Approximating Irrational Numbers (Duffin-Schaeffer Conjecture) - Numberphile

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 25 дек 2024

Комментарии • 1 тыс.

  • @marcsmerlin
    @marcsmerlin 5 лет назад +755

    My favorite moment in this video is at around 9:49 when James refers to the Duffin-Schaeffer Conjecture and then qualifies that by saying "now a theorem." Bravo, James!

    • @zym6687
      @zym6687 5 лет назад +9

      11:23 he does it again

    • @Drestanto
      @Drestanto 4 года назад +19

      Yes, I can feel how proud a person can say something like that.
      "Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture, now a theorem"

    • @MusicEngineeer
      @MusicEngineeer 4 года назад +10

      @InSomnia DrEvil i think, he was just too humble to call it the manyard-koukoulopoulos theorem - which is what mathematicians are going to call it because theorems are traditionally named after the first person(s) who proved it.

    • @davidhildebrandt7812
      @davidhildebrandt7812 4 года назад +9

      "The Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture is a conjecture (now a theorem) in mathematics" is also the first line in the Wikipedia article

    • @tatumzaiden7498
      @tatumzaiden7498 3 года назад

      i know Im asking randomly but does any of you know of a method to get back into an Instagram account??
      I somehow forgot my password. I would appreciate any tricks you can offer me.

  • @adamdzavoronok5396
    @adamdzavoronok5396 2 года назад +321

    Congratulations to James Maynard for being awarded with Fields Medal in 2022 such a brilliant mathematician

    • @stevestarcke
      @stevestarcke 2 года назад +5

      What a wonderful view into the mind of a mathematical genius. Glorious.

  • @eloleelole
    @eloleelole 5 лет назад +367

    Just wonderful - letting Maynard speak 20 minutes about his recent work. He is quite adept at explaining his work in simple terms!

    • @Pratanjali64
      @Pratanjali64 2 года назад +6

      Love the way he's bouncing with enthusiasm.

    • @blokin5039
      @blokin5039 Год назад

      @@Pratanjali64 Are you in isolation?

  • @alephnull4044
    @alephnull4044 5 лет назад +692

    We need more James Maynard. The guy's a genius and nice to listen to on top of that.

    • @cgarrita894
      @cgarrita894 5 лет назад +4

      Aleph Null is your first name possibly Seth? Sorry for the strange question.

    • @peglor
      @peglor 5 лет назад +4

      Need to turn off the image stabilisation on the camera when it's zoomed in close though - the way the camera compensated for his head movements is seasickness inducing.

    • @TheSpiralout11235
      @TheSpiralout11235 5 лет назад +6

      Best handwriting on numberphile

    • @jessstuart7495
      @jessstuart7495 4 года назад +1

      I'm not convinced. 355/113 is approximately 3.14159292035 which gives an error of less than 1/q^3.2 for pi (q=113).

    • @benkogenko
      @benkogenko 4 года назад +7

      @@jessstuart7495 Dirichlet's approximation theorem (4:50) says that the difference should be less than 1/q^2. 355/113 exemplifies this since the difference between 355/113 and pi is less than 1/113^2.

  • @ethanbottomley-mason8447
    @ethanbottomley-mason8447 5 лет назад +878

    This man is a mathematical machine.

    • @electricmojo5180
      @electricmojo5180 5 лет назад +10

      i always wondered about how ppl like Leibnitz could make mathematics so accible to others

    • @Shenron557
      @Shenron557 5 лет назад +4

      I'm just nitpicking, but at 4:10, pi is approximately equal to 355/113

    • @ethanbottomley-mason8447
      @ethanbottomley-mason8447 5 лет назад +14

      @@boudicawasnotreallyallthat1020 We know not of the eating habits of one such as himself.

    • @rednecktash
      @rednecktash 5 лет назад +3

      for a second i thought i already saw this video...but that one was about primes

    • @Jiffythesquirrel
      @Jiffythesquirrel 5 лет назад +5

      This machine fights AI fascists

  • @Bayar-oe7rj
    @Bayar-oe7rj 5 лет назад +280

    Numberphile is my inspiration of my dream being mathematician...
    Math and physics is my life.

  • @recklessroges
    @recklessroges 5 лет назад +1133

    Even a genius like James has the impostor syndrome of "oh that doesn't count, because I'm cheating." No James, you aren't cheating, you are winning! Well done.

    • @MrMebigfatguy
      @MrMebigfatguy 5 лет назад +34

      The opposite of dunning kreuger

    • @christosvoskresye
      @christosvoskresye 5 лет назад +6

      @@MrMebigfatguy The opposite of Charlie Sheen was my thought.

    • @omri9325
      @omri9325 5 лет назад +27

      It's actually more common on smart people.

    • @U014B
      @U014B 5 лет назад +6

      @@MrMebigfatguy Well, yes, but actually no.

    • @ragnkja
      @ragnkja 5 лет назад +39

      Dave Brosius
      It’s still part of the Dunning-Kruger effect.

  • @Bibibosh
    @Bibibosh 5 лет назад +111

    I really like the way he explains things.
    He makes sure you are thinking with him and assures us of that!
    It’s grandtastic!!

  • @thestemgamer3346
    @thestemgamer3346 2 года назад +53

    He just won a fields medal for this amazing work. Amazing.

  • @stumccabe
    @stumccabe 5 лет назад +98

    Isn't it great that this genuine genius with a mind the size of a planet, is also a really nice guy with no ego?

    • @maaan8494
      @maaan8494 5 лет назад +8

      Genuinely humbling

    • @jamirimaj6880
      @jamirimaj6880 4 года назад +8

      Scientists and Politicians/Pop Culture Stars are really inversely correlated.

    • @rachidvanheyningen
      @rachidvanheyningen 4 года назад +4

      He was literally talking about being scared of making a fool out of himself... can't have that without an ego (like every single person) :p

    • @holliswilliams8426
      @holliswilliams8426 2 года назад +1

      I have spoken to some mathematicians and physicists who I would consider to be extremely smart and they are almost always very nice and humble with no ego at all, you don't need ego when you can actually back it up.

    • @ciprianteasca7823
      @ciprianteasca7823 2 года назад

      I would have voted...twice for this comment, if possible.

  • @subjectline
    @subjectline 5 лет назад +93

    He's so pleasant to listen to and so happy in his work.

  • @mr.johnson3844
    @mr.johnson3844 5 лет назад +201

    You can almost imagine his desk chair being a large bouncy ball with how he bobs up and down when he's excited. It's adorable.

  • @yairalkon4944
    @yairalkon4944 5 лет назад +45

    I'd love to see more in-depth interviews like this one! Great video and very thought provoking.
    The fact that such definite structures exist in such abstract and general cases absolutely blows my mind!

    • @numberphile
      @numberphile  5 лет назад +12

      I hope you’ve heard the podcast interviews over on Numberphile2, including the one with James Maynard.

    • @yairalkon4944
      @yairalkon4944 5 лет назад +4

      @@numberphile I'll check it out!

  • @abracadabra8501
    @abracadabra8501 5 лет назад +23

    I love how he bounces around all happy when he's explaining things

  • @feiturdrengur2550
    @feiturdrengur2550 5 лет назад +80

    I love his handwriting so much

    • @v3le
      @v3le 4 года назад

      he is left handed

    • @ReconFX
      @ReconFX 4 года назад +1

      @@v3le So am I. Yet my handwriting looks like it was written by satan himself.

    • @shugaroony
      @shugaroony 4 года назад

      @@ReconFX Mine too!

  • @Volvoman90
    @Volvoman90 5 лет назад +6

    Possibly the best handwriting of any mathematician I've ever seen!

  • @williamcollins4049
    @williamcollins4049 5 лет назад +36

    James is a brilliant describer of maths, Will

  • @sephalon1
    @sephalon1 Год назад +3

    This guy has the best penmanship of anyone I've ever seen on Numberphile.

  • @hamiltonianpathondodecahed5236
    @hamiltonianpathondodecahed5236 5 лет назад +227

    at 3:44 the visuals are misleading as π < 22/7 but on the number-line, it is other way around

    • @samharper5881
      @samharper5881 5 лет назад +31

      Spotted that. Got slightly triggered. Checked comments. You made me happy.

    • @donmoore7785
      @donmoore7785 5 лет назад +18

      Yup - Numberphile likes it when you point out errors, so no big deal. But nice to note it.

    • @anticorncob6
      @anticorncob6 5 лет назад

      I didn’t notice that.

    • @theseeker7194
      @theseeker7194 5 лет назад +16

      Did anyone notice at 4:10 it would be 355/113 and not 355/133 ?

    • @nerdlichbynature
      @nerdlichbynature 5 лет назад +1

      @@theseeker7194 just noticed and checked in the comments if I was first 🤷‍♂️

  • @Slarti
    @Slarti Год назад +2

    I think James is fantastic at explaining things and being open about what it's like solving problems.

  • @Wecoc1
    @Wecoc1 5 лет назад +1730

    Every engineer knows pi + e = 6

    • @bunderbah
      @bunderbah 5 лет назад +223

      every engineer knows 6=10

    • @Imthefake
      @Imthefake 5 лет назад +296

      but did you know that pi^2 = g ?

    • @cosmicjenny4508
      @cosmicjenny4508 5 лет назад +177

      +Wecoc1 π = 3 = e

    • @cbongiova
      @cbongiova 5 лет назад +443

      Wecoc1 Every baker knows pi + e = pie

    • @alephnull4044
      @alephnull4044 5 лет назад +74

      @@cosmicjenny4508 This is a really nice elegant proof. All the other proofs I've seen use sophisticated tools from analytic number theory.

  • @IrishEye
    @IrishEye Год назад +1

    I like that you can see him stepping down his understanding of the problem to something that I can understand. Great communicator, great mind.

  • @TimondeNood
    @TimondeNood 5 лет назад +13

    This guy is so passionate about maths, a joy to watch! Thank you & Bravo for the proof!

  • @stephenhicks826
    @stephenhicks826 5 лет назад +5

    James just oozes enthusiasm for his subject - so inspiring. I've only a vague idea of what he has done but still can feel the excitement.

  • @notsecure6855
    @notsecure6855 5 лет назад +5

    Such a likable fellow! And Brady- you did a fantastic job interviewing him. You really made him shine.

  • @boringtofu4433
    @boringtofu4433 5 лет назад +85

    Engineers after watching this video:,
    "π=e=3 is good enough"

  • @CatholicSatan
    @CatholicSatan 5 лет назад +89

    Cracking stuff... and in a much smaller way when I'm writing software and I know the result isn't right, I find myself thinking, in the shower or on a walk to the supermarket, "Ah! I should try this or that." The other day, I woke up suddenly at 5am with the solution to a problem (which on hindsight was obvious) - but did write a note - and fell into a lovely deep sleep for a couple of hours after.

    • @ytalinflusa
      @ytalinflusa 5 лет назад +10

      Awake you are thinking logically and asleep intuitively. Kind of like the difference between CPU and GPU computation. Logic runs a single process and intuition compares many processes for efficiency.

    • @superscatboy
      @superscatboy 5 лет назад +5

      I do my best thinking while I'm pissing. I solve 90% of my difficult problems staring down at a toilet bowl.

    • @王珂-k7d
      @王珂-k7d 5 лет назад +2

      so did you remember the solution in the end? cause I don't remember the dreams very well..

    • @navjotsingh2251
      @navjotsingh2251 5 лет назад +2

      haha, I don't dream at all... I get to a solution after playing a game. So when I'm stuck I'll play COD or Apex or Minecraft and it'll just come to me.

  • @stanstocker8858
    @stanstocker8858 5 лет назад +4

    Congratulations to Drs Koukoulopoulos and Maynard. Thank you for advancing human knowledge, and for inspiring others.

  • @davidgillies620
    @davidgillies620 5 лет назад +333

    When almost all the books on his bookshelves are Springer-Verlag graduate texts you know you're dealing with someone pretty hardcore.

    • @FisicoNuclearCuantico
      @FisicoNuclearCuantico 5 лет назад +1

      Nah.

    • @adrianlowenberg
      @adrianlowenberg 5 лет назад +33

      Almost all, or 90%? ;)

    • @YouLilalas
      @YouLilalas 5 лет назад +29

      In this case, both almost all and almost none because there is a finite amount.

    • @adrianlowenberg
      @adrianlowenberg 5 лет назад +25

      Why almost all then? If you measure it with Lebesgue, then his shelf is almost empty. And with a counting measure, it would not be almost all except if it is indeed all

    • @dfghdfghuytiu8207
      @dfghdfghuytiu8207 5 лет назад +3

      Or pretty rich

  • @bruinflight
    @bruinflight 3 года назад +3

    The last 3 minutes of this interview are absolutely delightful! Wow, what a rush it must be to have such breakthroughs! Thank you for sharing: the inspiration is palpable!

  • @andrewgoff484
    @andrewgoff484 5 лет назад +359

    Now if only we could approximate irrational comments.

    • @rogerkearns8094
      @rogerkearns8094 5 лет назад +7

      Replace the last word with three...

    • @donmoore7785
      @donmoore7785 5 лет назад +1

      Well played.

    • @arminneashrafi2846
      @arminneashrafi2846 5 лет назад +1

      Perfection.

    • @dlevi67
      @dlevi67 5 лет назад +2

      @andy low Yes, but they would be "rational".

    • @ironiusdunn
      @ironiusdunn 5 лет назад +4

      Easy: Select one of "No YOU", "Your mom," or "ur Hitler" and replace entire comment with selection.

  • @davidiverson5928
    @davidiverson5928 2 года назад +4

    Fields Medalist, James Maynard! Totally awesome! Keep doing some of the best math in the world!

  • @nicholasstone1826
    @nicholasstone1826 5 лет назад +7

    Great video. Have this man on as much as possible.

  • @MatthijsvanDuin
    @MatthijsvanDuin 5 лет назад +14

    12:56 Note that since ε_i (shown on screen as E_i) was earlier defined to be the actual error bound, the corresponding test would actually be that Σ φ(q_i) ε_i needs to diverge, without dividing by q_i. The division by q_i is done in this article because they were also dividing by q_i in the error bound.

    • @andrewchambers2941
      @andrewchambers2941 5 лет назад +2

      Yes - I worked through the maths using the given formula and ended up disproving Dirichlet's Approximation Theory [which has stood for around 150 years] - so I knew something had gone wrong! As you say, you don't need the extra divide by q_i because this is already incorporated in the given ε_i.

  • @danielrhouck
    @danielrhouck 5 лет назад +6

    1:25
    But e is actually really easy to get farther! 2.7 1828 1828 45 90 45. You already know the 2.71828 part; you just need to repeat "1828" for another four digits. Then 45, then twice 45 is 90, then 45 again.
    No clue what comes after that, but that much is easy.

  • @dbell95008
    @dbell95008 2 года назад +1

    This was a great video, and I'll add my congratulations to James Maynard!
    One glitch that I paused to verify though, is around 4:10, the second "silver bullet".
    Should of course, be 355/113 - my favorite approximation.
    "First three odd (positive) integers, each duplicated once, arranged as a fraction close to 3"

  • @JM-us3fr
    @JM-us3fr 5 лет назад +228

    Play the video on mute, and listen to bumping music. James Maynard's head will bounce to the music regardless of the song.

    • @U014B
      @U014B 5 лет назад +8

      Something something "Guile's Theme goes with everything"

    • @JorgetePanete
      @JorgetePanete 5 лет назад

      Disco

    • @codycast
      @codycast 5 лет назад +9

      15:56 just before the beat drops

    • @agiar2000
      @agiar2000 5 лет назад +7

      Can we prove that, for an arbitrary choice of music...? 😉

    • @just_a_rock
      @just_a_rock 5 лет назад +1

      The new dancing ninja .gif, finally.

  • @hewhomustnotbenamed5912
    @hewhomustnotbenamed5912 5 лет назад +71

    OK so he is now a part of the main Numberphile guests, right?

  • @Mutual_Information
    @Mutual_Information 2 года назад +13

    It’s not everyday you come across a Field Medalist who can explain, in simple terms, their Field Medal-winning work.

  • @jayamitra4656
    @jayamitra4656 5 лет назад +8

    Love the James Maynard uploads!

  • @leiolevan9527
    @leiolevan9527 2 года назад +4

    Congratulation for your Fields medal James !

  • @BartDooper
    @BartDooper 5 лет назад +4

    This idea and the way of thinking by checking with prime numbers and investigation of geometric base values is brilliant. You can't mess that up :)

  • @MrKrupp42
    @MrKrupp42 5 лет назад +4

    Superb video, I could listen to James Maynard all day, thanks for the video

  • @monglold
    @monglold 5 лет назад +1

    Love how excited and passionate he is about what he does, must be the best job in the world for him

  • @ragnkja
    @ragnkja 5 лет назад +401

    At least one out of e+pi and e•pi is transcendental, but we can’t even prove which one.

    • @hopp2184
      @hopp2184 5 лет назад +28

      Nillie Do you have proof that we can’t prove it?

    • @Magnetonstor
      @Magnetonstor 5 лет назад +80

      @@hopp2184 Do you have a proof why we need a prove to prove that we cant prove it?

    • @ragnkja
      @ragnkja 5 лет назад +170

      Hopp
      Ok, “can’t” was bad phrasing on my part. Rather, we can prove that at least one of them has to be transcendental very easily, but nobody has been able to prove that either of them is definitely (or definitely not) transcendental.

    • @unvergebeneid
      @unvergebeneid 5 лет назад +71

      However for some reason, if someone with the answer put a gun to my head and forced me to choose between algebraic and transcendental for either one, I'd only feel mildly nervous about picking "transcendental."

    • @effuah
      @effuah 5 лет назад +6

      @UCXvl0QTbElub-bZq_S5gMPw yeah could be both and it's likely, but we currently don't know

  • @Calcprof
    @Calcprof Год назад +1

    R. J. Duffin was an incredible advisor. to work for. I once asked him how he and Scheffer came up with this conjecture. He said something like "what else could it be?"

  • @bloergk
    @bloergk 5 лет назад +5

    My favourite Brady Number is 73857, it's almost palindromic but not quite leading you to ponder on how similar 3 and 5 are (or aren't), yet circumscribing that dilemma between a comforting safety padding of 7s (the most common number people ascribe mystical significance to), all neatly orbiting around a beautiful cubic symmetric 8...

  • @blazetube80
    @blazetube80 5 лет назад +16

    Probably the most beautiful hand drawn Pi I've ever seen. Now I feel bad for my own numerical calligraphy.

  • @chirayu_jain
    @chirayu_jain 5 лет назад +6

    *THE LEGEND IS BACK*

    • @shambosaha9727
      @shambosaha9727 5 лет назад +1

      You again!
      (I also watch bprp and Dr πm)

  • @mrmathematik4799
    @mrmathematik4799 5 лет назад +1

    Hi everyone, has anybody an idea how to solve this problem?
    Let a(n) be recursively defined by a(1)=0, a(2)=2, a(3)=3 and a(n)=maximum(a(d)•a(n-d)) (where 0

  • @johnchessant3012
    @johnchessant3012 2 года назад +5

    who's here again after James Maynard has won the 2022 Fields medal for proving this conjecture?

  • @johncanfield1177
    @johncanfield1177 5 лет назад +1

    When I worked for a lumber company, the in-house woodworker was using 22/7 (3.142857...) for pi, and forced to make all sorts of compromises on his measurements to approximate values. He knew I was into math and asked me to find a 'shop value' for pi. I came up with 3-9/64 (3.140625--no dots!), and found it was accurate (just slightly over) to about 8 feet circumferences. This was ideal for him, as he worked mostly on smaller wood-shop projects. He loved it. I present here knowing that there is no new thing under the sun--someone must have thought of this decades ago!

    • @johncanfield1177
      @johncanfield1177 5 лет назад

      BTW, 3.141593-3.140625 = 0.000968 under (for 3-9/64), while 3.142857-3.141593 = 0.001264 (22/7) over, so for these lower ranges, the shop value is more accurate than 22/7.

    • @peterfireflylund
      @peterfireflylund 2 года назад

      @@johncanfield1177 355/113.

  • @fantiscious
    @fantiscious 2 года назад +3

    "I get this fear that I'm about to completely embarrass myself by putting a plus instead of a minus somewhere"
    This guy knows my exact fear on a math exam

  • @neilgerace355
    @neilgerace355 Год назад +1

    A sound proof is a thing of beauty and a joy forever.
    - my high school maths teacher

  • @braytongoodall2598
    @braytongoodall2598 5 лет назад +56

    Let’s start calling convergants to the irrational numbers “silver bullets” now!

  • @sciencmath
    @sciencmath Год назад +1

    Dude won the Field's medal. Don't think he needs to worry about his reputation.

  • @PopeLando
    @PopeLando 5 лет назад +4

    4:09 the correct approximation is 355/113, not 133. The animator didn't know the easy way to remember it : take the first 3 odd numbers and double them up, thus: 113355. Split this list in two, and put the first half underneath the second half: 355/113 = 3.1415920... (pi~3.14159265...)

  • @RachelOaktree
    @RachelOaktree 5 лет назад +1

    Dang, that handwriting and that crisp fresh sharpie are really lovely

  • @AdityakrishnaMr
    @AdityakrishnaMr 5 лет назад +46

    This guy literally solved a problem i can't even understand properly! >.

    • @kindlin
      @kindlin 5 лет назад +8

      Let me work backwards through brute force a really small (but still annoying if you had to figure out by hand) example, and I maybe this will help you (and the 18 other people that also liked your comment) understand better:
      Let's try and find the lowest errors that would be acceptable if we wanted to approximate *pi* with the following set of (5) denominators: (q1, q2, q3, q4, q5) = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). I'll round the maximum error to the nearest integer.
      To do this I set up a quick spreadsheet to divide every number from 1 to 30 (because 30 > pi*qmax). I then minus pi from each approximation and see which is closest for each numerator, a. The following a's yield the best approximation with the (unsigned) exact error and the integer rounded error (you can copy much of this into google if you want to check it out):
      a1=3, pi-3/1=0.14159... -> 1/(pi-3/1) = 7.0625.... or an maximum error of E1 = 1/7.
      a2=6, pi-6/2=0.14159... -> 1/(pi-6/2) = 7.0625..., E2 = 1/7.
      a3=9, pi-9/3=0.14159... -> 1/(pi-9/3) = 7.0625..., E3 = 1/7.
      a4=13, pi-13/4=0.1084... -> 1/(pi-13/4) = 9.224..., E4 = 1/9.
      a5=16, pi-16/5=0.0584... -> 1/(pi-16/5) = 17.121..., E5 = 1/17.
      So, if you input into his 'simple formula':
      (q1, q2, q3, q4, q5) = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
      and any set of E's equal to or less than:
      1/(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5) = 1/(7, 7, 7, 9, 17)
      then you'll get a WORKS, and you can, as shown above, approximate the given irrational to less than some error E associated with each q.
      If you wanted to associated the irrational *pi* to a higher precision than E5=1/17, say E5=1/100, the test would FAIL. You can not approximate it that well (or even 1/18th well).
      Hope this helps!!

    • @nenwah3974
      @nenwah3974 5 лет назад

      @@kindlin what is the "simple formula", can you explain please? thankyou

    • @kindlin
      @kindlin 5 лет назад

      @@nenwah3974
      That's actually my biggest question from this video. He keeps saying 'its a simple fomula' but then never shows it or talks about it, not even once. I have a feeling that it's not "simple" in the way that most of are thinking. It's probably quite complicated, I mean, listen to this guy, but relative to some of the craziness that modern math has been putting together in the last half century, it might be relatively plug and play. Once you know your q's and a's, just follow the process and out spits your answer.
      Other examples of mathematics that become very complicated very fast are anything involving complex integrals, half of the basis of calculus. If the equation isn't very simple or is nonlinear (like the navier stokes equation, look up that cluster of variables if you want your brain to start frying), you'll never get exact answers and can only approximate an answer. Or, modern particle physics with so many mathematical hoops to jump through I don't even know where to begin. So, yes, it might be relatively simple, but obviously not simple enough for a quick youtube vid.

  • @DukeEllision329
    @DukeEllision329 2 года назад +1

    Congratulations on winning the Nobel prize! I don't know how I missed the news.

  • @theb1rd
    @theb1rd 5 лет назад +4

    Very good questions, Brady - great interview

  • @ahobimo732
    @ahobimo732 4 года назад +1

    This is such a wonderful area of mathematics. I find this stuff endlessly fascinating.

  • @Kowzorz
    @Kowzorz 5 лет назад +151

    I wonder what the border between "yes" and "no" looks like in input space.

    • @Kowzorz
      @Kowzorz 5 лет назад +4

      @@samgraf7496 I feel like that is the right line of thought. I imagined something akin to a hamiltonian modeling phase space. But I'm already so fuzzy on what exactly that would entail.

    • @matthewcarlson1748
      @matthewcarlson1748 5 лет назад +1

      Mabye

    • @MrMctastics
      @MrMctastics 5 лет назад +2

      Sam Graf the rigorus way to define what infentesimals are is by creating a number system where each number is an infinite sequence of rational numbers. I bet you could make that an intuitive way to look at the input space with some minor modifications. The space looks like the number line except you can zoom in at each point of the number line to find a new number line. You can repeat the same thing on the new number line to find an even more zoomed in number line.

    • @NoobLord98
      @NoobLord98 5 лет назад +3

      Probably incredibly fractal.

    • @JorgetePanete
      @JorgetePanete 5 лет назад +1

      @@MrMctastics infinitesimals*

  • @Fregmazors
    @Fregmazors 4 года назад

    You can tell this guy has an enormous world of information in his head. He sees mathematics in a way that very very few humans are capable of.

  • @wiktor5719
    @wiktor5719 5 лет назад +6

    That pi is so perfect at 1:30

  • @piyushdamor4826
    @piyushdamor4826 2 года назад

    Congratulations man you are now officially a great mathematician .

  • @garrick3727
    @garrick3727 3 года назад +3

    Little known fact: James Maynard is also famous for providing the video capture used to create the head bob effect in first-person video games.

  • @athSarge
    @athSarge 4 года назад

    I like the enthusiasm in his voice. Because approximation problems are very interesting.

  • @ryanoftinellb
    @ryanoftinellb 5 лет назад +54

    1:25 the next bit is 1828 again. Should be easy to remember.

    • @zockertwins
      @zockertwins 5 лет назад +24

      And then follow the 3 corners of a right triangle: 45 90 45

    • @alephnull4044
      @alephnull4044 5 лет назад +5

      @@zockertwins Yeah it's just uncanny tbh

    • @hamiltonianpathondodecahed5236
      @hamiltonianpathondodecahed5236 5 лет назад +2

      @@alephnull4044 hi infinity

    • @alephnull4044
      @alephnull4044 5 лет назад +1

      @@hamiltonianpathondodecahed5236 hi

    • @dario-viva
      @dario-viva 5 лет назад +2

      @@zockertwins thank you a lot, I now know 16 digits of e.
      and as i live near basel, the town leonhard euler lived, my goal now is to also know 24 digits. (euler knew 24)

  • @dmcdouga07
    @dmcdouga07 5 лет назад +1

    Well done Brady in explaining such a complicated topic with the helpful graphics!

  • @michkenot0
    @michkenot0 5 лет назад +83

    At 4mn appears an approximation of PI defiling as 355/133
    This is wrong and instead it is 355/113 (you wrote 133 instead of 113)

    • @Maharani1991
      @Maharani1991 5 лет назад +1

      +

    • @superscatboy
      @superscatboy 5 лет назад +16

      355/133 is also an approximation of pi... it's just a terrible one :)

    • @michkenot0
      @michkenot0 5 лет назад +1

      @@superscatboy LoL

    • @michkenot0
      @michkenot0 5 лет назад +2

      You made this mistake as a test to check if people followed carefully enough... :)

    • @dario-viva
      @dario-viva 5 лет назад

      how could he!
      Zu Chongzhi would turn in his grave.

  • @alokaggarwal6859
    @alokaggarwal6859 3 года назад

    Thanks!

  • @ArupRoy_fromPlanetEarth
    @ArupRoy_fromPlanetEarth 5 лет назад +6

    3:42 ...Brady got it wrong ....... 22/7 will be on the other side of "PI"

  • @gorlaxthethicc5556
    @gorlaxthethicc5556 5 лет назад +2

    That first pi (1:28) is a work of art.

  • @kenhaley4
    @kenhaley4 5 лет назад +4

    At 4:09 the anmimation shows 355/133 as an approximation for pi. It should be 355/113 (which is amazingly close to the actual value of pi). Did anyone else notice?

    • @teacherhaggis6945
      @teacherhaggis6945 2 года назад

      Yes, I did notice and it jarred because it blemished an otherwise faultless video.

  • @balaalalaslk
    @balaalalaslk 5 лет назад +1

    You can choose an arbitrary number of numbers and fraction.
    The reason he gives examples of this squared and Fibonacci or whatever is because you need an infinite series and those usually have functions.
    If you write 1/(2^n) for n= 1,2,3,4... that is much easier than just coming up over and over again with a new number.

  • @danielpetka446
    @danielpetka446 5 лет назад +36

    2:20 *laughs in engineer*

  • @fredriksk21
    @fredriksk21 2 года назад +1

    This man just won a Fields medal.. Congratulations!

  • @anshusingh1493
    @anshusingh1493 5 лет назад +8

    When
    CONJECTURE BECOMES THEOREM ,HAPPINESS BECOMES ECSTASY....CHEERS JAMES MAYNARD🙂

  • @wizard1370
    @wizard1370 5 лет назад +1

    Yes I've been waiting for this!!!

  • @gabrielthompson9800
    @gabrielthompson9800 5 лет назад +35

    4:10 That's supposed to say 355/113 not 355/133

  • @grainfrizz
    @grainfrizz 5 лет назад

    I can feel he's very happy about it and proud. Well done. All the best.

  • @poznyakpoznyak
    @poznyakpoznyak 5 лет назад +4

    3:43 but 22/7 is actually greater than п, so it should be slightly on the right

    • @espenkristoffersen4887
      @espenkristoffersen4887 4 года назад +1

      I was about to write the same, but then I found your comment.

    • @Typical.Anomaly
      @Typical.Anomaly 3 года назад

      @@espenkristoffersen4887 ...and another year later I went on a quest for a similar comment!

  • @namanlambat4581
    @namanlambat4581 Год назад +2

    There is a mistake made in approximating pi on the timestamp 4:10. It should be 355/113 not 355/133

  • @diaz6874
    @diaz6874 5 лет назад +85

    2:19
    *Engineering intensifies*

    • @BlackXGamer1202
      @BlackXGamer1202 5 лет назад +12

      sin x = x

    • @Imthefake
      @Imthefake 5 лет назад +5

      that's wrong, pi is exactly equal to 3

    • @recklessroges
      @recklessroges 5 лет назад +7

      Pi =~ 4, so lets say it equals 10 to be safe.

    • @dlevi67
      @dlevi67 5 лет назад

      @@recklessroges That depends on whether Pi is in the numerator or denominator. You may want Pi = 1 to be safe.

    • @guiselic
      @guiselic 5 лет назад

      Nice joke you just typed on your extremely cheap electronic device.

  • @IdeasAboveStation
    @IdeasAboveStation 4 года назад +1

    Love this guy! An obviously great mind with great presentation and overflowing with enthusiasm

  • @DrKaspertje
    @DrKaspertje 5 лет назад +5

    e is easy-ish to remember. 2.7 1828 1828 459045
    The 1828 bit is duplicated, and 45-90-45 are the angles inside an isosceles right triangle

  • @siten1
    @siten1 5 лет назад +2

    1:30 that pi is literally perfect!

  • @gregbrooks7102
    @gregbrooks7102 5 лет назад +29

    First, within an arbitrarily small approximation

  • @chiragadwani1875
    @chiragadwani1875 5 лет назад

    16:43 best description of every math problem ever.

  • @TheRealGuywithoutaMustache
    @TheRealGuywithoutaMustache 5 лет назад +24

    Ah! Mathematics. My biggest weakness, but that’s why I’m here to learn more about it.

    • @randomdude9135
      @randomdude9135 5 лет назад +2

      I love the fact the the anime guy in your pfp is moustache less while your name's otherwise.

    • @pacoonglet2384
      @pacoonglet2384 5 лет назад

      Me too

    • @trogdorstrngbd
      @trogdorstrngbd 5 лет назад

      @@randomdude9135 Look again!

  • @Slarti
    @Slarti Год назад +2

    Back in 1986 when I did my Maths O level when calculators were not allowed in exams I would use 22/7 for Pi.

  • @ianprado1488
    @ianprado1488 5 лет назад +7

    My shower thoughts are arguments against flat earthers.
    His shower thoughts will win him the Fields Metal.

  • @kugelblitzingularity304
    @kugelblitzingularity304 4 года назад +2

    I like how mathematicians literally just sit there and think to come up with new laws, theorems and conjectures. All math requires is brainpower.

  • @professor_steelbottom
    @professor_steelbottom 5 лет назад +19

    One way to remember the first digits of e is to think of the president Andrew Jackson. He was elected twice (2), he was the (7)th president, and he was first elected in (1828). Let's add a second (1828) to commemorate his second term. 2.718281828...

    • @hopp2184
      @hopp2184 5 лет назад +2

      tromoff the next 6 digits are easy to memorise too. Think of a triangle with the angles 45, 90, 45. The next 6 digits are 459045

    • @Alex_Deam
      @Alex_Deam 5 лет назад +9

      Okay, now just gimme a way to memorise facts about Andrew Jackson and I'm sorted lol

    • @coopergates9680
      @coopergates9680 5 лет назад

      e ~= 49171 / 18089 ~= (1731 - 384 * pi) / 193
      Heck, the simple fraction's still nearer lol

  • @kashnigahbaruda
    @kashnigahbaruda 4 года назад

    Finally a left hander with good hand writing.

  • @mimzim7141
    @mimzim7141 5 лет назад +49

    1:33 that reverse writing of "4"

    • @aka5
      @aka5 5 лет назад +3

      that's unnatural

    • @recklessroges
      @recklessroges 5 лет назад +7

      That's how a genius writes 4.

    • @alexismiller2349
      @alexismiller2349 5 лет назад

      sources?

    • @wierdalien1
      @wierdalien1 5 лет назад +2

      @@aka5 thats how I write 4. It is easier and looks clearly not like a 9.

    • @vivafeverfifa2524
      @vivafeverfifa2524 5 лет назад +2

      @@wierdalien1 I think he meant complete reverse of the usual way of writing a 4 - as in the stroke first, then the "L" *from the bottom to the top* . Dunno if being left-handed matters, but as a right-hander I find it fiddly to write it this way.

  • @moroccangeographer8993
    @moroccangeographer8993 4 года назад +2

    3:42 Isn't this illustration a bit inaccurate, since 22/7 is actually larger than π, not smaller?

  • @curtiswfranks
    @curtiswfranks 5 лет назад +10

    So many yellow books behind him. (That is how we know that he is an actual mathematician)

  • @michaelbeda410
    @michaelbeda410 3 года назад

    Very impressive - I can follow most of Numberphile examples and have that "Aah got it" moment but this one is way over my head. Guy is a genius.