On an atomic level, temperature is created by the atomic structure vibrating. This vibration is caused by all particles in the material vibrating with electromagnetic and nuclear forces. This phenomenon is most visible when atoms slow down their "spin", or internal energy, the closer they reach absolute zero. Since there are two materials with different thermodynamic properties but similar electromagnetic properties, the electrons can be shared easily between the two materials while still maintaining two different specific heat capacities. Once an voltage is applied to the two materials the electrons can flow to the material that they are attracted to. This will cause the vibrating electrons to leave one material the void of the electrons while the other material gains the vibrating electrons. This lack of vibrating electrons is what causes the electron deficient material to drop in temperature while the electron rich material has many vibrating electrons on it increasing its temperature. This is why changing the voltage will cause the electrons to travel to the opposite material but having the same phenomenon. The difference in voltage between the two materials creates a difference between the electron density between the two materials which then causes a difference in the thermal reservoirs between the two materials. This temperature drop is what allows heat to travel across the materials and electrons do not carry any of the heat themselves.
Wow this cool dude. I liked when you mentioned electron voids create the "cool side." I've heard people say temperature is a measure of entropy which is an average of movement- am I right? Also, how is that converted into C or F? Why don't we just call it average speed?
Please forgive me if I sound dumb but I wanted to ask a question, since the electrons are vibrating and gaining heat, will they eventually change states?
@@spacejunky4380 Entropy could be the defined as the flow of heat between two thermal reservoirs, but this thermometric effect is what causes the difference in thermal reservoirs in the first place so there are several systems working in this example. You would need to define your system in order to define where the heat was flowing to define your average heat flow or flux. Degrees of temperature is a measurement of the material and not a amount of energy, it is a scalar value. Since heat is an amount of energy that travels in a system and not a measurement of a material property it can not be converted into a temperature. The reason it isn't a speed is because speed is also a measurement of a specific value like temperature. Heat flux has a rate and direction associated with it.
@@chunguskhan5327 I'm not sure about that but I know for sure if it does change states it'll need a super high temperature in order for that to happen.
@Ryan Green Mass of an electron is negligibly small compared to atoms in crystal lattice... Normally heat is generated in a conductor when flowing electrons collide with atoms. Successive collision results in large momentum transfer thus atoms will more likely to vibrate with larger amplitude. Vibrating atoms which has more mass than vibrating electron is responsible for heat generation in a conductor. Secondly, If electron void is created then it'll get occupied by another electron bcoz of closed circuit connection... And if electron voids are d reason for cooling on one side, then a conductor having positive static charges also has electron voids.. why wouldn't that cool?
Linus tech tips posts a video "Bad cooling ideas" and features peltier devices. I watch the video and go "huh, wonder how these things work". Literally 5 seconds after that - notification from electroBOOM, new video :D
A Peltier module consists of two unique semiconductors, one n-type and one p-type, which are used because they need to have different electron densities. The alternating p and n-type semiconductor pillars are placed thermally in parallel to each other and electrically in series and then joined with a thermally conducting plate on each side, usually ceramic removing the need for a separate insulator (Jamakandi et al., 2020), when a voltage is applied to the free ends of the two semiconductors there is a flow of DC current across the junction of the semiconductors causing a temperature difference. As the electrons travels from P type material to N type material, the electrons hop to the higher energy state hence absorbing thermal energy (cold side). Then as the electrons travel from N type material to P type material, the electrons drop to the lower energy state and hence, dissipating thermal energy (hot side)to the surrounding environment. The higher is the rate of dissipation of heat, the cooler it gets inside the chamber (cold side of Peltier module) and increasing the efficiency of the cooling module proportionally (Badgujar et al., 2015).
Yup they are made of bismuth and indium doped lead telluride. In fact they are the biggest use of tellurium metal. Some newer ones are made of tin selenide which works a bit better for higher temperatures.❤
Yeah, I saw him assembling this and went "bro... fingers don't go back and even when they're sewn back on they never work as well as they used to. Put it down....."
I think he does this in purpose for some sort of comedic effect.... It freaks me out too though.. I feel confident in the joke because he has all his fingers .... If built stuff like that all the time... Eventually you'd be missing digits.
@@notsam498 He certainly does it for comedic effect to great success. At 7:40 I had to pause and go back. Starts a cut with drill/jigsaw? Takes the blade off a hacksaw, sticks it thru the hole then reattaches the handle to finish the cut? Lmao
I want to scream to Mehdi "Angle grinders are always a two handed tool dammit!" 😬 I have actually seen the result of an one-handed angle grinder suddenly "bite". The hand is holding on but reaction times are too slow to compensate, it simply rotates with grinder. The cutting wheel struck his face slightly diagonal just missed the nose but hit the mouth. Split the top lip in half, took chunks of gums and broke front teeths. He got away with a stern warning from Mother nature and Father physics I'd say.
I did the crash course in peltier units too haha. I had a small water cooled compressor and used a 8 peltier blocks with individual fans an a aluminium block milled to carry the water through an chill it. Turned out pretty neat. I used a 15 am buck down for my supply and found the most efficient supply an it worked fabulous.
@@femcel101Technically, yes. However a peltier is very inefficient and creates a lot of heat by itself therefore you will need a much larger heatsink with a peltier than you would without one. Peltier cooling a PC only really makes sense for extreme overclocking.
@@oliverer3Could also go with liquid nitrogen for cooling. In any case, the solutions available for cooling a laptop are poor compared to what's available to desktops.
yeah...I took a monster heatsink out of an old computer and attached the TEC where the processor would normally go, then hooked the tec and the fan from the same computer up in series to a 20v laptop power supply... I'm sure if i'd had a touch more voltage, it woudl have froze over, but it was fascinating watching it pull water out of the air, lol
Linus: Thermoelectric cooling is a bad idea Electroboom: Hold my 120V AC Edit: Wow thanks for the heart!! Btw i think i found a new way of charging my phone! I can even use a wireless charging pad for maximum inefficiency!
Once get slaped badly by several dongleing wires wraped up by a running angle grinder, almost snaped my pinky finger, took months to fully recover, angle grinders are NO JOKE.
@@Bud55 Nope, it's usually ABS, same plastic the TAZ normally uses. luckuz4467 might be thinking of PLA, which isn't a very high-temp-tolerant material.
I just thought I’d mention, TEC coolers are widely used within astrophotography for cooling camera sensors down to reduce thermal noise. It’s really common and they’re great. The main issue that’s showcased here, is the fact they cool *really* quickly, which can be a problem with icing over a sensor window.
@@taktuscat4250 Yep, pretty much all cameras firmware does this automatically and software does incase the camera doesn’t have it built it - so it’s only a problem with extremely high humidity, which I’ve actually experienced
Can the TEC coolers be used to make a universal thermal cooling fan a laptop? My GPU goes to 87 °C on Max load. I'm just looking for a cheaper rig to lower my costs!
The way I understand it is that the current through the different conductors causes electrons associated with atoms to accumulate at junctions where current passes from conductor A to conductor B, while free electrons and atoms with spaces for electrons (holes) accumulate at junctions where current passes from conductor B to conductor A. Where associated electrons accumulate, equilibrium causes the rate of dissociation of electrons from atoms to be higher than the rate of association of electrons to atoms. Since electrons absorb energy when they dissociate, there is a net absorption of energy at that junction and it becomes colder. Likewise, at junctions where free electrons and atoms that can accept electrons (holes) accumulate, electrons will associate with atoms faster than they dissociate. This releases energy, causing the junction to heat up. As electrons flow one way through the circuit, the holes "flow" the opposite way, resulting in an accumulation of both at certain junctions and a deficit of both at other junctions. I believe this is only possible when one conductor has more holes than the other and vice versa for free electrons in the other conductor (ie: conductor A is rich in holes and conductor B is rich in free electrons). This is a confusing topic, and one I don't fully understand myself. There are some great explanations on a forum by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign titled "Q & A: How can the Peltier effect work?" I hope this helps if you were curious!
@@kimjungun4648 I'm glad you found my comment helpful! If you haven't seen it already, the pinned comment (by Tech Ingredients) on this video links to another very comprehensive explanation of the Peltier effect. Although, his explanation is different from the way I understand it from what I've read.
If this explanation were complete you could only heat/cool on microscopic timescales as an equilibrium between thermodynamic effects and the potential created by the charges would quickly be established similar to a space charge region in a p-n-junction.
@@InskayDanork I'll be honest, I don't understand a lot of what you wrote. My original comment was my best understanding of what I found on the forum I mentioned. I am neither a physicist nor an electrical engineer, so there are parts to it I'm not sure I've interpreted correctly. Additionally the pinned comment I mentioned in my previous reply offers a much more elegant explanation of the effect; one which makes more sense to me. Please, if you have any corrections for anything I've said I'd be more than willing to listen. I am, after all, only interested in accurately understanding this effect.
@@gagandeepk.v.145 How well would a pump work? This setup is restricting flow after all so maybe a pump could move the air better I guess that might be taking it further than he wants to though, not as simple and probably not as fast
The reason your fan assembly didn’t result in a higher output is because you are pumping air INTO the system instead of continuing to draw the heat down away from the system. If the fan blades had been pushing hot air down, rather than cold air up into the fins, the low pressure air gaps between the fins would induct more cold air from the surrounding environment into the area where the heat is being dissipated from. This is essentially low pressure vacuum tech
hi , when im providing 6v with voltage regulator, its only taking 3 volt, but not more than that, even if im increasing it, it taking same 3 to 4v load, tell me how to provide higher volt to the device
I've thought about that as well. It might just be a natural way of things. Technology evolves and maybe in some not far time in the future we would see some economically viable thermal solutions based on Peltje elements, and people would be already aware of that tech. Imo, thats unlikely to be a "commercial" for it. Either way, we enjoy both Mehdi's and Linus's content, so whatever (:
Medhi, I live in south Texas where temperatures regularly clear 110F, and our greatest threat here is not cold, but actually dying from heat. Hence we spend breathtaking amounts of money and resources down here fighting back against the tremendous heat load. Other complicating factors are that as a society we do not build our cities with any consideration for passive or natural cooling, relying purely on the electrical grid. Also, I am told by HVAC engineers, that our universal building code is only written to handle 90F to pass C of O, resulting in new buildings failing our performance requirements by 15-25F. Add to that, the compressor-run AC which is our standard weapon is incredibly inefficient, as it must take electricity to turn all its various parts and move things around that don't even produce cooling. Then there is the compounding effect, as the more compressor driven ACs we have in use in hot places, the more we concentrate the heat yet further for the entire region (and the world of course). The Peltier device is one of our great hopes in this fight, because the transformation from raw heat (which we are dying in) to electricity that can then power secondary cooling devices is so much more direct, with no moving pieces.It also has the profound advantage of taking heat (which we need less of) and producing cool (which we need more of) without a waste stream of heat being blown out of 1.5 million windows. The problem (as Robert Murray Smith pointed out), is that they are cumulatively far too expensive to be viable in any great application as they now exist. What we need is an entire second roof of Peltier, which takes the blazing heat differential (absorbing the first volley of heat of direct sun), and converting this into voltage which can then run electrical cooling devices. (more direct and with higher yield--we hope--than taking the usable light through a solar cell and processing it into electricity then used for cooling...again, with heat exhaust.) We need a FAR more cost effective solution--10'x10' Peltiers, Peltiers the size of train stations and Wal-Mart roofs and Coca Cola plants--in order to stop the cycle of heating-for-cooling we currently practice.
I have seen panels that radiate heat into space using IR. Cover your roof with those with a layer of TECs underneath. Would be cool if it would actually work.
the strange thing about women is that they always need everything super hot, be it showers, hearing, beds.. But they will happily be half naked in sub zero temperatures if they think it looks good.
the explanation of (how moving electrons through a thermocouple pumps heat) is: in order to have thermocouple u should have two different material wires and they should have different numbers of electrons orbiting the nucleus at different orbits (say 3rd for wire 1 and 6th for wire 2)..and the wires are jointed at their ends when u apply heat to the junction u r actually releases different amount of electrons from both wires and due to that difference u get the voltage difference and that is what we r using to measure temperature.. But.... when u apply voltage u r forcing the electrons to flow through the thermocouple and that is causing electrons from lower energy levels orbit to oscillate at higher energy orbits and vice versa. then an electron with its own energy is now orbiting at (Say) 3rd orbit and u put him to orbit at 6th orbit with its same amount of energy, it will oscillate much slower and the opposite will happen if an electron came from 6th orbit to 3rd... now we knew that due to applying voltage we ill make some electrons oscillate faster and the other oscillate slower and that movement is what we are sensing or detecting as heat ( higher oscillation means high temp. and vice versa).. i hope that could clarify something
3:18 , I dont exactly know with a lot of details , just thought of sharing it. Actually whenever we talk about heat energy , it is basically a modified form of kinetic energy. For example imagine an adiabetic process with a moveable piston on the top of a cylinder containing a gas (or just normal air). If the piston is pushed inside, the temperature of the temperature of the air rises amd it becomes hotter. At the same time it is observed due to less volume available , the frequency of atoms colliding with walls of cylinder increases which increases the pressure resulting in increased speed therefore higher kinetic energy. The complete opposite happens in vice versa, piston is moved a little outwards, it cools the gas and it has less kinetic energy. Consider another example is heating any solid, atoms of solids are quite close to each other, so if we heat the solid, its atom vibrates and the oscillations contain kinetic energy. So basically heat energy is a result of kinetic energy and vice versa. In other words these both forms of energy are almost the same. So saying that electrons carry heat as they move is just another way of saying they have kinetic energy. I might be a little wrong though but as far as I remember what I studied , I just thought it might be helpful to someone. If you find anything wrong, please correct me.
Interesting, but heat transfer in solids (metal) is made possible by moving free electrons. Only a negleable percent is due to actual molecules vibrations. So the reason thermocouples work is this fact
He does a lot for his patreons unlike others who just milk them for money. That says a lot about the kind of person he is and his mindset. That's how you grow a loyal community. Kudos to this guy.🙏
This is very true. Take, for instance, technology connections. He’s recently hidden the dollar amount he receives, likely because he’s getting slightly embarrassed. Before he did that, I noticed he was drawing well over 120K a year from Patreon alone, never mind money from views. Medhi here regularly buys bench power supplies, scopes etc just to give away.
This one's for me. So the Seeback and Peltier effect works in the same way as a solar panel is like an LED. Heat is typically radiated using photons, which are emitted by any object of a certain temperature (blackbody radiation). As heat is just an amount of kinetic energy, the photons give energy to electrons, causing them to drift. The electrons, now higher energy, have a velocity. The voltage potential then counteracts this velocity, resulting in the momentum of the electron being transferred to the other conductors atoms, and the energy is absorbed by the other conductor, causing one to cool down and the other to heat up.
Oh, so for dumbass like me. Volatage acts like a stimulator for electrons - it gies them bigger capacity and allows them to dicipate heat along, py passing to another particles along wire? Is it like catching heat from photons and throwing it away?
Thank you very much. I had bought a peltier module when I was about 10, before COVID. I used it for few days, and then broke it to see how this magic works. But as I was in secondary school, I couldnot understand that, and thought that it's just some super intellectual scientist's level stuff. But now as I am starting my class 11, I understood it from your explanation. Once again, thank you. I am going to buy another one, but with the understanding of how it works.
@@laurinneff4304 I'm not typing any more after this but if you *read* what I have typed, you wont see any trace of me calling this a 'Health and Safety Channel' anywhere. I observed a *lack* of H&S. _....Yawn
I love this -- great video! Can I suggest using a thermotransfer epoxy product like ArticSilver(tm) instead of thermal-paste. I think will provide better heat transfer and at the same time adhere the parts together. Also, possibly a closed-cell foam material as insulation -- styrofoam(tm) maybe. One last thing... not sure if you know but you can stack the peltier thermoelectric panels to improve their effect (get more temperature differences). Odd... your wife unit has the same problem with cold feet as mine... they sort of like human peltier devices. Scientific Solution: Place a small electric blanket on her side of the bed between upper sheet and blanket from her knees downward. Based on the Seebeck effect she should then generate high voltage... sparking, etc.
In material, there are two ways of conducting heat, the first is by harmonic vibration of atoms (phonon) and mostly by charge carrier (either delocalised electron or hole). the charge carrier concentration determines whether material act as insulator, semiconductor or well conductor. A conductor is bad for a thermoelectric device, why? because thermal conductivity will also be high (Wiedemann-Franz law) which makes heat source and heat sink temperature promptly homogenise. What you want is a very good electrical conductor (good charge pump) but the very bad thermal conductor. Which is a dilemma since thermal conduction also related to charge-carrier concentration and related to, well electrical conductivity. that's why at the moment, the efficiency of a thermoelectric device is quite low. And with the electrical current flow, there is irreversible Joule heating (current square*electrical resistance), that's why you observe an increase of temperature of both sides. But Seebeck coefficient of the material/device (dV/dT) makes the temperature gradient stay the same as long as the voltage maintained. Maybe, use high voltage but low current to minimise Joule heating? (of course, the refrigeration will slow down as well. The thermoelectric device performance is measured with Power Factor, but power factor could be different in different temperature, so it is compared with Figure of Merit (ZT) which takes into account Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity and the temperature where it measured. Achieving efficient thermoelectric material is difficult, it is easy to get a really bad one because it is easy to get good thermal and bad electrical conductor but not the other way around. One method is to use a Phonon Glass Electron Crystal (PGEC) concept which is by selecting a material with bad crystallinity (near amorphous, lowering phonon conduction) but a good conductor, such as clathrate materials, Zintl or material with big unit cell and many many atoms in it.
And yet, diamond is a good thermal conductor and an electronic insulator. Why do I feel like the solution is some exotic carbon allotrope that will be discovered in minute quantities, be heralded as a green energy solution to produce electricity from heat, then never leave the lab?
The problem is that you can't choose voltage and current like that for a given element. If you want to drive it at a high voltage it will take a certain current to do so based upon the properties of the materials used. The best you can do is quickly switch it on and off.
@@Cantreachthestars good example of a bad thermoelectric material! diamond is of course really bad one, just like ruby or saphire (basically Al2O3 with some dope in it). A really good thermoelectric material, for example, Bi2Te3, but again, bismuth is poisonous and Te is just expensive, so mass-producing this material will cost a fortune. the problem is sometimes the mass production of the material, sometimes its just expensive to produce, the unconventional method, or maybe its just the media that blow it up so much.
@@jeffreyblack666 Good point! the overall device will, of course, have a "resistance" at a given temperature which basically the ratio between the applied voltage and the corresponding current, so yes i don't think playing with voltage and current will reduce the Joule heating that it will produce. Eventually, the Joule wins
One of the big car brands, can't remember which, did this back in the 80's, they had a prototype Stirling engine and heat source, and managed to drive an actual pick-up truck with it. It's difficult to get power out of Stirling engines, but can be done
This stuff is really cool! (mind the pun). I've seen these things used on your skin to power small devices, like medical transmitters and such. It uses the temperature difference between your skin and air to make power, and usually to charge a capacitor to boost power output, since the voltage generated by the device is so low. Therefore, uses are minimal, but as technology improves, small devices like this might be able to power much more in the future, like watches and such.
you don't need to create a blinking LED, they sell them. www.amazon.com/EDGELEC-Blinking-Diffused-Flashing-Resistors/dp/B077XCM7QZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=blinking+led&qid=1568770119&sr=8-1
@@spaghetta5497 Thio Joe is biggest liar. It made many people's ethernet cable and ruined many people's PCs. +Nothing wrong in emjoi until people put random emoji 110-60 times which doesn't even make sense and putting over exaggerated emoji like . 1: I'm feeling sad a bit 😔 2: I'm sad a bit 😱😱😓😨😰 2nd over exaggerated and it looks shit.
How it works on atomic / quantum level? I can imagine situation as follow. The flat surface with current connected to opposite sides of the surface causes the flow of electrons. But due to the shape of the surface, the electrons create circular current movement - as in the coil. This circular movement also causes the magnetic field to "move" as in the coli perpendicular to the axis of the circular current. But what is different, that in the coil you don't have any obstacle on the way of the magnetic field (the interior of the coil is empty). Here you have the surface which is affected by magnetic field. Here are only my imagination further: the magnetic field slows down the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation of the surface (cooling) on one side and speeds up the frequency of radiation on the other side (heating). I can imagine this as an item positioned in the wind - it will get cooler faster because the "wind" is taking the energy from the obstacle. In case of your experiment, the "wind" is the magnetic field. And the energy is given back on the opposite (heating) side of the obstacle. Probably this could be proven experimentally by placing the same shape in the middle of the coil. If it cools down and heats up then this is the case. Please let me know what you think about it :)
I assume it works like laser cooling does, which is how they get the record lowest temperatures. Basically... By adding and removing energy at the right time, you force it to shed heat and get colder. So, I imagine this device is like a microwave for atoms in the circuit... Forcing one side to get cold and the other to get hot by making them gain and shed energy. There is a similar effect in Thermo Acoustics, where you can turn a flame over one end of a tube into vibrations in the tube from air moving from sound waves in tube then the tube makes different hot and cold sections until you have the output reach the other end of the tube... Either hot or cold depending on tuning of the glass tube and amout of heat and all that. May help to have an analog computer to tune and play with.
@@Alienami Cooling by the laser is working in similar way to slowing down the pendulum. If you put the right force in right time it will slow down. The lower the vibration the lower the temperature. So, yes, it generaly slows down the vibration of particles in the one side of Peltier device and speeds up (to keep the balance) on the other. The sum of temperatures should be zero. Isn't it?
I live in a cold climate and I have often thought of using these in an ice shanty to power lights and devices. If one were to put the heat sinks through the wall to the outside where the temperature was below freezing and have the other side on the inside where it's heated. Perhaps even directly behind the shanty stove. It should generate a fairly decent amount of electricity without costing extra energy. What do you think?
Exactly the same line of thinking I had. If you are already adding energy to the inside in the form of indoor heating and its freezing outside, theres gotta be some power to harness there.
Indeed, the TEC peltier devices are good for cooling, and the TEG devices are good for Voltage generation when heat is applied to them (up to 4.8V with a 100°C difference between both sides). Thank you for the video! The structure you built and the materials you used are very useful info! :D
Depending on the voltage, little workers in the peltier device get electric shocks that let them work faster, they have little leafs they use to blow air on the cold side, and because they are swetting the hot side gets hot :) Dont blame me for this XD
The Peltier works because the electrons which pass through the semiconducting material are jumping either down the band gap to a lower energy state (releases heat) or they jump up to the higher energy state which cools down the material ;) This works because the two semiconductors have band gaps with different energy levels (n-type and p-type doping).
I just bough a Thermo Electric Mini Fridge for my computer desk. I was curious about how it works and ran across your video. Thank you for the entertaining and informative video. :)
Basically, when the current flows through the junctions of the two conductors, heat is removed at one junction and cooling occurs while heat is deposited at the other junction.The main application of the Peltier effect is cooling. However the Peltier effect can also be used for heating or temperature control.
@@Basement-Science what about dry ice? its not that cold but cold enough so that silicon can act as a conductor at -63 degrees celsius from my experiments.
3:18 - Spin caloritronics is a relatively new field of research and focuses specifically on the interaction of spins with heat currents, motivated by the continuing discovery of new thermoelectric effects. Two of the most fundamental thermoelectric phenomena are the Seebeck and Peltier effects. These effects couple heat, charge and spin in magnetic materials. The Seebeck effect describes the direct conversion of a thermal gradient to an electric voltage. Conversely, the Peltier effect is a temperature difference developed across a material in response to an applied voltage. At the atomic scale, this corresponds to an applied temperature gradient causing charge carriers to move from the hot to the cold side of the material, inducing a measurable voltage.
Thanks for creating this video. Everyone posts videos on why peltiers don't work to create electricity. But no one actually shows it not working. And some people post hours of commentary about what efficiency means rather than showing it.
That's how most water dispensers work already. They use the peltier module to cool the water. Not sure if they use the hot side for heating or just reverse the polarity but yeah. Unfortunately the idea is already being used. Nice idea though
I went to four years of engineering school and 3 minutes into this video, I already know more about the Peltier and Seebeck effects than they could explain. Guess that explains why we used to watch ElectroBOOM videos in class eventually 😂
To be fair explaining the thermoelectric effects requires some very complicated electron transport calculations. We're talking graduate level theoretical physics.
Looks like you failed completly as a student. Never thought about studying by yourself? This is such basic level that you must have learned nothing at all if those informations are new for you.
In winter time, if you have a fire place, you can create a setup where the fire place can heat one side, the other side would be exposed to the cold weather and snow preferably, you can even create a small water tank with heat sinks inside (if the water freezes even better). You will simply burn wood and you can use the electricity to charge 12V batteries. You can use that electricity for different purposes if the power goes out due to bad weather conditions.
I feel like you would improve this design a lot with a radiator, a pump, a small reservuar and couple of fans for the radiator... you could get them all at ek... they’re for computers but i bet they would work for this purpose too
I've been working with solid state Peltier devices for over 15 years. They are used for sample gas coolers to remove condensation from a gas sample stream for emission analyzers. They are very reliable and can be used in place of a compressor cooling system. The best way to control them is to use PWM . They must be mounted to a heat sink. The life will be shorten significantly otherwise. We've used an AD595 IC with a thermocouple as a feedback loop in the past. A thermistor with a digital control loop is the newer control scheme, but still PWM. You can also stack the Peltiers to increase the heat or cooling capability.
@@thefalseshepherd3689 they are stacked cold/hot, cold/ hot. The cold side faces the hot side of the previous Peltier. The wattage of the secondary is higher than the primary, but I doubt that matters too much. I hope my description makes sense to you.
My understanding is that heat is composed of 2 parts: atomic vibrations and vibrations of electrons that conduct electricity. One side of device is semiconductor with big electron potential energy and the other has low one. But they both have the same kinetic energy because they're at the same temperature. So when they two come in contact, potential energy is different, So electrons move from high potential energy state into a lower energy state from one semiconductor side to the other. So one side now has less electrons, aka less heat, while the other one gets hot electrons which because they came from higher potential energy state, release their energy as more heat. In essence, hot electrons physically move from one side of device to the other. When you put electricity through it, you are using voltage to move more electrons from cold side to the hot side. Electrons move from higher potential energy to lower one. Effectively, removing hot electrons from cold side and depositing them on the hot side. When you do it the other way around, you are pushing electrons from low potential energy to high potential energy. And you move hot electrons to high potential energy state. Hot electrons loose their kinetic energy, or their hotness which gets converted to potential energy. Now thermoelectric device has many of these junctions. Here's a little map to understand it better: HS - high potential energy semiconductor LS - low potential energy semiconductor ^ - wire up _ - wire down HS^LS_HS^LS_HS^LS_ so as you see, if electrons move from left to right, high potential energy hot electrons will deposit heat on the up side of low potential energy semiconductor. Then low potential electrons will move from down side to high potential energy state and will get cooler by loosing kinetic energy and transforming it to potential energy. So in this configuration, thermoelectric device will get cold on it's down side and get hot on it's up side. And when you put electricity in reverse, same thing happens in reverse. Low potential electrons ho to high potential through up wire and reduce heat on up side, and high potential electrons move into a low potential state through wire downwards, creating heat downwards. This is my understanding from places like Wikipedia and other sources. Important to note that this is not the same potential that comes from things like conduction band and valence band. It is some sort of affinity towards electrons that changes with different temperatures. I hope my explanation made sense.
I have a feeling that, based on the demonstration in the video, if you did what you’re suggesting then the hot side would get too hot and the device would just burn up. The colder one side gets, the hotter the other side is, I’m pretty sure. That means that if you’re exponentially cooling in series then you’re also doing the inverse and mr electro boom himself almost burned one device just from powering it up fully without a heat sink. There’s probably other problems I can’t even think of or maybe I just have no clue what I’m talking about but I doubt that what you’re saying is possible.
Back in high school Thermoelectric device was my favorite in iran like 15 years ago. when i bought one i dreamed i could make a new world and many stuff. but i never did :D . i just freezed the ambient moisture and also made a useless soda can cooler. the hot side needs to be cooled down very efficiently to stop heat to flow from hot to cold side. because hot and cold sides are too close and due to the low resistance and flow of current it acts like a heat element and there will be more heat generated than the heat soaked . you peltiers can reach under zero pretty fast. they are good brand i think. another ideas with TED : bound peltiers in an array in which the hot side of the first is sticked to cold side of the next. so you can multiply the temperature difference. it's called series arrangement. this way you can reach really low temperatures. using a candle or glass magnifier as heat source and you can make a small power generator. the generated power can be increased if supply it to a fan to cool down the cold side and get more power. p.s : why not to use 3d printer ??? p.s : you are my hero in many ways.
pᴉʞxolqoɹpǝɹǝƃƃᴉɹt as a medical worker, Ive seen frostbites so bad, the toxic leftover of the limb caused septis and death in order of 3 hours.. frostbites use to go deeper than fire... because fire needs first to boil of the water inside of you..
On an atomic level, temperature is created by the atomic structure vibrating. This vibration is caused by all particles in the material vibrating with electromagnetic and nuclear forces. This phenomenon is most visible when atoms slow down their "spin", or internal energy, the closer they reach absolute zero.
Since there are two materials with different thermodynamic properties but similar electromagnetic properties, the electrons can be shared easily between the two materials while still maintaining two different specific heat capacities. Once an voltage is applied to the two materials the electrons can flow to the material that they are attracted to. This will cause the vibrating electrons to leave one material the void of the electrons while the other material gains the vibrating electrons. This lack of vibrating electrons is what causes the electron deficient material to drop in temperature while the electron rich material has many vibrating electrons on it increasing its temperature.
This is why changing the voltage will cause the electrons to travel to the opposite material but having the same phenomenon.
The difference in voltage between the two materials creates a difference between the electron density between the two materials which then causes a difference in the thermal reservoirs between the two materials. This temperature drop is what allows heat to travel across the materials and electrons do not carry any of the heat themselves.
Wow this cool dude. I liked when you mentioned electron voids create the "cool side." I've heard people say temperature is a measure of entropy which is an average of movement- am I right? Also, how is that converted into C or F? Why don't we just call it average speed?
Please forgive me if I sound dumb but I wanted to ask a question, since the electrons are vibrating and gaining heat, will they eventually change states?
@@spacejunky4380 Entropy could be the defined as the flow of heat between two thermal reservoirs, but this thermometric effect is what causes the difference in thermal reservoirs in the first place so there are several systems working in this example. You would need to define your system in order to define where the heat was flowing to define your average heat flow or flux.
Degrees of temperature is a measurement of the material and not a amount of energy, it is a scalar value. Since heat is an amount of energy that travels in a system and not a measurement of a material property it can not be converted into a temperature.
The reason it isn't a speed is because speed is also a measurement of a specific value like temperature. Heat flux has a rate and direction associated with it.
@@chunguskhan5327 I'm not sure about that but I know for sure if it does change states it'll need a super high temperature in order for that to happen.
@Ryan Green
Mass of an electron is negligibly small compared to atoms in crystal lattice... Normally heat is generated in a conductor when flowing electrons collide with atoms. Successive collision results in large momentum transfer thus atoms will more likely to vibrate with larger amplitude. Vibrating atoms which has more mass than vibrating electron is responsible for heat generation in a conductor. Secondly, If electron void is created then it'll get occupied by another electron bcoz of closed circuit connection... And if electron voids are d reason for cooling on one side, then a conductor having positive static charges also has electron voids.. why wouldn't that cool?
He can talk about the benefits of the sponsors products/services as much as he wants but what sells me is the falling confetti
don't forget the smooth jazz
Where do I get that confetti smh
come to think of it i have never sighed at his sponsorships.
@@memejeff it's the way he does it
@@Sillimant_ true
Linus tech tips posts a video "Bad cooling ideas" and features peltier devices. I watch the video and go "huh, wonder how these things work". Literally 5 seconds after that - notification from electroBOOM, new video :D
No way same just then haha
Add watching tech ingredients tec freezer 1 hour before linus' video and you have my experience. weird stuff considering how old these things are
How is ur comment 12hrs ago?
@@b-init1221 patreon
I thought it was an odd coincidence.
A Peltier module consists of two unique semiconductors, one n-type and one p-type, which are used
because they need to have different electron densities. The alternating p and n-type semiconductor pillars
are placed thermally in parallel to each other and electrically in series and then joined with a thermally
conducting plate on each side, usually ceramic removing the need for a separate insulator (Jamakandi et
al., 2020), when a voltage is applied to the free ends of the two semiconductors there is a flow of DC
current across the junction of the semiconductors causing a temperature difference. As the electrons
travels from P type material to N type material, the electrons hop to the higher energy state hence
absorbing thermal energy (cold side). Then as the electrons travel from N type material to P type material,
the electrons drop to the lower energy state and hence, dissipating thermal energy (hot side)to the
surrounding environment. The higher is the rate of dissipation of heat, the cooler it gets inside the
chamber (cold side of Peltier module) and increasing the efficiency of the cooling module proportionally
(Badgujar et al., 2015).
Yup they are made of bismuth and indium doped lead telluride. In fact they are the biggest use of tellurium metal. Some newer ones are made of tin selenide which works a bit better for higher temperatures.❤
Someone needs to give him a noble award for the invention of the wife unit
hahah
lol 😆
I laught so laud at 3:34am, that i woke up my mom.
True
absolute zero
WOW cutting and drilling like that !? - amazing you still have all your fingers !!!
Are you new to this channel?
Because safety is number two priority.
Miro Kefurt you should watch him change car break calipers
I was cringing and yelling, "Aaaugh! Put it in a vice already!"
@@anggaadandiputra8450 nice reference
In all my years of carpentry I have NEVER seen anyone using a jigsaw while sitting
Well, you can't expect too much from a gaming channel.
,😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣🤣
He said it... He is an electrical engineer.
Yeah, I saw him assembling this and went "bro... fingers don't go back and even when they're sewn back on they never work as well as they used to. Put it down....."
Mehdi is in destructible
My axiety goes through the roof whenever i see him handling cutting tools in an uncomfortable way. I’m about to have a heart attack
I think he does this in purpose for some sort of comedic effect....
It freaks me out too though.. I feel confident in the joke because he has all his fingers .... If built stuff like that all the time... Eventually you'd be missing digits.
@@notsam498 He certainly does it for comedic effect to great success. At 7:40 I had to pause and go back. Starts a cut with drill/jigsaw? Takes the blade off a hacksaw, sticks it thru the hole then reattaches the handle to finish the cut? Lmao
I want to scream to Mehdi "Angle grinders are always a two handed tool dammit!" 😬 I have actually seen the result of an one-handed angle grinder suddenly "bite". The hand is holding on but reaction times are too slow to compensate, it simply rotates with grinder. The cutting wheel struck his face slightly diagonal just missed the nose but hit the mouth. Split the top lip in half, took chunks of gums and broke front teeths. He got away with a stern warning from Mother nature and Father physics I'd say.
if he had lost a finger i could understand that but because he has all means hes too good to fail
This is my favorite gaming channel.
@@laimonassileika2285 *_storm the front_*
I wonder how many people for that joke
*Fire in the hole*
Gaming WEEEEEEEEEEEK!
Can't believe 284 people have any idea why you actually said that ;b for the record ~11:30
The fact he still has all of his fingers always amazes me.
Glad i´m not the only one who thinks that
But, how do we know those are HIS fingers? He may have replaced the missing ones with robotic devices covered with a skin like membrane.
@@OverlandOne look at the FUR in his fingers.
@@OverlandOne He’s a terminator!! No wonder why he’s so good at electronics.. He is one!!
@@Preinstallable he is a robot from the future came here to entertain us with his electric shitfuckery
He actually has a surprisingly accurate idea of what minecraft is
@@werewolfbishop5465 the only electroboomer 😉
@@werewolfbishop5465 not a boomer
@@werewolfbishop5465 He's 43 years old. That's not a boomer, it's Gen X
To be fair, Minecraft isn't that hard of a game to guess.
Well he didn't burn down the shop so..
I did the crash course in peltier units too haha. I had a small water cooled compressor and used a 8 peltier blocks with individual fans an a aluminium block milled to carry the water through an chill it. Turned out pretty neat. I used a 15 am buck down for my supply and found the most efficient supply an it worked fabulous.
Can use this set-up to cool down my laptop?
Can you please share the video if recorded it. And price it costs for you?
@@femcel101Technically, yes. However a peltier is very inefficient and creates a lot of heat by itself therefore you will need a much larger heatsink with a peltier than you would without one. Peltier cooling a PC only really makes sense for extreme overclocking.
@@oliverer3Could also go with liquid nitrogen for cooling. In any case, the solutions available for cooling a laptop are poor compared to what's available to desktops.
yeah...I took a monster heatsink out of an old computer and attached the TEC where the processor would normally go, then hooked the tec and the fan from the same computer up in series to a 20v laptop power supply... I'm sure if i'd had a touch more voltage, it woudl have froze over, but it was fascinating watching it pull water out of the air, lol
*Med holding any sharp devices*
Me: This can't be good.
Literally watching him use a jigsaw with my hands over my face and peeping between my fingers. I haven't been scared like that watching a video before
I felt the same way watching the angle grinder. >.< Particularly with the order of spin, if it had kicked back, he'd have been in trouble. :-(
llearch n'n'daCorna - at least he left the guard on & wore eye protection...
I hope he knows what he's doing. Lest we forget the utility knife incident...
Or literally any electrical things
Linus: Thermoelectric cooling is a bad idea
Electroboom: Hold my 120V AC
Edit: Wow thanks for the heart!!
Btw i think i found a new way of charging my phone! I can even use a wireless charging pad for maximum inefficiency!
DaUHardcoreCraft i don’t get why people say these weird pointless sayings??? Lol, w/e..
Um they said it didn't mean it was always a bad idea at the end of the video and then said they bought a 545W 32A one but sure...
Editing removes heart oof
Lol what heart?
Funniest thing I've read all day :)
11:37 - Grinder next to the balls looks scary. Fortunately this is not liveleak
Diamond Snake I'm surprised every video he's made didn't end up on life leak
This is not LiveLeak YET
LOL....balls XD
Once get slaped badly by several dongleing wires wraped up by a running angle grinder, almost snaped my pinky finger, took months to fully recover, angle grinders are NO JOKE.
Mehdi: clumsily spends half a day cutting holes into wood to mount heatsinks into.
Also Mehdi: has 3d printer on back shelf.
Can't use 3D printed stuff when dealing with high temperatures
@@wlockuz4467 Ah explains all those plastic parts that hold the plastic fans to the heatsinks in computers.
@@instazx2 I thought that a specialized plastic used for computer components
@@Bud55 Nope, it's usually ABS, same plastic the TAZ normally uses. luckuz4467 might be thinking of PLA, which isn't a very high-temp-tolerant material.
@@instazx2 Oh I see now.
I just thought I’d mention, TEC coolers are widely used within astrophotography for cooling camera sensors down to reduce thermal noise. It’s really common and they’re great. The main issue that’s showcased here, is the fact they cool *really* quickly, which can be a problem with icing over a sensor window.
Increase the voltage in steps to avoid thermal shock
@@taktuscat4250 Yep, pretty much all cameras firmware does this automatically and software does incase the camera doesn’t have it built it - so it’s only a problem with extremely high humidity, which I’ve actually experienced
Can the TEC coolers be used to make a universal thermal cooling fan a laptop? My GPU goes to 87 °C on Max load. I'm just looking for a cheaper rig to lower my costs!
@@hammadashraf96 that’s normal for a laptop, as long as it’s below 95C, it’s fine
@@hammadashraf96 if you remove heat from TEC hot side then yes, it’s like air conditioner, heats up outside, cools down room
Your "Wife unit" explanation was amazing dude! hahahaha!
I paused the video, just to find and upvote this comment :D
@@marin.aldimirov :
A nuclear reactor is a lot like a woman.
You just have to read the manual and push the right buttons.
****sips**** coffee.
@@louistournas120 and you push the wrong one and they have a total meltdown too
@@louistournas120 And one tiny mistake and it goes thermonuclear.
The way I understand it is that the current through the different conductors causes electrons associated with atoms to accumulate at junctions where current passes from conductor A to conductor B, while free electrons and atoms with spaces for electrons (holes) accumulate at junctions where current passes from conductor B to conductor A.
Where associated electrons accumulate, equilibrium causes the rate of dissociation of electrons from atoms to be higher than the rate of association of electrons to atoms. Since electrons absorb energy when they dissociate, there is a net absorption of energy at that junction and it becomes colder.
Likewise, at junctions where free electrons and atoms that can accept electrons (holes) accumulate, electrons will associate with atoms faster than they dissociate. This releases energy, causing the junction to heat up.
As electrons flow one way through the circuit, the holes "flow" the opposite way, resulting in an accumulation of both at certain junctions and a deficit of both at other junctions. I believe this is only possible when one conductor has more holes than the other and vice versa for free electrons in the other conductor (ie: conductor A is rich in holes and conductor B is rich in free electrons).
This is a confusing topic, and one I don't fully understand myself. There are some great explanations on a forum by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign titled "Q & A: How can the Peltier effect work?"
I hope this helps if you were curious!
Thx. I've been looking for this. I was thinking of building my own ac and came across peltier. And if I build something I like to know how it works :)
This comment should deserve way more credit
@@kimjungun4648 I'm glad you found my comment helpful! If you haven't seen it already, the pinned comment (by Tech Ingredients) on this video links to another very comprehensive explanation of the Peltier effect. Although, his explanation is different from the way I understand it from what I've read.
If this explanation were complete you could only heat/cool on microscopic timescales as an equilibrium between thermodynamic effects and the potential created by the charges would quickly be established similar to a space charge region in a p-n-junction.
@@InskayDanork I'll be honest, I don't understand a lot of what you wrote. My original comment was my best understanding of what I found on the forum I mentioned. I am neither a physicist nor an electrical engineer, so there are parts to it I'm not sure I've interpreted correctly.
Additionally the pinned comment I mentioned in my previous reply offers a much more elegant explanation of the effect; one which makes more sense to me.
Please, if you have any corrections for anything I've said I'd be more than willing to listen. I am, after all, only interested in accurately understanding this effect.
This is the main reaction: p + n- > p- + n ∆h0 ∆s>0
2) p + e- + n p + n- ∆h
“Safety is the no.1 priority”
Mehdi: Hold my electron
"Safety is number 2 priority. First one is fun!" -Mehdi
More like hold my *FULL. BRIDGE. RECTIFIER.* 😂😂😂😂😂
Hold my FBR xddddd
@@adventureoflinkmk2 full fridge rectifier*
*hold my live wire
wow i feel so premium
How is this commented 17hours ago?????
@@skybiomes659 he is patreon, they receive videos before than us
Ikr!
Good for you how proud
Haha 😆 have a good day! >.
He made laminar flow without knowing what laminar flow is, I'm proud of you man.
Thats all well and good until he realises turbulent is better for cooling
Instead of blowing invert the fan so that it sucks air through heat sinks. This provides better cooling and less complex design.
@@gagandeepk.v.145 Yeah like laptop coolpads.
@@gagandeepk.v.145 yep!
@@gagandeepk.v.145 How well would a pump work? This setup is restricting flow after all so maybe a pump could move the air better
I guess that might be taking it further than he wants to though, not as simple and probably not as fast
The reason your fan assembly didn’t result in a higher output is because you are pumping air INTO the system instead of continuing to draw the heat down away from the system. If the fan blades had been pushing hot air down, rather than cold air up into the fins, the low pressure air gaps between the fins would induct more cold air from the surrounding environment into the area where the heat is being dissipated from. This is essentially low pressure vacuum tech
hi , when im providing 6v with voltage regulator, its only taking 3 volt, but not more than that, even if im increasing it, it taking same 3 to 4v load, tell me how to provide higher volt to the device
Like car radiators, the fan sucks in air and is more efficient than blowing air
“it works like my wife. While her rest of her body is at boiling temperature, her feet are at absolute zero.”
that made me laugh hard
Haha. Good wordplay. Cold feet = always doubtful of something you were once sure of. Women do that
@@SF-li9kh thanks for explaining
Wonder what happens when you switch polarity of your wife...
I hope we could able to see more videos after this.
@@roelandriemens It's easy. Use a spider.
my wife: her body is 1 million degrees and her heart freezes electrons
She sounds hot. Your a lucky man.
...
She's a continual hot flash.
Got it
sooo you don't have to pay your bills? cuz she generates power for the house right?
So Linus and ElectroBoom both have a thermoelectric cooling video within 24 hours.... strange. Lol
My thoughts exactly. And they're both from Vancouver 🤔
Yep I bet a lot of us were thinking this!
And they both keep dropping stuff...
I've thought about that as well.
It might just be a natural way of things. Technology evolves and maybe in some not far time in the future we would see some economically viable thermal solutions based on Peltje elements, and people would be already aware of that tech.
Imo, thats unlikely to be a "commercial" for it.
Either way, we enjoy both Mehdi's and Linus's content, so whatever (:
Electroboom and linus collab when?
Medhi, I live in south Texas where temperatures regularly clear 110F, and our greatest threat here is not cold, but actually dying from heat. Hence we spend breathtaking amounts of money and resources down here fighting back against the tremendous heat load. Other complicating factors are that as a society we do not build our cities with any consideration for passive or natural cooling, relying purely on the electrical grid. Also, I am told by HVAC engineers, that our universal building code is only written to handle 90F to pass C of O, resulting in new buildings failing our performance requirements by 15-25F. Add to that, the compressor-run AC which is our standard weapon is incredibly inefficient, as it must take electricity to turn all its various parts and move things around that don't even produce cooling. Then there is the compounding effect, as the more compressor driven ACs we have in use in hot places, the more we concentrate the heat yet further for the entire region (and the world of course).
The Peltier device is one of our great hopes in this fight, because the transformation from raw heat (which we are dying in) to electricity that can then power secondary cooling devices is so much more direct, with no moving pieces.It also has the profound advantage of taking heat (which we need less of) and producing cool (which we need more of) without a waste stream of heat being blown out of 1.5 million windows.
The problem (as Robert Murray Smith pointed out), is that they are cumulatively far too expensive to be viable in any great application as they now exist.
What we need is an entire second roof of Peltier, which takes the blazing heat differential (absorbing the first volley of heat of direct sun), and converting this into voltage which can then run electrical cooling devices. (more direct and with higher yield--we hope--than taking the usable light through a solar cell and processing it into electricity then used for cooling...again, with heat exhaust.)
We need a FAR more cost effective solution--10'x10' Peltiers, Peltiers the size of train stations and Wal-Mart roofs and Coca Cola plants--in order to stop the cycle of heating-for-cooling we currently practice.
I have seen panels that radiate heat into space using IR. Cover your roof with those with a layer of TECs underneath. Would be cool if it would actually work.
It looks easy on screen, but doing all that is really hard and can be frustating. U don't give up and go through it. I like that👍
They're both Canadians, so 8 guess the technology just got here.
His peculiarities seems a lot mental... Mehdi's seems a lot physical...So yeah both of them are great
@@thecraftsman8083 did you just reply to yourself with something completely out of context?
"It *burn freezes!* "
-ElectroBOOM late 2019
Don't call it late
*White Kyurem used Ice Burn!*
*It's super effective!*
It’s more mid
That "wife unit" diagram at 0:54 had me laughing hysterically. 😂
Body >100° C
Feet absolute zero.
the strange thing about women is that they always need everything super hot, be it showers, hearing, beds..
But they will happily be half naked in sub zero temperatures if they think it looks good.
I know what he means my mom warms her feet in my dads lap if you are assign chances are you know what I am talking about
0 kelvin
@@dfpguitar can attest
the explanation of (how moving electrons through a thermocouple pumps heat) is:
in order to have thermocouple u should have two different material wires and they should have different numbers of electrons orbiting the nucleus at different orbits (say 3rd for wire 1 and 6th for wire 2)..and the wires are jointed at their ends
when u apply heat to the junction u r actually releases different amount of electrons from both wires and due to that difference u get the voltage difference and that is what we r using to measure temperature..
But.... when u apply voltage u r forcing the electrons to flow through the thermocouple and that is causing electrons from lower energy levels orbit to oscillate at higher energy orbits and vice versa. then an electron with its own energy is now orbiting at (Say) 3rd orbit and u put him to orbit at 6th orbit with its same amount of energy, it will oscillate much slower and the opposite will happen if an electron came from 6th orbit to 3rd... now we knew that due to applying voltage we ill make some electrons oscillate faster and the other oscillate slower and that movement is what we are sensing or detecting as heat ( higher oscillation means high temp. and vice versa).. i hope that could clarify something
3:18 , I dont exactly know with a lot of details , just thought of sharing it. Actually whenever we talk about heat energy , it is basically a modified form of kinetic energy. For example imagine an adiabetic process with a moveable piston on the top of a cylinder containing a gas (or just normal air). If the piston is pushed inside, the temperature of the temperature of the air rises amd it becomes hotter. At the same time it is observed due to less volume available , the frequency of atoms colliding with walls of cylinder increases which increases the pressure resulting in increased speed therefore higher kinetic energy. The complete opposite happens in vice versa, piston is moved a little outwards, it cools the gas and it has less kinetic energy. Consider another example is heating any solid, atoms of solids are quite close to each other, so if we heat the solid, its atom vibrates and the oscillations contain kinetic energy. So basically heat energy is a result of kinetic energy and vice versa. In other words these both forms of energy are almost the same. So saying that electrons carry heat as they move is just another way of saying they have kinetic energy. I might be a little wrong though but as far as I remember what I studied , I just thought it might be helpful to someone. If you find anything wrong, please correct me.
Interesting and thank you for sharing. Your explanation reminds me about law of energy conservation.
I dint read it
Interesting, but heat transfer in solids (metal) is made possible by moving free electrons. Only a negleable percent is due to actual molecules vibrations. So the reason thermocouples work is this fact
I learned how to operate a jigsaw even LESS safely today! 😄😄
He does a lot for his patreons unlike others who just milk them for money. That says a lot about the kind of person he is and his mindset. That's how you grow a loyal community. Kudos to this guy.🙏
True indeed
I agreed
This is very true. Take, for instance, technology connections. He’s recently hidden the dollar amount he receives, likely because he’s getting slightly embarrassed. Before he did that, I noticed he was drawing well over 120K a year from Patreon alone, never mind money from views.
Medhi here regularly buys bench power supplies, scopes etc just to give away.
This one's for me. So the Seeback and Peltier effect works in the same way as a solar panel is like an LED. Heat is typically radiated using photons, which are emitted by any object of a certain temperature (blackbody radiation). As heat is just an amount of kinetic energy, the photons give energy to electrons, causing them to drift. The electrons, now higher energy, have a velocity. The voltage potential then counteracts this velocity, resulting in the momentum of the electron being transferred to the other conductors atoms, and the energy is absorbed by the other conductor, causing one to cool down and the other to heat up.
Oh, so for dumbass like me. Volatage acts like a stimulator for electrons - it gies them bigger capacity and allows them to dicipate heat along, py passing to another particles along wire? Is it like catching heat from photons and throwing it away?
Thank you very much. I had bought a peltier module when I was about 10, before COVID. I used it for few days, and then broke it to see how this magic works. But as I was in secondary school, I couldnot understand that, and thought that it's just some super intellectual scientist's level stuff. But now as I am starting my class 11, I understood it from your explanation. Once again, thank you. I am going to buy another one, but with the understanding of how it works.
_"Health & Safety"_ is not really observed on this channel. It's why I subscribed
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
Of course, this is not the health and safety channel on the Wii so why would we find health and safety?
@@laurinneff4304 You apparently don't grasp the concept of _Irony_ in your neck of the woods
@@laurinneff4304 I'm not typing any more after this but if you *read* what I have typed, you wont see any trace of me calling this a 'Health and Safety Channel' anywhere. I observed a *lack* of H&S. _....Yawn
Slingshot channel also
"Such Professional, much interactive!" - ElectroBOOM!, 2019
I love when he uses the "Such" followed by the "Much". Pure Mehdi
"Full fridge rectifier!"
Eh? Eh? No? No one laughed?
He..
I get it!
Hahahahaha.... Get out
**ha. ha. ha. ha.**
lol so funny i want to die
I love this -- great video! Can I suggest using a thermotransfer epoxy product like ArticSilver(tm) instead of thermal-paste. I think will provide better heat transfer and at the same time adhere the parts together. Also, possibly a closed-cell foam material as insulation -- styrofoam(tm) maybe. One last thing... not sure if you know but you can stack the peltier thermoelectric panels to improve their effect (get more temperature differences). Odd... your wife unit has the same problem with cold feet as mine... they sort of like human peltier devices. Scientific Solution: Place a small electric blanket on her side of the bed between upper sheet and blanket from her knees downward. Based on the Seebeck effect she should then generate high voltage... sparking, etc.
In material, there are two ways of conducting heat, the first is by harmonic vibration of atoms (phonon) and mostly by charge carrier (either delocalised electron or hole).
the charge carrier concentration determines whether material act as insulator, semiconductor or well conductor. A conductor is bad for a thermoelectric device, why? because thermal conductivity will also be high (Wiedemann-Franz law) which makes heat source and heat sink temperature promptly homogenise.
What you want is a very good electrical conductor (good charge pump) but the very bad thermal conductor. Which is a dilemma since thermal conduction also related to charge-carrier concentration and related to, well electrical conductivity. that's why at the moment, the efficiency of a thermoelectric device is quite low.
And with the electrical current flow, there is irreversible Joule heating (current square*electrical resistance), that's why you observe an increase of temperature of both sides. But Seebeck coefficient of the material/device (dV/dT) makes the temperature gradient stay the same as long as the voltage maintained. Maybe, use high voltage but low current to minimise Joule heating? (of course, the refrigeration will slow down as well.
The thermoelectric device performance is measured with Power Factor, but power factor could be different in different temperature, so it is compared with Figure of Merit (ZT) which takes into account Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity and the temperature where it measured.
Achieving efficient thermoelectric material is difficult, it is easy to get a really bad one because it is easy to get good thermal and bad electrical conductor but not the other way around.
One method is to use a Phonon Glass Electron Crystal (PGEC) concept which is by selecting a material with bad crystallinity (near amorphous, lowering phonon conduction) but a good conductor, such as clathrate materials, Zintl or material with big unit cell and many many atoms in it.
So to sum it up, were a long way from cheap refrigeration. Stick to a thermally inefficient refrigerator for the next few years.
And yet, diamond is a good thermal conductor and an electronic insulator.
Why do I feel like the solution is some exotic carbon allotrope that will be discovered in minute quantities, be heralded as a green energy solution to produce electricity from heat, then never leave the lab?
The problem is that you can't choose voltage and current like that for a given element.
If you want to drive it at a high voltage it will take a certain current to do so based upon the properties of the materials used.
The best you can do is quickly switch it on and off.
@@Cantreachthestars good example of a bad thermoelectric material! diamond is of course really bad one, just like ruby or saphire (basically Al2O3 with some dope in it).
A really good thermoelectric material, for example, Bi2Te3, but again, bismuth is poisonous and Te is just expensive, so mass-producing this material will cost a fortune.
the problem is sometimes the mass production of the material, sometimes its just expensive to produce, the unconventional method, or maybe its just the media that blow it up so much.
@@jeffreyblack666 Good point! the overall device will, of course, have a "resistance" at a given temperature which basically the ratio between the applied voltage and the corresponding current, so yes i don't think playing with voltage and current will reduce the Joule heating that it will produce. Eventually, the Joule wins
With the cold generator you created you could build a cloud chamber: a particle and cosmic ray detector.
aaaaaand he did
Yeah same as homi Jehangir bhabha did
You should make a generator powered by a Stirling engine
he should totally do that!
One of the big car brands, can't remember which, did this back in the 80's, they had a prototype Stirling engine and heat source, and managed to drive an actual pick-up truck with it. It's difficult to get power out of Stirling engines, but can be done
www.stirlingengine.com/why-not-popular/ found an actually amazing article on all the different ways they tried to use Stirling engines.
Those things cant move much mass
@@kruemmelbande5078 they can when designed for it, read the article I posted.
This stuff is really cool! (mind the pun). I've seen these things used on your skin to power small devices, like medical transmitters and such. It uses the temperature difference between your skin and air to make power, and usually to charge a capacitor to boost power output, since the voltage generated by the device is so low. Therefore, uses are minimal, but as technology improves, small devices like this might be able to power much more in the future, like watches and such.
Me : Finally Created a blinking led.
Electroboom: Making phone charger with hot water.
._.
Also ElectroBoom: I'm about to charge this man's phone.
I guess this is a gaming channel. You play with electricity.
We all start somewhere
you don't need to create a blinking LED, they sell them. www.amazon.com/EDGELEC-Blinking-Diffused-Flashing-Resistors/dp/B077XCM7QZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=blinking+led&qid=1568770119&sr=8-1
Hey! Don't let that let you down! I'm sure he felt the same way at some point. You can do it! I'm rooting for you!
How long did it take for him to figure out he is running a gaming channel?
meabbott wait what?
@@Sideonedummy2 Reference to a moment in the video
@@Sideonedummy2 11:23
Is he
Your segues into sponsorships are on par with Linus!
_"Speaking of sponsorships, _*_D Brand! "_*
You have just made me realize how a cooling unit that I've been researching works, thankyou!
10:57 PIECE OF SHEET
8:33 "the fan here will blow up"
On this channel, I have no reason to doubt that statement 😉
@@spaghetta5497 Thio Joe is biggest liar. It made many people's ethernet cable and ruined many people's PCs.
+Nothing wrong in emjoi until people put random emoji 110-60 times which doesn't even make sense and putting over exaggerated emoji like .
1: I'm feeling sad a bit 😔
2: I'm sad a bit 😱😱😓😨😰
2nd over exaggerated and it looks shit.
@@prateekpanwar646 😎😎😎👌👌👌👌💯💯💯💯😂😂😂😂😂🅱️🅱️🅱️🅱️
@@mataco7073 🔫 👁️👃👁️ 👇
👄 your toes, hand em over.
@@cessposter no
How it works on atomic / quantum level?
I can imagine situation as follow. The flat surface with current connected to opposite sides of the surface causes the flow of electrons. But due to the shape of the surface, the electrons create circular current movement - as in the coil. This circular movement also causes the magnetic field to "move" as in the coli perpendicular to the axis of the circular current. But what is different, that in the coil you don't have any obstacle on the way of the magnetic field (the interior of the coil is empty). Here you have the surface which is affected by magnetic field.
Here are only my imagination further: the magnetic field slows down the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation of the surface (cooling) on one side and speeds up the frequency of radiation on the other side (heating). I can imagine this as an item positioned in the wind - it will get cooler faster because the "wind" is taking the energy from the obstacle. In case of your experiment, the "wind" is the magnetic field. And the energy is given back on the opposite (heating) side of the obstacle.
Probably this could be proven experimentally by placing the same shape in the middle of the coil. If it cools down and heats up then this is the case.
Please let me know what you think about it :)
good explanation!! Get this to the top so people can see it
I assume it works like laser cooling does, which is how they get the record lowest temperatures.
Basically... By adding and removing energy at the right time, you force it to shed heat and get colder.
So, I imagine this device is like a microwave for atoms in the circuit... Forcing one side to get cold and the other to get hot by making them gain and shed energy.
There is a similar effect in Thermo Acoustics, where you can turn a flame over one end of a tube into vibrations in the tube from air moving from sound waves in tube then the tube makes different hot and cold sections until you have the output reach the other end of the tube... Either hot or cold depending on tuning of the glass tube and amout of heat and all that.
May help to have an analog computer to tune and play with.
@@Alienami Cooling by the laser is working in similar way to slowing down the pendulum. If you put the right force in right time it will slow down. The lower the vibration the lower the temperature. So, yes, it generaly slows down the vibration of particles in the one side of Peltier device and speeds up (to keep the balance) on the other. The sum of temperatures should be zero. Isn't it?
I live in a cold climate and I have often thought of using these in an ice shanty to power lights and devices. If one were to put the heat sinks through the wall to the outside where the temperature was below freezing and have the other side on the inside where it's heated. Perhaps even directly behind the shanty stove. It should generate a fairly decent amount of electricity without costing extra energy. What do you think?
Idea seems great! I think you should try and let me know, I live in a warm place but we keep the insides cool so might work out for me as well :)
Exactly the same line of thinking I had. If you are already adding energy to the inside in the form of indoor heating and its freezing outside, theres gotta be some power to harness there.
Indeed, the TEC peltier devices are good for cooling, and the TEG devices are good for Voltage generation when heat is applied to them (up to 4.8V with a 100°C difference between both sides).
Thank you for the video! The structure you built and the materials you used are very useful info! :D
A one hundred degree difference can easily be achieved with a wood stove.
11:35 - "Hey I'm a gaming channel!"
lol, except you're entertaining and educational
Is no one else impressed with this man's jigsaw skills dude free hands a near perfect circle
7:41 RIP Canon t4i
8:33 "The fan will blow up directly into the heatsink."
well, this is electroboom, everything explodes :)
Literal lol! 😂
“I am the unluckiest man alive”
Electroboom: “hold my full bridge RECTIFIER”
*hold my FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER!!!
Dominik Wolf HAHAHAHA YESYES
is that a nerd joke lol
The flaw in this comment is that mehdi would never hand over his FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER!
FUUUULLL BRIDGE RECTIFIER
Depending on the voltage, little workers in the peltier device get electric shocks that let them work faster, they have little leafs they use to blow air on the cold side, and because they are swetting the hot side gets hot :)
Dont blame me for this XD
You unknowingly explained what actually happens ;)
@@saiskanda I'm pretty sure he knows what he's talking about...
I am working on thermoelectric generator as temperature sensor in my PhD of materials engineering... You are awesome Mr Mehdi
Tech Ingredients has a great video for this device where he builds a fridge with it. Also his channel is understated
This is the answer we needed.. so understated, but drink coffee before you watch, his voice is laced with sleep inducing vibrations
Electroboom:
#1 gaming channel on RUclips
ElectroBOOM: I wil make 16 fins for a fan by cutting a CD cover, bend it and glue it!
3D- Printer: I am a joke to you?
That's boring
9:32 yeah you just made a turbo-charger -- this is what they use to get maximum airflow into the engine....by creating a vortex.
13:51
No. You're like a teacher that i never had
This man being tazed is the sole reason to why I got exited in science as a subject again
Seeing you saw the wood/metal while holding it in your hand gave me anxiety, keep at it.
The Peltier works because the electrons which pass through the semiconducting material are jumping either down the band gap to a lower energy state (releases heat) or they jump up to the higher energy state which cools down the material ;)
This works because the two semiconductors have band gaps with different energy levels (n-type and p-type doping).
I just bough a Thermo Electric Mini Fridge for my computer desk. I was curious about how it works and ran across your video. Thank you for the entertaining and informative video. :)
"Wife UNIT" I can't.. that was great lmao.
You can't... what?
Your videos are like a time machine in action. They remind me of my learning days 50 years ago. I enjoy watching them.
Basically, when the current flows through the junctions of the two conductors, heat is removed at one junction and cooling occurs while heat is deposited at the other junction.The main application of the Peltier effect is cooling. However the Peltier effect can also be used for heating or temperature control.
o
Put your heatsinks in liquid nitrogen XD
exactly
Brain 1000
Great joke, but silicon semiconductors do not conduct at those temperatures and just act as insulators.
@@Basement-Science what about dry ice? its not that cold but cold enough so that silicon can act as a conductor at -63 degrees celsius from my experiments.
@@MathewZ788 This is the video for you:
ruclips.net/video/CbymKXWG3j4/видео.html
When I watched Linus video, I actually thought this would be a good idea for Electroboom :)
We need they collabs. Its hillarious
Yup they should do some crazy collab!
3:18 - Spin caloritronics is a relatively new
field of research and focuses specifically on the interaction of spins with heat currents, motivated by the continuing discovery of new thermoelectric effects. Two of the most fundamental thermoelectric phenomena are the Seebeck and Peltier effects. These effects couple heat, charge and spin in magnetic materials. The Seebeck effect describes the direct conversion of a thermal gradient to an electric voltage. Conversely, the Peltier effect is a temperature difference developed across a material in response to an applied voltage. At the atomic scale, this corresponds to an applied temperature gradient causing charge carriers to move from the hot to the cold side of the material, inducing a measurable voltage.
Thanks for creating this video. Everyone posts videos on why peltiers don't work to create electricity. But no one actually shows it not working. And some people post hours of commentary about what efficiency means rather than showing it.
So wait you can like make a mini water dispenser with hot AND cold?
Nice.
That's actually a neat idear ya got there
Someone might do it
Would stacking the devices work?
@@Stonemonkie1 Yes.
That's how most water dispensers work already. They use the peltier module to cool the water. Not sure if they use the hot side for heating or just reverse the polarity but yeah. Unfortunately the idea is already being used. Nice idea though
5:10 you made my inner child giggle
I went to four years of engineering school and 3 minutes into this video, I already know more about the Peltier and Seebeck effects than they could explain.
Guess that explains why we used to watch ElectroBOOM videos in class eventually 😂
To be fair explaining the thermoelectric effects requires some very complicated electron transport calculations. We're talking graduate level theoretical physics.
Long lost cousin Phillip
Looks like you failed completly as a student. Never thought about studying by yourself? This is such basic level that you must have learned nothing at all if those informations are new for you.
@@Seraphim262 wow you're an insufferable dick. Not everyone has the chances or resources to, but sure, whatever builds your pedestal taller
Sillimant not everyone but OP certainly did. He has internet access so he can learn virtually anything
In winter time, if you have a fire place, you can create a setup where the fire place can heat one side, the other side would be exposed to the cold weather and snow preferably, you can even create a small water tank with heat sinks inside (if the water freezes even better). You will simply burn wood and you can use the electricity to charge 12V batteries. You can use that electricity for different purposes if the power goes out due to bad weather conditions.
Neighbour: sleeps peacefully
Medhi: 7:20
you and linus should make a vid together cause u both r in vancouver
I was also born in Vancouver in British Colombia (BC)
i dont cool right?
Linus would some how get electrocuted from Mehdi and Mehdi would be on the other side of a building.
when you're using the angle grinder you give me anxiety
the entire power tool montage gave me extreme anxiety lol
@@meethepie yeah I'm so glad he didn't lost a finger.
I was expecting his pants to catch fire tbh
So much appreciation for the way you diy! Man, the amount of time I've spent sawing over a garbage bin in the kitchen of my old apartment! Good stuff
I feel like you would improve this design a lot with a radiator, a pump, a small reservuar and couple of fans for the radiator... you could get them all at ek... they’re for computers but i bet they would work for this purpose too
Ah, yet another excellent video from my favorite gaming channel.
5:35 that’s impressive
I've been working with solid state Peltier devices for over 15 years. They are used for sample gas coolers to remove condensation from a gas sample stream for emission analyzers. They are very reliable and can be used in place of a compressor cooling system. The best way to control them is to use PWM . They must be mounted to a heat sink. The life will be shorten significantly otherwise. We've used an AD595 IC with a thermocouple as a feedback loop in the past. A thermistor with a digital control loop is the newer control scheme, but still PWM. You can also stack the Peltiers to increase the heat or cooling capability.
@@thefalseshepherd3689 they are stacked cold/hot, cold/ hot. The cold side faces the hot side of the previous Peltier. The wattage of the secondary is higher than the primary, but I doubt that matters too much. I hope my description makes sense to you.
My understanding is that heat is composed of 2 parts: atomic vibrations and vibrations of electrons that conduct electricity.
One side of device is semiconductor with big electron potential energy and the other has low one. But they both have the same kinetic energy because they're at the same temperature.
So when they two come in contact, potential energy is different, So electrons move from high potential energy state into a lower energy state from one semiconductor side to the other. So one side now has less electrons, aka less heat, while the other one gets hot electrons which because they came from higher potential energy state, release their energy as more heat. In essence, hot electrons physically move from one side of device to the other.
When you put electricity through it, you are using voltage to move more electrons from cold side to the hot side. Electrons move from higher potential energy to lower one. Effectively, removing hot electrons from cold side and depositing them on the hot side.
When you do it the other way around, you are pushing electrons from low potential energy to high potential energy. And you move hot electrons to high potential energy state. Hot electrons loose their kinetic energy, or their hotness which gets converted to potential energy.
Now thermoelectric device has many of these junctions. Here's a little map to understand it better:
HS - high potential energy semiconductor
LS - low potential energy semiconductor
^ - wire up
_ - wire down
HS^LS_HS^LS_HS^LS_
so as you see, if electrons move from left to right, high potential energy hot electrons will deposit heat on the up side of low potential energy semiconductor. Then low potential electrons will move from down side to high potential energy state and will get cooler by loosing kinetic energy and transforming it to potential energy. So in this configuration, thermoelectric device will get cold on it's down side and get hot on it's up side.
And when you put electricity in reverse, same thing happens in reverse. Low potential electrons ho to high potential through up wire and reduce heat on up side, and high potential electrons move into a low potential state through wire downwards, creating heat downwards.
This is my understanding from places like Wikipedia and other sources.
Important to note that this is not the same potential that comes from things like conduction band and valence band. It is some sort of affinity towards electrons that changes with different temperatures. I hope my explanation made sense.
How is it possible he still has all his fingers? Love this guy!
"The fan will blow up into the heat sinks"
Oh... I really hope so.
@ElectroBoom, This is a suggestion. Can you arrange those thermoelectric devices in series and try to achieve the absolute 0 temperature?
I have a feeling that, based on the demonstration in the video, if you did what you’re suggesting then the hot side would get too hot and the device would just burn up. The colder one side gets, the hotter the other side is, I’m pretty sure. That means that if you’re exponentially cooling in series then you’re also doing the inverse and mr electro boom himself almost burned one device just from powering it up fully without a heat sink. There’s probably other problems I can’t even think of or maybe I just have no clue what I’m talking about but I doubt that what you’re saying is possible.
@@realSAPERE_AUDE That is exactly why I like to see @ElectroBoom try that 😀
@@DamiendraBuwaneka I see lol I’m that case: great idea!
Back in high school Thermoelectric device was my favorite in iran like 15 years ago. when i bought one i dreamed i could make a new world and many stuff. but i never did :D . i just freezed the ambient moisture and also made a useless soda can cooler.
the hot side needs to be cooled down very efficiently to stop heat to flow from hot to cold side. because hot and cold sides are too close and due to the low resistance and flow of current it acts like a heat element and there will be more heat generated than the heat soaked .
you peltiers can reach under zero pretty fast. they are good brand i think.
another ideas with TED :
bound peltiers in an array in which the hot side of the first is sticked to cold side of the next. so you can multiply the temperature difference. it's called series arrangement. this way you can reach really low temperatures.
using a candle or glass magnifier as heat source and you can make a small power generator. the generated power can be increased if supply it to a fan to cool down the cold side and get more power.
p.s : why not to use 3d printer ???
p.s : you are my hero in many ways.
0:25
"It's your power, Todoroki!"
Todoroki:
Weeb.
Literally just watched BNHA awhile ago, nice reference dude
@@Sanemikufan but you have anime profile pic
@crubby no u
Watch "tech ingredients" for a video or two(?) about peltier coolers
Good videos there on Peltier devices.
Yes, I was about to suggest the same. His explanation totally made sense to me.
ruclips.net/video/cw8ipUYodkE/видео.html
He did a great couple of versions. Eventually doing water cooling with the radiators outside.
Get out of my head!
ruclips.net/video/YWUhwmmZa7A/видео.html
The Seebeck effect is caused by two processes: diffusion of charge carriers
and phonon drag
.
Well.. burning and freezing your skin will left the same result until some point
pᴉʞxolqoɹpǝɹǝƃƃᴉɹt as a medical worker, Ive seen frostbites so bad, the toxic leftover of the limb caused septis and death in order of 3 hours.. frostbites use to go deeper than fire... because fire needs first to boil of the water inside of you..
@@kevinpomothy9209 reading that hurts
Nice
Burning is the result of difference in temperature. So burning with cold and burning with heat is the same thing.
This is my first video from this guy, and I think I'm hooked
11:37
I thought his pants would catch on fire
Towel flashback *
@@amirferdhany3177you said that remembered me