This Genius Propeller Will Change Aviation Forever
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- Опубликовано: 5 июн 2024
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Toroidal propellers have shown the ability to increase efficiency and reduce noise on boats and drones, but in this video we will see if these benefits can be transferred to wind turbines and planes.
Sources:
[D B Sugden patent] patents.google.com/patent/US3...
[Plane propeller patent] patentimages.storage.googleap...
[Spiroid winglets] www.aviationpartners.com/tech...
[PhD thesis] dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.229...
[@ThinkingandTinkering 's video] • 1846 Further Testing O...
[Wind toroidal base] www.jstor.org/stable/43749543...
Intro card by Johannes Skolaude
johannesskolau.de/
00:00 Intro
00:27 Recap
01:18 Design origins
01:58 Planes
04:45 Wind Energy
#toroidal #windenergy #breakthrough 
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Let me know if you see any other interesting uses of the toroidal design!
Nice😁
Please may i ask why you say at 6:16 - that current wind turbines can get around 75% of available wind energy, when actual maximum is around 59.3% (Betz's law)
@@miloddvoranak8900 I assume he means 75% of Betz law in the video. "Practical utility-scale wind turbines achieve at peak 75-80% of the Betz limit." -wiki
@@Narcle0 ok thx
@@trevorbrannon8875you should start carrying a plant around everywhere with you.
The air efficiency of 75% percent of modern windmills is NOT 75%, but 75% of 59,3%, so more around 40%...And the Betz limit of 59,3% is the max theoretical efficiency.
…which is why he says that available, well explained, though he did use the Betz term
👍yep.
I do like the ridgeblade designe.
Can you explain why this value is so low? This comes as a real surprise to me considering turbines in turbine engines achieve efficiencies in the high 90's. I am not talking about the Betz limit but the 75% figure which I assume is enthalpy difference divided by lossless enthalpy difference, like it is for turbine engines.
@@SaitekFreak999 I think you are correct. The efficiency of the generator could be more than 90%, but than you also have the gearing system. Multiply both and you will get about 75%?
Isn't this a lot alike the little toys we had as kids...in the 1960's? It was a stick with a plastic "flower looking" propeller that was shiny and brightly colored. And the slightest breeze made it spin like a top...
Exactly! Yes
I remember those. I think you are right
Pinwheel.
Um. No I don’t think this is the same. Toroidal designs close their loops with foil-based cross-sections. A pinwheel is open, and not an aerofoil per se. It is more close to a push-style like that of Savonius rotors, rather than a lift device.
@@JV-pu8kx Pinwheel! I could not remember the name.Thanks
The thing people underestimate about these is the durability increase a toroidal prop has over a normal one (for applications in water), as the main reason props wear down over time and have to be replaced every now and then is cavitation. These cavitations are like microscopic explosion, that tear out material very slowly, but steadily. Ultrasonic bath cleaners work on the same principle
Good point, I think the main area to watch is submarine blades. As those need to be as quiet as possible, and if there is an actual advantage that is where they would first appear
A high quality conventional ship prop lasts hundreds of thousands of hours. Way longer than any ship or engine. The props they use on outboard motors is just cheap consumer grade junk.
@@NickTrouble I was just thinking about whether these will even make it on to subs because they've already switched to those new jet propulsion systems.
@@jeremygrant1325 kinda the same premise of taking away edge vortexes, so if that isn’t an issue they might not see a need
Would it not Kill Birds
At a Drastically GREATer rate,
Due to it reducing the cavitating turbulence, birds gona think "This is FINE..." This is completely Fine...?!?!?
What I like a lot with your channel is the fact that you dig deep into scientific research and patente and don't just reproduce what attention seeking market departments spill out. I hope you stay critical and on the realistic side of things.
A common feature of many propeller planes are constant speed propellers. The pitch angle of the blades are adjustable to provide optimum "bite" into the air for maximum thrust or maximum efficiency. For take-off, the engine can be set to a high RPM and then the blade pitch increased to give max thrust. When the desired airspeed is reached, the engine can be throttled back and pitch adjusted for efficiency. They also have the ability to feather, to have the blade body in line with the plane, with the least drag and no rotation, in case of an engine failure. On a multi-engine plane, a dead engine would have it's prop feathered for least amount of drag and to prevent something more dangerous, propeller pinwheeling. Pinwheeling occurs when the prop cannot be feathered and the rotational speed of the prop is uncontrolled, resulting in higher and higher RPMs, which can at some point cause the prop to come apart and lose a blade. This would be catastrophic for two reasons: one is the blade could fly into the fuselage, causing great damage, and two, an unbalanced rotating load on the engine that can tear the engine off it's mount.
A toroidal prop cannot feather, but is also least likely to lose an individual prop component. But it can overspeed and break off from the engine and impact the fuselage.
The toroidal propeller would be considered a fixed pitch prop, with the engine RPM determining it's thrust: low RPMs, low thrust, high RPMs, high thrust. Aeroengines do have a sweet spot in RPMs for best efficiency , so the prop would have to be optimized for that engine and plane configuration. But it would mean compromises in engine performance and additional wear and likely a lower mean time between overhauls (MTO).
Are you sure a toroidal prop cannot feather? I don’t know why variable pitch would make any less sense with a toroidal prop than with a conventional prop. In either case feathering is a compromise situation where the blades are adjusted for minimum drag, given the roots and tips have very different angles of attack which makes sense only when rotating. The same applies to toroidal designs, it seems to me.
Great analysis. Thanks.
Wind turbines currently designed with three individual blades, limited weight and very high tip speeds. Also wind turbine with a regular blade adjusted the pitch easily, with a toroidal it would require each part to move independently increasing design complexity and weight.
Pumps don’t tend to use propellers.
Not only that. Somehow people forget the production cost and the ability to deliver the blades to the sites at all (yes it is a huge problem). The current blades already max out the size limits.
I figured weight would’ve been the biggest factor. That photoshop looked heavy asf. Especially since propellers in aircraft need to twist to stay efficient at various speed ranges. Toroidal seem to be a stop gap for ships in the since they don’t have to twist and cover a wider range.
@@MetallicReg "site"
@@budgiefriend Thank you for the correction :)
Pump propellers are called impellers, but the physics is the same. However pump impellers are typically (not always) designed to thrust the fluid outward rather than parallel to the shaft, thus efficiency has different requirements; as the designer is trying to control fluid motion in the volute. Perhaps tubercles in the volute could ease transition to laminar flow.
Turbine pumps, where the flow is parallel to the pump shaft, are nearer to propellers in design, but more nearly similar to a ducted fan. Minimization of tip clearance is crucial.
Surprising that you went through this whole video without ever mentioning rotational mass or flywheel effect. Both are extremely simple mathematical principles that will easily create a massive problem for toroidal designs as size increases. Please discuss the dramatically and geometrically increasing structural requirements placed on a rotating mass at increasing distances from the center of rotation. Again, this is very simple math which produces staggering results that are fundamental in this analysis. Do the simple math and the typical wind turbine today with 100 meter blades, turning at 20 rpm produces 41 G's of force at the tips. When you can find me an engineer that can overcome that let me know.
Agree to 100% ... this is my comment from a few minutes ago: "
No, they won't - and here is WHY: The centripetal forces and the mass of a turbine blade only allow thin and slender blades that take "pulling" forces well. The "new" designs will increase the weight of the rotor by around 250% or even more - way too much for low wind speeds for the rotor to pick up speed and and too much for the column and the foundation of the current design.
But more importantly, GE, Siemens, Vestas and Mitsubishi have invested billions and billions in the current, cheap, WT type we are seeing everywhere today - an new approach to rotor design (especially a better one) would threaten their returns and their existence as a company. Now one might think a newcomer could use the opportunity and come up with radically new WT and attack the established manufacturers ... well, that won't happen either as WTs have an absolutely minimal profit margin - thus investors will put their money where it will generate returns. One look at the WT industry as a whole and you know why such an endeavor will never take off."
Anyhow in about 10 years « scientists » will discover that wind mills brake the wind too much or whatever and it results in … yes climate change !! And loss of biodiversity . And end of life pollution . So we will find an other great idea , very much Shumpeter - like . Creative destruction . Never mind .
@F. D. How about smaller turbines like the ones you find in farms where they are close to houses and barns where noise, size and efficency is more important that maximum output like in wind farms?
We tie onto one of the local turbines at night and go for a ride when it starts up, u gotta jump off before it gets going too fast
1. 41 Gs is well within carbon fibres strength to weight ratios to deal with. Spin launch hits 10,000Gs and it works just fine.
2. The dude literally brought up moment of inertia when discussing wind turbine bases. Although it is pretty far off topic imo.
Flying a small plane low and downwind from a large wind farm is one of the most turbulent flights I've ever had.
Obviously. That's where the wind comes from. ;D
@@RubenKelevra They work so hard!
@@cas343 Those wind farmers? I know they sell it to the meteorologists, but nobody will talk about it.
I like your systematic approach to comparing one vs the other etc and understanding of practical limitations. You've gained a subscription.
Just because you put the bar on your ad that showed how much time was left, I went back and watched it instead of skipping it, And I'm leaving this comment to increase engagement because of that. That is so amazing. Thank you
Well structured videos and thank you for not starting each one with, “what’s up guys.”
I am very interested in these propellers. I would like to try out a pair on my 80' explorer yacht,
Also I would like a 80' explorer yacht.
💀😂
get while the getting is good brother !
Hi Ziroth, thank you very much for these videos, in spite of being interested in engines and propulsion systems for nearly seventy years it is only recently that I have seen anything like this!.
I found out quite a lot about wing-tip vortices and the drag they induce when I was trying to develop a rotor to extract energy from in front of me on my bicycle on the assumption that since my body cause a great deal of drag anyway any energy I was able to get from a windmill in front of me was a completer bonus!.
At the time we abandoned the project because we could not find any easy way to match the resistance properties of a conventional dynamo with the energy potential of wind speed.
As far as this goes the toroidal blade would have improved things obviously but would not solve my fundamental problem.
With reference to large land based wind turbines we have a significant issue with the wind velocity gradient that is always presented by a large rotor in the vertical plane, this issue is also not entirely resolved with toroidal blades, for a long time I have understood the the most efficient application of wind turbines is to have them oriented in the horizontal plane, tethered like a kite, I have been speculating if it might be possible to set up a very large rotor into the sky at the appropriate altitude to sit permanently in the jet stream, this would have to be tethered to the ground of course but I wonder if it might be possible to apply the rotational force of the blade into torsional rotation of the tether with the generator on the ground, the whole point being that the wind speed up there is very considerable and does not vary much, offering very high capacity on the ground exactly where it is most needed obviating much of the need for expensive energy wasting transmission lines.
Cheers, Richard.
Toroidal propeller has "circle" instead of traditional tip. We can make this "circle" in profile like plane wing. If you change whole propeller axis by 5 degree up, then you generate different resistance at the highest point and the lowest point of of turbine.
Very, very impressive. I'm a master mariner & have never seen this before, I'm gobsmacked at it efficiency, brilliant.
The toroidal propellor idea has been around for more than a century. Such designs were tried as alternatives, not long after John Ericsson's patent of 1836. They were abandoned as they were no better than Ericssons, possibly because could not be turned fast enough with the steam engines available at the time.
The idea was used as a plot device in a 1943 movie, 'The Demi Paradise', with Laurence Olivier. Playing a Russian engineer who wanted a new propellor cast in the Uk for a Russian icebreaker.
I’ve seen almost everything you have shown here before for a couple of years now.
At least you covered a wider range of application than has been shown in other people’s videos.
I was a big fan of vertical-axis wind generators (I visited Eole in Canada), and it seems to me that one of these toroidal designs might make the vertical-axis format more practical.
Loved both videos on the torroidal props. I literally laughed about the fact that in sci-fi from the 80s and 90s we saw many weird propeller shapes or some such, and then I heard about this.
Keep up the good work.
I love reading the comments on your videos, you attract the right kind😊
You might be able to improve efficiency, even more by using golden ratio. Build a model. The current shape traps air in part of the cycle. A golden ratio would move that air more efficiently.
Thanks heaps for your good efforts here. New solutions are always intriguing even in early days. Great about Ground News and Ziroth too.
Unfortunately it can't be used for aviation because the toriodal prop doesn't have various pitch, with standard props you can use the pitch to slow or even reverse the plane on the runway
shouldn't we wait till we get proof it actually does it before we claim it will..?
The ways of RUclips.
Exactly. But that matters only to an audience capable of rational thinking - pretty much the opposite of whom these "brilliant tech we will use tomorrow" videos are targeting.
I think the submarine propeller HAVE been using the technology but it's been classified to the detriment of the commercial sector.
The question is WHAT is being used NOW thats classified and won't be available for the commercial sector
that is a good point, i bet the US Navy already use it on submarines for decades...
@@brianfhunter why bother with a prop at all ? and that's all I have to say about that.
@@lylestavast7652 - what the fuck are you talking about?
Are you trying to say something very stupid about conspiracy theory or its very irrelevant?
In both cases, you need to be very stupid about science and engineering.
Fairly sure it was your previous video that had me curious, then had me on thingiverse and then printing a toroidal propeller for my plane.
I've no way to really measure it but from my observations, performance was similar, noise was lower and a curious rolling effect when I tried the 3 bladed toriod.
Put the floats farther away from the centre mast on a floating wind turbine for more stability. WOOooow. I'm not sure the lesser audiences will be able to grasp that. You people are such a geniuses
Constant speed propellers do actually work pretty well since they can be set to fine pitch for full power and then an RPM set in the cruise which is automatically regulated by varying the blade pitch between the coarse and fine stops.
In the event of an engine failure, a constant speed prop can go to full feather - that is the blades point directly into the wind as shown in the first part of your vid. This ability drastically reduces drag dramatically improving single engine/engine out performance.
A windmilling prop it is said, creates approximately as much drag as a disc of steel the diameter of the prop. This creates an onerous physical load on the pilot and causes so much control surface deflection that this creates even more drag. If the remaining thrust of one engine (in a twin) is less than the total drag and weight of the aircraft, the plane will go down.
What's all this mean?
I can't see how a toroidal prop could ever be made to be efficient at takeoff and cruise, then be able to cope with an engine failure without windmilling. If it's efficient as a prop it's going to be efficient as a windmill. It is not just the windmilling, it's also its inability to change its apparent shape to the relative airflow all of which most constant speed props do now. The YAW induced by single engine in twin engines aircraft is worsened by engine placement also. Using these props might have an advantage of allowing tighter engine placement negating some of the negatives however.
See my point?
Simple solution to the engine failure/lack of feathering ability? -use on pusher planes, and make the propeller detachable in case of emergency
I see nothing in the inherent design of a toroidal prop that would prevent it from benefiting from the same variable pitch mechanisms currently employed in conventional props. I don’t understand why this presumption has taken hold.
@@mo07r1 I dunno, boss. That propeller just crashed through the pickup and killed Jimmy. Then we swerved into the other lane and hit the semi. The cows out of his bull-bottom went stampeding across the bridge and knocked that signpost off. I guess when it hit the tugboat, it cut the captains arm at the wrist, and he turned toward the east bank, so the grain barge took out the bridge pillar. It’s sagging pretty bad, and I’m out of duct tape.
Nope, you don’t want automatic propeller detachment unless you want to write country songs
Blooming brilliant. Always looking for new fan technologies.
It has more mass therefore more rotational inertial momentum that is radius squared. It can work in thick fluid where cavitation is an issue. But not in air
your s is the only website that accredits the original developer of this propeller, congrats. I do think the Reynolds number makes it improbable for use on private aircraft
ONERA, the french small scale NASA (or more accurately its aerodynamics branch) did some research on similar concepts in the 90's & 2000's that lead to the birth of the NHEOLIS company (now ID Sud Energies) that released a couple commercially available turbines. What they ended up with is not exactly a typical toroidal design per say but more of a twisted sccop design that exploits the same principles and has the exact same purpose of greatly reducing cavitations and shear forces in the downward wake. You can still see one in action when going to Aix-En-Provence coming from Marseille (nearby "metropole de l'Arbois"). Most silent urban scaled turbine on the market.
Such cool applications for these blades! Shame they don't improve efficiency for the wind turbines - love the way the proposed ones look! Thanks for a great video :)
They might increase efficiency, just not peak efficiency. A windturbine isn't running at peak efficiency for the entire range of windspeeds. It might also reduce losses elsewhere in the system.
On the other hand it might also just increase the price more than the overall efficiency which sadly is quite likely and will mean we won't see this being used.
Not a fan of WTs at all (for all the negative environmental impacts they have) but this design could improve one of the main issues - noise! All types of fans / turbines have a noise pattern dominated by low frequencies due to turbulences (1/f rule). While the fans discussed in the video will never, ever be seen on full-size WTs, the design would significantly lower both, 1/f as well as BPF-noise and thus make WTs much more suitable for populated areas.
Its over a decade since the spiroid wingtip first flew but not many aircraft, if any, use them as there is insufficient aerodynamic advantage over the open planar form of wing tips. In the last 13 years they gave been thoroughly tested.
Thnxs as always provocative thoughts in a digestible serving.
A 3 loop toroidal is a 6 bladed propeller with the tips joined, there is a small gain in the tip vortex, but it's not as revolutional as people try to make it
The centrifugal pump you show towards the end the directional arrows are shown with the pump discharging through the inlet.
came here for this as well--seems no one else noticed?
Interesting. For water turbines the current design is Pelton.
Not sure the toroidal design would suit: propulsion and energy caption are not exactly the same fluid mechanics.
I'd be glad to see what's good will come from this new propellers, BTW.
The spiral winglets look so cool
Really well done.
Would spiroids at the tip of the turbine blades improve efficiency or reduce sound? These would be relatively small and independent pitch control would be relatively easy, also providing stability at high wind speeds.
This is genius, this helps the aircraft I'm planning to engineer!
Impressive.
And to think, only 25-50 years behind where we could have been given rational research direction.
I work for a wind turbine OEM. Right now standard blade costs are too high and are prone to problems as they are. Also, how would these blades pitch in and out of the wind?
When you said existing wind turbine design is already very efficient and capture 75% of available wind, i think it's too high. Since the theoritical limit is around 59% ish. Perhaps the 75% efficiency is calculated with comparison to this limit instead? Which resulted in 44% of available wind energy. Cheers.
Behold the future of propellers of ALL kind
Very Interesting; it compelles to think of the configuration of blades for ID & FD Fans for biomass fired furnaces!
Please do inform about any work done in this area!
Check out the new props that the company zipline uses. They are nearly silent. Not exactly efficiency but still a cool new design. Blade looks almost like a wishbone. Cool stuff. Do a video on new quite props too.
Watch 0:45.
Will it make sense to have the middle stuffed that it is still creating bubbles (what you may call the body of the blades) ending up in a point instead of a flat plane?
Why or why not?
Thank you.
Torroidal propellers are used in wind turbines, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines.
Ducted turbines and propellers are more efficient, likely for the same reason winglets and toroidal are, they keep air from being ejected outward via centrifugal force, forcing that air to move in the intended direction, or intended energy absorption.
How do you feather a toroidal propeller? Or adjust pitch?
Under the betz law wind turbines can only be 59% effecient -- not 75%
Correct, I started to make that comment but on review I think they’re referring to 75% of the Betz maximum. So they really mean around 45%.
Arguably they are being a bit misleading.
@@fredbloggs5902 ok ty
And even uglier and more imposing on the landscape.
Have you reviewed the new blade design that is being used by ZIPLINE on their custom drones? They're modeled after bird feathers/wings and look amazing, something like a Y instead of an X or I. I'd be interested in knowing more about them if you make a video.
Flowmachines are characterised by different dimensionless numbers. The Toroidal design only works on axial flow machines, those are pumps/compressors with low pressure ratio and high relative massflow. Most water pumps used in industry and households are high pressure ratio radial designs; completely unsuitable for toroidal designs
Does it really work better in air? Because I watch a lot of testing which shown improvement only in water
That is such a happy looking turbine at 6:17.
I saw it as a ship's propulsion system, but I had no idea that the propeller would also work in the air!
Do you know of any toroidal testing done for hydro-turbine applications?
По идее, обычный лопастной пропеллер с наружным сплошным кольцом препятствующим срыву потока с кончиков лопастей будет даже эффективней таких петлевых лопастей. Имеется ввиду кольцо закрепленное на кончиках лопастей и вращающееся вместе со всем винтом. К примеру, производители пытаются снизить потери и шумность уменьшая зазор между кончиками лопастей и корпусом обычного компьютерного кулера. Логичным шагом бало бы закрепить внешнее тонкое плоское кольцо на кончиках лопастей и убрать условия для срыва потока. Вихри и шум исчезнут. Производительность увеличится.
just curious : is Sabu schist disc was an inspiration for some research ?
I have been thinking about using a complex turbine design to reduce the need to face them into the wind because of the wind shadow behind the base. You could do it with a curved blade or use the toroidal design to distribute the effect. This would dispense with the need for a system to aim the turbine into the wind by allowing the wind to blow it..
You're describing vertical wind turbines.
@@dominictriana4306 No, because you still have a shadow (and turbulence) from the other blades.. My idea, not originali assume, is to bend the blades of a regular turine/
fascinating same propeller design changed the world back in the 70's
Unfortunetely I can't imagine it working too weel for large hydro turbines. The strength of the turbine will be greatly compromised without the outer stabilising ring, which kind of does the thing you're trying to avoid in the first place (tip vorticies).
I always wondered why no one thought of just making a big air vent hood thing that funneled the air down, through turbine? sure I know its worse because its a big vent sticking up instead of the just column and giant blades, but it would lower noise, and lower wear from clearer air being pushed through.
I would be interested in your views of the Aeromine power generator.
i don't really see that as a utility scale wind solution.
maybe for distributed power consumer wind solutions, yeah..
but how do you make something like that variable pitch?, and then there is maximizing the return on the composite materials and labor investments.....
thank you for another excellent video. For airplanes, besides efficiency gains, a major benefit could be noise reduction. Noise from airplane propellers is a major challenge. Another benefit on small drones and perhaps also for boats is that the propeller doesn't have a sharp tip, making it less dangerous.
Maybe you want to look up (diver) injuries from boat propeller - even "roundest/softest" tip will chop up muscle tissue and bones like butter. But while a "normal" propeller makes a typical "cut" pattern that can often surgically repaired, *a looped tip works like a "scoop" (or "sharp spoon" as surgeons call it), taking out huge chunks of tissue* that is lost and can't be replaced. Less dangerous indeed...
@@f.d.6667 yes, I believe you. Any boat propeller whatever the shape is dangeous. But, there might be other benefits like durability.
thats a great idea i thougth about that a propella a frew years ago on one of my model airplanes but the guys at the club said it would not work
A propeller is just a coupling between an energy source and a fluid medium like air or water. It can only transmit power at a particular efficiency. To transmit over 100% you would have to add more energy, like an after burner. You show your propeller on a conventional airplane like a Cessna or Piper. You will not do any better than 100% efficiency for a prop. Dual props in series can improve performance by eliminating cavitation at low speed.
iguana
One correction on the water pump part of the video. The flow direction is opposite of the flow in the video shown.
you are the second post to notice this. I guess most people don't know or don't care?
How do toroidal winglets work at supersonic speeds? Just ordinary winglets are probably a bad idea at supersonic speeds. However, I don't know if such a thing would even apply since it is a shock wave being distributed instead of vortices.
Does anyone know of a free design efficiency simulator for air flow or water flow? Thank you.
Interesting stuff!
Quieter propellers would definitely get a lot of interest from the navy, especially for subs
I didn't see anything other than ads. Regarding the testing of sharrow screws, we can say that there are no independent tests. One advertisement. In that video, they tested incorrectly. It was necessary to choose the propeller pitch so that the outboard motor had the same maximum engine speed. They made a big difference. But then it wouldn't work to advertise. If we put the propeller one step more, then the minimum and average speed would be much higher. According to user reviews, the maximum win was 12 percent. This can be achieved with screws with a large disk ratio. A test on a quadcopter with such propellers, on the contrary, showed a worse result in terms of flight autonomy. In addition, the multi-blade propeller was quieter. With this design of propellers, scientists worked many decades ago. So there is nothing new. Regarding aircraft and large cargo ships, the designer is calculated there in the flesh up to tenths of a percent, and if there was a win, they would have used such a design for a long time. Where are the other frames from the tests of these screws. Where are the test charts? A couple of photos and a couple of videos that mean nothing.
Be cool to get one for my 1800 Yamaha jet ski . Does anyone know where I can buy one that fit!?
Thank you and god bless you
What about tidal-flow turbines?
the word is ingenious.
It sure will, there will be an aviation memo the the effect of "there is never to be such a silly proosal ever again".
Do they have a regenitive model for sail boats?
Have you discovered any designs that are beneficial to wind power?
What about the compression mode? eg Air conditioners.
Liked, subscribed, and commented.
Sound and it's as intensity are waves of pressure pushing against air. "Noise" is a byproduct of friction and indicates an efficiency loss.
Very good, though I think the blade design may take a while to get incorporated into heat pump’s as they still use refrigerants and compressors in closed loop systems.
The last scene of the pump animation is wrong, the centre should be the suction end.
A Delta wing Air ship with toroid propellers and electric motors powered by printed solar panels on top of the Delta wing airship could work really well.
How are these props going to be feathered? They're fine for constant speed applications like lift fans, but not for aircraft propulsion.
Can use compressed air
I am having trouble envisioning this concept for constant speed propellers which varies the blade angle to increase efficiency at different phases of flight.
People proposing to burn hydrogen for any working energy might research the dangers of handling and storage. It is generally made by reforming natural gas, in which South Korea, Japan, the USA and China, are investing billions to mine from the Continental shelf as methane hydrate.
I'll check about group news
I was looking for something like that from long time
So when a patent expires I can copy it and resubmit it as my own idea, how do expired patents work?
Makes me wonder what this would do for powered paragliders, or, ultralight planes
can it change pitch?
nice segue to your ad :)
What would this be like in a ducted fan application?
Brilliant. Can they shift pitch? 2:34 looks like a useless mess.