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I love videos like this I have one question for you.... Did they do anything right? Because so far the videos have been about everything they did wrong. But my question is wrong by whose standards?
2 corrections: 1) When the dive log shows they jettisoned "weight tray", you said that was the rectangular frame they jettisoned. The rectangular frame has weights on it, but it is not the weight tray. In 2nd or 3rd day of testimony, one of the engineers who worked on Titan testified that there was a separate weight tray attached close to the bottom of the hull (the belly), and THAT is what got jettisoned. Had they jettisoned the frame, it would have made it nearly impossible to dock Titan on the launch ramp. 2) Other estimates I've seen online set the duration of the implosion at around 20 ms, not ns. Though that is still too fast to have been perceived by the human brain.
They gave normal paying customers a title of "mission specialist" to bypass the law's that would require them to classify sub for passanger transport. Shady from the get-go.
Kind of unnerving that the "paste " he describes contained the DNA of all souls on board. Not unexpected, but the human mind can't truly fathom being instantly turned into "paste " like no pain, no fear, just instantly paste. Pressure Is scary
As a frequent Taxi cab user or Tactical Extraction Coordinator I fully understand. It's usually to get to my job as a dishwasher or I mean Custoldial Engineering job.
You were only a "mission specialist" if you were able to repair the bus or one of it's systems if it broke down en-route. If there was some part of the journey that you were responsible for, and had intimate knowledge of the equipment therein... then you'd be a "mission specialist". If you're just riding it from Point A to Point B, then you're a passenger.
There’s a good interview with Karl Stanley, who has built his own submarine and is in the submarine community. He was one of the first people that Rush invited aboard for test dives. In the interview Stanley said he heard popping sounds that sounded like .22 caliber gunshots and this was only at 100 feet deep. Stanley was also angry because unbeknownst to him Rush didn’t tell him there were still testing it and allowed him to ride along on one of the very first dives. Stanley told Rush that carbon fiber is a bad idea for submarines and there’s a reason no one uses that material. Karl Stanley is also one of the industry professionals that wrote to Oceangate and pleaded for them to get the submarine certified before allowing anyone else on board. It’s a couple hour interview and it’s pretty good, Karl pulls no punches answering questions and basically is saying “I told you so”
Rush's reasoning for using carbon fiber was to save cost from a full-titanium pressure vessel. He famously had an antagonistic relationship with regulatory bodies, thinking they impede progress, and he didn't bother to work with them. The thing is, regulatory bodies would be all on-board with experimenting on carbon fiber. All he had to do was actually suck in his pride and work with them, develop materials tests, show the progress on his vessel, take advice from expert designers and materials scientists, use the experimental data from the Titan and stress-test the material until failure to see how viable of a solution a carbon fiber hull could be. It would have given valuable insight that could allow for the type of submersible revolution Rush actually wanted. But of course now carbon fiber is being seen as the failing material, when in reality I do believe carbon fiber could be a viable submarine material _if properly tested and maintained_ and the CEO had actually listened to the engineers (and, ya know, not tried to apply the carbon fiber in an open warehouse with no PPE or climate control). It's disappointing that pride and politics paints regulatory bodies and ethics committees as these groups which just exist to shut down your innovations. In my experience as a researcher, these committees are more than happy to take part in experimentation alongside you, and most of the time they will help you to make your ideas viable for the scientific world safely and ethically. They rarely just outright say "No, you can't do that," obviously the regulatory committees for submarines would like to see more submarines in the world for them to inspect!
@@BetaDude40 They would have never worked with him. Rush was not the first man to decide to use carbon fiber for a deep diving submarine. Other people have tried, but they have always turned back when their test imploded. Rush test model also imploded. He just added a bit of titanium at the weakest point in the design and called it a day. He never tested to see if his revised design worked... much less how many cycles it would survived before imploding,
@@meerkatzThe23 well, do a search under "what is a 4 year old daughter and what does it entail" i dont wanna do all that typing etc.. *first there was Adam. there was Eve. some apples, etc..... wzy too much for me to explain. google will have pictures & stuff to help..
@@quesoestbonne I would guess the cooling nature of the surrounding water would prevent any auto-ignition, if that was even possible with people as the fuel.
He meant that they were lucky analyzing from their perspective at that specific day and moment in time, in the context that they didn't know what was about to happen. You know what he meant and what he didnt meant.
@@brunomartinello1114 I think the meaning was clear. Only sometimes, it's better if a disaster turns just out to be a medium one because the tool of the trade already gave up and not into a complete clusterfuck because people have perished
saw a bunch of people in the other video thinking they cut off the video because there were bodies and im just thinking "whats left of the bodies are right there in that ball of carbon fiber"
Their vehicle imploded with a force greater than that of a 1000 hand grenades should seem pretty obvious that there is not gonna be any reccognisable traces of them left.
@@theswagman1263 on this video, the timestamp is 29:30 and beyond, watch it for more than 60 seconds man, I'm not sure what his source was honestly, but I have links from a 9 months ago saying they were going to analyze what was "presumed remains"
I'm gonna say it. Given everything we know about the Titan's construction and service life, for better or worse, it's downright impressive the craft lasted as long as it did, making thirteen successful dives.
Oceangate called them "successful" but I think most of the dives were much shallower than the Titanic depth. Only 3 of them made it to the titanic depth and back, and at least one of those three, they didn't see the wreck.
@@gailmcn That tracks with everything the fired engineers told Rush. They said that it would survive maybe 2-3 dives at those depths before suffering a catastrophic failure, and look what happened.
I've always said this: People give Stockton Rush so much crap for all of his hubris, but lets give the man some credit. The fact that it lasted as long as it did shows that it was INCREDIBLY well engineered given the materials they were working with. I mean, that viewport was rated like half the depth of the Titanic, and we don't even think that was the failure point.
I'm sorry, they drafted an emergency procedure but didn't even know which nation's Coast Guard had jurisdiction over the Titanic? Why would you not know that?
For best response US and Canadian coast guards have agreements on who does what in these border regions, so it's not too surprising if you get handed over to the other. But yeah,the oceangate guys probably should have already known
Titan was stored outside, in Newfoundland, through the winter. Newfoundland winters are terrible. Freeze, thaw, blizzard, rain, freeze, thaw, sleet, hail.
@@dukeofgibbon4043 Not to mention that the surface of the titanium rings was smooth, and the Oceangate employees kept touching the epoxy as they were adhering it to the carbon fiber hull, getting their skin oils all over it. It's like they were TRYING to make the bond fail.
If you study the building of Titan, available on YT, you will see the mating of the titanium rings to the carbon fiber cylinder. You will note that the surface of the titanium appears quite smooth, not roughed up to provide a better bond. Additionally, note that the worker applying the epoxy constantly touches the mating surface and wears no gloves. Any oils on his hands were transferred to that surface prior to mating the surfaces. Now consider that the titanium and carbon fiber react differently to high pressure. The fiber would tend to flex to some degree, while the titanium wouldn't. So this mating surface was problematic from inception.
Especialy all the people just casualy walking around it, touching it, no gloves as mentioned and just placed plain outside in a warehouse. No special assembly and isolated chamber nothing...
The only part of Oceangate that was perfect in every way, was its PR-campaign. They managed to hide all the mistakes, bad engineering, lack of testing, to lure rich clients to the bottom of the sea in a ticking time bomb. Stockton Rush wanted to be the Elon Musk of the oceans, and he did it in a way that was never going to work. In the construction of the Titan, they cut every corner they could, used bad materials, bad methods, … When they did testing on the 1/3 scale of the Titan, they discovered that this design just wasn’t safe, and they predicted that it could have a couple of succesful dives, but repeated cycles of huge pressures would lead to a catastrophic failure. Which is exactly what happened. This accident wasn’t a surprise to the professionals in the field of submersibles, and the disaster that Stockton Rush caused, wasn’t just predictable, it’s downright criminal negligence. He knew it would all go wrong, and took passengers with him anyway. If he had done all his dives solo, I wouldn’t have minded. Those 4 passengers in essence paid $250k to commit suicide.
Good comment. They also mixed the epoxy by hand and didn't have paper suits over their street clothes -- sure way to introduce bubbles and dust which will form little weak spots. It was obvious these people didn't do this for a living. I worked in a fibreglass shop for a couple of years and we took more care in making what were basically pool toys never intended to go to the bottom of the North Atlantic.
Stockton Rush according to those knowledgeable of the matter: "The immense deep sea pressure holds the vehicle together. It's actually safer at depth than on the surface!"
RIP John Clark but what are the regulations covering the building materials cardboard, paper, paper derivatives, sellotape? evidently the sub was towed beyond the environment
@@AcesnEights698 How anyone can go, "yeah this is a good idea that cant possibly go wrong!" let alone the risk being immediate death wasnt sending alarm bells to anyone. Even Rush himself, how could he be so flippant with his own safety? I cant wrap my head around it. One little slip of the hull and.. well we all saw what happened. :(
I mean this in 100% good faith, but isn't the purpose of a graveyard/gravesite is to give the living a place to visit the deceased? Many famous graveyards are tourist attractions like Hollywood Forever, Pere Lachaise, and arguably the Pyramids. So I'm not sure why it being a gravesite alone makes it a poor choice of place to want to see. The safety issues associated with going should make it pretty off-limits for now, but being a gravesite shouldn't disqualify people from wanting to visit.
@@mortifera123 The difference is the sheer amount of men, women, and children, who died horrifically in a preventable tragedy. The difference is that the living relatives of these people are against capitalizing over their families literal graves. Same reason most places of mass death are turned into memorials and not a 300$ tourist attraction.
@@mortifera123 In some cultures, a graveyard is a place to respect and honor the deceased who are buried there; a place to remember them. A solemn place where people behave respectfully. It's not meant to be a tourist attraction with companies making millions of dollars to bring rich and privileged people there so they can say "Oooh! Aaah! Look at that!" and then feel special because they've seen it and others haven't.
Could argue that developing stuff for the ocean with high pressure would be pretty important for exploring space. The hardest part with space travel is probably getting enough energy to escape the atmosphere and dealing with the heat with reentering. At least in space you don't need to worry about high pressure environments, but we could benefit from the tech for exploring planets.
Rush was simply a man who thought he knew everything and had an ego second to none. If a group wants to research new tech go for it. But when your charging others to ride along, its no longer research.
@stevemolina8801 I agree with your statement, but Oceangate/Rush did have every passenger sign a death wavier. That should have been red flag enough to question going for the ride in my opinion.
@@aaronwilcott4561 I have parachuted a bunch of times and the only signature I never have to give was the military for it may kill you, but when I jump out of civilian Plains at least on the West Coast, I have to sign a waiver
An easy red flag is the fact that they had to call tourists "mission specialists" to get around certifications. What specialist knowledge? How to sit there?
@@aaronwilcott4561 You sign some sort of death waiver for almost anything that involves risk. Even most theme parks and water parks have some sort of death claus, and usually stuff like skiing, water sports, bungee, skydviving etc do as well. That's extremely standard. The death waiver in this instance would barely even stand up in court due to negligence on Oceangates part, and also pretty severe and consistent lying about the safety.
Not a tourist site. Absolutely agree. Disrespect for the power of the ocean sank the Titanic, and the same sank the Titan. Those who refuse to learn from the past, are doomed to repeat it.
A lot of channels are doing a coverage about this and pointing out the fatal flows and what not, but there is actually ONE fatal flow on this, and that is the CEO Stockton Rush, none of this would have happen if the CEO would just listen the people he hired instead of just firing them when they disagree with him
WW2 wouldn't have happened but for the monstrous ego of Adolf Hitler. We never seem to learn. Corporates usually give now employees personality tests. But not senior management, of course.
Yeah it's one of the dangers of surrounding yourself with 'yes' men, but the people who need to hear that don't read or listen, protest useless apparently given the testimonials
@@daniellassanderTell that to the dude who went to court with the company over it and testified recently. I'm sure he would disagree there wasn't enough push back.
Atleast the CEO himself faced the dire consequences too for a change, compared to the many others getting to run off to safety with a golden parachute when their company gets other people maimed and killed
Another Great Video! With 3 boys, oldest is a chief in the navy, middle son is a officer in the space force, youngest in the flight program and me being a a commercial pilot for 22 years we all appreciate your videos with such thorough explanations.
After seeing your depth and comms timeline, my gut tells me that Paul lost confidence in the "captain" and tried his best to save the ship. The preamble to that mission is fucking insane.
I would say that one of the passengers was previously doing the communications, and PH took it on because they were having problems. I seriously doubt he suspected anything was wrong other than the communications, otherwise he would have taken over piloting.
If you look at their website on the way back machine, Oceangate would assign passengers roles on the sub, including coms. PH taking over midway though might have been fairly normal in terms of the level of normalcy at Oceangate.
As a software developer the comms transcript drives me crazy. Did they not have some kind of telemetric on board, where the sub automatically would report a short system status back to the support vessel? And why did the not implement at least a basic acknowledge in the protocol to see if a certain message was delivered? I know that we are talking super low bandwidth there, but come on, just spend two bytes per message as some kind of message ID or something.
This is what happens, when the person at the top tells you that standards and safety procedures exist to slow down innovation. We see the results of that aproach....
@@peteranderson037 "When "move fast and break stuff" breaks you" That's not really what oceangate did. Oceangate never tested their carbon fiber hull, the structural connection with the titanium domes, the viewport or their "acoustic warning system" to destruction, much less repeatedly to test the safe number of dives for their particular manufacturing process of it.
@@Jon.A.Scholt Let's be honest, people still would have died later. Looking at the entire OceanGate company, the whole thing was a clusterfuck. It wasn't a matter of "if" someone died, but when. It just happened to be on the day 4 passengers were onboard.
Been waiting for you to drop some content on this! Everybody’s got an opinion on this but yours is 1 of the few worth listening to. Appreciate your hard work!
To me, the most fascinating moment in this video isn't the remains of the Titan and its crew (that's just the inevitable wages of arrogance, which is boring), but rather, the fish at 30:46 . He's gorgeous! He's *_so_* unconcerned by the enormous pressure (376 bar) and depth (3750m). It's his element, and he's scouting the activities of the ROV recovering the Titan wreckage with avid interest. We are one sentient species viewing a moment in the life of another sentient species across a vast difference of depth and pressure. I find that heart-warming.
You'd think that given communications are vital to the recovery of the crew, that if you had two communications systems fail, you would immediately scrub since if you lose the other you have nothing. But I guess I forgot who we were talking about.... Doesn't even see like they had such a thing as a minimum equipment list or anything, just played it by ear as failures happened. The fact that they arrived at the bottom of the ocean on a previous dive with the controller mapped incorrectly obviously shows they did no control checks at the surface. And Rush was a licensed pilot, so it's not like any of these ideas should have been new to him. Not even a disregard for safety; a distain for safety.
I don’t know, man. But even with me being a scuba-diver, going down in a deep sea submersible triggers all of my phobia alarms; 1). Seemingly endless water depth into the abyss, 2). Claustrophobia, 3). Suffocation/running out of oxygen, and 4). Not being in control of my surrounding conditions and the inability for quick escape.
I believe the Polar Prince is CA flagged. So it would be natural for her captain to call Halifax (their departure port?) first. Halifax in turn realized who had 'jurisdiction' and referred it to Boston.
@@mikefochtman7164 they should have checked who has jurisdiction should an accident occur in their planning- the saying failure to prepare...prepare to fail comes to mind.
@@Aalisrocklist EDIT: I’m very sorry, I hadn’t reached that point in the video where it’s explained that Boston CG is responsible for search and rescue over Titanic’s wreck site. Could you explain your point as I don’t understand, please? I would have thought Halifax would be the logical place to report an incident to and seek assistance from, as it’s far closer to the site than Boston?
@@maireadnic8280 The answer is right here in this thread. In an emergency situation, time matters. They should have checked who has jurisdiction over the dive site and written that into their procedures. They wasted time calling Halifax. It wouldn't have made a difference in this case, but it shows how unprepared they were.
Best analysis of the tragedy I have seen on youtube. Great job explaining things. Having 20 years experience working with carbon fiber, alarms were going off as I watched videos of how Titan was constructed
I may get flamed for this, but it needs to be said if it hasn't already. These people were idiots. The total lack of concern for safety is eye opening to someone like me who can't even handle putting his head under water in the bath tub. The amount of fear I have of running out of breath even while wearing a full-face snorkel mask at the beach is unreal, so I don't ever think I would do something like this......let alone, pay millions of $$ to do it. I understand thrill-seeking. I understand that some get a "rush" out of pushing their limits. But this was a commercial enterprise that attempted to profit by misleading others to their death. I'm not a fan of government oversight, but this is EXACTLY why it's needed. Some people completely lack the ability to govern themselves and this is the outcome.
I don't know why you considered this comment something to get 'flamed for'; I agree with you completely. I think this tragic event will force regulations to prevent it being repeated. Five lives lost - for nothing but corporate greed in an unregulated space.
@@thelvadam2884 No, I am pointing out the irony in life. Remember, "they" in the original quote refers to the company. Yes, the fact that the front dome did not tumble off the deck and into the sea was lucky from a financial standpoint at the time. However, I would argue that loosing the titan to a catastrophic implosion event with the loss of CEO of company plus 4 passengers (albeit one had some experience and served as copilot) is related to this earlier incident, if not causally then still by corporate culture, and as such show the event to be a curse in disguise.
The towing aspect is something that shouldn’t be overlooked. The possibility, even if minor, of variable splashing could’ve led to concealed damage or repeated stresses to the carbon fiber at the joints.
just like when it was floating out in the storm and the tail got ripped off, and they spent less than a day at port fixing it. Stockton seemed to be hellbent on a mission to join the victims of the titanic, but he had no business bringing other victims with him
The fact that the dome cap was still intact and looked like it had very little damage, showed that it popped off from the interior pressure of the sub. Those hinges failing caused that catastrophe. The constant using of this sub over and over again was just too much. The pressures at those depths is 400 atmospheres, and that changes the metallurgy of the sub, down to the hinges. They used carbon composite materials that was wov. Mixing all these materials together at those depths was a disaster waiting to happen. You have to wonder what those seals looked like on a microscopic level. James Cameron who has experience with this said these subs shouldn’t be used more than 5 times at these depths because all the strain the vessel sustains. This sub had 90 dives with 13 successful dives to the Titanic. This sub should’ve been retired many dives before the last one. Gross negligence of Rush and that company.
I don't think the hinge caused that disaster, the hinge probably got damaged when the dome fell off. Which is probably what happened underwater this time. The carbon and hypoxy glue due to stress couldn't hold onto the dome anymore and the water pressure then was just to much and the carbon too brittle and the whole thing imploded from the front dome ... and smashed and mushed people and equipment , as water rushed in from all sides and slamed everything into the back dome and the force caused the tail section to pop off too.
@@JaniceHope From the sounds of it the hinge was already damaged before they even went down. Maybe not to that scale, but clearly it had had problems in the past and knowing the constant screwups of this company and Stockton Crush himself, I'm not convinced it was ever actually fixed. At best they probably slapped some kind of bandaid temporary fix on it and called it good.
@@MrGoesBoom It is still a tragedy. You can't exactly comfort a widow grieving the loss of her husband and son by reassuring her that they were killed by their own stupidity and hubris, and that they are only dead because they had lots of cash to back their demise. Try to put your words into that perspective when you say such things.
This was murder suicide, three murders two suicides. PH was asked about the obvious risks everyone was warning about this vehicle and he said roughly "I am an old man, what does it matter", Rush was a pathological narcissist who was willing to die before seeing his business unravel which it surely would have and he knew it. PH failed to confront the fact that his presence on the dive gave the impression of safety to the three people not qualified to know better. They are both murderers. For a narcissist, paradoxically, suicide is a way for his self image to survive. Implosion does not allow enough time to feel failure and he was fully aware of that fact. Caveat emptor.
@@Captain101-x1o I love how the current generation can take facts and interpret them as opinions at will despite evidence and common sense. It must be a a social or genetic defect that creates delusional mentality in so many people at one time
Given everything else we know about the incident, this is a not at all surprising lack of oversight. Also I hate to be "that guy" but the black box isn't actually black. It's usually a bright color like orange to make it easier to find, since black is an inconspicuous color.
According to the cbs reporter that did a story b4 this all happened.. the dropping of 2 weights is standard procedure so it doesnt slam on ocean floor.. if they were trying to come back up fast, they'd be dropping all the weights they could
@@nickross2423 Lots of dumb media reports tried to make too much of this. Remember how dumb those media talking heads are next time they try to scare you with lies.
@@louiscypher4186 The use of drop weights for primary buoyancy control of submersibles that go to this depth is standard, even outside of Oceangate. The pressure at this depth is simply so great that it is impractical, or even dangerous to try to use the kind of air/water ballast tanks used at shallow depths. Compressed air tanks capable of pushing water out of the tanks would be extremely heavy and like bombs. Any electric pump would have an extreme power draw, limiting sub endurance and posing a hazard if it should fail or the sub loses power. Drop weights systems on the other hand are extremely simple and can be made Fail-Safe (ex: weighrs dropped by electromagnet in event of a power failure and/or detach automatically by the corrosion of support brackets after a fixed time) which is absolute critical on a vehicle which operates at these depths, as it is unlikely anyone will be able to rescue you if your ballast system fails. AFAIK weights are typically cast iron, steel, or lead (literal rocks could be used if desired I suppose), and typically have little to no effect on the environment, especially compared to all the wrecked ships and planes mankind has left down there.
@@louiscypher4186meh, it’s made of materials that come from this earth, and they are being returned to the earth. Not even a drop in the bucket in the grand scheme of things, if that’s littering you should look at the WW2 wrecks full of explosives, fuel oil, and sailors that cover the ocean floor. Remember to throw your used car batteries in the ocean, someone’s gotta charge the eels.
Of all the vids I've watched on this channel, this is the first I've had to watch/regretted watching. Based on 25 years experience of building ROV's, this accident truly sickens me; it didn't need to be this way. My former industry learned more than 20 years ago that carbon carbon pressure vessels were a good idea that didn't work; the nature of their construction renders them incapable of handling the elastic deformation the pressure vessel has to endure with every dive. Over time, the pressure vessel suffers micro-fractures that get bigger/more serious with every dive/recovery cycle. There's a reason why extremely deep diving vessels are so expensive; you need very exotic materials to handle the pressure at those depths, coupled with extreme levels of engineering and quality control. It's insane to think that this stuff can be done on a budget and believe it'd be safe enough for "tourism". The levels of criminal negligence in this entire sad story are just mind boggling. My heart goes out to the families and all personel involved in the wreck and its' recovery.
I'm not a very smart man. I'm a plumber and I work on boilers. There's a spoiler out there called a cleaver Brooks that uses a door very similar to this sub except it's. Adjusting for scale the hinge on The door of a cleaver Brooks boiler is 20 to 50 times the size of the hinge they have on their titanium submarine end cap That fell off. Another thing I noticed is on a cleaver Brook spoiler. It has to withstand it internal pressure of only 15 to 30 PSI. That's pressure pushing out. The door on a cleaverbrook spoiler has a 3/4-in bolt every 6 in around the circumference of the door. Looking at this photo, the subs bolts seem vastly undersized and it seems like there should be three to four times more bolts than there are. Of course this is trying to keep pressure from crushing it which is the opposite of a boiler containing pressure but it just seems wrong to me. Anytime you have flanged pipes that come together, there is a pretty consistent ratio of bolt numbers and bolt diameter to pipe diameter. This seems to go completely against that and has too few bolts that are too small. In this plumber's very uneducated opinion.
The water pressure is compressing the door on so the bolting needs are much lower than if the pressures involved were instead being constrained in the sub. Pressure vessels are no joke. Only 30 psi.... Doesn't seem like much until you realize a 3 ft circle would generate a load of 30,500 lbs. That said everything they did is pretty much some combination of wrong and reckless. The comments about the titanium to carbon bonding are dead on. Its unbelievable they didn't even prep the surfaces being bonded.
I'm not a smart man, when it comes to plumbing. When it comes to plumbing, You are a smart man with practical experience. I would never go in a submarine if the team who built it didn't include someone with experience in...plumbing!! Or like someone with experience working the pipes on an oil-rig.(not a pun) ..Plumbers always fascinated me... they can work anywhere there are pipes...and pressure. Like a hydropontic farm, beer factory, distileries, marine stuff, pneumatic systems, swimming pools , golfcourses, oil-industry, ,...it's one of those professions that aplies to a lot indeed..
"I’d like to be remembered as an innovator. I think it was General MacArthur who said: ‘You are remembered for the rules you break’." -- Stockton Rush, the man remembered for instantly dying when the front fell off
The irony of that quote is that it is in reference to MacArthur's decision to order an advance towards the Yalu River marking the border between North Korea and China in spite of repeated Chinese warnings, which brought China into the Korean War.
@@DominionSorcerer or in WW2 trying to defend the Philippines when there was no reasonable way to reinforce or supply the men there and we all know how that ended. The guy was a PR machine but a Ego driven blow hard.
Looks like the dome blew clean off at the glue joint. Not even any debris attached to it. Pretty crazy they didn't use a mechanical connection for that.
I think you misunderstand the failure mode. It didn’t exactly ‘blow off’, it was being pressed into the carbon hull with a force off over 5000psi at the time of failure. Once the vessel was compromised the dome was propelled away from the wreckage as part of the implosion sequence.
Thoroughly agree with your statement at the end. The Titanic is a grave site, not a tourist site. Just leave it alone and let the hundreds of people down there rest in peace.
I don't understand this sentiment. The catacombs of Paris are a popular tourist destination, just like the pyramids of Egypt or tours of Aushwitz. Many shipwecks have resulted in loss of life and are their remains and resulting reefs are popular dive sites. All these places have cultural and historical significance. I can sympathize with people's desire to visit them. Stockton rush sounds like a narcissist and a fool and I hope we learn from his mistakes but don't think this is the lesson.
@@peterriesz69 Each to their own. I for one have no desire to visit many of these sites, Reading about them is perfectly adequate. I've never understood why people would want to visit a place where people died, in some cases, in horrendous circumstances. If you're a researcher with a purpose, you're actually trying to prove a hypothesis, that's a bit different. But to visit a burial site as a tourist just to gawk at it is just bizarre in my opinion. As I say, Each to their own, I just find it weird. And yes, Stockton Rush was a fool of epic proportions.
My thoughts exactly! I was like.. well that fish sure don’t mind the pressures lol. Amazing how they have adapted and evolved to handle that kind of pressure and live in it like it’s nothing . Quite impressive
The bible says they professed themselves wise and became fools. Seems to me what happened here. They thought they were geniuses in a super safe sub and really they were the biggest idiots out on the ocean
Don't know if it's just me, but seeing footage of the bottom of the ocean always creeps me out. Especially if wrecks or human man objects can be seen in the footage as well.
@@RomanHistoryFan476AD You should watch videos of the North Sea divers 300ft down walking about on the sea floor and working on equipment. I really can't imagine how that would feel.
Sound like a good case of submechanophobia. It's not just seeing the objects for me, it's knowing that at some point people were living on the vessel and now it's just empty and silent for all eternity. It's like seeing a completely abandoned and quiet city.
Well, that's kind of what happens when you go from 1 atmospheric pressure to 400 atmosphere's worth of pressure in less time than it takes for the neurons in your brain to fire. Imagine putting a tomato on the floor and jumping on it. Those people went from people to paste in the blink of an eye because of the enormous pressures involved. Not even your bones are going to hold up under those pressures, they would just.. liquefy instantly. Naturally, all that paste is just going to get mixed up together in the process, and wallowing around in the depths of the ocean for a while probably helped too. An often repeated phrase about this particular case is that these people stopped being people and became chemistry. Fraction of a second is all it took.
I haven't actually heard anywhere else say it was a "paste like substance". Not saying it's wrong, but the official coastguard document didn't say that. In fact, what it did say was that the remains found were given back to the families which I am not sure how possible that would be if they were all mixed up into a blob. But who knows.
@@JSheepherder This might be pedantic, but maybe interesting! It's not the pressure itself that caused a violent inrush of water. Pressure is just the weight of the water column above them, the water is still only going to "fall" into the sub at the rate of acceleration of gravity. The real killer was the fact that water is actually ever so slightly compressible. Enough so that at that depth it found a vacuum to decompress into at around 3500 mph. If water were in fact perfectly incompressible, it would have just spilled in the same as it would at only 10 feet deep. Of course once you're covered in that water, getting drowned by 5500 psi doesn't feel very good either. It just wouldn't have been instantaneous.
i do not ever comment on youtube but your video is exactly what ive been searching for since this tragedy occurred. thank you for the incredible delivery
What caused the front dome to fall off was they only used 4 of 18 bolts and then the crane operator dropped it pretty hard onto the recovery platform. So they knew what caused the problem. Not using enough bolts. They never inspected the carbon fiber hull to determine what, if any damage, the hard landing caused.
The bolts are not critical underwater. At depth there is 15,000,000 pounds of force holding that door shut. More then any amount of bolts can clamp down on. They are only needed at the surface.
The submersible was dropped when pulling it out of the water. Thats why the dome fell off. It didnt just, "fall off". Fred Hagen said: “The force of the platform hitting the deck… it basically sheared off several bolts and they shot off like bullets. And the titanium dome fell off." It was being held on by only 4 bolts. ONLY 4 BOLTS!!! yowza!
Yeah, that freaked me out too. NO surprise that same dome interface is the most likely point of failure. If it sheared the mounting bolts off... what did that same mechanical shock do to the glue seam between the ring and the tube? Did that glue crack and weaken on that incident?
@@Kris-ib8sn Even more yikes when you realise 4 bolts can't possibly have equal load on a round object. So not only did they have no redundancy but they chose a number which was likely to increase the chance of failure.
@@louiscypher4186 At depth there is 15,000,000 pounds of force pushing that dome inwards. Those bolts are just there to seal it at the surface. Underwater, the water pressure puts way more force then even 20 bolts can ever clamp down.
@@wally7856 I'm sure Mr Rush reminded himself of that in the split second he had to think between an almighty creak and the fwd bulkhead failing completely.
A somber topic but important to reflect on the safety mistakes so that hopefully others in the future will learn. This video did this real well, thank you.
Look - it boils down to simple physics - Atmospheric Pressure (A.P.) increases by 1 per 10 - TEN - meters depth. WE DID THIS IN SCHOOL - Surface = 14.7 P.S.I., 10 meters = 29.4 P.S.I., 20 meters = 44.1 P.S.I., 30 meters = 58.8 P.S.I., 40 meters = 73.5 P.S.I., 50 meters = 88.2 P.S.I., 100 meters = 161.7 P.S.I., 1,000 meters = 1,485 P.S.I. (101 A.P. multiples), 1,300 meters = 1,926 P.S.I. (131 A.P. multiples), 2,000 meters = 2,955 P.S.I., (201 A.P. multiples), 3,000 meters = 4,425 P.S.I., (301 A.P. multiples), 4,000 meters = 5,895 P.S.I., (401 A.P. multiples), ANY unit designed/rated for 1,300/3,000 meters should NEVER even be considered for a load of 5,895 P.S.I. WHAT THE HELL WAS RUSH “THINKING”? Plus - a little mantra of mine - "It if flies, it can crash; if it floats, it can sink; if it's electrical, it'll try to kill you (nothing personal)". Just sayin'.
If you are going to work in metric stay in metric. It would be better to bracket the PSI figures and have BAR figure or Atmospheres next to the unit of measurement.
while you aren't wrong, the port window rated for 1300/3000m was not the failure point, which we know because it got pushed outwards at the time of failure. Lots of things rated for certain pressures can often exceed their rating quite a lot without failing, at least once or twice.
@@gregorythompson5826 The psi is easier for us poor folks in the US to relate to... at Titanic depth approx. 5,500 pounds pressing on each and every square inch of my body... shiver! Fun Fact: density of lead is 0.409 lbs/cu. in. A column of lead with a 1 sq. in. cross-section (standing on my body) would have to be 1,120 feet high to equal the 5,500 psi at Titanic. As high as 110 story building!
Fun Fact: Density of lead is 0.409 lbs./sq. in. A column of lead with a 1 sq. in. cross-section would have to be 1,120 feet high to weigh 5,500 lbs. 5,500 psi is the approximate pressure at Titanic depth (~3800m).
It could not have been THAT much more expensive to make the whole pressure vessel from titanium or thick steel. Why did they even use carbon fiber in the first place? Its not even loaded it tension! It gets more stupid the more you think about it. We have centuries of experience making pressure vessels from metals. They have ultrasound machines for finding cracks in metal walls, they do that all the time for pipelines etc.
I guess it was attempt at "bringing something novel". Except didn't undergo any thorough failure testing. Wasn't there some footage of its construction, where carbon fiber was just wrapped on and licked with resin, layer after layer like some garage project?
Some issues with titanium throughout is that as you get bigger (to hold more passengers), the thickness grows. And that adds weight that makes it negatively bouyant. To counter this, you need some form of positive bouyancy that is pressure resistant (some sort of 'foam' i believe). So... a big part of it is "Bigger to generate more revenue but not heavier to keep costs down". Sadly, all too often saving money drives bad decisions.
The reason for using carbon fiber was primarily buoyancy. The hull was close to neutrally buoyant by itself which limited the need for large volumes of syntactic foam to allow it to float/ascend. If it had been made of titanium, it would have needed roughly 2.5 times the hulls volume of foam to get it to float which would have made it 3-4 times larger. Basically, Stockton was trying to keep the submersible as small as possible while also carrying as many people as possible.
There is a debris map released by the Coast Guard. It also includes the last known location of Titan and the bow of the Titanic to show how close it was. Looking at the debris map, it appears that they were down there for several minutes longer than their last ping and were in a different spot when the implosion happened. From what I have seen on another channel, they had an emergency balloon that would inflate and lift them up. Apparently inflating that balloon knocks off the rear cone and it appears that is what happened. So, it appears they were knowingly in distress and were trying to ascend back up to the surface.
Although much of this sub was poorly designed, it is possible his real time monitoring system which monitors hull integrity was going off anywhere from moments to a few minutes before implosion. Which could be why they attempted emergency ascent. Then again it’s possible they had zero clue anything was wrong. Whether or not there was panic in the sub, what we do know is they would not have processed their deaths as the event occurred so fast.
This is not a safe assumption. When the front of the submarine collapsed it did so with enough force to blow the back dome apart. That kind of energy transfer can launch debris quite far.
@@JSheepherder While I do agree that all our conjecturing may not be the most accurate description of events, the debris map does show a clear pattern of current. It shows everything, except the hull and domes, to have been carried northwest as the pieces were floating in the water. The hull and domes appear to be the only parts that were too dense and/or still had too much kinetic energy to be carried by the currents very far.
Apparently the dome fell off because they only used 4 bolts and the crane operator dropped the sled and sub on the deck of the ship. They may have closed the incident as the dome coming off was not a typical use case for a failure.
That's nature's way of helping you survive. Be thankful you get anxiety from the thought of doing something so dangerous. Although I acknowledge that we have gained a lot from very brave people who have explored the deep, and I respect them greatly. But I am like you, happily respecting my anxiety of ever getting in a situation in order to travel that deep. Plus the idea of them having to bolt me in and me not having a way to emergency egress without someone on the outside letting me out again, provides just a little bit extra anxiety icing for the cake.
I have the sense that OceanGate was operating on a razor thin profit margin. Trying to squeeze in as many missions as possible, hasty repairs, using unconventional materials/designs, and storing the sub outside during winter just to name a few budget saving measures. On top of that Rush was personally reaching out to wealthy individuals trying to get them to buy tickets to ride his death trap. They were trying to save money wherever possible and sacrificed safety and common sense in the process.
@@Klyis I couldn't agree more. I'm wondering now about Stocktons mindset, if the pressure, no pun intended, got to him and he didn't see a way out other than literally riding it to the end regardless of safety. Possibly in order to avoid the sting of failure because he had to know it was going to fail eventually. I shouldn't speculate but it's hard for me to understand why someone would do this.
@@Skankhunter420 My guess is he either hoped enough people would eventually become interested in Titanic tours to make it commercially viable, OR he knew it would fail long term and planned to start a new venture where he could use OceanGate as a tool to attract potential investors. Something along the lines of "If you invest $10 million into my exciting new business I'll give you a personal tour of the Titanic aboard my other innovative creation, the people squisher 1000."
one thing you didn’t mention maybe deliberately is that the US Navy had recorded and alerted on the sound of the implosion the very first day that it happened through the acoustic surveillance systems. That came out in subsequent articles. What a tragedy people were into a paste but like you said, using amateur engineers with no submarine experience is a recipe for tragedy.
I followed the first brief on this incident, and SubBrief's prediction on the sub imploding has been proven out quite accurately. Really dig the channel.
IMO there is a non-zero possibility of Navy people having a pretty good understanding from acoustic monitoring, and then maybe they shared the simple information "they are gone" with trusted contacts.
I remember when Oceangates first add popped up on my Facebook feed. You too can dive to the Titanic! For only $250K! Of course nearly every comment was yeh right I’ll just go the bank and take out a 1/4 million dollars tomorrow. I’ve watched a lot of channels covering the hearings and it was way worse then we ever thought. Karl Stanley was spot on when he said .. Rush was building a mouse trap to go the Titanic and billionaires we’re willing to pay a huge chunk of money to die in it! What a huge disaster Oceangate was .
Best explanation of operational and subsequent failures of the components involved in this predictable tragedy. New to your channel but impressed and looking forward to future videos.
I do not understand why Paul Henry wanted anything to do with this project. He, of all the people involved, should have been aware of what a shitshow this entire thing was. I just don't understand how we was persuaded to go down in that kamikaze sub.
“We really should weld these bumpers (submersible)..but that takes time…equipment….money… So! We use super super glue instead.” “Wont it fall off?” “Definitely” “Isn’t that dangerous?” “…not to me..okay?”
Great report Capt. And I agree 100% with treating those, and other, wreck sites as graveyards. 🙏Definitely Not to be visited and smiled at like tourists at frkn sea world❤😒, and Definitely not condemning nor emotionally gawking at. Thanks bro 🙏
Thank you for watching. You can see many more of my videos as a RUclips Member and on www.Patreon.com/subbrief.com Love to have you there and on our NEW discord!
.: discord.gg/pNTJq576
That’s not a sub that Aaron would be operating in with a PlayStation controller. When asked if he wanted a ride, Chief Aaron said “Negative!”
Ive been in a sub, this thing is more like a coffin tube or a very high pressure bath tub, but this is no sub.
I love videos like this I have one question for you....
Did they do anything right? Because so far the videos have been about everything they did wrong. But my question is wrong by whose standards?
Curious to know your thoughts on MicroProse Sea Power ;)
2 corrections: 1) When the dive log shows they jettisoned "weight tray", you said that was the rectangular frame they jettisoned. The rectangular frame has weights on it, but it is not the weight tray. In 2nd or 3rd day of testimony, one of the engineers who worked on Titan testified that there was a separate weight tray attached close to the bottom of the hull (the belly), and THAT is what got jettisoned. Had they jettisoned the frame, it would have made it nearly impossible to dock Titan on the launch ramp. 2) Other estimates I've seen online set the duration of the implosion at around 20 ms, not ns. Though that is still too fast to have been perceived by the human brain.
They gave normal paying customers a title of "mission specialist" to bypass the law's that would require them to classify sub for passanger transport. Shady from the get-go.
I wondered about that. They called them explorers too. What's to explore from a tourist submarine?
He Explored their bank account
he was a jew, he knows a thing or two about scheming
@@StritarD This is exactly what private space flight does. It's not that uncommon.
@@StritarD They also got that title to travel during Covid
Kind of unnerving that the "paste " he describes contained the DNA of all souls on board. Not unexpected, but the human mind can't truly fathom being instantly turned into "paste " like no pain, no fear, just instantly paste. Pressure Is scary
I believe they call it paté
That's too subtle a distinction for the modern mind
Especially pressure of thousands of atmospheres per square inch....after it was
bouncing around on that sled during storms, etc....
Plus with the atmospheric compression with a major failure, the air would have ignited for a fraction of a second before human paste/pate conversion.🤢
Paste aka human tartare
I took a bus to the town earlier. I wasn't a passenger; I was a "mission specialist".
Was that bus short and yellow and did they make you wear a helmet for extra protection?
@@arturobandini4078 so ...did you complete your mission?😑
As a frequent Taxi cab user or Tactical Extraction Coordinator
I fully understand. It's usually to get to my job as a dishwasher or I mean Custoldial Engineering job.
@@Canadianvoice We were all astronauts once upon a time.
You were only a "mission specialist" if you were able to repair the bus or one of it's systems if it broke down en-route. If there was some part of the journey that you were responsible for, and had intimate knowledge of the equipment therein... then you'd be a "mission specialist".
If you're just riding it from Point A to Point B, then you're a passenger.
There’s a good interview with Karl Stanley, who has built his own submarine and is in the submarine community. He was one of the first people that Rush invited aboard for test dives. In the interview Stanley said he heard popping sounds that sounded like .22 caliber gunshots and this was only at 100 feet deep. Stanley was also angry because unbeknownst to him Rush didn’t tell him there were still testing it and allowed him to ride along on one of the very first dives. Stanley told Rush that carbon fiber is a bad idea for submarines and there’s a reason no one uses that material. Karl Stanley is also one of the industry professionals that wrote to Oceangate and pleaded for them to get the submarine certified before allowing anyone else on board. It’s a couple hour interview and it’s pretty good, Karl pulls no punches answering questions and basically is saying “I told you so”
Is it a 1 on 1 interview or the hearings? I'm trying to find it
@@jimlthor its in the hearings
@@ryanhampson673 makes absolute sense
Rush's reasoning for using carbon fiber was to save cost from a full-titanium pressure vessel. He famously had an antagonistic relationship with regulatory bodies, thinking they impede progress, and he didn't bother to work with them.
The thing is, regulatory bodies would be all on-board with experimenting on carbon fiber. All he had to do was actually suck in his pride and work with them, develop materials tests, show the progress on his vessel, take advice from expert designers and materials scientists, use the experimental data from the Titan and stress-test the material until failure to see how viable of a solution a carbon fiber hull could be. It would have given valuable insight that could allow for the type of submersible revolution Rush actually wanted. But of course now carbon fiber is being seen as the failing material, when in reality I do believe carbon fiber could be a viable submarine material _if properly tested and maintained_ and the CEO had actually listened to the engineers (and, ya know, not tried to apply the carbon fiber in an open warehouse with no PPE or climate control).
It's disappointing that pride and politics paints regulatory bodies and ethics committees as these groups which just exist to shut down your innovations. In my experience as a researcher, these committees are more than happy to take part in experimentation alongside you, and most of the time they will help you to make your ideas viable for the scientific world safely and ethically. They rarely just outright say "No, you can't do that," obviously the regulatory committees for submarines would like to see more submarines in the world for them to inspect!
@@BetaDude40 They would have never worked with him. Rush was not the first man to decide to use carbon fiber for a deep diving submarine. Other people have tried, but they have always turned back when their test imploded. Rush test model also imploded. He just added a bit of titanium at the weakest point in the design and called it a day. He never tested to see if his revised design worked... much less how many cycles it would survived before imploding,
If there's one thing I know about maritime engineering it's that the front should never fall off.
And make sure you tow it beyond the environment 👍🏻
maritime engineering?!?! i have a 4 y/o daughter who's playing with Bafbie dolls. she knows the domes arent supposed to fall off
@@Toobzilla and you have a child near you?
@@meerkatzThe23 google "daughter"
@@meerkatzThe23 well, do a search under "what is a 4 year old daughter and what does it entail" i dont wanna do all that typing etc.. *first there was Adam. there was Eve. some apples, etc.....
wzy too much for me to explain. google will have pictures & stuff to help..
"paste-like, that did contain the DNA of the 5 occupants"...
Jesus bro.
To paraphrase another video analysis; "stopped being biology and became physics" in the fraction of a second.
@@ranulfthevast2180i get that reference. all seriousness tho it’s a very gruesome way to go, thankfully painless 😕
Wouldn't the rapid compression of the air and passengers have rapidly heated and combusted, like a large single cylinder diesel engine?
@@quesoestbonne Peanut butter is cooked also. Probably why the paste consistency occurs.
@@quesoestbonne I would guess the cooling nature of the surrounding water would prevent any auto-ignition, if that was even possible with people as the fuel.
"They were lucky they didn't lose it" really ? I think looking back it would have been more lucky if they had lost it...
You are right, but then nobody would know they were lucky.
That was my exact idea in this very moment as well
I had the same thought.
He meant that they were lucky analyzing from their perspective at that specific day and moment in time, in the context that they didn't know what was about to happen.
You know what he meant and what he didnt meant.
@@brunomartinello1114 I think the meaning was clear. Only sometimes, it's better if a disaster turns just out to be a medium one because the tool of the trade already gave up and not into a complete clusterfuck because people have perished
saw a bunch of people in the other video thinking they cut off the video because there were bodies and im just thinking "whats left of the bodies are right there in that ball of carbon fiber"
Their vehicle imploded with a force greater than that of a 1000 hand grenades should seem pretty obvious that there is not gonna be any reccognisable traces of them left.
@@mike4402 new information came out, all that was found was a paste like substance containing all 5 occupants DNA.
@@VGPorage Worse than 1000 grenades. The navy could hear it happen from Florida.
@@dylanmaxwell9993where was this info?
@@theswagman1263 on this video, the timestamp is 29:30 and beyond, watch it for more than 60 seconds man, I'm not sure what his source was honestly, but I have links from a 9 months ago saying they were going to analyze what was "presumed remains"
I'm gonna say it. Given everything we know about the Titan's construction and service life, for better or worse, it's downright impressive the craft lasted as long as it did, making thirteen successful dives.
Totally agree!
Oceangate called them "successful" but I think most of the dives were much shallower than the Titanic depth. Only 3 of them made it to the titanic depth and back, and at least one of those three, they didn't see the wreck.
@@gailmcn That tracks with everything the fired engineers told Rush. They said that it would survive maybe 2-3 dives at those depths before suffering a catastrophic failure, and look what happened.
I've always said this: People give Stockton Rush so much crap for all of his hubris, but lets give the man some credit. The fact that it lasted as long as it did shows that it was INCREDIBLY well engineered given the materials they were working with. I mean, that viewport was rated like half the depth of the Titanic, and we don't even think that was the failure point.
@@DragonMoth34 The viewport manufacturer should use this in an ad, its good to over deliver.
I'm sorry, they drafted an emergency procedure but didn't even know which nation's Coast Guard had jurisdiction over the Titanic? Why would you not know that?
Narcissism and incompetence make for deadly bedmates.
When you spend most of your time hiding from the relevant authorities, why would you think to figure out who is going to save your ass?
Because they didn't test their plan. SMDH!!
For best response US and Canadian coast guards have agreements on who does what in these border regions, so it's not too surprising if you get handed over to the other.
But yeah,the oceangate guys probably should have already known
Titan was stored outside, in Newfoundland, through the winter. Newfoundland winters are terrible. Freeze, thaw, blizzard, rain, freeze, thaw, sleet, hail.
The UV light from a summer of exposure doesn't do the epoxy any favors either
@@dukeofgibbon4043 It's just unbelievable what transpired, and these four individuals still thought it was a good idea to get in.
@@dukeofgibbon4043 Not to mention that the surface of the titanium rings was smooth, and the Oceangate employees kept touching the epoxy as they were adhering it to the carbon fiber hull, getting their skin oils all over it. It's like they were TRYING to make the bond fail.
@Kimber123 not all of them, the kid knew it was a bad idea
@WobblesandBean I meant the epoxy holding the carbon fiber together. The list of what went right on that craft is shorter than what went wrong
If you study the building of Titan, available on YT, you will see the mating of the titanium rings to the carbon fiber cylinder. You will note that the surface of the titanium appears quite smooth, not roughed up to provide a better bond. Additionally, note that the worker applying the epoxy constantly touches the mating surface and wears no gloves. Any oils on his hands were transferred to that surface prior to mating the surfaces. Now consider that the titanium and carbon fiber react differently to high pressure. The fiber would tend to flex to some degree, while the titanium wouldn't. So this mating surface was problematic from inception.
Did you notice the dirty rag ? Probably full of oil or grease 😮
Especialy all the people just casualy walking around it, touching it, no gloves as mentioned and just placed plain outside in a warehouse. No special assembly and isolated chamber nothing...
The only part of Oceangate that was perfect in every way, was its PR-campaign. They managed to hide all the mistakes, bad engineering, lack of testing, to lure rich clients to the bottom of the sea in a ticking time bomb. Stockton Rush wanted to be the Elon Musk of the oceans, and he did it in a way that was never going to work.
In the construction of the Titan, they cut every corner they could, used bad materials, bad methods, …
When they did testing on the 1/3 scale of the Titan, they discovered that this design just wasn’t safe, and they predicted that it could have a couple of succesful dives, but repeated cycles of huge pressures would lead to a catastrophic failure. Which is exactly what happened.
This accident wasn’t a surprise to the professionals in the field of submersibles, and the disaster that Stockton Rush caused, wasn’t just predictable, it’s downright criminal negligence. He knew it would all go wrong, and took passengers with him anyway. If he had done all his dives solo, I wouldn’t have minded. Those 4 passengers in essence paid $250k to commit suicide.
Good comment. They also mixed the epoxy by hand and didn't have paper suits over their street clothes -- sure way to introduce bubbles and dust which will form little weak spots. It was obvious these people didn't do this for a living. I worked in a fibreglass shop for a couple of years and we took more care in making what were basically pool toys never intended to go to the bottom of the North Atlantic.
They built it in a warehouse, pros do it in a autoclave, controlling temp., humidity and degassing.
I was like first dive issues can come up, but than “ The front fell off” 💀
Stockton Rush according to those knowledgeable of the matter: "The immense deep sea pressure holds the vehicle together. It's actually safer at depth than on the surface!"
RIP John Clark but what are the regulations covering the building materials cardboard, paper, paper derivatives, sellotape? evidently the sub was towed beyond the environment
I could see Rush trying to spin that yarn.
@@AcesnEights698 How anyone can go, "yeah this is a good idea that cant possibly go wrong!" let alone the risk being immediate death wasnt sending alarm bells to anyone. Even Rush himself, how could he be so flippant with his own safety? I cant wrap my head around it. One little slip of the hull and.. well we all saw what happened. :(
@@goldy_on_pc930 well you see, a wave hit it. At sea. Chance in a million.
31:33 Shout out to the plastic milk crate withstanding the pressure of the bottom of the ocean.
"There's more steps than putting the dome back on"
Based.
Great breakdown of this horrible incident. What you said at the end about Titanic being a graveyard is correct.
@@chijimmy1 still taking in new clients.
I mean this in 100% good faith, but isn't the purpose of a graveyard/gravesite is to give the living a place to visit the deceased? Many famous graveyards are tourist attractions like Hollywood Forever, Pere Lachaise, and arguably the Pyramids. So I'm not sure why it being a gravesite alone makes it a poor choice of place to want to see. The safety issues associated with going should make it pretty off-limits for now, but being a gravesite shouldn't disqualify people from wanting to visit.
@@mortifera123 being a gravesite sure doesn’t stop people from becoming new tenants.
@@mortifera123
The difference is the sheer amount of men, women, and children, who died horrifically in a preventable tragedy. The difference is that the living relatives of these people are against capitalizing over their families literal graves.
Same reason most places of mass death are turned into memorials and not a 300$ tourist attraction.
@@mortifera123 In some cultures, a graveyard is a place to respect and honor the deceased who are buried there; a place to remember them. A solemn place where people behave respectfully. It's not meant to be a tourist attraction with companies making millions of dollars to bring rich and privileged people there so they can say "Oooh! Aaah! Look at that!" and then feel special because they've seen it and others haven't.
The guy wanted to be an astronaut.
Imagine getting stuck in space with him.
Could argue that developing stuff for the ocean with high pressure would be pretty important for exploring space. The hardest part with space travel is probably getting enough energy to escape the atmosphere and dealing with the heat with reentering. At least in space you don't need to worry about high pressure environments, but we could benefit from the tech for exploring planets.
He got someway toward his dream he first became an ass now he's naught
Probably be about the same, honestly.
Either way. Safe to say, at best, he was a space cadet. At worst a suicidal maniac.
Seen Event Horizon?
Rush was simply a man who thought he knew everything and had an ego second to none. If a group wants to research new tech go for it. But when your charging others to ride along, its no longer research.
@stevemolina8801 I agree with your statement, but Oceangate/Rush did have every passenger sign a death wavier. That should have been red flag enough to question going for the ride in my opinion.
@@aaronwilcott4561 I have parachuted a bunch of times and the only signature I never have to give was the military for it may kill you, but when I jump out of civilian Plains at least on the West Coast, I have to sign a waiver
An easy red flag is the fact that they had to call tourists "mission specialists" to get around certifications. What specialist knowledge? How to sit there?
Apparently one of the effects of narcissism is that you buy into your own BS.
@@aaronwilcott4561 You sign some sort of death waiver for almost anything that involves risk. Even most theme parks and water parks have some sort of death claus, and usually stuff like skiing, water sports, bungee, skydviving etc do as well. That's extremely standard. The death waiver in this instance would barely even stand up in court due to negligence on Oceangates part, and also pretty severe and consistent lying about the safety.
Stockton Rush: "At some point, safety is just pure waste."
True. When you're dead you don't need to worry about safety.
Not a tourist site. Absolutely agree.
Disrespect for the power of the ocean sank the Titanic, and the same sank the Titan.
Those who refuse to learn from the past, are doomed to repeat it.
The power of the Ocean will kneel and submit to the power of humanity Someday. "The Sea is ruthless mistress, but we are the masters of her."
A lot of channels are doing a coverage about this and pointing out the fatal flows and what not, but there is actually ONE fatal flow on this, and that is the CEO Stockton Rush, none of this would have happen if the CEO would just listen the people he hired instead of just firing them when they disagree with him
WW2 wouldn't have happened but for the monstrous ego of Adolf Hitler. We never seem to learn. Corporates usually give now employees personality tests. But not senior management, of course.
Yes and no, there is another possibility, they didnt protest strongly enough.
Yeah it's one of the dangers of surrounding yourself with 'yes' men, but the people who need to hear that don't read or listen, protest useless apparently given the testimonials
@@daniellassanderTell that to the dude who went to court with the company over it and testified recently. I'm sure he would disagree there wasn't enough push back.
Atleast the CEO himself faced the dire consequences too for a change, compared to the many others getting to run off to safety with a golden parachute when their company gets other people maimed and killed
I was waiting for that "the front fell off" joke
Well that is actually very unusual, most subs are built so that the front doesn't fall off at all.
Aaron was like a gunslinger with that clip. As soon as I thought about it he was playing it.
It fell off as it was being towed out of the environment...
I feel like he missed an opportunity for a Futurama reference. Torgo's Executive Paste.
@@salland12 Wasn't this sub built so that the front would not fall off?
Another Great Video!
With 3 boys, oldest is a chief in the navy, middle son is a officer in the space force, youngest in the flight program and me being a a commercial pilot for 22 years we all appreciate your videos with such thorough explanations.
Dang, you don’t have just wingmen there. You have sired a freaking armada!
Mess with bro and get orbital cannoned lol
Bro is out here singlehandedly breeding the creation of the GDI lol
After seeing your depth and comms timeline, my gut tells me that Paul lost confidence in the "captain" and tried his best to save the ship. The preamble to that mission is fucking insane.
I would say that one of the passengers was previously doing the communications, and PH took it on because they were having problems. I seriously doubt he suspected anything was wrong other than the communications, otherwise he would have taken over piloting.
If you look at their website on the way back machine, Oceangate would assign passengers roles on the sub, including coms. PH taking over midway though might have been fairly normal in terms of the level of normalcy at Oceangate.
that milk crate took a $250,000 trip to the Titanic
As a software developer the comms transcript drives me crazy. Did they not have some kind of telemetric on board, where the sub automatically would report a short system status back to the support vessel? And why did the not implement at least a basic acknowledge in the protocol to see if a certain message was delivered? I know that we are talking super low bandwidth there, but come on, just spend two bytes per message as some kind of message ID or something.
This is what happens, when the person at the top tells you that standards and safety procedures exist to slow down innovation. We see the results of that aproach....
They did have regular pings but you're right, you'd think a message ID and acknowledgement of ID received would be automatic - syn ack basically.
I wonder if they would have been able to recover any data from anything in the service module, which was outside the pressure hull.
When "move fast and break stuff" breaks you
@@peteranderson037 "When "move fast and break stuff" breaks you"
That's not really what oceangate did.
Oceangate never tested their carbon fiber hull, the structural connection with the titanium domes, the viewport or their "acoustic warning system" to destruction, much less repeatedly to test the safe number of dives for their particular manufacturing process of it.
😂 If I was about to get on a roller coaster, and was called a "mission specialist" instead of "customer"....I'd be out ASAP.
Same here brother
I think Mission: Space at Disney does that?
@@basedeltazero714 This is why they also have that waiver in the small print.
Except you couldn't get out because the hatch is held closed by 17 bolts.
@@benleman649 he means out of the place before getting into the sub in the first place lol
30:58
This part. So terribly heartbreaking.
31:31 - thank you for stating this so succinctly & respectfully. May they all rest in peace.
Thank you for those closing remarks.. they were too preoccupied answering the question of if they could, they did not stop to think if they should.
At 10:10, correction. Extremely unlucky they did not lose the entire submersible.
what?
Meaning, it would've been better if it had sunk then. You know, because people wouldn't have died later?
@@Jon.A.Scholt precisely. Losing the sub probably would have been enough to stop Rush in his tracks.
@michaeldipasqua1281 for a while anyway, at least it may have reset the "inevitable failure" death counter by forcing him to make a new deathtrap
@@Jon.A.Scholt Let's be honest, people still would have died later. Looking at the entire OceanGate company, the whole thing was a clusterfuck. It wasn't a matter of "if" someone died, but when. It just happened to be on the day 4 passengers were onboard.
Been waiting for you to drop some content on this! Everybody’s got an opinion on this but yours is 1 of the few worth listening to. Appreciate your hard work!
I’m reminded of that scene from the film “Airplane!”
“They bought their tickets, they knew what they were getting into…I say *let ‘em crash!*”
To me, the most fascinating moment in this video isn't the remains of the Titan and its crew (that's just the inevitable wages of arrogance, which is boring), but rather, the fish at 30:46 . He's gorgeous! He's *_so_* unconcerned by the enormous pressure (376 bar) and depth (3750m). It's his element, and he's scouting the activities of the ROV recovering the Titan wreckage with avid interest. We are one sentient species viewing a moment in the life of another sentient species across a vast difference of depth and pressure. I find that heart-warming.
You'd think that given communications are vital to the recovery of the crew, that if you had two communications systems fail, you would immediately scrub since if you lose the other you have nothing. But I guess I forgot who we were talking about.... Doesn't even see like they had such a thing as a minimum equipment list or anything, just played it by ear as failures happened. The fact that they arrived at the bottom of the ocean on a previous dive with the controller mapped incorrectly obviously shows they did no control checks at the surface. And Rush was a licensed pilot, so it's not like any of these ideas should have been new to him. Not even a disregard for safety; a distain for safety.
Especially since so many people kept emailing him about how it was a death trap and he encouraged them all.
I don’t know, man. But even with me being a scuba-diver, going down in a deep sea submersible triggers all of my phobia alarms;
1). Seemingly endless water depth into the abyss,
2). Claustrophobia,
3). Suffocation/running out of oxygen, and
4). Not being in control of my surrounding conditions and the inability for quick escape.
The only thing more terrifying is cave diving. 😱😱😱😱😱😱😱
@@VanillaSky-fe9ti
Yeah. Especially during an earthquake.
FYI, your Nr 1 is called thalassophobia, of which I also suffer.
Cave diving during an earthquake in a piranha zombie apocalypse
@@oxydoxxo with Cthulhu outside the cave waiting for you to escape.
"Paste-like substance." Oh jez louise those poor people. Killed by sheer arrogance.
The fact that they reached out to Canada instead of Boston directly tells me how chronically unprepared they were.
I believe the Polar Prince is CA flagged. So it would be natural for her captain to call Halifax (their departure port?) first. Halifax in turn realized who had 'jurisdiction' and referred it to Boston.
@@mikefochtman7164 they should have checked who has jurisdiction should an accident occur in their planning- the saying failure to prepare...prepare to fail comes to mind.
@@Aalisrocklist
EDIT: I’m very sorry, I hadn’t reached that point in the video where it’s explained that Boston CG is responsible for search and rescue over Titanic’s wreck site.
Could you explain your point as I don’t understand, please?
I would have thought Halifax would be the logical place to report an incident to and seek assistance from, as it’s far closer to the site than Boston?
@@maireadnic8280 The answer is right here in this thread.
In an emergency situation, time matters. They should have checked who has jurisdiction over the dive site and written that into their procedures.
They wasted time calling Halifax. It wouldn't have made a difference in this case, but it shows how unprepared they were.
@@knowwhey7559 thank you. I hadn’t reached that point of the video before I jumped in with my questionn.
Best analysis of the tragedy I have seen on youtube. Great job explaining things. Having 20 years experience working with carbon fiber, alarms were going off as I watched videos of how Titan was constructed
That milk crate was better engineered and built than the Titan submersible.
You know, because it was built to f***in industry standards, and destructively tested several hundred times before. Almost as if engineering matters.
I may get flamed for this, but it needs to be said if it hasn't already. These people were idiots. The total lack of concern for safety is eye opening to someone like me who can't even handle putting his head under water in the bath tub. The amount of fear I have of running out of breath even while wearing a full-face snorkel mask at the beach is unreal, so I don't ever think I would do something like this......let alone, pay millions of $$ to do it. I understand thrill-seeking. I understand that some get a "rush" out of pushing their limits. But this was a commercial enterprise that attempted to profit by misleading others to their death. I'm not a fan of government oversight, but this is EXACTLY why it's needed. Some people completely lack the ability to govern themselves and this is the outcome.
I don't know why you considered this comment something to get 'flamed for'; I agree with you completely. I think this tragic event will force regulations to prevent it being repeated. Five lives lost - for nothing but corporate greed in an unregulated space.
My favorite submarine disaster channel. Fortunately there's not nearly enough content for it!
"They are very lucky they didn't loose the whole thing right there."
If they had, 5 people would still have been alive so I don't know about lucky.
You are twisting his words
@@thelvadam2884 No, I am pointing out the irony in life.
Remember, "they" in the original quote refers to the company. Yes, the fact that the front dome did not tumble off the deck and into the sea was lucky from a financial standpoint at the time. However, I would argue that loosing the titan to a catastrophic implosion event with the loss of CEO of company plus 4 passengers (albeit one had some experience and served as copilot) is related to this earlier incident, if not causally then still by corporate culture, and as such show the event to be a curse in disguise.
Love the reference to the front falling off. Have a great day.
This is the analysis I've been waiting for! If anyone is going to explain this in ways non-submariners can easily understand, it's Aaron. Thanks mate!
The aft section sticking up like that is an ocean-floor monument to the hubris of one man
The towing aspect is something that shouldn’t be overlooked. The possibility, even if minor, of variable splashing could’ve led to concealed damage or repeated stresses to the carbon fiber at the joints.
just like when it was floating out in the storm and the tail got ripped off, and they spent less than a day at port fixing it. Stockton seemed to be hellbent on a mission to join the victims of the titanic, but he had no business bringing other victims with him
@@Corvus.2606 Stockton's wife is the great-great-granddaughter of Isidor and Ida Straus who went down with the Titanic. Crazy how the history rhymes.
Its just insane
The fact that the dome cap was still intact and looked like it had very little damage, showed that it popped off from the interior pressure of the sub. Those hinges failing caused that catastrophe. The constant using of this sub over and over again was just too much. The pressures at those depths is 400 atmospheres, and that changes the metallurgy of the sub, down to the hinges. They used carbon composite materials that was wov. Mixing all these materials together at those depths was a disaster waiting to happen. You have to wonder what those seals looked like on a microscopic level. James Cameron who has experience with this said these subs shouldn’t be used more than 5 times at these depths because all the strain the vessel sustains. This sub had 90 dives with 13 successful dives to the Titanic. This sub should’ve been retired many dives before the last one. Gross negligence of Rush and that company.
I don't think the hinge caused that disaster, the hinge probably got damaged when the dome fell off.
Which is probably what happened underwater this time. The carbon and hypoxy glue due to stress couldn't hold onto the dome anymore and the water pressure then was just to much and the carbon too brittle and the whole thing imploded from the front dome ... and smashed and mushed people and equipment , as water rushed in from all sides and slamed everything into the back dome and the force caused the tail section to pop off too.
@@JaniceHope From the sounds of it the hinge was already damaged before they even went down. Maybe not to that scale, but clearly it had had problems in the past and knowing the constant screwups of this company and Stockton Crush himself, I'm not convinced it was ever actually fixed. At best they probably slapped some kind of bandaid temporary fix on it and called it good.
This was how I first found your channel. Glad we’re getting an update on this tragedy.
This was less a tragedy and more stupidity and hubris with lots of cash backing it.
@@MrGoesBoom It is still a tragedy. You can't exactly comfort a widow grieving the loss of her husband and son by reassuring her that they were killed by their own stupidity and hubris, and that they are only dead because they had lots of cash to back their demise. Try to put your words into that perspective when you say such things.
This was murder suicide, three murders two suicides. PH was asked about the obvious risks everyone was warning about this vehicle and he said roughly "I am an old man, what does it matter", Rush was a pathological narcissist who was willing to die before seeing his business unravel which it surely would have and he knew it. PH failed to confront the fact that his presence on the dive gave the impression of safety to the three people not qualified to know better. They are both murderers. For a narcissist, paradoxically, suicide is a way for his self image to survive. Implosion does not allow enough time to feel failure and he was fully aware of that fact. Caveat emptor.
Extremely well said!
That’s a lot of anger you got there buddy - how about we let the investigators and lawyers do their jobs and keep personal opinions where the belong.
@@Captain101-x1o I love how the current generation can take facts and interpret them as opinions at will despite evidence and common sense. It must be a a social or genetic defect that creates delusional mentality in so many people at one time
@@Captain101-x1ohow about we let people comment in the comment section
This accident gave the CEO immortality, otherwise he'd have been just another failed business owner.
This is by far the best presentation I've seen about this tragedy. Thank you for being so thorough and respectful in your discussion of the facts.
‘There was a substance, paste-like…..’ 🤢
That was Stockton Mush.
@@oscarkoop2548😮😂😂
@@hissingsid6854 Billionaire pate seasoned with sea salt. Delicious! Eat the rich, as they say.
@@oscarkoop2548 💀
they are crabby patties now ;)
No black box is an interesting choice. As cutting edge explorers blazing a technological trail they should want to leave data for posterity.
Given everything else we know about the incident, this is a not at all surprising lack of oversight. Also I hate to be "that guy" but the black box isn't actually black. It's usually a bright color like orange to make it easier to find, since black is an inconspicuous color.
According to the cbs reporter that did a story b4 this all happened.. the dropping of 2 weights is standard procedure so it doesnt slam on ocean floor.. if they were trying to come back up fast, they'd be dropping all the weights they could
@@nickross2423 Lots of dumb media reports tried to make too much of this. Remember how dumb those media talking heads are next time they try to scare you with lies.
@@nickross2423 The fact that littering the ocean floor was standard procedure really irks me.
@louiscypher4186 ill agree with that
@@louiscypher4186 The use of drop weights for primary buoyancy control of submersibles that go to this depth is standard, even outside of Oceangate. The pressure at this depth is simply so great that it is impractical, or even dangerous to try to use the kind of air/water ballast tanks used at shallow depths. Compressed air tanks capable of pushing water out of the tanks would be extremely heavy and like bombs. Any electric pump would have an extreme power draw, limiting sub endurance and posing a hazard if it should fail or the sub loses power.
Drop weights systems on the other hand are extremely simple and can be made Fail-Safe (ex: weighrs dropped by electromagnet in event of a power failure and/or detach automatically by the corrosion of support brackets after a fixed time) which is absolute critical on a vehicle which operates at these depths, as it is unlikely anyone will be able to rescue you if your ballast system fails.
AFAIK weights are typically cast iron, steel, or lead (literal rocks could be used if desired I suppose), and typically have little to no effect on the environment, especially compared to all the wrecked ships and planes mankind has left down there.
@@louiscypher4186meh, it’s made of materials that come from this earth, and they are being returned to the earth. Not even a drop in the bucket in the grand scheme of things, if that’s littering you should look at the WW2 wrecks full of explosives, fuel oil, and sailors that cover the ocean floor.
Remember to throw your used car batteries in the ocean, someone’s gotta charge the eels.
thank you for clarifying the atypical frequency of fronts falling off
Of all the vids I've watched on this channel, this is the first I've had to watch/regretted watching. Based on 25 years experience of building ROV's, this accident truly sickens me; it didn't need to be this way. My former industry learned more than 20 years ago that carbon carbon pressure vessels were a good idea that didn't work; the nature of their construction renders them incapable of handling the elastic deformation the pressure vessel has to endure with every dive. Over time, the pressure vessel suffers micro-fractures that get bigger/more serious with every dive/recovery cycle.
There's a reason why extremely deep diving vessels are so expensive; you need very exotic materials to handle the pressure at those depths, coupled with extreme levels of engineering and quality control. It's insane to think that this stuff can be done on a budget and believe it'd be safe enough for "tourism". The levels of criminal negligence in this entire sad story are just mind boggling. My heart goes out to the families and all personel involved in the wreck and its' recovery.
And the Coast Guard is using indestructible milk crates in their salvage operations.
Looks to be 2 milk crates zip-tied together to form a double milk crate lol
I'm not a very smart man. I'm a plumber and I work on boilers. There's a spoiler out there called a cleaver Brooks that uses a door very similar to this sub except it's. Adjusting for scale the hinge on The door of a cleaver Brooks boiler is 20 to 50 times the size of the hinge they have on their titanium submarine end cap That fell off. Another thing I noticed is on a cleaver Brook spoiler. It has to withstand it internal pressure of only 15 to 30 PSI. That's pressure pushing out. The door on a cleaverbrook spoiler has a 3/4-in bolt every 6 in around the circumference of the door. Looking at this photo, the subs bolts seem vastly undersized and it seems like there should be three to four times more bolts than there are. Of course this is trying to keep pressure from crushing it which is the opposite of a boiler containing pressure but it just seems wrong to me. Anytime you have flanged pipes that come together, there is a pretty consistent ratio of bolt numbers and bolt diameter to pipe diameter. This seems to go completely against that and has too few bolts that are too small. In this plumber's very uneducated opinion.
Sound like a smart man to me.
The water pressure is compressing the door on so the bolting needs are much lower than if the pressures involved were instead being constrained in the sub. Pressure vessels are no joke. Only 30 psi.... Doesn't seem like much until you realize a 3 ft circle would generate a load of 30,500 lbs. That said everything they did is pretty much some combination of wrong and reckless. The comments about the titanium to carbon bonding are dead on. Its unbelievable they didn't even prep the surfaces being bonded.
You're smarter than the guy running that whole op at the least
@rustyshakleford5230 the cleaver brooks are also well made boilers. This sub was not well made.
I'm not a smart man, when it comes to plumbing.
When it comes to plumbing, You are a smart man with practical experience. I would never go in a submarine if the team who built it didn't include someone with experience in...plumbing!!
Or like someone with experience working the pipes on an oil-rig.(not a pun)
..Plumbers always fascinated me... they can work anywhere there are pipes...and pressure. Like a hydropontic farm, beer factory, distileries, marine stuff, pneumatic systems, swimming pools , golfcourses, oil-industry, ,...it's one of those professions that aplies to a lot indeed..
"I’d like to be remembered as an innovator. I think it was General MacArthur who said: ‘You are remembered for the rules you break’."
-- Stockton Rush, the man remembered for instantly dying when the front fell off
@onlylettersand0to9 anyone who knows military history would see a general MacArthur quote as a red flag in itself lmao
The irony of that quote is that it is in reference to MacArthur's decision to order an advance towards the Yalu River marking the border between North Korea and China in spite of repeated Chinese warnings, which brought China into the Korean War.
Yeah. Rush is known for the rules he broke, that is for certain. He will be remembered for committing murder by hubris.
He said that quote himself - there’s clips of it too
@@DominionSorcerer or in WW2 trying to defend the Philippines when there was no reasonable way to reinforce or supply the men there and we all know how that ended. The guy was a PR machine but a Ego driven blow hard.
Looks like the dome blew clean off at the glue joint. Not even any debris attached to it. Pretty crazy they didn't use a mechanical connection for that.
I think you misunderstand the failure mode.
It didn’t exactly ‘blow off’, it was being pressed into the carbon hull with a force off over 5000psi at the time of failure.
Once the vessel was compromised the dome was propelled away from the wreckage as part of the implosion sequence.
@@Captain101-x1o you completely missed the point smart guy. 🤣
Best video on this and understanding what happened. Especially for us non nautical people
Thoroughly agree with your statement at the end. The Titanic is a grave site, not a tourist site. Just leave it alone and let the hundreds of people down there rest in peace.
Yeah but that's not how anything works. Everything is a gravesite. Whether it be houses, nature reserves, fields or mountaintops...
I don't understand this sentiment. The catacombs of Paris are a popular tourist destination, just like the pyramids of Egypt or tours of Aushwitz. Many shipwecks have resulted in loss of life and are their remains and resulting reefs are popular dive sites. All these places have cultural and historical significance. I can sympathize with people's desire to visit them.
Stockton rush sounds like a narcissist and a fool and I hope we learn from his mistakes but don't think this is the lesson.
@@justandy333 , more 1,500 people died on the Titanic.
@@peterriesz69 Each to their own. I for one have no desire to visit many of these sites, Reading about them is perfectly adequate. I've never understood why people would want to visit a place where people died, in some cases, in horrendous circumstances. If you're a researcher with a purpose, you're actually trying to prove a hypothesis, that's a bit different. But to visit a burial site as a tourist just to gawk at it is just bizarre in my opinion. As I say, Each to their own, I just find it weird. And yes, Stockton Rush was a fool of epic proportions.
@@HappyRoach1 Yes, fifteen hundred.
What a shame. Excellent presentation of the information.
That fish at the end of the video 😂😂😂 just chilling and watching
My thoughts exactly! I was like.. well that fish sure don’t mind the pressures lol. Amazing how they have adapted and evolved to handle that kind of pressure and live in it like it’s nothing . Quite impressive
That fish was hangin' out there because it was FEEDING !!! Think about it.
"What'cha doing down here, landlubber?"
It smelled the meat paste, no doubt.
Poor fishy, that implosion for sure not not feel nice at all.
the look you gave yourself when you said 5 recipients is priceless. Thank you for the enlightening information.
I think we need a new word, because gross negligence isn't enough to describe this behavior
The bible says they professed themselves wise and became fools. Seems to me what happened here. They thought they were geniuses in a super safe sub and really they were the biggest idiots out on the ocean
Don't know if it's just me, but seeing footage of the bottom of the ocean always creeps me out. Especially if wrecks or human man objects can be seen in the footage as well.
👀
Yeah, it may as well be the moon.
@@RomanHistoryFan476AD
You should watch videos of the North Sea divers 300ft down walking about on the sea floor and working on equipment. I really can't imagine how that would feel.
Perhaps you were on the Titanic in your previous life ;-)
Sound like a good case of submechanophobia. It's not just seeing the objects for me, it's knowing that at some point people were living on the vessel and now it's just empty and silent for all eternity. It's like seeing a completely abandoned and quiet city.
They found a paste like substance and tested and found the DNA of all the passengers?!! Holy moly. I never heard that before. Is that true?!!
Well, that's kind of what happens when you go from 1 atmospheric pressure to 400 atmosphere's worth of pressure in less time than it takes for the neurons in your brain to fire. Imagine putting a tomato on the floor and jumping on it. Those people went from people to paste in the blink of an eye because of the enormous pressures involved. Not even your bones are going to hold up under those pressures, they would just.. liquefy instantly. Naturally, all that paste is just going to get mixed up together in the process, and wallowing around in the depths of the ocean for a while probably helped too.
An often repeated phrase about this particular case is that these people stopped being people and became chemistry. Fraction of a second is all it took.
I haven't actually heard anywhere else say it was a "paste like substance". Not saying it's wrong, but the official coastguard document didn't say that. In fact, what it did say was that the remains found were given back to the families which I am not sure how possible that would be if they were all mixed up into a blob. But who knows.
@@HB-vz1pr At the pressures involved, the inrush of water could easily de-flesh bone. The "remains" might be nothing more than teeth.
@@JSheepherder This might be pedantic, but maybe interesting! It's not the pressure itself that caused a violent inrush of water. Pressure is just the weight of the water column above them, the water is still only going to "fall" into the sub at the rate of acceleration of gravity. The real killer was the fact that water is actually ever so slightly compressible. Enough so that at that depth it found a vacuum to decompress into at around 3500 mph. If water were in fact perfectly incompressible, it would have just spilled in the same as it would at only 10 feet deep. Of course once you're covered in that water, getting drowned by 5500 psi doesn't feel very good either. It just wouldn't have been instantaneous.
29:40 answered the only question i had remaining sadly.
Rest In Peace.
Kind of a 'human paste'.
got turned into goop
@@mackgriffin7397 😳🤯
They may have died instantly but they had hours of terror listening to that thing snap crackle; and thankfully it was a very quick pop.
Probably didn't hear a thing. One second they were there, then the next second they weren't.
i do not ever comment on youtube but your video is exactly what ive been searching for since this tragedy occurred. thank you for the incredible delivery
What caused the front dome to fall off was they only used 4 of 18 bolts and then the crane operator dropped it pretty hard onto the recovery platform. So they knew what caused the problem. Not using enough bolts. They never inspected the carbon fiber hull to determine what, if any damage, the hard landing caused.
@@daring5722 that sub was always going to fail, doesn’t matter how many bolts they used.
The bolts are not critical underwater. At depth there is 15,000,000 pounds of force holding that door shut. More then any amount of bolts can clamp down on. They are only needed at the surface.
As a living relative of a passenger that perished on the Titantic I applaud you sir, It is a graveyard.
Maybe she should be left alone.
@@twistedyogert I think she should.
The submersible was dropped when pulling it out of the water. Thats why the dome fell off. It didnt just, "fall off".
Fred Hagen said: “The force of the platform hitting the deck… it basically sheared off several bolts and they shot off like bullets. And the titanium dome fell off."
It was being held on by only 4 bolts. ONLY 4 BOLTS!!!
yowza!
Exactly
Yeah, that freaked me out too. NO surprise that same dome interface is the most likely point of failure. If it sheared the mounting bolts off... what did that same mechanical shock do to the glue seam between the ring and the tube? Did that glue crack and weaken on that incident?
@@Kris-ib8sn Even more yikes when you realise 4 bolts can't possibly have equal load on a round object.
So not only did they have no redundancy but they chose a number which was likely to increase the chance of failure.
@@louiscypher4186 At depth there is 15,000,000 pounds of force pushing that dome inwards. Those bolts are just there to seal it at the surface. Underwater, the water pressure puts way more force then even 20 bolts can ever clamp down.
@@wally7856 I'm sure Mr Rush reminded himself of that in the split second he had to think between an almighty creak and the fwd bulkhead failing completely.
A somber topic but important to reflect on the safety mistakes so that hopefully others in the future will learn. This video did this real well, thank you.
Thank you for your time and effort putting this video together, also your closing words are very apt.
Look - it boils down to simple physics - Atmospheric Pressure (A.P.) increases by 1 per 10 - TEN - meters depth.
WE DID THIS IN SCHOOL - Surface = 14.7 P.S.I.,
10 meters = 29.4 P.S.I.,
20 meters = 44.1 P.S.I.,
30 meters = 58.8 P.S.I.,
40 meters = 73.5 P.S.I.,
50 meters = 88.2 P.S.I.,
100 meters = 161.7 P.S.I.,
1,000 meters = 1,485 P.S.I. (101 A.P. multiples),
1,300 meters = 1,926 P.S.I. (131 A.P. multiples),
2,000 meters = 2,955 P.S.I., (201 A.P. multiples),
3,000 meters = 4,425 P.S.I., (301 A.P. multiples),
4,000 meters = 5,895 P.S.I., (401 A.P. multiples),
ANY unit designed/rated for 1,300/3,000 meters should NEVER even be considered for a load of 5,895 P.S.I.
WHAT THE HELL WAS RUSH “THINKING”?
Plus - a little mantra of mine - "It if flies, it can crash; if it floats, it can sink; if it's electrical, it'll try to kill you (nothing personal)". Just sayin'.
If you are going to work in metric stay in metric. It would be better to bracket the PSI figures and have BAR figure or Atmospheres next to the unit of measurement.
while you aren't wrong, the port window rated for 1300/3000m was not the failure point, which we know because it got pushed outwards at the time of failure. Lots of things rated for certain pressures can often exceed their rating quite a lot without failing, at least once or twice.
@@gregorythompson5826 The psi is easier for us poor folks in the US to relate to... at Titanic depth approx. 5,500 pounds pressing on each and every square inch of my body... shiver!
Fun Fact: density of lead is 0.409 lbs/cu. in. A column of lead with a 1 sq. in. cross-section (standing on my body) would have to be 1,120 feet high to equal the 5,500 psi at Titanic. As high as 110 story building!
Fun Fact: Density of lead is 0.409 lbs./sq. in. A column of lead with a 1 sq. in. cross-section would have to be 1,120 feet high to weigh 5,500 lbs. 5,500 psi is the approximate pressure at Titanic depth (~3800m).
... and Murphy's Law always applies.
Excellent briefing as usual Aaron.
And I agree about the gravesite statement, folks should leave these places alone.
It could not have been THAT much more expensive to make the whole pressure vessel from titanium or thick steel. Why did they even use carbon fiber in the first place? Its not even loaded it tension! It gets more stupid the more you think about it. We have centuries of experience making pressure vessels from metals. They have ultrasound machines for finding cracks in metal walls, they do that all the time for pipelines etc.
I guess it was attempt at "bringing something novel". Except didn't undergo any thorough failure testing.
Wasn't there some footage of its construction, where carbon fiber was just wrapped on and licked with resin, layer after layer like some garage project?
Some issues with titanium throughout is that as you get bigger (to hold more passengers), the thickness grows. And that adds weight that makes it negatively bouyant. To counter this, you need some form of positive bouyancy that is pressure resistant (some sort of 'foam' i believe). So... a big part of it is "Bigger to generate more revenue but not heavier to keep costs down". Sadly, all too often saving money drives bad decisions.
The reason for using carbon fiber was primarily buoyancy. The hull was close to neutrally buoyant by itself which limited the need for large volumes of syntactic foam to allow it to float/ascend. If it had been made of titanium, it would have needed roughly 2.5 times the hulls volume of foam to get it to float which would have made it 3-4 times larger.
Basically, Stockton was trying to keep the submersible as small as possible while also carrying as many people as possible.
It's to keep the weight down.
(For buoyancy). Surprisingly a big issue (difficulty) with subs is to keep the weight down.
Plus it was ex-Boeing expired carbon fiber if I recall correctly. So he got a great deal on it. No, I'm not kidding.
There is a debris map released by the Coast Guard. It also includes the last known location of Titan and the bow of the Titanic to show how close it was. Looking at the debris map, it appears that they were down there for several minutes longer than their last ping and were in a different spot when the implosion happened.
From what I have seen on another channel, they had an emergency balloon that would inflate and lift them up. Apparently inflating that balloon knocks off the rear cone and it appears that is what happened. So, it appears they were knowingly in distress and were trying to ascend back up to the surface.
The sled on the bottom is also nowhere near the wreckage, showing that could have been jettisoned also in an effort to resurface.
Although much of this sub was poorly designed, it is possible his real time monitoring system which monitors hull integrity was going off anywhere from moments to a few minutes before implosion. Which could be why they attempted emergency ascent. Then again it’s possible they had zero clue anything was wrong. Whether or not there was panic in the sub, what we do know is they would not have processed their deaths as the event occurred so fast.
This is not a safe assumption. When the front of the submarine collapsed it did so with enough force to blow the back dome apart. That kind of energy transfer can launch debris quite far.
@@JSheepherder While I do agree that all our conjecturing may not be the most accurate description of events, the debris map does show a clear pattern of current. It shows everything, except the hull and domes, to have been carried northwest as the pieces were floating in the water. The hull and domes appear to be the only parts that were too dense and/or still had too much kinetic energy to be carried by the currents very far.
There was nothing in the hearings to indicate this. This is merely speculation from people who didn't watch the hearings.
Nothing inspires more confidence than the back end held together by a strap.
when the o'reilly ratchet strap is stronger than your pressure hull, you know you've screwed up somewhere.
Apparently the dome fell off because they only used 4 bolts and the crane operator dropped the sled and sub on the deck of the ship.
They may have closed the incident as the dome coming off was not a typical use case for a failure.
The thought of diving that deep into the ocean in a submersible gives me massive anxiety
That's nature's way of helping you survive. Be thankful you get anxiety from the thought of doing something so dangerous. Although I acknowledge that we have gained a lot from very brave people who have explored the deep, and I respect them greatly. But I am like you, happily respecting my anxiety of ever getting in a situation in order to travel that deep. Plus the idea of them having to bolt me in and me not having a way to emergency egress without someone on the outside letting me out again, provides just a little bit extra anxiety icing for the cake.
Stockton Mush seems to have done everything he could to be as unsafe as possible.
I'll have you know, that had no right to be funny. But who is worse, you for making the joke, or me for laughing at it?
I have the sense that OceanGate was operating on a razor thin profit margin. Trying to squeeze in as many missions as possible, hasty repairs, using unconventional materials/designs, and storing the sub outside during winter just to name a few budget saving measures. On top of that Rush was personally reaching out to wealthy individuals trying to get them to buy tickets to ride his death trap. They were trying to save money wherever possible and sacrificed safety and common sense in the process.
@@Klyis I couldn't agree more. I'm wondering now about Stocktons mindset, if the pressure, no pun intended, got to him and he didn't see a way out other than literally riding it to the end regardless of safety. Possibly in order to avoid the sting of failure because he had to know it was going to fail eventually. I shouldn't speculate but it's hard for me to understand why someone would do this.
@@TesseraktGaming I can't take credit for coming up with it, but I will join you in laughing. We can ask for forgiveness together 😆
@@Skankhunter420 My guess is he either hoped enough people would eventually become interested in Titanic tours to make it commercially viable, OR he knew it would fail long term and planned to start a new venture where he could use OceanGate as a tool to attract potential investors. Something along the lines of "If you invest $10 million into my exciting new business I'll give you a personal tour of the Titanic aboard my other innovative creation, the people squisher 1000."
Thank you for an excellent, lay-person friendly (but never condescending) account of this disaster. Excellently done!
If you go down the rabbit hole it gets only worse. Such a sad story.
I never thought I’d need a go-to channel for submarines. Yet here I was waiting for this to drop
one thing you didn’t mention maybe deliberately is that the US Navy had recorded and alerted on the sound of the implosion the very first day that it happened through the acoustic surveillance systems. That came out in subsequent articles. What a tragedy people were into a paste but like you said, using amateur engineers with no submarine experience is a recipe for tragedy.
I followed the first brief on this incident, and SubBrief's prediction on the sub imploding has been proven out quite accurately. Really dig the channel.
IMO there is a non-zero possibility of Navy people having a pretty good understanding from acoustic monitoring, and then maybe they shared the simple information "they are gone" with trusted contacts.
@@alphakevin687 I suspect you're correct.
I remember when Oceangates first add popped up on my Facebook feed. You too can dive to the Titanic! For only $250K! Of course nearly every comment was yeh right I’ll just go the bank and take out a 1/4 million dollars tomorrow. I’ve watched a lot of channels covering the hearings and it was way worse then we ever thought. Karl Stanley was spot on when he said .. Rush was building a mouse trap to go the Titanic and billionaires we’re willing to pay a huge chunk of money to die in it! What a huge disaster Oceangate was .
I remember seeing it for the first time on facebook. I thought ok let’s all run to the bank to get our $250K and go to the Titanic! What a joke.
Best explanation of operational and subsequent failures of the components involved in this predictable tragedy. New to your channel but impressed and looking forward to future videos.
Appreciate your covering this. Moreover, i appreciate the somber tone, especially at the end. Well said.
I believe the former co-founder said the dome fell off cuz he had only put 4 bolts in instead of the 18 it calls for
I could be wrong tho
Wouldn't surprise me. Probably stripped the threads on all the others.
the fact its front hatch actually fell off is hilarious
I do not understand why Paul Henry wanted anything to do with this project. He, of all the people involved, should have been aware of what a shitshow this entire thing was. I just don't understand how we was persuaded to go down in that kamikaze sub.
He'd recently lost his wife, the love of his life - some say be didn't care anymore.
Thanks for the very informative summary. The best part of the video for me was the fish swimming around the site just watching out of curiosity
Was waiting for this video, thank you
The fish at the end was thinking, "You people left the primordial ooze a long time ago. Why are you coming back?"
And why are you coming back as ooze?
“We really should weld these bumpers (submersible)..but that takes time…equipment….money… So! We use super super glue instead.”
“Wont it fall off?”
“Definitely”
“Isn’t that dangerous?”
“…not to me..okay?”
Great report Capt. And I agree 100% with treating those, and other, wreck sites as graveyards. 🙏Definitely Not to be visited and smiled at like tourists at frkn sea world❤😒, and Definitely not condemning nor emotionally gawking at. Thanks bro 🙏