to the right they say totally opposite, their strategy is simple: divide people, lie to everyone, spread chaos, cover it with empty peacetalks and then use destabilization for own advantage. As we've seen you should never trust moscovites, they will lie to your face and sign any agreement only to backstab you when you're most vulnerable. Budapest memorandum and dozens of previous memorandums and agreements are great proof of their hypocrisy and lying nature.
Frankly, it doesn't even matter because whether they are or aren't, any group of people has the right to decide how they want to live and govern themselves. And they separated from USSR legally just like everyone else.
that right and the People of Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizha, Kherson, Criema, Nikolaiv and Odessa. have the right to govern themselves and say they no longer what to be a part of the Ukrainian radical government run by the west. but no that does not suit your view point.
@@olexiymatuniv6148Those were there because the Ukrainian government was lobbing shells. 😂 Wonder why they voted against being an EU-puppet state..? 🤔 Was it just the artillery or.. the forced LGBT indoctrination that goes along with being an EU-puppet? 🤷♂️ 🇨🇦❤🇷🇺
Something I find interesting is that the city of Kyiv is the "mother of all Rus cities" and the Kyiv region is where slavic peoples have their origins. Yet in this same area the city of Pryp'yat has been made completely uninhabitable for 20,000 years. For all their talk about sacred slavic lands and slavic brotherhood the Russians have left the lands of the slavic birth a wasteland of ruin. This is Ruski Mir.
Thank you for this video. There is a lot of misinformation about this topic. It's not the first time when lies about "one brotherly nation" used as the reason for brutal invasion, but it's still working ((
Recently saw a black and white video of a Chechen leader that was fighting Russia say “on day Ukrainian will have this problem “ this was a long time ago but crazy to see how he knew
it is easy to predict, read the works of Ukrainian public figures that they wrote 100 years ago and you will see that they write the same thing that war with Russia is inevitable and also that if Ukraine is captured, the West itself will be in a bloody war with Russia
it’s an important topic in the world where russia’s revisionism machine is distorting history non-stop to shape a narrative that aligns with their intentions
Google "lexical distance map" of slavic languages or between european languages. There you can clearly see how close Bulgarian and Russian is compared to Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish for example.
🧬 *Genetic analysis* (using PCA) shows that *Muscovite* ('Russian') *population is clustered between Mordovians and Finnish.* All 3 populations are relatively close to Ancient North Eurasians. *Ukrainians🟦🟨 are clustered close to Czech population and Pannonian Slavs/Hungarians.* Polish/Slovak populations was not used in the study, but because Poles/Slovaks are living between Ukraine and Czechia, we also assume that Ukrainians are close to Polish, Slovaks and Czechs. Hungarians are clustered between Ukrainians, Czechs and Croats, because they have gene pool from Pannonian Slavs subjected to Magyarization. 🧬 Source Article: Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. (Look for *Fig. 1b.* with Principal Component Analysis.) *Nature 513, 409-413 (2014)*
Some populations are even overlapping with Ukrainians, like Belarusians, Czechs due to their genetic similarity. Since Ukrainian and Czech populations are overlapping, this will be also true to Ukrainians with Slovaks and Poles. Interestingly, ancestry land for Slavs is probably in Polesia (border of Ukraine and Belarus). Important are also: * how similar and how many people were living 6. century (time of Slavic migration) in present-day Poland, Slovakia, Czechia * later migrations (for example in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth).
4:45 - We can read about the Roman conquest of Britain, where can we read about the Kyiv conquest of Suzdal?
5:00 - Pretty much every genetic studies show that Russians are closely related to Poles, Belarusians, Ukrainians, yet they somehow aren't Slavic, lol
5:05 - Yeah, they did not speak Slavic language yet out of over 1000 birch barks found in Russia only one is written in Finnish (found in Novgorod) and modern Russian language somehow has words of Finno-Ugric language than does Ukrainian
5:08 - Livonian Rhymed Chronicle from XIII century already uses phrases such as "Ruze her von Susdal" (Russians from Suzdal)
8:04 - even this map shows Slavic tribes (Slovenes, Krivitches, Viatitches), yet you prefered not to notice them. Most of the tribes you highlighted still live on the same territories btw
1. 4:45 Tale of Bygone Years, aka the Primary Chronicle describes events of 9-12 century. Svyatoslav conquered, Volodymyr crushed two uprusings. Also chronicles described those people as speaking different language and had loose morals (were not christians yet)
2. 5:00 You're being misleading about genetic studies. List me a study of the bones of people who lived near Moscow before 14th century (before Muscovy conquered Novgorod)? Sergei Uvarov studied those bones - and concluded they are turco-finnish (there are hundreds of more evidence btw). If you consider modern DNA studies - of course with so much deportations and centuries of people shuffling - you'll get a mix. Muscovites deported from Novgorod lands many slavs in 15-16 century.
3. 5:05 Tuco-finnish languages native to people of Moscovia did NOT really have a written form so of course you won't find it, DUH! All prayers were in Church-Slavonic, which is where from Moscovian linguo originated.
4. 5:08 Haven't heard anything from Livonian Chronicle - Send me a link, tell me how to find it? I'll be able to read and respond.
5. 8:04 Vyatiches is an exonym for a collection of tribes. They are the core that went into forming Muscovites, and they weren't slavs. Anthropologist Tatiana Alexeeva said so in her book. Also no one denies slavs on Ukrainian/Belorussian/Novgorodian territories.
Judging how your comment sounded - I bet you won't be open to my constructive feedback. Are you here to poke at what you perceive are my mistakes or learn new?
@@Savage_Sage 1. If you are referring to Vyatiches, then by your logic lands of Drevlians were also conquered and aslo shouldn't be considered as part of Rus'. But there were also Kriviches and Ilmen Slovenes who, according to the same chronicles were among the tribes who formed the Rus' state.
2. I am talking about studies of modern Russian population, if they come from Finno-Ugric peoples, then they'd be genetically closer to Finns than for example Poles or Ukrainians. It doesn't even matter what DNA carry those ancient remnants, however, you can google "The Results of Y-DNA and Mitochondrial Haplogroup Testing of an Ancient Burial of XII-XIV Centuries in Old Vladimir Patriarch’s Garden Site near the Klyazma River" and read the study that Vladimir region was pretty much Slavicized by those centuries.
Genetics wasn't a thing in the time of Uvarov and his conclusions have been proven wrong already during his life.
3. It's pretty known fact that majority of these birch bark letters are written in vernacular language, not Church Slavonic
4. You can find it by googling "livländische reimchronik" on google.books. Line 2205 says that Suzdal is a city in Russian land, line 2215 says "Russes from Suzdal". BTW, I do not remember any document from XIII-XIV c. naming inhabitants of modern Ukraine as Russes etc ;)
5. Yeah right, Vyatiches arent Slavs, Kriviches aren't Slavs except the ones who lived on Belarus territories, Novgorodians were genocided and replaced by the Muscovites yet somehow neither of it shows up in genetics of the modern Russian population lol
@@Necroctulhu blah blah bs
russian have no roots, no language, no culture, not respect for themselves
1. You're being misleading again. You assigned your own different meaning to our conversation that wasn't there. You inquired about source of Suzdal Conquest - I provided the source - I never provided any logic that you referred to - so you created it and proceeded to debunk something you created. Mind at least sharing what logic are you debunking?
2. I'll repeat myself. You site a questionable study of modern DNA and then base your assumption that people 8 centuries before were identical to the modern ones. Modern DNA testing is not accurate tool to judge the past especially in Moscow region, capital of empire with 180+ ethnicities that is champion at deporting entire nations. It's like studying medieval population of Manhattan based on modern DNA. Did you at least read the report you told me to google? I bet - no.
3. Vernacular language - aka spoken/live language so you just prove my point again - many turco-finish tribes didn't have a written language, didn't have an alphabet - hence we have way more slavic-linguo Birch bark manuscripts - even those written in finnish was written with SLAVIC alphabet. Northern lands are much better at preserving those, hence more were found there - in particular in Novgorod, which was part of Rus. Historian Andrey Zaliznyak deduced based on them that the Novgorodian dialect was different from Russian dialect in Kyiv. Moscow didn't exist back then. But the fact that finnish language manuscripts were found in slavic alphabet - proves my argument - there were so many finnish speaking people that some of them adopted slavic alphabet to it
4. I looked up your Rhymed Chronicles. That part describes events of 1236-1246. Suzdal was colony of Rus, so I dont see anything suspicious or wrong about that statement. On top of that - need to see it's original version - as I see only 19th century publication. On top of that In Tale of Bygone Years and other chronicles of that time Suzdal people didn't reffered to themselves as Russians nor as Rus, are you saying a forigner knew better? Lastly after fall of Kyiv in 1240 - term 'Russia' became archaic to the lands that were under Kyiv control, aka like geographical label.
5. Of course it shows up - Alexeeva also writes about "slavification". And as I told you - Many Novogorodians (slavs) were deported, actuall Novgorod was massacred down to a small fraction of it's original population.
So it's evident you started discussion not to learn anything new - I have a feeling as if you're copy-pasting those points from some moscow-funded website. It's apparent you don't actually know what you're talking about it. So not gonna continue this thread. But will pin it for all to see
@@Savage_Sage
1. If the territory of Vyatich's tribes not really Rus since it got conquered, same applies to Drevlians tribe, that's pretty simple.
2. Now this is just funny. First you argue that Russians aren't Slavic because X time ago there were living non-Slavic tribes (for whatever reason the same logic doesn't apply for about half of Ukrainian population living on historically turkic territories, but whatever), now you are trying to say that Russian population somehow got gradually slavicized and implying that they deported the Finnic peoples they themselves originated from. And I did read it that report
3. Out of over 1000 birch barks only one is written in Finnish language (it's Karelian dialect to be precise) proves that there were SO MANY Finnish speakers. Amazing. Those birch barks are also found in Tver region which was also part of Zalesye.
4. That's plain wrong:
Novgorod first chronicle, 1169:
"Въ то же лѣто, на зиму, придоша подъ Новъгородъ суждальци съ Андреевицемь , Романь и Мьстислав съ смолняны и съ торопьцяны, муромьци и рязаньци… полоцьскыи князь съ полоцяны, и вся земля просто Русьская"
Hypatian Codex, on Andrei Bogolubsky's death:
"Тъı же страстотерпьче . молисѧ ко всемогущомоу Бу҃ . ѡ племени своемь . и ѡ сродницѣхъ и ѡ землѣ Руськои . дати мирови миръ"
and there are many such examples found in chronicles
5. Yet genetics show that Russians coming from the territory roughly consisting of former Novgorod republic are more different from Russians from other regions, which pretty much means that they are descedants of the original Novgorod republic inhabitants.
Also fun fact, I never seen any old writings by foreign travelers describing Russians as Finno-Ugrics, yet I've seen old travelers describing Ukrainians as Tatars
Як завжди чудова робота, монтаж чудовий, дякую за поширення правди в англомовне середовище.
@Oleg_K_UA LOL, I"m only intermediate in (Great Russian) and could read that without the google translation. Must be that 'surzhyk' we hear so much about.
Дякую пане Ярослав! Вподобайка якісному, систематизованому та аргументованому викладу матеріалу! Поділилася в твітер вашою роботою. - Хай більше іноземців познайомляться із вами !
дякую, у вас жінка співає в костюмі - вельми чудово і костюм і голос!
@@Savage_Sage поділитися вашою роботою - найменше, що я могла зробити. Що до жінки яка співає гуцульські співанки... - пані Іванка Червінська із Печеніжина. Доречі, вітання вам із Жабйого!👋
Ще раз дякую за контент! Бо немає нічого таємного, щоб не стало явним. Українська історія - то є головна підвалина на якій стоїть РФ, І не тільки РФ. Тож значить настав час, щоб українці говорили..., - і народи чули.
P.S Бачу не я одна любителька знати як то було... Так все заплутано; стільки цікавих, непередбачуваних і ... відверто жахливих подій; така палітра умов в яких люди перебували і як в тих умовах діяли; взаємодія різних культур, бачень, поглядів, звичаїв; стільки всього, що тебе засмучує та від чого ти відверто в позитивному здивуванні, а ще ж і прізвища та зовнішність скільки всього можуть розповісти. Історія українських земель та людей які на ній жили і живуть - багато чому вчить.., і дивлячись на сьогодення - нелегко буде і надалі. Тож бажаю вам Ярославе побільше добрих людей на життєвій дорозі і з гідністю пройти всі випробування. Час бо близький!
I’m American, but i find Ukrainian history endlessly interesting. I love your videos. Slava Ukraini
Thank you for your hard work! Great video! Щиро дякую!
Hey Yaroslavav, I appreciate your work on countering ruZZian propaganda and debunking ruZZian history falsification ❤
appreciate much your feedback and support!
Thank you for your video! Great job 👍
Excellent video. You are very underrated channel
Дякую цьому каналу що дає змогу європейцям краще розуміти різницю між нашими націями, я безмежно вдячний тим людям шо почувши це дійсно зроблять аналіз та на основі його зроблять висновок с цього історичного нюансу, а не буде сліпо вірити у путінські божевільні ідеї що є по факту не більш ніж фарсом.
100% correct!!!❤ Thank you very much! Your video is so important!
Slava Ukraini, Cheers from Vancouver!!
Дуже дуже дуже потрібне відео і дуже добре пояснено та розжовано, дякую за працю
Усе одно у росіян підкуплені американські еліти і відео від них набирають мільйони переглядів.
Keep it up ! Great info
Than you for you work! It's very important to show a real face of Moscovia!
Great video! Keep up the good work.
Really good sourced information. Brilliant presentation. Extremely helpful in comparing to VP take.
Thank you for great explanation and muscovian tears in comments.
Great video! Thank you for your effort to bring the truth to the world!
Дякую за вашу працю, добре, що є такі люди, як ви, які просвітлюють іноземців про нашу історію та культуру.
Я бачив багато відео, знятих іноземцями про українську історію, які беруть інформацію з пропагандистських джерел, і це справді обурює.
Great video. Agree 100%
Thank you for explaining Ukrainian history and culture to English speaking people ❤
I totally enjoy, respect, and appreciate your scholarship.
Great video! Also I can add that Ukraine has a significant number of Catholics, around 5-6 million, which is approximately 15% of the population.
In terms of vocabulary, Belarusian is the closest language to Ukrainian, sharing 84% of its lexicon. It is followed by Polish (70% shared vocabulary) and Slovak (68% shared vocabulary). Russian, with 62% shared vocabulary, doesn’t even make it into the top three!
And, mind you, it took decades of wiping off the Ukrainian identity (language included) during the USSR invasion alone, to get this number to 62%.
@@CatCap409 Greek Catholics slightly different to Roman catholics
@@fuzzy-supernova Ukraine was integral part of Soviet Union and not occupied!
↑ - 🤡
@@cliveengel5744 ????
Красно дякую за ваші відео, вони дуже допомагають пояснювати знайомим та родичам, чому вони живуть у брехні.
I'm Irish. No-one tells us we're English even if they occupied the country for nearly 800 years, which is much longer than Ukraine was occupied by Moscovia. The world has moved on from empire and might is right. Great breakdown of arguments. Slava Ukraïni
That's the point. It is how Muscovia works: it digests different people into 'russians'. There are many mongoloid people there like Bashkirs who nowadays often call themselves russians and sometimes even slavic. The same way it has worked since the beginning of the empire. It has always been a highly hypocritical culture where words mean nearly nothing.
lol hahaha hoooo hooo hooo and santa claus is coming
When I discuss the 2022 invasion with people who see it as a somewhat internal strife I always ask them what they would say if the UK would invade Ireland because they both speak English and share a long common history. This clearly unveils the argument as a colonial and imperial one.
@@sineadegan3690 No wonder you think like this and you don't even speak your own language anymore.
@Isimud Agreed, for me the empirial attitude is obvious. For the west, the problem is that our scholars were russian speaking and formed opinions from their writings.
RIGHT SAID ! WELL DONE !
Very informative and laconically! I am appreciate your time for doing this important video!
When I was a kid, I barely I barely understood russian, and even now not much has changed. Meanwhile Belarusian? No problem, it's like I'm listening to my distant homie
Excellent video
Sergei Sternenko has raised millions and funds purchases of significant numbers of drones for use by Ukrainian forces fighting on the front line. He has a great YT channel, only in Ukrainian but the English subtitles give a reasonable idea of what is going on. Highly recommended.
Yes, I have watched his videos 2 years. I got a much better understanding of different matters from him than elsewhere. Most people still don't know how important he and his community is to the war efforts. Choose automatic subtitles in English. They make the translation by hand after few hours of release.
that's nice to hear people on the west watch Sternenko
This will come in useful, thank you! And a shout-out to Serhii!
Thanks for covering that. Slava Ukraini!
Виражаю повагу Ярославу. Рідко коментую щось на RUclips, але я в захваті від того, як структуризована та подана інформація у кожному відео. Слава Україні!
Bro it's cool and very important work! Thnx 4 you!! I am from Kharkiv
I just say one thing. There are several clips of russian streamers trying to play recently released STALKER 2 with Ukrainian voiceover and being completely baffled by the fact they don't understand it. That also includes in-game inscriptions which they cannot translate adequately.
Thank you for your work, Sage!
Ну, я дуже зацінив. Все дуже чотко структуровано. Підсвічені саме ті моменти, що актуальні. Та все круто.
Прям дуже чекав, що хтось нарешті таке відео зробить. Дякую, друже🤝
Одним словом - підписався)
Велике дякую за відео! Відео чистою англійською мовою спрямоване на відкриття очей англомовній аудиторії - те що треба
Thank you for your content ! Always love to watch your videos
Much appreciated ☺️
I really appreciate your analyses.
Happy new subscriber, Slava Ukraine.
Very interesting.
Яка ж база, грунт, фундамент! Дякую за працю.
Thank you for your content!
Ukrainians are my favourite people, love living here..
Everything will be Ukraine again..Slava Ukraini 🇺🇦❤️🇺🇦
Love living in one of Europe’s poorest countries
Bravo. Totally agree.
Slava Ukraini!
gheroyam slava!
This video describes the situation very accurately.
Thank you.
I would like to clarify a little about "understanding the language", because many can cite this omission as an argument. Ukrainians understand the muscovite language, but not because of similarity, but because of centuries of imposing and eradicating Ukrainian language. The "common media space" also played a big role. Now more and more parents do not speak the muscovite language with their children at all (although they themselves may know it), and such children, when spoken to in muscovite, almost do not understand it. (By the way, Muscovites did not understand Ukrainian before, nor now)
this is so true
As Ukrainian historian that had read quite a lot of old documentation, litopies and other old resources, I can assure that author made tremendous analysis and fact checking and had "dived with head" into history of Rus'-Ruthenia. Great job!
I am Latvian. We too pūt flowers on our heads(tĥose that still celebrate the summer solstice). We aint russian either. And russians here since USSR AINT LATVIAN. AT LEAST LEARN THE LANGUAGE FIRST!
Very well explained! As a Dutch historian who graduated with a research and thesis on Ukrainian history, I can say you're absolutely right with what you're saying in this video. Can't explain this enough to people who are not familiar with Ukrainian history and culture!
Excellent work as usually.
Дякую захисникам України за мужність і героїзм, дякую народу України за незламність.
It's very interesting, thank you for such educational video!
Such a bright and educative video. I wish more people can watch it.
Unfortunately I see the huge amounts of russians are apparently pissed with the facts, which contradict with their "beliefs" and they are shitting all over the comments.
Why can't you people leave us Ukrainians alone?
Capitalism didn’t care what Russia was doing as long as it was NOT Socialism, and it seems the one topic you all fail to admit cuz you are both conservative nationalists who still grasp onto the religions that were forced on the region by previous far right killers and land stealers.
Ethnicities mix and now you’re the same, genetically in the modern age you are the same… you talk about the old and then claim you’re different yet refuse to talk about today when you’re the same.
Another great post. Nicely supported points with verifiable historical timeline explanations and documentation. It makes me think that Ukraine (govt, cultural institutions)... once it can focus on such external matters, really needs to work on promoting its own (non-muscovite) identity. Your videos have really laid a lot of the basic groundwork. Thank you!
This was fabulous. Thank you! 😊
As a Ukrainian I can confidently answer the question: Are Ukrainians and Russians really the same. NO! Slava Ukraini.
Ukrainian dies and go to heaven to ask God one question. He ask him: “o God why did you not give Ukrainians to be empire, to have poets, philosophers, big plans big history?”
God reply: “but I did give you all that, but you decided to not call yourself Russ anymore, you decided to be borderlanders instead”
Everyone chooses their own destiny, both in past, present and future; and you as Ukraine n choose too, so it is great that you confidently answer the question.
Some people (millions) inhabiting Ukraine have had fluid ethnical identification. They can either become Russian or Ukrainian depending on who is in power and what is fashionable and beneficial for them
@@ipcipc7760 what was indicators that Ukrainians did thrive for some imperial heritage? Nevertheless lets consider they chosed something. Why russia is trying to destroy their decision?
I'm from Finland, also a neighbor of Russia, it would be the same to say Finns are the same people as Russians. If someone calls Finns Russians, it really doesn't end well for them
Героям слава!
Thank you for this peace of valuable information sir
That's a decent amount of research done. Thank you for enlightening the Western audience, Yaroslav.
Nice! Such a detailed research. Really, all points are here to do your own math.
Додатковий комент для підтримки і поширення цього мега корисного контенту.
Slavdom is a continuum and it has been splintering into distinct nations for 2,000 years. Anyone who questions Ukraine's distinctive national identity is also questioning Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, Czech, Slovak, Polish and Belarusian national identity.
Most of those countries were never part of the Rus and their languages are almost largely incomprehensible to Slavs. They are as related as Scandanavians are to Germans, south Slavs are to East Slavs at least. There is pretty clear historic description of how Rus separated during the Mongol invasion. Separation from south slavs is more or less antiquity only Romanian rulers like Vlad the Impaler held relations to Rus. Maybe Serbians to a degree in more recent history as well otherwise they are distinct cultures. Most don't even speak a language close to old Church Slavonic
Slavdom was a bunch of tribes that coalesced into various Nations, just like the Germanics, the Celts...
@@KevinWarburton-tv2iy Yup, and it is an ongoing process.
When you say "anyone" All I can think of is Putin. He and his followers are the only ones who don't get it.
@@jerseyshoredroneservices225 Yup.
I'm an American of Slavic origin on both my father's side (Polish) and mother's side (Lemko), with the origins of both coming from the Carpathians. My mother's side is from further east into the borderlands of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia. The graphic map of my DNA does not show any connection or origin further east into Russia. What you say in this video makes perfect sense to me.
When I vote this November, the fate of Ukraine is top of mind, and I will be voting for the side that isn't a friend of Putin.
lemko...that figures. Most Poles know that Russia is on the right side of history.
@@frostflower5555 what are you talking about most poles hate russia for taking lart in both divisions of Rzeczpospolita(first one as Russian empire and second one as the USSR). Katyn is still not forgotten.
@@Ne_Ne_Vova_UA Uh, you guys attacked Rus lands...FAFO.
@@mitchyoung93 nobody attacked Rus lands except russia who wants Rus to be their and Ukraine to not exist and tries to justify it in dumb ways.
Thank you for this information.
Just subscribe I need to know more about this great nation called Ukraine 🇺🇦
Its not Informationen its made up stuff that is not logic.
According to him Bavarians wouldn't be Germans and no US State would be the brotherstate of another
@@jordanpeterson8414It looks like you didn't watch the video at all, everything was explained in detail. The author refers, among other things, to Russian researchers who have spent their entire lives studying chronicles and maps. We differ in everything. In the end, our countries have radically different goals, and there is no way to glue them together into one country. Unless you want another terrible genocide by the Muscovites, like the Holodomor, or the massacres they carried out throughout Ukraine when they created the USSR and annexed Ukraine as a result of the war. However, no matter what pathetic and horrible people like you want, it's not going to happen.
@@jordanpeterson8414 There is no history and logic you and to other Muscovites. Only propaganda.
Nicolai Petro
Daniel Davis deep dive
Wow! Outstanding! I just found you and subscribed. 😊
This is amazing video. Thank you for your hard work.
There’s a difference. Ukrainians are people.
I can add that Moscoviets are antipeople.
Thank you so much. It's so so good omg!!
nice video, keep up the great work
💛💙
🩵💛
Ucraina! Kozako! Great people! God bless Ucraina!
ukraine means the russian front. No wonder it was always called THE Ukraine in the past.
@@frostflower5555 it just isn't. Have you ever read the first mention of Ukraine in a chronicle?
@@Ne_Ne_Vova_UA Nobody cares about your fake chronicles promoted by the US embassy.
A coule of mistakes was made, but still a decent video. I would add, that most of russians and ukrainians similarities that we have nowadays come from centuries of occupation of Ukraine by Russian Empire. In that time, ukrainian identity was described as a "seluk", that means "villager", ukrainian language was called "malorussian" and then even banned a couple of times, and any ideas of Ukraine as a souvereign nation were repressed. So, our history is similar to a history of Ireland, only with one difference: a today's Great Britain is not a warmongering nation, their prime minister is not a 70 years old sick man that rewrites history to his favors.
"mistakes" 🤣
Thanks👍
Great video! Thanks!
Incredible work!
Thanks
Its really great that channel, depicting ruzzian propaganda in English exists
wise words Reagan nice touch
Thank you for this work. This is very important.
Well done! I'll refer to this video, often. Thanks for the hard work you've done.
According to his logic no US state would be a brother state of another
@@jordanpeterson8414 No. We pretty much tick off a lot of the boxes to suggest brother states: Language, majority religion (and majority agnostic practices), Dress, ... what are you even talking about? Did you watch the video or just come here to make something up to troll?
Straight to the point and no fluff-thanks for the clear explanation!
Wait a bunch of russians around the world who’s even not currently living in russia speculating about this video, very good job!
I didn't know anything about the Slavic world, but after working and living here for a couple of decades I experienced the huge difference between Moscovites and Ukrainians. Maybe Ukrainians weren't able to get independence, trapped between empires taking the black earth and Black Sea, but Ukrainians are nonetheless their own distinct culture and people.
@@blutexas Can you name these huge differences?
The best video explaination of our history in English for my English speaking friends. Дякую
Very informative as usual. I understand the need to explain all this, but I don’t consider any of this relevant because in 1991 Ukraine became an independent state legally and was internationally recognised as a sovereign state including by the Russian Federation which entered into various agreements with Ukraine (such as Budapest Memorandum) thereby recognising its sovereignty. Putin himself has made several speeches and interviews prior to 2022 where he states that Ukraine is a sovereign state. That is all that matters. Russia invaded the sovereign state of Ukraine with the intent of taking territory. I doing so, it contravened international law and the UN charter. Most importantly, Ukrainians consider themselves to be Ukrainians. Russia is currently trying to erase Ukrainian lives, culture, language and customs. Thank heavens that Ukrainians ARE NOT Russians! Ukrainians are great, Russians are … (fill in the blank).
I think this information will be relevant until modern russians stop spreading their lies and start telling the truth(probably will never happen). Moscovites spend billions of rubles per year to disinform people around the world. To the leftist they say one thing and to the right they say totally opposite, their strategy is simple: divide people, lie to everyone, spread chaos, cover it with empty peacetalks and then use destabilization for own advantage. As we've seen you should never trust moscovites, they will lie to your face and sign any agreement only to backstab you when you're most vulnerable. Budapest memorandum and dozens of previous memorandums and agreements are great proof of their hypocrisy and lying nature.
Frankly, it doesn't even matter because whether they are or aren't, any group of people has the right to decide how they want to live and govern themselves. And they separated from USSR legally just like everyone else.
that right and the People of Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizha, Kherson, Criema, Nikolaiv and Odessa. have the right to govern themselves and say they no longer what to be a part of the Ukrainian radical government run by the west.
but no that does not suit your view point.
@@tzarputin2285 "Право" з під російської воєнщини з солдатами,гарматами,танками в ракетими ?
@@olexiymatuniv6148Those were there because the Ukrainian government was lobbing shells. 😂 Wonder why they voted against being an EU-puppet state..? 🤔 Was it just the artillery or.. the forced LGBT indoctrination that goes along with being an EU-puppet? 🤷♂️ 🇨🇦❤🇷🇺
@@olexiymatuniv6148
sorry we don't speak that rubbish, speak Russia and you will feel better
If you honestly think a person can be indoctrinated into being LGBT, you have cognitive challenges much more basic than understanding this war.
Something I find interesting is that the city of Kyiv is the "mother of all Rus cities" and the Kyiv region is where slavic peoples have their origins. Yet in this same area the city of Pryp'yat has been made completely uninhabitable for 20,000 years. For all their talk about sacred slavic lands and slavic brotherhood the Russians have left the lands of the slavic birth a wasteland of ruin. This is Ruski Mir.
Thank you for this video. There is a lot of misinformation about this topic. It's not the first time when lies about "one brotherly nation" used as the reason for brutal invasion, but it's still working ((
Recently saw a black and white video of a Chechen leader that was fighting Russia say “on day Ukrainian will have this problem “ this was a long time ago but crazy to see how he knew
it is easy to predict, read the works of Ukrainian public figures that they wrote 100 years ago and you will see that they write the same thing that war with Russia is inevitable and also that if Ukraine is captured, the West itself will be in a bloody war with Russia
Dear @SavageSage thank you for this brillian video💙💛Слава Україні! Героям Слава!
slava ukraine!
Thank you for showing the true story! It was really interesting!
it’s an important topic in the world where russia’s revisionism machine is distorting history non-stop to shape a narrative that aligns with their intentions
Google "lexical distance map" of slavic languages or between european languages. There you can clearly see how close Bulgarian and Russian is compared to Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish for example.
What else can I say, this is a great video, the whole world needs to see it and finally stop considering Ukraine a part of Russia
moskovia is not Slavic. It's. the remnants of the mongolians and the local tribes, some cannibalistic.
That's correct. "Russians" are Mongols
@@jakub.kubicek polaks and Ukries just some mix of Jews and gypsies × turko Mongols , and as a result became toilet b¥dlo for German masters.
thanks for important topic , make more please!!
Thnak you very much. Slava Ukraine!
Great job! Thank you so much for explanation.
🧬 *Genetic analysis* (using PCA) shows that *Muscovite* ('Russian') *population is clustered between Mordovians and Finnish.* All 3 populations are relatively close to Ancient North Eurasians.
*Ukrainians🟦🟨 are clustered close to Czech population and Pannonian Slavs/Hungarians.*
Polish/Slovak populations was not used in the study, but because Poles/Slovaks are living between Ukraine and Czechia, we also assume that Ukrainians are close to Polish, Slovaks and Czechs.
Hungarians are clustered between Ukrainians, Czechs and Croats, because they have gene pool from Pannonian Slavs subjected to Magyarization.
🧬 Source Article:
Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. (Look for *Fig. 1b.* with Principal Component Analysis.)
*Nature 513, 409-413 (2014)*
Some populations are even overlapping with Ukrainians, like Belarusians, Czechs due to their genetic similarity. Since Ukrainian and Czech populations are overlapping, this will be also true to Ukrainians with Slovaks and Poles.
Interestingly, ancestry land for Slavs is probably in Polesia (border of Ukraine and Belarus). Important are also:
* how similar and how many people were living 6. century (time of Slavic migration) in present-day Poland, Slovakia, Czechia
* later migrations (for example in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth).
Thank you, very insightful.