Orações relativas são frases que usam PRONOMES RELATIVOS para ligar duas idéias complementares.
Os PRONOMES RELATIVOS, assim como em português são versões afirmativas dos pronomes interrogativos.
ENTÃO vamos aprender os pronomes relativos em inglês:
WHO, WHOM = se relacionam com pessoas WHICH = se relaciona com coisas WHERE = se relaciona com lugares WHOSE = se relaciona com posses THAT = pode substituir WHICH e WHO
EXEMPLOS: WHO: The boy*1 broke his leg. + I know that boy. O pronome é WHO porque se refere à THE BOY (uma pessoa)
I know the boy who*1(that) broke his leg. (foco em 'I' (eu)) The boy who I know broke his leg. (foco em 'The boy')
WHICH: She likes that perfume. + He bought that perfume.
She likes that perfume which (that) he bought. He bought that perfume which (that) she likes.
WHOM: The couple is coming. + I work with them. The couple with whom I work is coming.
WHERE: I love this restaurant. + we had dinner there. I love the restaurant where we had dinner.
WHOSE: I met a girl. + Her family is from Europe. I met a girl whose family is from Europe.
Let´s practice: Make a sentence connecting the two ideas:
Those men built the bridge. + I know those men. ................................................................... ................................................................... He won that bicycle. + I saw that bicycle. .................................................................... ....................................................................
Omission of the relative pronoun: If the word that comes after the relative pronoun is a verb, you cannot leave out the relative pronoun. For example, in the clause 'The kid that broke his leg', you cannot omit it because 'broke' is a verb.
If the word that comes after the relative pronoun is the object of the sentence, we can omit it.
For example, in the sentence, 'He bought those flowers which (that) she likes.' The relative pronoun can be omitted: 'He bought those flowers she likes.' because 'she' is a person (not a verb).
Se a palavra que vem depois do pronome relativo for um verbo, por exemplo, 'The kid that broke his leg', não pode omitir o pronome relativo 'that' porque 'broke' é um verbo.
Se a palavra que vem depois do pronome relativo for o objeto da frase, podemos omitir. Por exemplo na frase, 'He bought those flowers which (that) she likes.' O p. relativo pode ser omitido: 'He bought those flowers she likes.' porque 'she' é uma pessoa (e não um verbo).
DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING CLAUSES DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES GIVE ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
EX. The game encourages a creative approach which is rarely found in classes on this subject.
I believe in cooperation which is vital to problem solving.
Trees help improve air quality, which is a major concern nowadays.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES give EXTRA, NON-ESSENTIAL INFORMATION.
USE COMMAS TO SEPARATE THESE CLAUSES FROM THE MAIN SENTENCE. EX. Alexsander Husoy, who is a teacher at the school, thinks this is just the start.
The woman in red, who is a model, will go to Paris next month.
Robots, which are used in industry, will perform many tasks in the future.
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Orações relativas são frases que usam PRONOMES RELATIVOS para ligar duas idéias complementares.
Os PRONOMES RELATIVOS, assim como em português são versões afirmativas dos pronomes interrogativos.
ENTÃO vamos aprender os pronomes relativos em inglês:
WHO, WHOM = se relacionam com pessoas
WHICH = se relaciona com coisas
WHERE = se relaciona com lugares
WHOSE = se relaciona com posses
THAT = pode substituir WHICH e WHO
EXEMPLOS:
WHO:
The boy*1 broke his leg. + I know that boy.
O pronome é WHO porque se refere à THE BOY (uma pessoa)
I know the boy who*1(that) broke his leg. (foco em 'I' (eu))
The boy who I know broke his leg. (foco em 'The boy')
WHICH:
She likes that perfume. + He bought that perfume.
She likes that perfume which (that) he bought.
He bought that perfume which (that) she likes.
WHOM:
The couple is coming. + I work with them.
The couple with whom I work is coming.
WHERE:
I love this restaurant. + we had dinner there.
I love the restaurant where we had dinner.
WHOSE:
I met a girl. + Her family is from Europe.
I met a girl whose family is from Europe.
Let´s practice:
Make a sentence connecting the two ideas:
Those men built the bridge. + I know those men.
...................................................................
...................................................................
He won that bicycle. + I saw that bicycle.
....................................................................
....................................................................
Omission of the relative pronoun:
If the word that comes after the relative pronoun is a verb, you cannot leave out the relative pronoun.
For example, in the clause 'The kid that broke his leg', you cannot omit it because 'broke' is a verb.
If the word that comes after the relative pronoun is the object of the sentence, we can omit it.
For example, in the sentence, 'He bought those flowers which (that) she likes.' The relative pronoun can be omitted: 'He bought those flowers she likes.' because 'she' is a person (not a verb).
Se a palavra que vem depois do pronome relativo for um verbo, por exemplo, 'The kid that broke his leg', não pode omitir o pronome relativo 'that' porque 'broke' é um verbo.
Se a palavra que vem depois do pronome relativo for o objeto da frase, podemos omitir.
Por exemplo na frase, 'He bought those flowers which (that) she likes.' O p. relativo pode ser omitido: 'He bought those flowers she likes.' porque 'she' é uma pessoa (e não um verbo).
DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES GIVE ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
EX. The game encourages a creative approach which is rarely found in classes on this subject.
I believe in cooperation which is vital to problem solving.
Trees help improve air quality, which is a major concern nowadays.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES give EXTRA, NON-ESSENTIAL INFORMATION.
USE COMMAS TO SEPARATE THESE CLAUSES FROM THE MAIN SENTENCE.
EX. Alexsander Husoy, who is a teacher at the school, thinks this is just the start.
The woman in red, who is a model, will go to Paris next month.
Robots, which are used in industry, will perform many tasks in the future.