CNC machine: what is it ?

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The first thing to understand about a CNC machine is that it is the same as a manual machine in terms of operations, cutting tools, and work holding.
The big difference is in the way that the machine is controlled.
On a manual machine, your brain is the controller. It sends signals to the hands, which rotate the handwheels, which in turn move the table along longitudinal, cross and vertical motions. Based on feedback from your eyes, you keep adjusting the position and speed so that you get the required dimensions and surface finish on the part. On a CNC machine, a computer is the brain, motors do the work of hand wheels, and electronic feedback sensors do the work of eyes. The controller sends signals to motors, which move the tool in the longitudinal, cross and vertical directions. Based on feedback from feedback sensors, the controller keeps adjusting the position and speed so that you get the required dimensions and surface finish on the part. The machining operations, cutting tools, and work holding on CNC machines are almost the same as on manual machines. This is true of any CNC machine, whether it is turning, milling or flame cutting. You can see that this CNC milling machine has all the parts that you find on a manual milling machine. If you are an expert on a manual machine, you can become an expert on its CNC equivalent in very little time. So let us first get rid of any fear that CNC is extremely complex, unknown technology. If you have been working with manual machines, you already know most of the technology used on a CNC.