How Muslims Conquered India | History Documentary
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- Опубликовано: 29 июн 2024
- India. Seen as the bastion of the Hindu faith, it is actually home to the 3rd largest Muslim population in the world. The introduction of Islam as a political power force in the subcontinent came through the efforts of two Muslim dynasties centred in modern-day Afghanistan, the Ghaznavids and the Ghurids. Through the actions of their two respective greatest rulers, Mahmud of Ghazni and Muizz ul-Din Ghuri, northern India was constantly exposed to raids and in time, the establishment of Muslim state.
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0:00 Intro
1:05 Context
4:20 Mahmud of Ghazni
6:43 Mahmud's Motivations?
8:50 Post-Mahmud Ghaznavids
10:28 Ghurids
Did Mahmud of Ghazni invade India for wealth or Islam?
Medieval History Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLiPhmAD3I2JzCm2huELM5moDOPkP-EWNZ
Islam, indeed
Origin of the ghurids from primary source👉
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/view/1/304/
Chronicler: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimat_Allah_al-Harawi
Original Work:
archive.org/details/TarikhEKhanJahaniOMakhzanEAfghaniJildEAwwal-KhwajaNematullahBinKhwajaHabeebullahAl-HarawiFarsi
I like that!
Obviously both. A temple wasn't just a place of worship, it also worked a bank, located along important trade networks.
He destroyed thousands of those and looted the money. An effective way for both.
If I had to guess his motivations was such “allah wants me to spread Islam to the people of India and allah also wants to bless me with the wealth and riches of their land.”
Marathas defeated Mughals 🔥
And then the British defeated the Marathas...
Doesn't change the fact Marathas made mughls thier lapdogs@@Historyteller346
@@Lookmaxxed_Pikachu_69Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Maratha
@@top10thingintheworld29 and what's the condition of Abdali's land now compared to Maratha land. Afganistan is trash while India prospers
@@Lookmaxxed_Pikachu_69At least the Afghans defeated the UK, USSR and USA. Did you accomplish any of that ? No. Plus, India is still far from being called prosperous...
Islamic invasion of India is one of the most brutal conflicts ever
Conflicts between Hindu rulers were just as brutal...
Terrible what happened. Islam is inherently supremacist and expansionist. Most land stealingist totalitarian ideology on Earth.
الفتح الاسلامي وليس الغزو
Yes it was not invasion, it was robbery@@user-ps8ul1nn4g
Chup andh bhakt 😂
13:30 - It also left the university of Nalanda vulnerable ...
R.I.P to one of the most important centers of knowledge in history. A loss as bad as the Library of Alexandria.
I was really dismayed to learn of that.
Some history document for India might be lost.. maybe trying to write a new history of India as a muslim country-conspiracy
Last time I was this early India was still in its golden age
Haha!
India under the Guptas was the Golden age of India. Alas all is lost because of destruction by evil foreigners. 😢
@@mudra5114
There was nothing, there was something, you wouldn’t have gotten conquered in the first place.
Wake up
@@Pyasa.shaitan What???
Wonderfully-made video! I especially loved the deeper, geo-political analyses of how Islamic states were empowered to pursue certain goals, expansionary and otherwise. Great work!
Thanks, dude! I appreciate that
Man, Indian history is soooo complicated. It's been explained to me by my Indian/Asian friends probably over 100 times, and I still barely understand it. I avoided taking Indian History in college because I knew I would fail it, even if I had tutors!!! Ha Ha
You try to be secular.
@@AJAYSINGH-ns1vv For the Hindus that are crying about hindu kings not joining forces to protect “india” 🤡 …you have been fed too much right wing Hindu propaganda and have been brainwashed into thinking that there was something as a united India before 1947 😂😂😂
There was no India back then, there were simply hindu kings and kingdoms across the Indus River , fighting with eachother for power, control and wealth. The Hindu kings would attack eachother , loot and destroy the temples in the enemy kingdoms, plunder the cities, kill and rape its inhabitants.
That’s what you will learn when you pick up actual history books, instead of getting your information through the right wing Hindu propaganda machinery giving him story lessons in WhatsApp and Facebook universities 🤡😂😂😂
7:15 is one of the main reasons for religious disharmony in India even today...interestingly modern day Indians, in general, have good relations with the Turks, Afghans or other middle eastern countries from where these attackers came .....but the disharmony is very much alive inside the subcontinent as a large number of subcontinent Muslims, in a desperate attempt to establish a separate identity from their non-Muslim ancestors, consider these attackers as their heroes ....destruction, deceit, loot, enslavement of their own people is kosher to them as Islam was spread as a result of all that .... Indians find this mentality distasteful....in fact this is a common phenomenon with most Islamic countries except Indonesia...Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan...they all had rich old cultures but somehow they all want to erase their pre-Islamic history.... with the partition of India we managed to get rid of this problem to a large extent....people who wanted their history to start with the Ghoris and Ghaznivids as their founding fathers carved up this ancient land to get their own country...thus no surprise why even rational, liberal Indians are uncomfortable with this mindset.
Well said
@Kim Jong Un you are Muslim or communist first decided that, your allah doesn't exist for communist
Wrong... Bhakts are hypocrite.
I've seen them saying to local Indian converts "you're invaders, go back to your countries"
And the same people respond to a Bloch, Pashtun or a Turk (who came with the Muslim conquerors) "no you're trying to be Arab (ignorant of the fact that Central Asia isn't Arab world), you are chanting your identity, stop acting like foreigners because you're a local convert"
@@arminius6506 the Issue isn't with Pashtuns, Baloch or Sindhis in Pakistan, rather muhajirs and Punjabi's(specifically Urdu speaking Punjabi's)
Mihajris and Urdu speaking Punjabi's Make up the bulk of the middle class in Pakistan and try to push the Islamic identity as their only identity, they destroy their own heritage and history
@@arminius6506 Muslims of the subcontinent are quite clueless.
Very confused.
Thai confusion makes them to persue aore extremist path so as to strengthen an Islamic Identity.
On even days Arabs are their fathers and on odd days Turks.
Muslim rule was the darkest period of Indian subcontinent
Do you really think that Hindu rulers were any different ? If yes, then you are more deluded than i thought...
No it was the best time in Indian history.
@@shereebanglajust like isreal is best
@@Aryavarta225 ,Israel ruled poopjeets ?
@@Historyteller346At least we could freely practice our religion under native kings and India's economy was better during pre-Islamic invasion.😇
The best thing about this video was the Intro. Did you make that yourself?
Nah, some annoying dude with half-decent animation skills did.
So, you did nothing of any value, then? Sad.
Yh besides the other 97% of the video, I didn't do anything of value.
Now you get it!
Muslim bros roasting bro talk happening here I see? 😆
Enjoying the playlist btw ⚡
Muhammad ghori was killed brutally by a hindu name ram laal khokhar. First he dragged ghouri to his village and then cut his head In front of villagers because ghouri is the same who sell their family members of khokar clans as a price of 1 dinar for 4 khokhar...... It's like a real fairy tale for hindu ... A brutal guy killed like a dog
@ghazimuhammad9587 so what's the history? If this was a myth?
It didn't happen like that...
That is simply not true. This is most likely just a local folk tale and has nothing to do with reality. Ghori was in fact killed by the Ismaili emissaries
As an American with Welsh ancestry and a fervent Catholic faith, I truly appreciate these well made videos on Islamic history. I'm a history buff and enjoy good objective history. Thank you Hikma for your excellent work! Maybe if you could show actual original Islamic states within the political map of the modern Indian subcontinent, that would really add to your videos instead of using older maps that others have made. Keep up the good work brother!
Well edited and interesting video! Also congratulations as it looks like you should pass 10,000 subscribers this weekend! 😃
Thanks Dr. Zar! Here's hoping to many more!
@@HikmaHistory You're welcome!
Hey thanks for the cool content, makes me wanna delve deeper into history of Turkic people and their migrations too :)
Glad to hear it!
A lot of people may not know but. Ghaznavids nor ghorids were the first nomads that built empire. Before Islamic era and before Turks became muslims there were some nation who came down from central asia. Kidaraties, Huns, White Huns, Saka, these people starting moving to south somewhere from 3rd century.
7:53
Ibn Kathir reports- "The Historians have mentioned that the Hindus offered Mahmud a large amount of Gold and Various treasure in a effort to stop him breaking one of their biggest idols the "Somnath". Some of his advisors told him to take The sum and leave the idol. Mahmud said- "let me pray Salat al-Istikharah and i will see!" When the morning came he said- "I have thought about the matter!" "I have seen that I would love to be called on the day of Judgment as- "Where is Mahmud the idol breaker! rather than be called- where is the one who left a idol for the world!? Then he destroyed it.May Allah have mercy on him." [Al Bidaya wa Nihaya vol 12 under things that happened in 418H]
PLEASE DON'T SPREAD MISINFORMATION.
Alhamdullilah we break the idols and the falsehood just like the prophet Ibrahim(a.s) rather than crying u should curse ur ancestors for not having enough courage to face the invaders for not Uniting ur ppl under one empire for not having any imperial army rather than offering gold in return of not breaking ur odols
@@ahad1613 instead of crying about muslims being lynched everyday in India, you should make them strong.
@@dronvirs they r responsible themselves as they had chosen to stay in india during partition
@@dronvirs mr jinnah had already suspected and warned them but were stubborn and now they'll spend rest of their lives proving loyalty to their fellow hindue brethrens who'll lynch them worse than animals
@@dronvirs u gotta accept no matter whomever ur neighbor is if u would not have a strong military and a diverse yet united empire u'll be left on their mercy the muslims themselves have faced this when the last of the abbasids were busy enjoying their lavish lives helugu khan conquered them and slaughtered baghdad
Peace! And... thank you Hikma History! Your productions are unparalleled in quality. All the best...
Congrats on 10k subs!
Thanks man!
JAI SHREE RAM from Malaysia❤
Watching my first video in the India playlist. Definitely ready to learn more about India.
Awesome! Make sure to hit the notification button to get notified of new videos!
@@HikmaHistory 👍👍👍
Absolutely love the video production level, maps, and clear explanations. Also, those Total War clips brought me immense joy.
Thank you, man!
Love your videos man!
Thanks Vignesh, make sure to hit the notification button to get notified of new videos!
I'm in love with this collaboration!
Thank you!
Nam nei apnar ? 😂
Make video covering how lalitaditya muktapida, bappa rawal and mihir bhoj defeated the Arabs.
That would defend his narrative
The ghurids were defeated by punjabi khokhar rebels in the battle of dhamyak and mohammed ghuri was killed
@ghazimuhammad9587 you porkshtuns aren't khorasani lmao
@@TM_JATTporki
Muhammad of Ghor crushed the rebellion of the Khokhars and we don't know who assassinated him...
@@History_Teller1250 muhammad of ghor was assassinated by khokhars lmao I have the sources he got packed
@@TM_JATT Firstly, here's how the Ghurid-Khokhar conflict went :
After the death of the Ghurid sultan Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad in March 1203, his younger brother, Muhammad of Ghor, succeeded him. He mounted an invasion of the Khwarezmian Empire, only to suffer a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Andhkhud which resulted in his loss to any claim to Khurasan. The disastrous expedition led to widespread insurrection in the Ghurid Sultanate with several uprisings against the authority of Muhammad.
The most potent of these insurrections were from the Hindu Khokhars who were influential in the zone between Indus Valley down to the Churia Hills. The Khokhars under their leaders Sarkha and Bakan in coalition with a chief of Salt Range - Raisal (A Khokhar Muslim leader) began raiding the Ghurid domains west of the Indus Delta around Lahore and pillaged the whole countryside. The Khokhars attempted to annex Lahore by cutting off the roads between Peshawar and Multan. The Ghurid governors stationed in these domains by Muhammad were Bahauddin Muhammad and Sulaiman who both made an attempt to oust the Khokhars but were made to fled with heavy losses.
The news of Khokhar uprising in the Punjab region reached the court of Muhammad of Ghor in Ghazna through Sirajuddin Abu Bakar. Startled by the situation, Muhammad summarily made arrangements to crush the Khokhar uprising and thus, himself advanced with a large army from Ghazna during the winters of 1205. Furthermore, Muhammad directed his lieutenant Qutubuddin Aibak who was in charge of Delhi along with Aibak's slave Iltutmish who was holding the Badaun region then to join the Ghurid forces with their respective contingents.
When the forces of Qutubuddin Aibak gathered to join Muhammad, the Khokhar rebels made an attempt to stop him from crossing the Chenab river and join his master but were defeated. A pitched battle took place a few days later between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers between rhe Khokhars and Muhammad of Ghor in which the Khokhars offered a stiff resistance from early morning until the sunset and nearly won the day, but the timely arrival of Aibak and Iltutmish decided the issue in favour of Muhammad who restored to a mass slaughter of the Khokhars after his victory.
After routing the Khokhars, Muhammad marched further in the Salt Range on the next day, where son of an eminent Khokhar chief who was in possession of a strong forteress from where they were raiding the Ghurid domains, surrendered it to the Ghurids after a brief siege and accepted Muhammad's suzerainty. After the capitulation of the forteress, several Khokhars who took refuge in it after their defeat a day before in the pitched battle, fled to the nearby forest which was callously burnt down by Muhammad and his army. After this, the Khokhar rebellion was finally over. So i'm sorry, but no, the Khokhars didn't defeat the Ghurids...
As for who Muhammad of Ghor, only one source places the accusation on some survivors from the Khokars. This source is the "Tarikh-i-Farishti" By Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi while other sources place the accusation on Muhammad II, the Shah of the Khwarezmian Empire, the Nizaris (A radical sect of Muslims which he persecuted) or even the Indian ruler Prithviraja III. I told you, we don't know who killed him as every source gives a different perpetrator...
Great video! I know essentially nothing about this time period so this was really cool to learn about. Also 3:07 is that Total War?
Thanks! Yup
@@HikmaHistory Great tastes in video games my man
thank you for covering a period in indian history that's less talked about 👍👍
My pleasure. Make sure to hit the notification button to get notified of new videos!
Nice brother. They were not great they looted and killed Indians. But I like the Abbassids and Akbar.
We call them great because they built and remade great cities
@@Aceo_0 no they didn't Mohammed of ghor was a retard. He barely knew warfare tactics. Not all conquerors were talented. He didn't built cities. He barely knew ho to manage it. After his death the khwarazme looted his empire. And the main thing is he just conquered India because he knew his muslim tribes believed in stupid prophecies like ghazutwa hind. And took advantage of it. Even though many islamic scholars like imaam Malik and hanafi regarded it as false.
@@Aceo_0they destroyed greater cities which they could never fathom to replicate
Hard work and a qualified video
Thanks
I subscribed your channel before even watching anything knowing you're odd compass's friend
I wish you would add caption for names of people and places, and also for unfamiliar words i.e. non-English words. Using youtube's CC is not helpful. Thanks
Moving in that direction where I do that quite a bit now. In the past, there were no captions!
So it was the ghaznavi’s sultan mehmmod who captured my tribes Roma gypsies and made them homeless slaves brought them into Persia destroyed our lands .. it was effective because even centuries latter my tribes were slaves in other countries for centuries .. thanks for this video it’s very informative and interesting to learn about these times in India and the ghaznivis ..
"Odd Compass" made a very detailed video about the Gypsies. He explains what had forced them to migrate from their homeland into the lands of Persia, Anatolia and Europe. The Ghaznavids and the Ottomans played a part in their history, but your forefathers were intelligent and handy people, and were respected for their work in Muslim states (especially those based in Persia).
@@ok00001 it’s true that arabs middle easterns Persians were respectful towards my ancestors during their slavery .. ghaznavi’s leaders were of Turkish origin .. the most cruel hardest times that my people faced was in Europe in the old days Roma families were rounded up tied to trees and burn them alive sh.t like that .. but thank god those days are over 🙏
Great explained big bro
الحمد لله على نعمة الإسلام
انا فخور بالدين العظيم 😊
They should put a warning sign near Somnath temple ruins: "This will be the fate of those who don't take protective measures against aggressive foreigners"
I feel like Modi is taking your advice...
His invasion wouldn't have went completely unopposed.
@@HikmaHistory true, as it should be.
@@HikmaHistory yeah why not. This land belongs to sanatan dharma people. People who think otherwise can leave this land. They should instead make videos like this and live in an alternate universe.
So the land belong to Santana Dharma people who never protected Dalits from inhumane subjugation?
That intro though.... made me want to get on a plane and go back to India
Haha yh it's not bad
Snap, I thought you were talking about the collab intro al-Muqaddimah created! Thank you!
@@HikmaHistory ha no, your first scenes! The other intro isn't bad either ;)
@@DigItWithRaven Nah, Al-Muqaddimah created that, so it's not even that good. I don't even know why people like his channel. He's overrated tbh.
😂😂😂😂
A big fan, keep'em coming 🎉
we need a video of the Delhi sultanate vid
Yes we do!
That's some nice total war footage ;)
Haha you the man!
very informative and cohesive piece of work
Wait a minuite , the map of the Lodhi dynasty as 15:28 is a map showing Babur’s conquest of India ?
Haha great eyes! But the part in green still represents the territories under the Lodi's authority.
Most brutal period in the history of India.
good
@Mughal Nationalist1 (fuck communism) Your ancestors were once Hindus before Islamic invaders came in and forced them to convert. Rich paid jizya, the poor had no way but to convert.
It is dark history, just like Nazi Germany or communist Soviet union.
@@mirzabaig17 k2we chup
@@arnavpandey3823 jali?
When they realise they r ashamed of their ancestors who couldnt even defend their lands cowards never creates empires
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
Mosques pre-dating the twelfth-century conquest of India by the Ghurid Turkic dynasty also seem to have abided by a strict avoidance of icons (aniconism ) despite - or because of? - the conspicuous presence of Hindu imagery.
Formichi, C. (2020). Becoming Muslim (Seventh to Eighteenth Centuries). In Islam and Asia: A History (New Approaches to Asian History, pp. 42-74). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316226803.005
This process would later lead to the creation of the Delhi kingdom by the Ghurids - Turco-Afghans who succeeded the Ghaznavids - during the twelfth century.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
A.D. 1200 of the Ghurid Turks, the first Muslim dynasty of the subcontinent, a new and different era begins. The rapid expansion of Muslim rule in the early thirteenth century brought peace and stability to large portions of North India for the first time in centuries. Secure borders and safe roads encouraged expansion of trade. A routinized system of administration led to the founding of a network of administrative centers.
Blake, S. (1991). City and Empire. In Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 (Cambridge South Asian Studies, pp. 1-25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511563225.002
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
Drawn from the Turkish nomads of the northern steppes, these horseback war- riors formed the ruling aristocracy of the Islamic states that would dominate north India for the following seven hundred years. The Ghaznavids (977-1186), under the leadership of Mahmud of Ghazni, conquered much of the Punjab, establishing their capital in Lahore. They were followed by another dynasty of Turkish warriors, the Ghurids (1186-1215), who under Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206-10), occupied Delhi.
Blake, S. (2016). The observatory in Shahjahanabad. In Astronomy and Astrology in the Islamic World (pp. 120-133). Edinburgh University Press.
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
(2015). Prithviraj III. In Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.), A Dictionary of World History. : Oxford University Press pp. 538
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
Keown, D. (2004). India. In A Dictionary of Buddhism. : Oxford University Press. pp. 119
It was natural that the Ghorian - Turkish conquerors should , upon choosing Delhi for their headquarters, start building their city around
Delhi Through the Ages: Selected Essays in Urban History, Culture and Society Robert Eric Frykenberg Oxford University Press pp.20
the Ghurids, another Turkic-speaking people (who had recently overthrown their Ghaznavid suzerains)
World Musics in Context: A Comprehensive Survey of the World's Major Musical Cultures Oxford University Press; Illustrated edition (April 29, 2004) pp.222
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through
the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
Afghanistan’s Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban by Nile Green University of California Press pp. 39
Much of Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and modern Pakistan were ruled by the Turkish Ghurids (ca. 390-612/ca. 1000-1215).
“Islam Spreads Its Banner: A THOUSAND YEARS OF CENTRAL ASIAN IMPERALISM: EIGHTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURIES A.D.” Afghanistan, by LOUIS DUPREE, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, 1980, pp. 312-341.
orthern and eastern India towards the end of the twelfth century and the turn of the thirteenth by the Afghan-Turkish Ghurids brought an end to Buddhist learning,
PREISENDANZ, KARIN. “THE PRODUCTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL LITERATURE IN SOUTH ASIA DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (15TH TO 18TH CENTURIES): THE CASE OF THE ‘NYĀYASŪTRA’ COMMENTARIAL TRADITION.” Journal of Indian Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 1, 2005, pp. 55-94.
Central Asia and India by a myriad of Turkish gubernatorial dynasties (Ghaznavids, Ghurids , Seljuks, Khwarazmshahs), Persian moved ahead of Arabic as the legitimising lan- guage of choice. N
Mitchell, Colin. “Reconsidering State and Constituency in Seventeenth-Century Safavid Iran: The Wax and Wane of the Munshi.” Secretaries and Statecraft in the Early Modern World, edited by Paul M. Dover, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2016, pp. 206-234.
Lahore became a capital of two Turko-Afghan dynasties, first the Ghaznavids and later the Ghurids .
DUNN, ROSS E. "Delhi." In The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century, 183-212. University of California Press, 2012.
Fuller Islamization took place between the tenth and the twelfth century through the efforts of the Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids . Based in the high mountains of central Afghanistan
Azad, Arezou. “The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan: Conquest, Acculturation, and Islamization.” Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban, edited by Nile Green, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2017, pp. 41-55.
But, the Ghurid Turks and Simnanis defeated 'Masud Badshah' in the plains of Poshang on 13 Safar
HAIDER, MANSURA. “THE REVOLT OF MAHMUD TARABI AND THE SARBADAR MOVEMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 52, 1991, pp. 939-949.
An account of the revelation and early history of Islam including the Umayyad conquest of Sindh is followed by a section entitled "Turks", which subsumes the Ghaznavid raids, the Ghurid conquests and the Delhi
Flatt, Emma J. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 76, no. 1, 2013, pp. 136-138.
Yet, so poor is our understand- ing of the existing system of Hindu power, that the reasons for the ultimate victory of the Ghurid Turks
Stein, Burton. The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, 1966, pp. 353-354.
These included the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek, Mauryan, Parthian, Saca, Yiieh- Chih, Kushan, Sassanian, Hepthalite, Hindu-Shahi, early Muslim Arab, Abbasid, Tahirid, Samanid, Saffarid, Ilek Khan Turk, Ghaznavid, Turkish Ghorid , Seljuk Turk, Turkish Khwarazm Shah, Delhi Sultans, Mongol, Kart, Timurid, Shaybani, Safavid
“Historical Factors Shaping Modern Afghanistan.” Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban, by LARRY P. GOODSON, University of Washington Press, Seattle; London, 2001, pp. 23-53.
In his paper on Some Studies in Pre- Mughal Historiography, Mr. P. Hardy holds that Ghorid Turkish invaders "did make possible, however, the introduction of historiography as a deliberate form of cultural expression with a conscious interest in what actually happened in the past, into Hindustan proper"
Datta, K.K. India Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, 1964, pp. 70-77.
The army which Shihab - u'd - din Ghuri led to defeat at the first battle of Tarain consisted entirely of Ghurian Turks ( now called Hazaras ) and the Khaljis , who lived on the banks of the river Helmund.
Religion and Politics in India During the Thirteenth Century K̲h̲alīq Aḥmad Niz̤āmī, Khaliq Ahmad Nizami Oxford University Press, 2002 pp.29
Footnote He states: “The invasions of the Ghurian Turks brought about this great social and economic revolution
OBROCK, L. (2020). Uddhara's World: Geographies of Piety and Trade in Sultanate South Asia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1-23. doi:10.1017/S1356186320000528
Shut up, no one is gonna believe that, Ghorids were either Pashtuns or Tajiks, both are Eastern Iranian groups. Although I must say there were some Turks who served in Ghorid army.
I can't read that much
Mahmood captured several Hindus and made them slaves. He sold them in the slave markets of Baghdad, Samarkand and Bukhara. Excess of money and slaves encouraged immorality and luxury in Ghazni. The soldiers lost their previous valour and led the country towards downfall.
Besides economic and cultural loss, India had to face the fanaticism of Mahmood. He compelled the inhabitants of India to accept Islam and used force for conversion. Muslim preachers also came to India along with warriors and they tried to convert as many Hindus to islam as possible. A great number of Hindus were converted to the fold of Islam due to the efforts of these preachers. The bloody acts of Mahmood created a feeling of hatred among the Hindus towards the Muslims.
Mahmood’s expedition not only proved harmful for the political and economic set-up of the country but also destroyed the art and culture of the people of India. He devastated the cities, temples, idols and historical monuments so badly that they could never be restored for want of funds. It marred the cultural progress of the country and wounded the civilization and culture to a great extent.
The chief aim of Mahmood was to plunder the wealth of India. Prior to his expeditions, India was a prosperous country and called “the golden bird.” A huge treasure had been gathering in the temples of India since centuries. Mahmood hit the economic condition of India by reaping the harvest of gold and thus jeopardized the economic structure of the country.
Man Hindu Indians and muslim Indians do not get along. Drama is real.
Thank you
tion reveals on the one hand differences between the literary norm and the dialectal practice , and on the other hand - the fact that in someplaces the Iranian - speaking population in towns coexisted side by side with autochthnonous non - Iranian inhabitants in rustaks ( rural regions ) .
In the middle of the 10th century , the population of the Ghur province in all probability was non - Iranian . That assumption is confirming from the next remark by al - Istakhri : “ Their speech differs from the language of Khurasanians ” ( p . 281 ) .
The contrasting of the Ghur language with the language of Khurasanian people ( not with any dialect ) indirectly indicates to the prevalence of another , non - Iranian ethnic group in Ghur .
Aliy Kolesnikov. “The Early Muslim Geographers on the Ethnic Situation in Khurasan (IX-XIII Centuries A.D.).” Iran & the Caucasus, vol. 1, 1997, pp. 17-24.
Good Old Days
Ghurid are Tajik ( Iranic ) origin .
@@joerogue231
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to belong to the Afghans; if it is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus:-"The first who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turks, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor.
The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject:-" When the dynasty of Sultan Mahmud and his descendants became extinct, Sultan Moezz Uddin ben Sam, who is known in Hindustan by the name of Shahab Uddin Ghori, set up for absolute monarch
Nimat Allah, H. (2013). ANNOTATIONS ON PART THE FIRST. In B. Dorn (Trans.), History of the Afghans: Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah (Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 255-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507653.014
tion reveals on the one hand differences between the literary norm and the dialectal practice , and on the other hand - the fact that in someplaces the Iranian - speaking population in towns coexisted side by side with autochthnonous non - Iranian inhabitants in rustaks ( rural regions ) .
In the middle of the 10th century , the population of the Ghur province in all probability was non - Iranian . That assumption is confirming from the next remark by al - Istakhri : “ Their speech differs from the language of Khurasanians ” ( p . 281 ) .
The contrasting of the Ghur language with the language of Khurasanian people ( not with any dialect ) indirectly indicates to the prevalence of another , non - Iranian ethnic group in Ghur .
Aliy Kolesnikov. “The Early Muslim Geographers on the Ethnic Situation in Khurasan (IX-XIII Centuries A.D.).” Iran & the Caucasus, vol. 1, 1997, pp. 17-24.
The Ghurids (1149-1215) A Sunni Turkic dynasty that grew out of its original base Firuzkuh (near Jam) in Afghanistan and expanded into India; its most famous ruler, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (r. 1163-1203) , was also a patron of artchitecture, such as structures at Herat,Jam, and Chist.Ghiyath
El-Hibri, T. (2021). The Abbasid Caliphate: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.295
They probably were Iranian Bactrians, I guess, but maybe of distant Hunnic, Turkic or Iranian Hephtalite (Abdali Alan) origin
Muhammad bin Qasim
Mehmood Ghaznavi
Muhammad of Ghor
Mamluks Delhi Sultanate
Tughlaqs
Tamerlane
Sayyids
Lodhi
Babur
Suri
Mughals
Nadir Shah
Ahmed Shah Abdali
Sending salam ❤ to all south asia muslim community pkistan-bngladesh-india-sr lnka-mldives-afghnstan from jkrta cty terima kasih-sukraan-thx for made n share this video
Love these vidoes brother (afghan living in australia).
Glad to hear it Bilal!
Studying history is not merely knowing about just about rulers, their prime motives, royal authorities and their family trees. It includes the condition of people, the stages in advancement (if any) and the effect of wars on people. While studying history one can experience several blots and shocking realities. One would come across varied opinions regarding any historical event. However, secular approach has to taken while interpreting history. As far as ruling powers are concerned, especially those who desired to declare their supremacy as well as their own pride should not be considered as 'Upholders of a particular religion' or even as someone who are wholly representing a particular faith. Religion is not the sole legacy of a specific monarch. Moreover, it is not specific that all persons of a fixed background would favour/praise/hate any rule. Personal opinions are respected, but imposing any opinion just by self-estimation is incorrect.
Could the same be said for the Crusades and modern day Israel?
yes absolutely . otherwise these muslims are just hypocrites @@nalinpiyaratna9059
@@anime4life636Yeah, yeah, whatever you say...
According to Dr. Ishwari Prasad. "To the Musalmans of his day he was a Ghazi, a champion of the faith, who tried to extir- pate infidelity in heathen lands. To the Hindus, he is to this day an inhuman tyrant, a veritable Hun, who destroyed their religious susceptibilities. But the unbiased enquirer who keeps in mind the peculiar circumstances of the age must record a different ver dict. In his estimate. Mahmud was a great leader of men, a just andight ruler according to his own lights, an intrepid and gifted soldier, a dispenser of justice. a patron of letters and deserves to be ranked among the greatest kings of the world."
According to Sir Wolseley Haig. "Mahmud is one of the most prominent figures in the history of Islam. During the reign of thirty-two years, he extended his empire over the whole of the country now known as Afghanistan, the greater part of Persia and Transoxiana and the Punjab. He is stated to have made a vow to wage every year a holy war against the misbelievers of India. and he invaded the country no fewer than 17 times, ex- tinguishing ruling house of the Punjab, crossed the Ganges, pene- trated into Bundelkhand and reached the western sea."
According to Havell, the Musalmans of Mahmud's time were justified in declaring that Mahmud was endowed with all the qualities of a Prince and reflected lustre upon the faith. Mahmud was a brilliant commander in the field. As a dashing cavalry leader, he had no equal. He exploited the culture of India and Persia as systematically and zealously as he plundered the temples of the Hindus. He had no constructive genius as a statesman nor any profound religious convictions. He would have sacked Bagdad with as little compunction as he plundered Somnath if the under- taking seemeed profitable and easy. He did not hesitate to threaten the Khalifa with death when the latter refused to give him Samarkand. Havell refers to the cheating of Firdousi by Mahmud and his exactions from his subjects. Havell also refers to the fact that Muhmud took away from India not only its gold and the precious stones but also Indian craftsmen so that the latter could be employed for purpose of constructing great buildings in Ghazni.
Professor S.R. Sharma is of the view that Mahmud was a seasoned soldier. Fear did not find any place in his heart. His army won against the rulers of India "like a comb through a poll of hair." "Forts and cities surrendered as the great Sultan passed by; abject chiefs placed their followers at his disposal. He fought when necessary but more often triumphed by mere prestige." Mahmud was an angel to his Muslim subjects at Ghazni and the devil incarnate to infidels abroad. Whatever his greatness at home, he was merely a gifted condotteire so for as the people of India were concerned’
According to Dr. R. C. Majumdar, Mahmud appears to the historians of India merely "as an insatiable invader. He was neither a missionary for the propagation of religion in this country nor an architect of empire. The main object of his eastern expeditions seems to have been the acquisition of the 'wealth of Ind' and the destruction of the morale of its custodians. The annexation of the Punjab was a measure of necessity rather than of choice. Never- theless, it would be a mistake to assume that his invasions had no permanent political results in India He drained the wealth of the country and despoiled it of its military resources to an appalling extent The Ghaznavid occuration of the Punjab served as the key to unlock the gates of the Ir tian interior., Big cracks were made in the great fabric of Indian pity, and it was no longer a question of whether but when that ge-old structure would fall. Neither the Arabs nor the Ghaznavid (Yamini) Turks succeeded in adding India to the growing empire of Islam, but they paved the way for the final struggle which overwhelmed the Gangetic kingdoms some two hundred years later."
Dr. Tarachand says that even a cursory perusal of the activi- ties of Mahmud shows that his aims were not the propagation of the faith or the exaltation of the glory of Islam, but purely territorial aggrandisement and plunder. It is true that he was honoured with the high-sounding titles like the "Ramin-al- Daulah wa Amir-al-Millat" by Caliph Al Qadir, but this was a reward for Mahmud's support of Qadir against the Samanid Amir Nuh Bin Mansur who refused to recognise him. In later life, Mahmud himself intended to bring the Caliph under his control. Mahmud was undoubtedly the greatest general of his age and perhaps one of the greatest of all times who, by his matchless skill and indefatig able energy, overturned numerous principalities, vanquished a host of chiefs, devastated cities, sacked and pillaged temples and harried regions from Ispahan in the West to Banaras in the East. But in spite of the eulogies of his blind admirers like the historian Utbi the poets Farukhi and Unsuri and their modern imitators, he remains in the category of such world-shakers as Atilla and Chingiz who rendered little service to religion or human progress. Firdausi called him a king who knew neither faith, nor law, nor manners.
Add more history channels to discovery of India series
I am Indian 🇮🇳
Dang everyone is posting India stuff today. Wait there's a collaboration thing going on
lol. +1 for your name as well.
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans/ Tarikh-i-khan jahani wa makhzan-i-Afghani
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/view/1/304/
Chronicler: thesaurus.babylon-software.com/Nimat%20Allah%20al-Harawi
Original Work:
archive.org/details/TarikhEKhanJahaniOMakhzanEAfghaniJildEAwwal-KhwajaNematullahBinKhwajaHabeebullahAl-HarawiFarsi
You're a Greek.
Bot.
Wikeup To Realty To son
Just See Me Suri Tribe Turkic I well accept ghurid was Turkic origin 😂😂
🦃🦃
Could you please make an video on the pala empire.
The Second Battle of Tarain is certainly the most defining turning point in Indian history, when Delhi and thus, Northern Indian Subcontinent and eventually virtually the whole Indian Subcontinent fell to these Islamic dynasties of foreign origin.
Q : if no muslim have been harm at that time in India (now days bloody hindu muslim conflict) .
How he became champion of Islam?
Do killing people, making them slave, looting wealth is permissible in Islam
No, it isn't. That's only your delusional perspective...
The origin of ghori sultanate is a mixture of Turks, Afghans and persians because if you see there were suri kings exists in ghori empire and when the empire falls it divided and emerged as Kartids in Afghanistan and Delhi sultanate in india which is dominated by the dynasties of Turco-Afghans.
Mix of persian turk and afghan is called Hazara
They were Punjabi’s as well let’s not forget
Those kids who thinks all Asian empires are turkic
@@alanking703 hazara are Original from Mongolia
@@quiasnoorzad The only punjabi empire is sikh empire, no other empire of punjabis existed in history.
Islam brought dark ages upon thw world.. unlike Iran, India has survived it and is springing back to its glory
Hazara, Uzbek and Turkmen history ghurid and mehmood Ghaznavi empire
Don't be stupid, neither Hazara, nor Uzbek had been existed in that time, the Mongol Hazara came later, Uzbek also emerged after shibanian of Mongol too,the guried dynasty belongs to tajiks people, because they kicked off the slave turk out of gazni,please read history, not write from your imagination.
The Islamic invasions in India were the deadliest genocide in the human history! It was brutal and killed 8 to 10 million people, destroyed and looted several thousands of temples, burnt the worlds greatest university at that time - Nalanda, built tombs on top of thousands of dead bodies, and built masks on top of Hindus sacred temples! Generally Hindu philosophy allows all people to coexist and practice their belief system. Hope the existing world religions would learn the way of peaceful life from Hindu scriptures which is universal to all and talks about how to think good thoughts and cleanse the mind! Bottom line, this is a short life and do good to the society, without differentiating peoples faith!
Who invented the degotary term like pissfull and ricebag to designate muslim and Christian
Nalanda was still in operation for about a century after it's destruction by the turkic invaders so it wasnt completely destroyed
@@Trollge398good. They don't deserve respect
Care to give us your technique to know that 10.000.000 people were killed or are you just trying to force the narrative of "Hindus are good and Muslims are bad" ?
@@xiuhcoatl4830Do you really think that Hindu rulers were any different ? If yes, then you are more deluded than i thought...
So disappointing that the Hindu kings fought each other during this period and didn't join forces and push back the Muslim forces and push into their territory and capture it. Terrible
dreams
@@mirzabaig17 nope, its fact
Cope
300.000 still cant faced 120.000 ghurid
@Typk Mb lol, you out of my point
Mughal and ghurid was different
My point is ghurids defeated 300.000 rajput confederancy
If you say so...
Battle of chebel chudi
120 khwarezmian vs 3.000 indian
Battle of sinama
500 khwarezmian vs 6.000 indian
Interesting. Jazzak Allah akhy.
Excellent video 📹
Little known fact when the Ghaznavids were running with their booty/ treasure, the India , Hindu were able to recover their booty.
I'm very much interested for Muslim empire of Indian subcontinent pls continue it♥️
This was a strange video. Somehow you managed to make bloody conquest with enormous slaughter of innocent lives sound like a righteous and almost funny story. Was that your purpose?
If we knew everything that happened to the last detail, we would not be able to sleep at night. Be happy with this because it's the only way of narrating to us these wars without being traumatised...
Amazing angle of history: while crusading war in the Arabia opaerc
What if Muhammad of Ghazni met with The Emperors of Chola!..
Btw,Prithivan Chauan is one of the best 5 warriors in indian history
Lol. No. He wouldn't even make it to top 10. He is only hyped because of lack of knowledge about Indian history and his battle against Ghori.
Sorry but not even close. Your statement is historically inaccurate. Only ultra nationalists hype him up
@@commiebatman2078
For real, I don’t care if they are Muslim or Hindu. But Chauhan was incompetent
@@60ritikanand69 can u name your top 5. I’d like to read about them
@@lakshbk If you include foreign origin dynasties as well, you would get more names like Kanishka, Malik Kafur, Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Alauddin Khalji etc
You all 10 youtubers failed to mention that it was Mahatama Gandhi's Birthday on 2nd October and these 13 vedios are a tribute to him. LOL . Maybe the boss behind the plan knows this. HAHAHA...
Thank you anyway buddy for making such a beautiful vedio.
No way? Totally missed us, haha. Thank you!
Muslim thought that they are omnipotent ' ' but in reality they are not.
👌
Glad Hindu forces fought the Muslims and defended their land and faith
Why would a Christian side with polytheists? You have your loyalties wrong. Open your Bible, see how God curses idol worshippers.
LOL 😂..
Hindus were losers.. muslims defeated muslims (sad truth)
India was colonised and ruled by Muslims several times the Mughal empire comfortably ran India for over 300years
Defeated 😂 they were slaves of Muslims for 600 years every major empire has fallen what matters is how great the empire was
@@aryaputram 600 years we ruled you and you consider that a victory 😂
Muhammad Habib didn't know Persian but is an expert on the Medieval era, Romila Thapar has no idea of Sanskrit, Pali, etc but is regarded as a Historian of ancient India. To quote Muhammad Habib for history is as good as quoting the church presenting the Geocentric model of the solar system. Denying genocide and religious hate towards Hindus should be criminalized as the holocaust. Fact- The caliph sent a laudatory letter to Md of Gazni after he broke the Somnath temple calling him the 'Right hand of Islamic State' and ' Guadian of Islamic faith' but our Marxist cabal will say Islamic invasions were political in nature and have nothing to do with religion.
Why does this happen 😢
@@VishwamitraYT_10M India's intellectuals as a class are responsible for Western understandings of India. The West is not sending fact-finding missions to India. Their knowledge of India comes from a relatively small number of Highly elite intellectuals who have access to Western publications. These anti-India pseudo-intellectuals misquote and misrepresent India in history and on Political grounds.
Yes, it had nothing to do with religion. It was all political. The only problem is that you Hindu nationalists try to make other religions look bad to feel good about yourselves. It's pathetic...
Because that temple was built on the money of dalits.
@@jacksparow25Dalit support British.
Destroyer of humanity
Wow so Afghans have a huge part how islam spread all over modern day Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Pretty interesting!
Those who live by the sword will die by the sword!
My grandpa was a solider and he died peacefully in his sleep.
@@Notreallyhereanymore Being a soldier is honorable. Can't say the same for an imperialist.
the difference is miniscule@@warpdrive9229
Do u know about Bappa rawal :D
I've come across his name in relation to the Arab invasion in the 8th century.
Yes, i know. He's the founder of the Kingdom of Mewar...
Indian keyboard warriors 😂😂
Ghaznavids we're absolute chads
Beginning of the worst period in Indian history
Nope. Only according to you...
@@Historyteller346lol you mad?
@@InsaneCopePosseThe only mad people i see are Hindu nationalists...
@@soumayahdidi2152*mad
Why so many empires originated from Central asia ?
My hypothesis - mix of two reasons. 1. Warrior-type peoples (proves pivotal in the conquest phase). 2. In close proximity to the Persian-style governance models (proves pivotal after the conquest phase where they have to establish governance).
Horses and archers of central asia the best in the world.
@@HikmaHistory wouldn't u also say the region was much poorer while closer to them the lands of Persia and india were richer... also when rhe invasions happened india was heavily divided which led to there success
I mean India is right beside Central Asia so invasions are bound to happen. It has nothing to do with being poor or rich but mainly logistics and to establish a foothold in a foreign land. Ancient Egypt had an empire stretching all the way to Syria yet they were a wealthy civilization.
Since I understand in history a large number of the Mongals also were Islamic. How much does this affect the mapping and time sequencing of maps.
Superb 👏👏👏👏
Thanks!
The Arab, Turkish, And Persian powers were pretty dramatic and theatric on the Indian Subcontinent
Arabs never invaded India. It was mostly Afghans and Turks.
@@GreaterAfghanistanMovement Arab invaded modern day Pakistan .
@@GreaterAfghanistanMovement Ghurid are Tajik people ( Iranic ) so yeah Afghan .
Ghaznavid were Turko-Persian .
Mahmud of Ghazni was half Persian and half Turk .
@@joerogue231 Ghorids were Afghans/Pashtuns and Arabs never invaded India. You were converted by Afghans and Turks.
@@GreaterAfghanistanMovement Ghurid being Pashtun is no longer supported by most historian .
Ghurid are Tajik .
so two brother Sultans,
Peter Croves indeed :)))
Indians consider ghurids as continuation of ghaznavids
Yh, it's quite unique in the sense that they co-operated. Instead of... you know... murdering each other
@@HikmaHistory The Ghurid are Tajik ( Iranic ) people .
Their empire was Persian / Iranian Empire .
Ghaznavid empire was Persian / Iranian empire .
Mahmud of Ghazni was half Turk and half Persian .
Alhamdulilah
I just have a doubt that Khorasan Went whose rule Ghurids or Seljuqs?
The first time I read the name of Mahmud was in the Book of government or Rules for Kings, by Nizam Al Mulk. Such a hero and an example for any man, noble or commoner, Muslim or not. I know that many of the tales he appears on may be legend, but it doesn't change the fact that his figure left an impact on me.
Nice work. Got you a new subscriber from Mexico. Hope to see you collaborate with more history channels too, as you just did with History Marche.
Mulla video. Conquest is true but you haven't shown cruelty of mullism.
cry about it. hindu. Do cry about it. we have made a grave mistake with your kind.
@@azmolhossain9244 we don't cry rather we laugh at your superficial and abstract thinking
@@premprasun1516You're not any different from us...
Do you really think that Hindu rulers were any different ? If yes, then you are more than i thought...
@@premprasun1516Why you harsh on a kind Muslim admitting mistake of past? Arrogance is not good brother.
India is incredible, muslim rules hindu and girls are used to represent a dancers to muslim and satisfied them...
Not true...
Yes, ghaznah, that is now known as ghazni. Can we do the same with andalusian names?
Bro the ghurid were Tajiks, allah historians agreed nowadays they used to speak in Farsi Persian language they were tajiks and tajiks means Persian native people tribe . It’s clear why don’t you mention?
😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣 nice joke
The claim that the Ghurids mentioned in a single source are of Tajik (Arab) origin is a rubbish claim.
All other sources say that it is of Turkish origin. Especially Nimat Allah al Harawi explain this by giving very detailed and reliable sources.
First of all, we should explain that the medieval use of the word tajik is for Arabs and has nothing to do with modern day Tajiks.
According to Jūzjānī they are the Shansabani dynasty originating from Ghur in central Afghanistan. He describes them as the descendants of Arab settlers who were Persianised.
Sometime between 716/7/24 to 8/21, an envoy from Caliph Sulayman (r. 715-717) arrived in China. In Chinese 黑密牟尼蘇利漫: a rendering of Kha[līfat]-Amīr [al-]muʾminīn-Sulaymān. Arabs in Chinese were known as Tāzīks 大食 (from Persian or a related language).
Note that Ghorids were not Tajiks in the meaning of Farsiwan. They are called Tajiks because they claimed to be descendants of Zahhak, an evil Arab king of Persian mythology who had serpents growing out of his shoulders.
Ghuris are Afghans, who are Taziks are Tajiks , and claimed Arab origin. The Brigg ‘s version of the passage given above is thus [Vol.I, p.49)
In their own genealogy, they were claiming descent from Zuhak bin Tazi , the legendary Arab king of Iran and in early period the descendants of Arab settlers in Persia were called Taziks or Tajiks.
Zahhak was originally an Arab prince and a good but somewhat naīve man.
Etymology of this word Tajik, the most probable is that which makes it a corrupt form of the Pahlvi word, Tazi, an Arab, a word still current in modern Persian with the same meaning. All the dictionaries give Tazi as meaning the descendants of Arabs in Persia or any other
A Turkic runic inscription in Southern Kazakhstan dating to 720 AD, refers to Arab invaders as "Taziks" (Tajiks). The term Tazik or Tajik was originally applied to Arabs or their descendants in Ajam.
The derivation from tāzīk ‘tribesman of Ṭayyiʾ, Ṭāʾī, Arab’ was first proposed almost a century before Schaeder (p. 17, note 5) and has been widely accepted among scholars. The Middle Persian word tāzīk/ tāzīgis found in the Dēnkard in reference to the lineage of the hated usurper Z˜aḥḥ≥āk, thus unequivocally ‘Arab’ (see Shahbazi, p. 216). An analogy to the derivation from Ṭayyiʾ, or its shortened form Ṭayy, or the adjective ṭāʾī, is to be seen in rāzīk (New Persian rāzi) ‘citizen of Ray’ (for arguments tracing these to forms such as tāyčīk and *rāyčīk, see Schaeder, pp. 27; Sundermann, p. 166).
Hence the Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of the Iranian word, täžik, to designate their Muslim adversaries in general. For example, the rulers of the south Indian Chalukya dynasty and Rashtrakuta dynasty also referred to the Arabs as "Tajika" in the 8th and 9th century.[34][35]
Another proof that the word Tajik means arabic is the medieval historian Michael the Syrian.
When talking about the Fatimids, he mentioned it as the Caliphate of Tajiks.
The origin of the name Tajik has been embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia. The explanation most favored by scholars is that the word evolved from the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) Arab tribe. *
factsanddetails.com/central-asia/Tajikistan/sub8_6a/entry-4848.html
Secondly, it should be said that the word Turushka in Indian sources means Turkish and the Ghaznavids and Ghurids are mentioned as Turushka in many Indian sources.
The Gahadavalas inscriptions mention a Turushka-danda ("Turkic punishment"[10]) tax,was collected to pay a tribute to the Ghaznavid (Turkic) overlord.[11]
1178 CE Kiradu inscription, issued during the reign of the Chaulukya Bhima II, records repairs to a temple damaged by the Turushka. These Turushkas are identified with the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor, who were defeated by the Chaulukya forces at the Battle of Kasahrada.
used by contemporary Indians to describe the conquerors was not 'Muslim' but 'Turk' (turushka).
Assam , which recorded that a Turushka force reached the Brahmaputra and there met with destruction in 1206 AD
Gauhati, Assam, which recorded that a Turushka force reached the Brahmaputra
in the opposition of the Indian terms Tajik (“Arab”)/Turushka (“Turk”)
www.cambridge.org/core/books/worlds-of-the-indian-ocean/india-from-the-chola-empire-to-the-delhi-sultanate/AAE93A668B76B5468482B68321F3DF0B
their linguistic affiliation ( most typically as Turk, “turushka”)
ufdc.ufl.edu/aa00011683/00001
military successes against the Ghurids (called " Turushka" and "Hammira")
wikivisually.com/wiki/Bhima_II
These Turushkas are identified with the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor,
synonymsbot.com/turushkas
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans/ Tarikh-i-khan jahani wa makhzan-i-Afghani
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
www.wdl.org/en/item/3034/view/1/304/
Chronicler: thesaurus.babylon-software.com/Nimat%20Allah%20al-Harawi
Original Work:
archive.org/details/TarikhEKhanJahaniOMakhzanEAfghaniJildEAwwal-KhwajaNematullahBinKhwajaHabeebullahAl-HarawiFarsi
In 1150, the Ghurid sultanate, another Turkish
confederacy, captured
J. Gordon Melton
Ghaznavids (977-1186), a new dynasty of Afghan Turks, the Ghurids, undertook the invasion of the Ganges Valley and founded Delhi in 1193.
Claude Markovits
“ Coming from central Afghanistan, the Ghorids, who were also of Turkish stock, then invaded India... ”
Afghanistan: a new history - Martin Ewans
In 1148, Ala-ud-Din of the nomadic Guzz Turks from the mountains of Afghanistan conquered the region of Ghur in eastern Iran, which gave its name to his Ghurid Empire (1148 - 1215).
studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/buddhism-islam-advanced/buddhist-muslim-interaction-later-abbasid-period/ghurid-campaigns-on-the-indian-subcontinent
The Turks invaded the city of Lal Kot in AD 1192 and with this brought in the Sultanate rule.
The first set of boundaries were acquired over twenty-seven Hindu-Jain temples that were demolished as an act of war to establish the power of Ghurid Turk rule in the newly acquired city of Delhi.
artsandculture.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/QRUfDAo-
Sultan Muhammad Ghauri, a Turk who successfully campaigned in the northwestern region of India between 1176 and 1182, but was defeated in his first battle in northern India by Indian King Prithviraj Chauhan; but Ghauri returned in June 1192 when he defeated Prithviraj. He captured Delhi in 1199, but established his kingdom formally in 1206.[8]
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghauri_(missile)
Mahmud Ghazni and Muhammad Ghori were both Turks from Central Asia.
m.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/myth-buster/cid/1431452
The Sāmānids, Ghaznavids, Ghūrids, and Seljuqs were of Oğuz extraction.
www.britannica.com/art/Central-Asian-arts/Eastern-Turkistan
In the 12th century the Ghūrid Turks were driven out of Khorāsān and later out of Ghazna by the Khwārezm-Shah dynasty.
www.britannica.com/place/India/The-Rajputs#ref485520
The Sultanate period, which lasted from the late twelfth to the early sixteenth centuries, began with the invasion of India by Muiz al-Din Ghori, who was of Turkish origin.
Historical writing too was something that the Ghorid Turks introduced to India, starting a tradition that continued through the Mogul historians to the British, French, and South Asian historians of modern times.
www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/islam/islam/muslim
At the beginning of the 11th century, Turkish rulers from Afghanistan (the Ghaznavids and later the Ghurids) mounted military campaigns over the mountain passes into the Indian subcontinent.
www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/pakistanis
In the wake of his invasions, Turkish rule was establishment in India, between 1192-1206 ce.
It is well known that before an indigenous Indo-Muslim state was established in India in 1192 ce, there had been several raids by Persianized Turks who looted major cities and temples to support their power bases in Afghanistan.
www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/india-ancient-and-medieval
In 1192 A.D., the Turkish leader, Muhammad of Ghur, defeated the Rajputs at the second battle of Tarain, gaining control of the Kingdom of Delhi.
www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/razia
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks.
www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/pakistan-bangladesh/pakistan/history
“In 1173 Muhammad rose to control the Turkish Ghurid Empire, centered in what is now west central Afghanistan. Finding his ambitions to control Central Asia blocked by other Turkish-influenced states, he embarked on yearly raids into northern India, which was then largely Hindu. ”
www.indiaforums.com/forum/topic/959597?pn=56 (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia)
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks.
encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Pakistan
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks. The first Turki invaders reached Bengal c.1200 and an important Muslim center was established there, principally through conversion of the Hindus.
www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/pakistan-bangladesh/pakistan/history
Historical writing too was something that the Ghorid Turks introduced to India
www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Muslim.html
In 1192 A.D., the Turkish leader, Muhammad of Ghur, defeated the Rajputs at the second battle of Tarain, gaining control of the Kingdom of Delhi.
biography.yourdictionary.com/razia
as by the recently con- verted Turkish tribes (Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, and others) who were to transform India.
brill.com/search?pageSize=10&sort=relevance&q4=Ghorids
… was usurped by chiefs of Turkish origin , the Ghaznavids , Ghurids , and Seljuks , who leaned on orthodox Islam against both Sh ' ism and Zoroastrianism .
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=vg3YAAAAMAAJ&dq=ghaznavids%2CENCYCLOPEDIAAMERICANA&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids (Encyclopedia Americana)
Muhammad Ghori, the Turkic invader.
brill.com/search?page=2&pageSize=10&q5=Muhammad+Ghori&sort=relevance
In 1192, the Turkic ruler Muhammad of Ghor established the Delhi sultanate, a state that brought Islam and Muslim culture to the northern Indian subcontinent. The combined Hindu and Muslim influences inspired a new culture that laid the groundwork for the achievements of the Mughal Empire, which replaced the Delhi sultanate in 1526.
www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780190622718.001.0001/acref-9780190622718-e-136
Although he was victorious in 1192 , in his first encounter with the Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri, in 1193 he was defeated and killed thus opening the way for the founding of the Delhi sultanate.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghuri&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
The Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197 and Vikramaśīla in 1203 , burning their libraries and destroying priceless literary and artistic treasures.
www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=Ghori&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true
Ghurids, Delhi's Sultans were Turkic and great patrons of Persianate culture.
ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53a48196-ac0e-4510-b74d-794c48e976ed/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=THESIS01&type_of_work=Thesis
post-nomadic Turko-Mongol dynasties in the subcontinent-the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids and their Turkish military slaves, the Khalajis, Tughluqs, and Sayyids all lasted a mere hundred years or even less.
www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935369.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935369-e-29
A century and a half after Mahmud's death, Ghazni itself was seized by rival Turkish Ghurids, also fierce Central Asian nomads in origin.
www.homeworkmarket.com/files/11-wolperttheimpactofislamonindia1-pdf
(Oxford University Press)
The Turkish invasion and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate
www.shaalaa.com/textbook-solutions/c/oxford-university-press-solutions-class-7-the-trail-history-and-civics-for-icse-middle-school-chapter-4-the-turkish-invasion-and-the-establishment-of-the-delhi-sultanate_2353
The Ghoris were a Turk tribe. Their rule began with the murder of two Ghori brothers at the hands of Bahram Shah of Ghazni.
Though the first Ghori Turks entered the subcontinent around 1175, Ghorid rule did not take a consolidated shape till 20 years after Ghazni’s devastation.
oup.com.pk/pub/media/teaching-guides/Know%20Your%20World/Teaching%20Guide%207.pdf
Ghaznavid and Ghurid, both of the Turkish dynasties.
dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_acku_ds_354_6_h3_p65_1989
by the invading Ghūrīd Turks.
insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_3_3_RCKapoor.pdf
Ghurids ( Turks)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119199601.index/pdf
To the east, Ghurid Turks entered northern India in 1192, and they, their successors, or former vassals ruled for some three centuries in a tract of history that can loosely be called the Sultanate Period
www.slv.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/La-Trobe-Journal-91-Barbara-Brend.pdf
the Ghurid Turks were driven out of Khurasan and later out of Ghazna by the Khwarzim Shahis .
shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/55107/6/06_chapter%201.pdf
Ghurid Turks defeat the Ghazni Turks in the Punjab.
www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/07/ssn.html
Some of the prominent names of Turkish rulers in Hindustan are Mahmud of Ghazni, Muhammad Gori, Kutubuddin Aybak, Iltutmish, Balban, and of course, Khiljis (known as Halach, in Turkish kh becomes h) and Tughlaks.
www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/turkish.html
Both Kushans and White Huns prevented spreading of Iranian states to Afghanistan and India and set the stage for Turkish formations (Gokturks, Ghaznavids, Ghurid dynasty, Mughals) that would come after them in this region.
un-pub.eu/ojs/index.php/pntsbs/article/download/1548/pdf/un-pub.eu/ojs/index.php/pntsbs/article/download/1548/pdf/
The period between the decline of the Mauryans and the arrivel of the Ghurid Turks in c. A.D.
1200 is not one of the particular interest for students of Indian urbanization.
assets.cambridge.org/97805213/90453/sample/9780521390453ws.pdf
Toward the end of the twelfth century, however, the Ghaznavids were themselves overrun by another Turkish confederation, the chiefs of Ghur, located in the hills of central Afghanistan.
One of the clearest statements of this political vision was given by Fakhr al-Din Razi (d. 1209) of Herat, a celebrated Iranian scholar and jurist who served several Khurasani princes, in particular those of the Ghurid dynasty of Turks.
publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft067n99v9&chunk.id=ch02&toc.depth=1&toc.id=ch02&brand=ucpress
Ghurid Turks led by Muhammad of Ghur (reigns 1173-1206) defeat Ghazni Turks in Punjab.
silo.pub/columbia-chronologies-of-asian-history-and-culture.html
Ghorid Turks dominated northern India
core.ecu.edu/hist/tuckerjo/islam.htm
Coming of the Turks to India. • The Ghurid Empire
amity.edu/gurugram/naac/1.1.3%20Employability%20Courses%20Documents/1.1.3%20Syllabus%20for%20Employability%20Courses/ASLA%20(Syllabus-%20Employability)/BA%20(Hons)%20History%20(Syllabus)%202018.pdf
terms of the ethnic origin of its ruling class, an amalgam of Turkish-Ghorian elements.
mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49714/1/MPRA_paper_49714.pdf
Ghori Turks
usindh.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Muslim-History.pdf
twelfth century another Turkish group, the Ghurids, would sweep away both the Ghaznavids and north India's martial clans
content.ucpress.edu/title/9780520325128/9780520325128_intro.pdf
Persianized Turkic dynasties of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids.
library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/668aac3a-2798-47ec-8469-474d96298ea5/621501.pdf
post-nomadic Turko-Mongol dynasties in the subcontinent-the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids and their Turkish military slaves, the Khalajis, Tughluqs, and Sayyids all lasted a mere hundred years or even less.
www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935369.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935369-e-29
The first, fought in 1191, resulted in the Ghūrī's defeat; but the second, in 1192, was a significant vic- tory for him and laid a foundation for durable Turkish rule in India.
dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=234&view=text
In 1193, Delhi was occupied. Its location and historical tradition made it most suitable as a capital for Turkish power in India.
www.universityofcalicut.info/cuonline/exnotif/ex6316.pdf
-phases of Turkish conquests -Gaznavids, Ghorids Ilbari Turks, Khaljis.
pub.ac.bd/dept/index.php/portal/web/ihc/course.html
In the late eleventh century, a new wave of Persianized Turks under the leadership of Muhammad of Ghor (1162-1206.)
assets.press.princeton.edu/chapters/i9061.pdf
The Persianized Turks under the leadership of Muhammad of Ghor began the conquests in Punjab, annexed.
economics.harvard.edu/files/economics/files/economic_shocks_and_temple_desecrations_in_medieval_india_april_2019.pdf
the Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197
conquest of northern India by the Afghan-Turkish Ghurids
othes.univie.ac.at/38142/1/2015-06-22_0846884.pdf
the Turkic general Mahmud Shabuddin Ghorī sacked Nālandā in 1197
www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/696567
Delhi kingdom by the Ghurids - Turco-Afghans who succeeded the Ghaznavids
hizliresim.com/waFOET (Cambridge University Press)
Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids and Seljukids (Turks who ruled in Persia).
egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/22078/1/Unit-19.pdf
in the hands of newly arrived Berber, Kurdish, or Turkish military rulers who established many new dynasties (Almohads, Ayyubids, Ortoqids, Seljuqs, Ghorids, Khorezmshahs).
wsimag.com/culture/1781-the-paris-kitab-al-diryaq
The Rajput rulers of that time did not realize the gravity of the Turkish menace, under the leadership of Ghaznavid Turks or the Ghurid Turks.
www.pramanaresearch.org/gallery/prj-p527.pdf
It would therefore, not have been surprising if Muslim thought in India had been stillborn of such parents. But al though the Ghorid Turks and Afghans themselves were rude and uncouth, they became, nevertheless, the guardians of a proud and rich emigre civilization.
scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2275&context=honors_theses
They were followed by the Ghaznavid and Ghorid Turks.
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/countries/pakistan.html
Thus the Ghorid conquest of India was really a revolution of Indian city labour led by the. Ghorid Turks.
rrjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/155-158_RRIJM190407038.pdf
Founded by Qutbuddin Aibak, the mosque acquired its first set of boundaries over the remnants of twenty-seven Hindu-Jain temples that were demolished deliberately as an act of war to establish the power of Ghurid Turk rule in Delhi
www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/article/pdfs/A%20Walk%20around%20the%20Qutb%20Complex.pdf
With that the power of the Ghorid Turks in India
manasataramgini.wordpress.com/2004/04/06/war-in-the-konkan/amp/
A new history of India-Oxford University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=nTwwAQAAIAAJ&dq=a+new+history+of+india+oxford&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids
Madras University of India
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=t-G1AAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghuri
Princeton University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?id=yvr_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA315&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE5cWGxrvqAhUp2aYKHRXCB_0Q6AEIQDAD#v=onepage&q&f=false
Stanford University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?id=kH6TAWUst5EC&pg=PA36&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRqLmUz7vqAhVVwcQBHfaVApMQ6AEIJTAA#v=snippet&q=&f=false
Cambridge University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?id=t-fWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKhZbiz7vqAhWPTRUIHR53D4QQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%20&f=false
Columbia University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?id=cYoHOqC7Yx4C&pg=PA706&lpg=PA706&dq=&source=bl&ots=NnCeoZPvnk&sig=ACfU3U3AHUWRZ-hVVMiiMRK6h4RUdJzCjQ&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj69pzQ0LvqAhVF6uAKHTQQAFcQ6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=&f=false
Oxford University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=nTwwAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids
Temple University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?id=K0IIn0ZLsMYC&pg=PA114&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0mPm66rvqAhXPlIsKHeJIC6EQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=&f=false
Encylopedia Iranica 2006
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=BlcOAQAAMAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids+
A Dictionary of Buddhism-Oxford University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?redir_esc=y&hl=tr&id=985a1M7L1NcC&q=Turkic#v=snippet&q=Turkic&f=false
Turkish invader, Muhammad Ghuri
books.google.com.tr/books?redir_esc=y&hl=tr&id=POAwBwAAQBAJ&q=Ghuri#v=snippet&q=Ghuri&f=false (A Dictionary of World History-Oxford University Press)
Punjabi University of India
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=6OonAAAAYAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids
National Geographic Visual History of the World
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=cn0RAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids
University of Wisconsin Press
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=dfpPAAAAMAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghurids
University of California Press
books.google.com.tr/books?id=hH55V-TGDHIC&pg=PA183&dq=&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1uK7zjr3qAhWXAmMBHco3CeY4ChDoATADegQIARAW#v=onepage&q&f=false
Columbia University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=q63tAAAAMAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Turks
University of London Press
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=8BgOAQAAMAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghorid
Oxford University Press
books.google.com.tr/books?id=ws90DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA232&dq=turkish-afghan+ghurids&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7obuNkdrrAhXbaRUIHZbjCY0Q6AEwAnoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=turkish-afghan%20ghurids&f=false
like the Ghorians , spoke an Iranian dialect , and in the thirteenth century , despite their reputed Turkish origins , were held to be distinct ...
books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&id=LKkBJyKdoZ8C&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ghorians (Oxford University Press)
Question: sould these two empires and also the mughols be seen as just dynastys of the dehli sultanate?
I can't see why they should...
@@HikmaHistory becouse other then each of them building on the last one the dehli sultanate had dynastys and was not bound to the ruling house
The spread of Hinduism acrosa South East Asia was also recorded in theit local Historybas Invasion... Its nornal for all Rulers but not the subjects the rule over...
Are you planning to do a video on islam in Sicily
Definitely!
@@HikmaHistory inshAllah u should go to that island if you havent already been
Mohammed Gazni got defeated 16 times but was spared every time by the Great Prthiviraj. And that was the biggest mistake.
Prithiviraj III? He wasn't in Mahmud Ghazni's time tho...
@@HikmaHistory sorry my bad It as Gauri not Gazni....
@@adityakhatwa8555 Fair enough, but he was eventually defeated by the Ghurids...
@@HikmaHistory and the ghurids were slaughtered by local indians eventually
Most of that is Complete utter nonsense created by later writers there was only one or probably two battles, and he lost in the second one. He was not even a major ruler. He was a regional governor, and if anything.
According to Jūzjānī they are the Shansabani dynasty originating from Ghur in central Afghanistan. He describes them as the descendants of Arab settlers who were Persianised.
Sometime between 716/7/24 to 8/21, an envoy from Caliph Sulayman (r. 715-717) arrived in China. In Chinese 黑密牟尼蘇利漫: a rendering of Kha[līfat]-Amīr [al-]muʾminīn-Sulaymān. Arabs in Chinese were known as Tāzīks 大食 (from Persian or a related language).
Note that Ghorids were not Tajiks in the meaning of Farsiwan. They are called Tajiks because they claimed to be descendants of Zahhak, an evil Arab king of Persian mythology who had serpents growing out of his shoulders.
When the Ghurids started to distinguish themselves during their conquests, courtiers and genealogists (such as Fakhr al-Din Mubarakshah al-Marwarrudhi and al-Juzjani) forged a fictive genealogy which connected the Ghurids with the Iranian past. They traced the Ghurid family back to the legendary Arab tyrant Zahhak, mentioned in the medieval Persian epic Shahnameh ("The Book of Kings"), whose family had reportedly settled in Ghur after the Iranian hero Fereydun had ended his thousand-year tyranny.
Ghuris are Turks, who are Taziks are Tajiks , and claimed Arab origin. The Brigg ‘s version of the passage given above is thus [Vol.I, p.49)
In their own genealogy, they were claiming descent from Zuhak bin Tazi , the legendary Arab king of Iran and in early period the descendants of Arab settlers in Persia were called Taziks or Tajiks.
Zahhak was originally an Arab prince and a good but somewhat naīve man.
Etymology of this word Tajik, the most probable is that which makes it a corrupt form of the Pahlvi word, Tazi, an Arab, a word still current in modern Persian with the same meaning. All the dictionaries give Tazi as meaning the descendants of Arabs in Persia or any other
A Turkic runic inscription in Southern Kazakhstan dating to 720 AD, refers to Arab invaders as "Taziks" (Tajiks). The term Tazik or Tajik was originally applied to Arabs or their descendants in Ajam.
The derivation from tāzīk ‘tribesman of Ṭayyiʾ, Ṭāʾī, Arab’ was first proposed almost a century before Schaeder (p. 17, note 5) and has been widely accepted among scholars. The Middle Persian word tāzīk/ tāzīgis found in the Dēnkard in reference to the lineage of the hated usurper Z˜aḥḥ≥āk, thus unequivocally ‘Arab’ (see Shahbazi, p. 216). An analogy to the derivation from Ṭayyiʾ, or its shortened form Ṭayy, or the adjective ṭāʾī, is to be seen in rāzīk (New Persian rāzi) ‘citizen of Ray’ (for arguments tracing these to forms such as tāyčīk and *rāyčīk, see Schaeder, pp. 27; Sundermann, p. 166).
According to Ferdowsi, Zahhāk was born as the son of a ruler named Merdās (Persian: مرداس). Because of his Arab lineage, he is sometimes called Zahhāk-e Tāzī (Persian: ضحاکِ تازی), meaning "Zahhāk the Tayyi".
Hence the Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of the Iranian word, täžik, to designate their Muslim adversaries in general. For example, the rulers of the south Indian Chalukya dynasty and Rashtrakuta dynasty also referred to the Arabs as "Tajika" in the 8th and 9th century.[34][35]
Another proof that the word Tajik means arabic is the medieval historian Michael the Syrian.
When talking about the Fatimids, he mentioned it as the Caliphate of Tajiks.
The origin of the name Tajik has been embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia. The explanation most favored by scholars is that the word evolved from the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) Arab tribe. *
factsanddetails.com/central-asia/Tajikistan/sub8_6a/entry-4848.html
Secondly, it should be said that the word Turushka in Indian sources means Turkish and the Ghaznavids and Ghurids are mentioned as Turushka in many Indian sources.
The Gahadavalas inscriptions mention a Turushka-danda ("Turkic punishment"[10]) tax,was collected to pay a tribute to the Ghaznavid (Turkic) overlord.[11]
1178 CE Kiradu inscription, issued during the reign of the Chaulukya Bhima II, records repairs to a temple damaged by the Turushka. These Turushkas are identified with the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor, who were defeated by the Chaulukya forces at the Battle of Kasahrada.
used by contemporary Indians to describe the conquerors was not 'Muslim' but 'Turk' (turushka).
Assam , which recorded that a Turushka force reached the Brahmaputra and there met with destruction in 1206 AD
Gauhati, Assam, which recorded that a Turushka force reached the Brahmaputra
This new and violent encounter between India and Islam - a novelty partially reflected in the opposition of the Indian terms Tajik (“Arab”)/ Turushka (“Turk”) - occurred at the same time as a strengthening of western influences.
Beaujard, P. (2019). India: From the Chola Empire to the Delhi Sultanate. In The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History (pp. 216-251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108341219.010
(a rendering of his title "Sultan Shamsuddin"); or Turushkadhipamadaladan (" the Turushka Lord").
their linguistic affiliation ( most typically as Turk, “turushka”)
military successes against the Ghurids (called " Turushka" and "Hammira")
These Turushkas are identified with the Ghurids led by Muhammad of Ghor,
I cannot conclude this head on the Ghorians without mentioning a remarkable passage found in Janabi, who calls the Ghorides Turks, whilst they are generally reckoned to \'91belong to the Afghans; if it" is not, perhaps, to be understood, that only the reigning family Was of a Turkish origin. This passage runs thus :\'97\'93 The \u64257 rst who became known of the Ghorian kings, are the descendants of Hossain; who are a race of Turlcs, that came from Khata to the mountains of Ghor. In the sequel, their affairs prospered; and they possessed themselves of countries, as it is mentioned in the History of As-of Shah, and in the Tarilch Ulmzwader of Ahmed ben Mohammed Altabrizi.\'94 The author of the Khulassat Ulansab, who is very careful in distinguishing the real Afghans from those that are either supposed or erroneously pretend to be Afghans, seems, too, to consider the Ghorian dynasty as a Turkish race: in support of which assertion, I shall insert here a passage relative to this subject :-\'97\'93
History of the Afghans/ Tarikh-i-khan jahani wa makhzan-i-Afghani
Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah
Part of Cambridge Library Collection - Perspectives from the Royal Asiatic Society
AUTHOR: Haravi Nimat AllahTRANSLATOR: Bernhard DornDATE PUBLISHED: June 2013AVAILABILITY: Available FORMAT: PaperbackISBN: 9781108056250
Thank you for your contribution . From USA
The credit of establishing the Muslim rule in India goes to the Turks. The leadership of Islam was captured from the Arabs first by the Persians and then by the Turks.
Islam came to India in the 10th century when the Ghaznavids, a Turkic tribe, annexed the area now known as Punjab. By 1200, Muslim warlords had conquered much of northern India, and by 1206 had founded the Delhi Sultanate with its capital at Delhi.Sep 19, 2002.
Delhi sultanate
I only found out about the Tughlag Dynasty they controlled most of India