The 5 Most Important Molecules in Your Body
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- Опубликовано: 31 июл 2024
- Your body has all sorts of complicated processes going on, and a lot of them are carried out by incredibly powerful molecules. We’re not talking nutrients -- we’re talking about 5 of the molecules that keep you ticking!
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basic...
www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/ev...
www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-scie...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/67...
www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edude...
chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem...
themedicalbiochemistrypage.org...
education-portal.com/academy/l...
employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubows...
www.health.harvard.edu/newswee...
themedicalbiochemistrypage.org...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK...
I have a Biology exam tomorrow and it turns out that everything that was mentioned on this video will be on the exam tomorrow.
I'm actually learning something useful from the internet!
MIND BLOWN ;)
then you will miss all the real deal
the citric acid cycle and those pathways which has acetyl coA
that moment when you learn stuff from the internet
beautiful...
Same here!
I could've used this yesterday. Pepsin would have been a beautiful answer to a question about enzymes in the human body, but I ended up sticking to lactase. Good luck to all of you fellow Biology students!
Look at me, a collection of molecules learning about themselves.
deep.
Yep sounds about right
basically yes
You're also a collection of cells, but did you know that some cells will kill themselves for other/the good of the collectivity?
@@sapphirII
Apoptosis
My year 10 (11th grade i think?) teacher gave us the analogy. Hemoglobin are truck drivers, your lungs are the central warehouse is dispatch centre. The truck drivers arrive, load up with oxygen then drive around the arteries and veins (the highways) and deliver the oxygen to the cells, then return. When you breathe in gases like carbon monoxide, the CO is like a gang that has a blood feud with the truck drivers, and will break out of the truck to stab the hemoglobin to death. When too many are murdered, your cells don't get the oxygen they need and begin to die, with you dying not long after. Best science teacher ever.
Holy shit that's a cool science teacher.
We went a lot more in depth than this unfortunately, haha. The O^2 and CO^2 are diffused through epithelial cells (which both make up capillaries and are excellent for diffusion). The capillaries bring and take the two gasses from the alveoli (a really small structure in the lungs lined with capillaries) to control your levels. The O^2 is only in the blood (carried by hemoglobin) when it is traveling to cells. It gets a little more complicated than this, but forgive me as I'm on mobile. The more you know!
I hate these kinds of analogies. They help you mug things up easily without having to make the effort to understand what is truly going on. You might know this, in reality, when oxygen is attaches to that iron atom, the shape of the molecule changes. When the blood cell enters an area with a lot of dissolved CO2 in the blood(CO2 doesn't get transferred by RBC's, scishow got it wrong) the dissolved CO2 combines with water to make carbonic acid. When haemoglobin goes into this area with a lower pH, its shape changes and through a mechanism(that I don't understand, frankly) the oxygen detaches from iron. In case of CO, it forms bonds so strong with Fe that it doesn't let go. This is just my opinion, but knowing how things actually work, or even accepting that you don't know how something works is much better than making up pathetic analogies for it.
aayush10001 I don't see why the use of analogies is pathetic. In fact, I'd say people who use analogies to understand more easily are wiser than people who have the same mindset as you. As long as they know what happens and how things work, then why would they waste time trying to understand something they don't know anything about when they could easily grasp the concept by relating it to something that they already know about?
aayush10001 Goabnb94 Personally analogies like this are a great introduction to a topic. Mainly in the beginning, it allows understanding of an overarching principle to form and more importantly allows those seeds of interest to take hold, yes later its not as great mainly as the topics get harder and more complex and not as easily refined but personally it is a great teaching aide
4:54
THE MITOCHONDRIA ARE THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL.
THE MITOCHONDRIA ARE THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL.
*THE MITOCHONDRIA ARE THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL.*
_THE MITOCHONDRIA ARE THE POWER HOUSE OF THE CELL._
Kinda proud that i guessed hemoglobin is on the list
the chloroplast is the sugar thing of the cell
The theory is that mitochondria were once independent organisms that were captured a million years ago - oops sorry, the earth is 6,000 years old.
by "one macromolecule of hemoglobin" I really REALLY hope you meant 280 million hemoglobin tetramers. hemoglobin coats the surface of RBC's, which are about the size of a mitochondrion. and though this is really small for a eukaryotic cell it's still vastly larger than even a quaternary order protein structure. so the ejection of the nucleas and the small size of RBC's is more about surface area to volume ratio than "fitting a single hemoglobin macromolecule"
I'm sure many people have already been very angry about this so sorry :p thank you for all the great work you do :D
I thought every molecule in our body is important.... Because, you know.. We need them to live.....? xD
no
They are all important certainly, but he is just naming what he believes is the most important. For example are not your eyes more valuable than your hair?
Yes every molecule is important but some do bigger jobs then others
God gave you molecules. He can take some back but still allow u to live.. so say thank u to jesus
RuggedALAN should I thank pedro and jose too?
Anyone else zone out half way through but continue watching but just listening to a lot of words? Like when you read text quickly but don't actually take any of it in so you have to read it again... Just me, okay.
You need to work on your comprehension skills, or maybe you're just not interested in this kind of information.
Same partly cos I already know a lot of this stuff and I'm not really interested in it. I just watch these scishow videos out of habit and cos they're fairly short.
Yes, me too. I think it's because he's talking pretty fast and using a lot of words that I don't know, and when uses a whole bunch of them in a sentence, I stop following the meaning. If I really cared or wanted to know this information, I'd go back and watch it again and pause when I needed a minute to process what he's saying.
YES
nop
The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
+CharacterCreationist I knew someone would reference him in this video XD
+CharacterCreationist God dammit I just watched this video and was about to comment that but was smart enough to read if it had already been said. I'll get you next time
The mitochondria is the trap house of the cell.
The midichlorian is the slaughterhouse of a great story.
Isn't the singular mitochondrion?
Blaming heart disease on cholesterol is like blaming a fire fighter for the damage of a house fire.
more like blaming the existence of gasoline for a house fire. the fire-fighter actively fights fire, while the cholesterol just happens to indirectly increase rates of heart disease. Having gasoline fed into your house increases the odds of having a fire, but it doesn't actively fight it either, and is used for other, less related jobs, like cooking, or heating water.
To the narrator of the video :-)
You're a great host and I love your tone. I love Hank too, but he's much less accessible to people who are not already fans and may alienate by his speedy and dizzying delivery (Which i personally Looove) but you, you're a great messenger of good science for the general, unacquainted or uncharmed public. KEEP AT IT!
This was one of the most interesting SciShows ever, and even though the subject matter was complex, the explanations were easy to understand - mainly because Michael's narrative flowed easily and logically. Thanks to all who work on these videos! You do a great job!
I can't say enough about how cool Micheal Aranda's hair is! The blonde part is so precise and perfectly lines up at the halfway point of the hairline. It's the most casually mathematical hairstyle I've ever seen and it's very impressive.
Why do people dislike this? I don't get it.
Nilguiri
Who cares? It's still science.
Science is a lie. You must accept Jesus as your one true saviour, sinner.
Nilguiri
I still don't think that should justify the disliking of an informative video. But, I don't decide what's justifiable and what isn't.
CrispTopherOTT
Can you *not* bring in fairytales? We're trying to have a discussion without delusion. Thanks!
Nilguiri
Ah.
MusicMixxer You must accept Allah as your one and only God, infidel.
I have to say, haemoglobin has got to be my favourite biological word. It's just such a fun word to say.
your picture brought me happiness for some reason
What about 'glyconeogenesis'?
How about Sonic Hedgehog? :)
ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/SHH
What about "hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase"? (Which is actually shorter than the more correct (but not used) version would be; "hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphatetransferase")
Runner up: Catastrophin
James Haskell How about it's closely related cousin, Carbaminohaemoglobin?
I find it nigh on impossible to express how truly awesome that was. Seriously; great job, and thank you!
Michael...I officially like you as much as Hank now. Wonderfully delivering a boat load of information on a topic I know next to nothing about yet enjoy listening to because of your delivery. Noteworthy job!
"to make room for just one molecule of hemoglobin"
um, no???
A typical human blood cell has around 270 million hemoglobin macro molecules! That picture was just for show...
Yeah, I think he meant "one macromolecule, hemoglobin."
I would like to know more about acne like why it happens and how?
I really want to know
Hormones or dirty/oily face
I wonder if increasing cholesterol intake could help in some cases of acne?
WALDO It took me 11 years.
But I finally found Waldo!
Acne is actually small infections in your sweat glands. Nutrients like Zinc, Vitamin A, Iodine and selenium are very helpful for Acne. A synthetic form of vitamin A is the most effect drug for acne (retinoids) best to eat the real thing (animal sources).
how and why not how to treat it
Amazing episode SciShow.
Loved it!
This is by far my favorite Sci show!! ...maybe it's because it's in my discipline.
Isn't this like saying "the 5 most important links in a chain"?
+Joaking I had the impression our presenter is perhaps playing favorites?
no!
Holy crap you're right
"So cholesterol can be pretty cool !
Just like you !"
Oooooh, stop it you :3
Ughhh I love the way Micheal explains things, it makes it really easy on the ears and easy on my brain to comprehend:)))))
This is my favourite episode to date. Thanks a lot team!
I'm surprised that phospholipids weren't one.
+Vatredox Haha yeah, they're way more important than pepsin and cholesterol.
+Guillermo Flores Indeed, They are the reason your cells even exist in the first place.
+ channel proteins to let cells communicate with the outside world
acetylcholine as well
am I the only one who thinks both this guy and the other nerdy host both talk very alike in tone and style?
no, and his name is Hank Green.
also... "God Almighty"... pompous much? lol jk
They are only similar in that they both enunciate clearly, which all good speakers/presenters do. And this guy's name is Michael Aranda.
He's probably trying to copy him because it's a proven formula. The woman and the balding guy on the space scishow seem to be trying to copy him as well but don't quite have it down.
Lesser minds call greater minds nerd because they are jealous of the intelligence they will never have.
You're flowing. You just made a speech in biology as if it's not a complicated science. Thank you so much
one of the best scishow vids i've seen. thanks!
It was my understanding that hemoglobin is only for carrying oxygen. Carbon dioxide dissolves in your blood plasma as carbonic acid and is gassified in your lung tissue like fizz escaping from soda (same process actually). Red blood cells carry an enzyme to facilitate the dissolution of CO2 in your blood, but that is not hemoglobin's job. You might have been confused because CO (carbon monoxide) does bind to hemoglobin. In fact, that's what makes it dangerous because it bonds more strongly than oxygen, rendering the hemoglobin inert. Get too much of your hemoglobin deactivated by CO and your blood can no longer provide oxygen to your tissues effectively, which can, obviously, lead to death.
While it is true that a lot of carbon dioxide is disolved in the plasma hemeoglobin does carry CO2 back to your lungs as well. Look up carbaminohemoglobin if you want to learn more about it
Around 5% of CO2 is transported unchange dissolved in the blood plasma, 10% is bound with amino groups on haemoglobin (not on the Fe like oxygen) and on amino groups on other proteins, and 85% is transported as bicarbonate ions in the blood.
So yeah, haemoglobin does bind to CO2, but it binds to a different site than the oxygen.
Henrik Alvik But he is wrong about CO2 binding to the heme portion of hemoglobin, it binds to the protein portion of it.
Logician Writer mind=blown
Hemoglobin does carry CO2 as carboaminohemoglobin, But most of it is carried by the plasma and as bicarbonates in blood, When CO binds to Hemoglobin it forms what's known as CarboxyHemoglobin and that is the one which causes trouble
Such an odd way to say, "Processes".
You say 'potatoes', & I say 'potatoes'!
&B^{D?
The word processus is latin and approximately means "outgrowth". This is a term used in medicine and the english-latin version of the word is "process", and the plural of that word would indeed be "processes".
So this "process" isn't the same as the normal "process" and does not follow the same rules in plural form.
*Flies away*
How is that a weird pronunciation? His way of saying it is the only way I've ever heard it be pronounced. Saying it like "process-is" sounds weird to me.
Especially in a British accent
I didn't think it was wrong due to the Greek vs Latin pronunciation thing, isn't it wrong because the 'Sees' pronunciation is reserved for when a plural is made from something that ends in the suffix -isis/-esis?
Eg. Genesis -> geneses (pronounced gen-eh-sees) because its silly to say 'genesises', and if you pronounced it as 'gen-eh-sis' then the singular and plural form would sound the same.
Yay! More SciShow!
I just watched a basic review of my biochemistry course. I love science! Great vid!
Your camera hates that sweatshirt lol
I think you mean lighting and keying hates that sweatshirt.
SniX
C
And that is why Pepsi is better than cokecola. Now i get it
LOLNO
This episode was VERYYY informative!! ..thank you for the upload!
A whole year of Biology, and I learned much more from this single video.
Processeez
I had to just listen because he's too attractive to watch.
I remember watching some of this dudes videos, and he was as animated as a piece of cardboard, so subsequently I decided that whenever I clicked a SciShow episode and he was on it, I'd just exit it.... well, I watched one a few minutes ago, and something has changed, have I watched the evolution of a RUclips host?
Won't be exiting this guys videos any more, keep it up dude, you've improved as a host.
Just his eyes sparkling convey his love for science.
The hemoglobin part is so wrong.
***** an erythrocyte doesn't contain a single hemoglobin molecule. that would mean every cell could carry four O2 max. that's a big mess up of scale. hemoglobin is by an order of nanometers, and the cell is aprox 5-7 microns large. I agree that the explination is very simplified, but this detail can ruin someone's understanding of red blood cells. Also, the RBC is the one which has to do most of the adapting to the diameter of the capillary, The other complaint i have is that CO2 actually binds to the globin, not the heme and hemoglobin isn't th main co2 transporter(it binds only about 10%). But these can be due to oversimplification.
CAP-ILL-ARIES???
Must be an American way of saying it. It's pronounced Ca-pill-aries here.
You're saying that the difference is in the emphasized syllable, correct? like, CAPillaries and caPILLaries?
Yeah pretty much haha.
I was just thinking the other day I wanted more chemistry videos (undergrad in biochem and totally missing it). Looks like you guys read my mind! Great video.
This one was really fascinating! Thank you and keep up the amazing work. :)
There are many factual mistakes in this video!
+Nicolas Thill Seriously. 1 Hb per red blood cell? Well I guess he's dead. Also phosphorous does not equal phosphate.
+Guillermo Flores Exactly and furthermore it isn't pepsine that burns the oesophagus, but the hydrochloric acid.
+Nicolas Thill Agreed. The definition of molecule that they give is terrible.
I'm not looking for attention but I've been off school for over 5 months and thanks to sci show I've been able to keep up on school work....well science.....some facts may be irrelevant but I've learnt soo much while off school and sci show keeps me entertained 😁😃😄 Thank you sci show! 😄😄😄
Can I ask you why?
imbehindu45885588 well maybe I had personal issues where I couldn't attend school. I'm at school now
Extremely well explained! Thanks - I haven't done biology (or biochemistry) in yeeeeeeears, and it's nice to get reminded of these things from time to time :)
I've been waiting for a video like this in a long time...!
For me, it would be even more awesome if I could actually see some simple sketches so I can better visualize these molecules and it's behaviors.
awesome! this might just be the coolest video you guys made in a while.. :D
Happy I knew what (in general) these molecules were and (mostly) which ones :)
That was really awesome! Thanks for these pieces of information =D
loved it. you killed it, man.
Best episode nominee. Awesomely done.
Very informative and well put. Thank you.
Just explained this easier and quicker than my anatomy/physiology class.
You just explained half of the high school biology class i had last year. The class was for the entire school year too, so that says something.
Excellent summary.
Thanks.
Awesome, I was just thinking how I needed some info on molecules.
I want more molecules!
This is why I love biology, learning all of this in my A Levels
a video definitely worth a second playthrough :D
That's so cool, I never knew that about hemoglobin before, or how it worked.
calling us all cool, oh you. thanks Michael Aranda
Best episode yet, guys.
Hank Green is the best thing that ever happened to RUclips... what an amazing guy!
I just realised Michaels left ear wiggles when he talks. And now I cant stop watching it.
This seems to show why I can tell my iron levels are low when I feel lightheaded. I have dealt with anemia for about a year now and at the beginning my iron levels were so low that I almost had to have a blood transfusion.
That was a good one , thanks.
maybe this vid is the most important vid in youtube.
Excellent report!
Well what do you know, I have my bio final exam on this stuff tomorrow. Thanks sci show team!
i have a bio exam in an hour and im SO LUCKY this came out today
That was great, I really enjoyed that thank you.
I feel like i just had a high school biology exam review of a semester in about 7 minutes....i actually vaugely remember these
THANK U
Yes! At 4:25 he said "Oxygen Molecule" thank you for remembering the diatomic elements.
Perfect, this is the exact same subject that will be on my biology test :3
The iron ion portion of the heme group does NOT pick up CO2, it's elsewhere on the protein portion of hemoglobin that it binds to.
I've been sitting in bed with food poisoning for 3 days (so far) with violent vomiting and crapping every 3 seconds with crippling stomache cramps and the list goes on... It's a bad one but luckily not the worst! Would love to see a video about food poisoning. What it is, why it happens and possible 'cures' if any :) Just for future reference (also interesting). Great vid, thumbs up :)
This was excellent.
This is so great!! 👏👏👏👏
The best video of this channel this far...Well documented, clever, very good presentation. I really enjoyed it. Keep up the good job! I wonder how this video would have looked if you had no earrings, a white lab coat and glasses. :-)
Also, are you related to the girl at Sci show space? You look like her brother, there's something about the eyes...
Anyway GREAT video!
you guys rock!
This is the sort of video you have to watch several times to get all the info out of it.
3:30 THAT. IS. AMAAAAAAZIIIIIING.
I'm watching this right before my biology exam. SCORE!!!!
I meant to watch this sober but then I went and got drunk
Now I'm going to be and I saw this was the next in the playlist so I was like cool sure. I definitely don't understand this as much as I would sober but I still understand a fair bit. Good on you. I'm an arts student that's drunk but you do a good job of explaining so that I actually understand without dumbing it down too much. I really like your videos. They're fun and interesting. Keep up the good work scishow
@SciShow can you guys start adding closed captions to your videos? It would be great and deeply appreciated, cause I'm not the only who enjoys your video but some of my deaf pals as well. Thanks!
Excellent video!
Superb. Very good presentation. Valuable info.
i havent been in a bio class in some time, its startling to realize how much we misuse almost all of these terms and functions daily.
I've actually heard of all of those molecules (except for lipoproteins), and knew what they each did except for cholesterol (and, as would be obvious given the previous half of the sentence, lipoproteins).
Great, as all properly simplified things should be.
The Ribosomes are *also* a kind of RNA, which kind of blows my mind every time I think about it. They're RNA that works like a protein.
I love this show
Much better than the last one.
Thank you for mentioning the essential amino acids, can u do a dedicated video on how little (or how much) is needed to keep a person living.
I just realized how creepy that may sound. I meant that from a point of view as somebody who has survived a pseudo suicidal period;(not as somebody with a "victim").
very informatic and easy to joy
I learned all of this in detail in my 1st year of high school in Brasil... I fell special, and yet not so special when I remember I was born in Brasil
Why is that ? OK, being born in an emerging country makes life probably harder, than being born in North America or here in Europe, but in the end, it doesn't matter, where you were born, but it just matters who you are and what you make of it. Just think of Ramanujan, Chandrasekhar or Abdus Salam. All of them became world famous for being the great minds they where, while being born in situations, that were a lot worse, than those currently being in Brazil (at least outside of favelas). In science and mathematics people's ideas and logic matter, but not where or whom they come from.
Frank Schneider I understand your point and I agree but I guess is just that in Brazil, your chance of getting a chance is really low. In politics you can only represent a polical group if you represent them, by corrupting yourself. Arquitecture here are nulified, since they made a law that enginear can do the same, but also bigger building. I want aerospace enginear, so I must go to a mitary instituition called ITA, who accepts 800 people per year, and It´s the hardest test in brazil, so I can go make a living at aerospace engeniering.
German Eagle
You sound like an intelligent guy, seem to have listened in school and your English is quite good. Ever thought about studying outside of Brazil ? If you are good, you could apply for a scholarship and if you don't get one, the tution fees for universities in Sweden, Denmark, Austria and Germany are next to nothing and you will receive governmental subsidiary, IF the university accepts your application. Not sure about the situation in Portugal. I perfectly understand your issue, but life is tough and one needs to overcome those obstacles. Everyone has one or another issue like this at least once in their lives. And that's where people walk different paths. Some simply give up and and lose forever, while others continue to fight and struggle against all odds to ultimately succeed. The second is the way to go. So if the situation is that bad in Brazil, it might be wise to look somewhere else. If you prefer to not do so, that's fine and your free decision. It's your life and it's all up to you to, to make the best of it. The only thing you shouldn't do is despair and give up, because that's the moment when you lose.
Frank Schneider You are right, I have something planned, but if it(I)fail, it will result in my whole future being comprimized. But I have my plan B and C. I apreciate your message, maybe I will apply one of those places. Thanks for the help :D.
Wise choice to have some fallback plans in the drawer. And even if all of them fail, there will be others. Good luck.
That was great!!
And as always, thanks for watching. This episode of scishow.