Lecture 2; Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium and it's Macroscopic characteristics

A reversible process is said to be in dynamic equilibrium when the forward and reverse processes occur at the same rate, resulting in no observable change in the system. Once dynamic equilibrium is established, the concentrations or partial pressures of all species involved in the process remain constant.
A reaction is at equilibrium when the amounts of reactants or products no longer change. Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process, meaning the rate of formation of products by the forward reaction is equal to the rate at which the products re-form reactants by the reverse reaction.
Dynamic Equilibrium Graph
time graph, depicts that the rate of both forward and reverse reactions becomes equal upon reaching the equilibrium point. On the other hand, the second one, i.e., the concentration vs. time graph, shows that the concentration of both reactants and products becomes constant at equilibrium.
The point on the graph when the forward and reverse reactions reach equal rates, is when the reaction has reached dynamic equilibrium.
The three characteristics of equilibrium are: The forward rate and the reverse rate should be the same. The value of the equilibrium constant does not change at a given temperature but changes as the value of temperature changes. There is no effect on equilibrium by the use of catalyst.
Forward and reverse reactions have the same rate in chemical equilibrium.
At equilibrium, all of the reactants and products are present.
A catalyst has no effect on the equilibrium position.
At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products are constant.

[@muhammadnaeem9855]

best hai

[@2012asi]

Easy understanding

[@BaburSaleem-x1v]

v nice dear bro