Eric D Venus is soooo much harder to colonize, how would you maintain blimps permanently?, how would you get fuel?, where would you get water?, how would you avoid its massive tronados and storms?, how would you get sunligth?, how would you dock spaceships and pass suplies?, how would you even land a creed blimp?, don't let Scifi trick you, Venus is one of the worst places to be at
Getting to the outside for maintenance is tricky, that's the one valid point you have, but for the inside, you don't need a pressure suit so you can just patch it from the inside and if you have several (which you would) that makes maintaining the outside a lot easier, you just rig some temporary structure between two so you can make that area breathable while working on it then remove it once the maintenance is done. What do you need fuel for? the plan NASA has means there is 40% more solar power available than on earth's surface (so your other point about sunlight is completely wrong) and dirigibles only need a very small amount of electricity to move around with electric propellers (so you can easily avoid storms). I don't even remember a single sci fi thing that I've seen go to venus, I'm sure there is plenty but nothing I've been exposed to, it's mars that most sci fi goes to and tricks people into thinking is easy. All you have to do is google, "venus dirigible plan" and it takes you to NASA's High Altitude Venus Operational Concept (HAVOC) which counters all of your concerns and of course mentions some you hadn't thought of but it still seems much easier to overcome the challenges there than on the surface of Mars to me.
Even though you showed us how you walk into the rainforest and choose your location, the lighting and focus today make it look especially like you're in a studio with a green screen. 😂😂😂
you could always use explosives... it may not help with the lighting but you will have some awesome footage! especially if you put some gasoline mixed with detergent.... it makes a beautiful fireball! LMFAO
We notice that you're experimenting. I can see your use of lighting improving recently, like using the hair light and eliminating mottling from natural light coming through leaves, etc. If you really want to feel good about where you are no go re-watch "How Long Does it Take to Reach Earth" and remember how far you've come.
Aliens claiming a planet in our solar system? This is a 4x players question. Answer: play nice till we finish researching the next branch on the missile tech tree.
Dear Fraser, just wanted to let you know that I really love your show! I strongly disagree with one of the questions, your way of individually thanking your patreons is exactly the opposite of subtle product placement, I think it's a very good way. You deserve every support you can get! Keep up the awesome stuff, it doesn't matter if with a concentrated or laughing face, you convince with your contents alone!!! ;)
no1youknowz I'll probably be one of the last humans in America with a job because of my career choices. I want a Universal Basic Income to exist for your benefit when your job is given to a robot or an AI.
no1youknowz I get where you're coming from, but please don't presume to condescend and ask me to educate myself. We both enjoy channels like this because we enjoy the pursuit of knowledge and seek to improve our own understanding constantly. All currency is a portable stand-in for goods and services to be rendered at a later date. The only thing a Universal Basic Income does is assert that all people living in a land should have access to a minimum standard of access to goods and services. These goods and services do not belong to governments, but governments do regulate currency, and therefore are responsible to their citizens to distribute these tokens representative of value equitably. The reason I'm for a Universal Basic Income is because without government, people have access to the land around them and it's produces if they choose to take their opportunity and do something with it. When there are three times as many people seeking work as there are job openings (as is the case in my home country, the United States of America) and when there is a government, that government should ensure that its citizens don't starve to death for reasons beyond their own control. When there are fewer job openings than people seeking work, the folks who can't get a job aren't at fault, and we shouldn't treat them that way. In case my statement about UBI being for you seemed offensive, I apologize. It was a statement made from the perspective of statistical truth, but sounds condescending having read it a second time. If you review my citations, you will see that a trend is developing, fueled by technological advancement, where it will soon become impossible to find work no matter how skilled an individual is because a machine will always do the job more effectively. The notable exception in the charts currently is Healthcare and social services, but IBM's Watson is being heavily pushed in this sector, and is already outperforming career doctors in accuracy of diagnoses and quality of research. mobile.nytimes.com/2009/09/27/business/economy/27jobs.html stateofworkingamerica.org/charts/unemployed-and-job-openings-by-industry/ www.zerohedge.com/news/2017-03-07/if-you-think-your-job-one-cannot-be-automated-youre-rude-awakening
I don't think we'd have the balls to start a war with alien galaxy travelers capable of colonizing planets in distant star systems. At least I hope not.
Mitch Crane we'll just build a wall between us and mars. sad thing is, it would be about as effective and isn't any less ridiculous. and he's in charge of nukes. *shivers*
Larry Beckham I like how it was put in War of the Worlds, it wouldn't be anymore of a war than an ant going to war with a boot. I doubt we would go to war with the aliens. far too many people would be using their presence to hold others down for their own gain. crabs in a bucket on a global scale.
Thanks for answering my question! It's kind of interesting you'd only get a slight increase in the bullet's velocity, but it makes sense because nothing would really affect the muzzle velocity, but the lower gravity wouldn't slow the bullet as much which would allow it to travel farther and straighter.
I like that you list your Patreon supporters. Currently I'm not a Patreon supporter of yours or anyone else, but I do get a lot of enjoyment from you videos and am seriously considering joining Patreon just to support you. Thank you so much for hours of learning, laughs and entertainment.
SEEDING LIFE: Agreed! For the reasons you provide I think its basically our duty to spread life everywhere in the universe that we can stuff it. And, let's be real, wherever we go other life will hitch a ride, no matter how clean we think things are. Like rats on the ships of early explorers.
Growing up in Tampa on the west coast of Florida, we could see the shuttle going up during night launches. It didn't even have to be a super clear night to see it. For anyone who hasn't taken the trip to KSC, it's worth it. You have no idea how bright, powerful, and awesome these rockets are until you've seen them in person. Also, to add to Fraser's suggestion, there are also camping options in the area if you want to see a launch on the cheap. For my money, the best site not directly on the cape is one of the waterfront parks just across the intercoastal. There are several spots where you have a direct line of sight to the pads. Bring a chair, a cooler, and binoculars, and be prepared to sit in traffic for a few hours after its over. But totally worth it.
1st vid I have watched on your channel, really good so you got a new sub. I was watching a video about interstellar travel and you popped up so meh I'm here :]
Titusville is also a great place for watching launches. You can see the VAB from across the river here, and there are plenty of hotels around. Traffic can get pretty busy, though. But I think is better. You are a lot closer than at Cocoa Beach, so the view is a ton better. Cocoa Beach is 720p., Titusville is 1080p. Cape Canaveral is 4k.
I've spend some time at Titusville too, it really depends on where the rocket launches from. There are some causeways in between from Titusville. But I agree, it's fine too.
stumbled upon you thru vsauce .. and instantly subscribed. I love the questions and the fact you actually reply. keep it up don't know why you don't have more subs already!
QUESTIONS: 1. How would clouds behave in an O'neil Cilinder? Would we have a stable weather or perhaps there would still be job openings for forecast presenters? 2. Hypotetically could we have an array of planets on the same orbit in the Lagrange points? Would large planets on another orbit like Jupiter disturb the balance in the array? If we can't go that far perhaps 2 planets on the same orbit but opposite sides of the sun is a possibility? Thank you in advance and keep up the great work!
For the first question, here is what I think : If aliens were able to come to earth, it would mean that they have powerful ships capable of travelling near the speed of light, or at least really advanced technonology that allows theim to travel huge distances. So, I think that the humans will make a deal like "ok we give you Mars but in return you teach us about everything you know, your enginerring etc etc". Afterall, Mars, in human's mind, is the "next earth", the planet that we are "supposed" to collonize. But if we are able to find something better than Mars by travelling to other stars, I really don't see any problem
That Mars question is outstanding. My take on it is that we may freak out, but it's not like we could do anything about it. What are we going to do? Declare war on the interstellar alien civilization?
Great video. Your videos are always interesting, but I will grant some more than others. You have posted some that I would have been happy if they lasted an hour or so.
Fraser Cain In some cases yes because the topic is so interesting. I realized this may not be practical because of the extra stress and strain it would put on you. I have long had an interest in physics.
love your video's! learned a lot from this channel! I like that you say the petreons names in the middel of the video and I never thought you look depressed :) hahaha
Actually, I think I JUST realized what it probably is. It's the microphones. Specifically the windsock, making it so none of the ambient sounds of being outside (wind, leaves rustling, crickets chirping, etc) get through. It's tricking our brains into thinking the background is fake.
We pick and choose our times when we shoot. We actually want cloudy skies, but not rain. And we never go out when there's much wind. But a couple of episodes there was a happy chirping bird that you couldn't miss.
ALIENS ON MARS: We would freak out. I'm pretty convinced humans will freak out if we find intelligent life. We will freak out even harder if that life comes too near to us. And we would probably extra spaz if they decided to settled on Mars because we have already (at least in our heads) marked that territory as ours.
One for your Q&A show... In a nutshell:"How do we navigate in space?" I am frequently astonished that we (The space agencies) can navigate through space with enough precision to put a lander on Mars, perform a flyby of Pluto or send a probe through the rings of Saturn. How is this miracle accomplished?
6:42 Nitpick / pet peeve: E = m c^2 is from a paper by Henri Poincare in 1900, 5 years earlier than Einstein. Both Poincare 1900 and Einstein 1905 have it as m = L/c^2, "L" being the old symbol for energy.
Well, he's not entirely forgotten. The Poincare conjecture, famously proved by Grigori Perlman a few years back, was his. The Poincare group was his work too - it's the basis of how modern physicists define a particle, since with quantum uncertainty being a thing, defining a particle as "pointlike" doesn't work any more. He was a brilliant world-class mathematician, so there are references to him in all sorts of places.
Regarding _dark dysons_: I'm sure the next logical question would be "what if they could hide the IR signature?" The answer would still be no because dark matter makes up too much of the total mass measured by gravitation. Even if half the stars were covered by dark & undetectable dysons, it's still not enough to account for dark matter.
The Mars/aliens thing raises another fantastic question: In all our talk about future interstellar human explorers going to and colonizing Alpha Cen and beyond, re-fueling our spaceships on astronomical bodies, etc., has anyone ever stopped to think about what our psychology and tendencies would lead _us_ to do if another form of life, slightly behind us in technology but still intelligent, was there to say _"No; you can't colonize that planet. And no, you can't refuel your spaceship with hydrogen from Proxima Cen. That's not right. Centauri is _*_our_*_ home; _*_our_*_ solar system; these are _*_our_*_ resources"_ ?? Unfortunately, I think I know what we'd do.
I think a lot of people would completely freak out and it would definitely spur tons of paranoia. Personally, I would relish the opportunity to exchange cultural ideas, art, literature, music etc. and perhaps technology. Anyways if aliens showed up that were advanced enough to travel interstellar distances and colonize planets, we wouldn't stand a chance against them anyways, so there's no point in worrying. If they want Mars and haven't invaded Earth then it's pretty obvious they mean it.
QUESTION? Mr. Cain, first off, I enjoy your videos and hope you keep making more. If interstellar travel is highly unlikely given the vast distance between stars, not to mention harmful radiation, why do we put so much effort into finding habitable planets? It's not like making a trip to them is possible. Why not devote our energy and resources to fixing Earth and finding ways to keep it safe. Thank you.
Your videos are awesome keep it up! So here's a question, in Carl Sagan's book, Pale Blue Dot, he mentions that at a distance of around 550 AU, gravitational lensing from the sun should theoretically allow us to see the universe with unmatched clarity. If we had the tech to do this, what would be the first thing (or place) you'd look at and why?
about the final question: I don't think we have the exact same amount of mass as at the big bang event, because mass gets converted into energy (a small portion though). Mass has been described as a manifestation of energy, so I would say the total amount of energy is still the same as at the beginning.
Re:Alien take Mars. Yes, people will flip out but I going to assume this alien are extra-stellar and they can squash humanity like a bug. This is Columbus greeting the Taíno time and hope the aliens as kinder that the Europeans were the First Nations of Americas. I hope they would offer the pay for Mars in tech, like interstellar travel capability, replicators (like on Star Trek), or immorality.
Ivan Romanov no, we need immoral behavior from an alien perspective to reinvigorate the markets of hedonism. and we'll make the pious pay for it. MAKE IMMORALITY GREAT AGAIN
Some pretty cool questions... and some great starting points for sci fi stories! With regards to seeding life on Enceladus (or anyone else for that matter), it's interesting that you assume life for life's sake is worth it 'ethically', without considering how awful that life might be for the organisms themselves. Initially we might just be talking about bacteria... no central nervous system, no "suffering", no problem. But anything more complex either introduced by us, or reasonably anticipated to evolve after our interference... that would ethically be our responsibility, right? I'm not saying we shouldn't do it, but my opinion is that the capacity for non-human creatures to suffer should always be factored in to any 'ethical' decisions. We factor in human suffering instinctively, but seem to be a bit blase about other species suffering, as though somehow it's not actually 'suffering'. Imagine our seeded extra terrestrials on Enceladus developing the capacity to suffer, and living horribly painful lives due to, I dunno, radiation or whatever. Quite a rabbit hole (warren!) too deep for mere internet comments, haha. Anyway, it is a fascinating question that generates quite a few thought experiments. Love it.
Hey Fraser! I have a question, physicists often talk about how the universe is expanding due to space itself getting bigger and objects drifting apart, but I wonder is it really the space itself that is expanding or is it just matter drifting apart in an infinitely spacious universe. From my understanding all the evidence that we have is that distant galaxies are redshifted more than the closer ones, and the cosmic microwave brackground radiation. Knowing just these facts I don't see how we can claim for sure that space is expanding as opposed to matter drifting apart, or are we just trying to avoid the trap of matter in distant galaxies potentially moving >= speed of light?
You should take a green screen out into the woods with you one time. Have a woods background on the green screen. Then have it flicker slightly or something so people freak out about it being a green screen. Then at the end of the video pan out and show that it is a green screen but you are still in the woods. lol
The Dyson Spheres = Dark Matter idea seems unlikely to me too, but what if the builders managed to vent all excess infrared in the form of beams aimed at the horizon of the universe? Then they could be effectively invisible with no thermodynamic problems.
I agree this idea shouldn't be discarded based on 'it would leak infra-red'.. Seems possible to me that an advanced civilization could somehow utilize the infra-red energy with everything else.. I think the idea that dark matter = alien light blocking in some fashion is very interesting..
Before the science trolls start- Fraser was obviously saying the *moons* of the outer planets would become water worlds, not the outer planets themselves
Thank you for the video! I'm completely agree with you about the ethical issues about the life export to Encelado or Europa after havin assured there is no life or after we have learnt everything about the eventually life found or better if there is the possibility to coexist. I apologize for my English. Grazie ciao
I've often thought about that. What if they claimed Antartica (nobody is living there)? Ultimately it probably comes down to the fact that we can't do anything about it.
The question about aliens inhabiting mars was very interesting. It would have huge impact on space exploration and all but what interests me the most is anticipating the different responses and reactions from different people. Some will of course say they are a threat to us and we must negotiate or force them to leave.. some will say they are far away from us and mean us no harm and they just want to find a new home.. etc etc.. For me its very interesting to observe the patterns in human behaviour. First there were the tribes and races in which people divided themselves.. then religions and nationalities, which people often use to look down upon each other.. If life exisits in other places in the universe, this pattern is bound to repeat itself.
What would it take to build a space elevator? And could we use the weightlessness of space to assist in moving things from the surface to the top of the space elevator?
Another dark matter question, we know a lot of matter has been accelerated to speeds approaching the speed of light thereby increasing its mass. Areas around galaxies and galaxy cluster would have more of this form of matter because that's where most of the accelerators are. Do we have any idea of how much mass this actually is?
I'm not sure there is much mass that's been accelerated that much. The occasional cosmic ray particle, but that's about it. Galaxies might be moving thousands of kilometers per second, but that's still a fraction of the speed of light.
QUESTION: could you please explain and compare the following notions: particle horizon, hubble sphere and event horizon (for the universe) in particular why they are all distinct?
I guess we would be freaked out but we couldn't go to war with them because they would be much more advanced civilization than we are, since they could've colonized mars.
Here's a question for you Fraser. A bit hypothetical but bear with me! Let's say aliens land a couple landers on Earth with tech level similar to ours, say a few Venera style Landers and a Curiosity or 2, 500 to 1000 ago, back when we hadn't made signs of our civilisations that obvious. Assuming they don't happen to land on someone's house, would they be able to even tell that humans even existed? How much would an orbiter tell them? Would they try to come up with a natural explanation how those "wheat field" things appear on Earth's surface?
It depends on where they landed. Most of Earth is still wilderness, or ocean, so chances are they wouldn't notice. But if they had some kind of orbiter with a high resolution, they'd see our structures. Especially at night.
Here's a question. Why couldn't a type 2 civilization also absorb and use all of the infrared radiation as well as the visible light? We theorized that they can surround a star completely, but isn't it possible that by that time they also invented much more efficient collectors?
"Would we start a war with a civilization capable of interstellar travel?" That entirely depends on how suicidal we're feeling that week. Because they'd crush us with no effort whatsoever.
i say we just do it, we take over the entire universe! why limit ourselves if we are the only intelligent life form, the entire universe should be ours.
I've got a question, instead of describing inflation as an "expansion" in a spatial reference, would it be more useful to describe the event as more akin to a eutectic phase change than an expanding balloon analogy? The evolution of the universe is really more of a series of changing states than a small thing becoming a big thing. How about putting it in terms of an infinite space undergoing changes in its laws that result in the observed expansion effects?
Fraser Cain I do agree that is technically what is happening, but I think the nomenclature is insufficient and find many still consider expansion and explosion synonymous.
RE: Mass of the universe. Isn't the mass of the universe getting lighter? With all the hydrogen being turned into helium, there must be some overall effect? Unless all that energy is being turned back into mass someplace.
Great point about the mass. It would seem to me, though, that, over time, mass diminishes as it is turned into energy in the cores of stars. What do you think?
The escape velocity of the Moon is 2.38 km/s. Fastest bullet is about 1.37 km/s. So yup, it would come back down. And without the atmosphere, it would come back at the same speed it left at.
I think the question about dark matter possibly being dyson spheres should be considered more. You said those would produce infrared radiation. While I'm in no way educated about the subject (beyond the minimum), the follow up question seems to be: Can you somehow "hide" infrared radiation? Especially in this context.
Hiding infrared radiation means that you're holding in heat. So whatever's inside the Dyson sphere will get hotter and hotter until you let it out. If aliens can handle their system being hotter than the Sun, then they can do it.
Thank you for the answer. Now I really feel like I'm talking because of lack of proper education (working on it), but first thing that comes to mind would be managing that heat in a very efficient manner (perhaps on the level unimaginable to us right now), but again I'm only talking about my uneducated guess here:)
Re the last question: Isn't it the mass-energy of the early universe that is the same as that of the present universe, rather than the mere mass? Some mass is constantly being turned into energy through various reactions, and vice-versa, so isn't it unlikely that the mass of the universe is now exactly the same as it was shortly after the big bang?
Great point, I should have been more precise. Energy and mass are interchangeable via e=mc2. So really, it's the total mass/energy of the Universe that doesn't change.
Thank you for asking, you saved me the effort. : ) Yes, it's the mass-energy budget that supposedly stays the same. (I'll believe it when I see the final accounting lol.) Weirdly, the Grande Total is supposedly zero.
Inspired by watching a black hole obliterate a star that passed too close: Is it possible given enough energy to 'stir' a main sequence star to extend it's life or make it throw an amazing solar flare? Or is that barrier that creates the core something that nears some kind of physical limit?
Forget aliens, what if some researcher comes up with tech for them and their staff to have free travel between Earth and Mars, as a week end get-away, summer home, etc and then put out no trespassing signs claiming private ownership of the planet ?
Would it be possible to advertise using satellites? Like, would it be possible to build a giant bill board to stick in orbit and put advertisements on it? Would be super intrusive, but it is an interesting concept.
The billboard would need to be really really huge. But you can imagine some kind of constellation of satellites writing out words. Yikes, that's scary.
That's an interesting idea too. Wouldn't be able to do images with that, but it is something that would be somewhat feasible. Though, I guess they would need to find some way to make it so we can easily distinguish the satellite points from the stars, or make them bright enough to be seen during the day. That could be pretty difficult too.
in a double slit experiment, when a electron is passed through two slits, it breaks up into two and produces interference patterns and when it is watched, it produces pattern of two bands instead of interference pattern. But how can a electron be aware of it being watched?
My wife and I both follow and enjoy your videos. My question is : " Do you think that Up and Down quarks can be made up of even less massive constituent particles"?"
As far as aliens claiming Mars... It seems to me that there would be 5 camps of people: 1) the curious; 2) the fearful; 3) the indifferent; 4) the groupies; 5) the hateful interplanetary terrorists. I would be in group 4, TAKE ME!
Why do we think that dyson swarm will emit detectable amounts of infra red? Possible sources of Infra red would be: 1. Inefficient solar panels (light absorbed by the panel but not converted, heating the panel and then being emitted as infra red) 2. Local use of the collected energy? The laws of thermodynamics dictate that most of the energy would end up as heat. If a civilisation was advanced enough to create a complete dyson swarm, Isn't it also likely that they have very efficient solar panels. How efficient would that panel need to be before our equipment couldn't detect the infra red? It is also quite possible that the civilization doesn't use the energy locally at all. But rather uses the energy for inter stellar travel. Which requires an insane amount of energy. So if you combine these two. Very high efficiency panels with non local power usage then you have a dyson swarm which we can't detect via infra red, but only by gravity. IE dark matter.
I know that double-planets aren't an official astronomical classification, but I cannot help but wonder about them. How infrequent is their formation? Can they form in a habitable zone, or is that even more unlikely? Can they orbit one another stably for a time like a stellar lifespan? And most importantly, does it put any unique stress on life or the arising of life on a pair of planets like these? Can life spread from one to the other? Do both planets have to have earth-like mass to retain water, or would two less massive planets do the same?
I know it might sound like a stupid question, but hey, sometimes stupid questions have interesting ways of saying "No." Given unlimited time and resources to do so, could you live on the sun? Either on the surface of the sun (obviously unlikely due to it not being solid as far as I know) or in some sort of cloud city style floating habitation domes.
I'm leaning toward disagreeing that Dyson structures must emit a characteristic infrared. I am aware of currently existing schema by which two photons of longer wavelength are "passively" combined into one of shorter wavelength, and though speculative, I believe that Dyson ready civilization would likely have a vastly greater mastery over light than us. Its my opinion that a properly engineered Dyson structure could emit its waste heat in wavelengths and patterns that would appear more to a distant observer as a cloud of plasma, than an organized, purposeful structure. It also seems like the signature infrared "signal" could essentially be jammed with purpose tuned light sources on the exterior of the structure, and that up to a certain point the structure could be disguised as many different objects. I think it should also be noted that if a high mastery of converting lower energy photons and phonons into higher quality forms of energy can be achieved, enough layers of such conversions should be able to bring the infrared signature down to arbitrarily low levels, right? I mean, I don't have my fingers crossed for 100% efficiency, but surely through iteration we can put a few hundred 9s after the decimal.
Now I understand gravitational lensing and how it works but what I don't understand is how do they put together an image of a galaxy in the background only using partial arcs of light?
Lower gravity will not improve accuracy of a rifle. Since snipers allow for the known ballistic curve for any distance the effect of gravity is eliminated from the accuracy. A much larger influence on accuracy is the meteorological conditions - and varying conditions affect the precision. The accuracy on Mars should be greater due to less atmospheric effects. Also, the range will be greater due to lower gravity and lower air pressure.
RE: aliens take Mars - if you consider human history as a good model to predict future behaviour then most assuredly humans will get stupid and feel threatened by such close alien proximity. The more level headed and those who think about the future will make the argument that they have to be considerably more technologically advanced to travel the distance required to set up shop on Mars, thus we should attempt to treat with them and be friendly (and possibly learn as much as possible)... but this won't alleviate the threat humans will feel. As Larry Beckham noted we have a historical precedent that is similar, but confined to the planet: the America's the biggest thing is the fear of the unknown and the fact that most people will do anything to alleviate this fear. humans have extreme reactions to fear, from killing to delusional behaviour. This is why people assume that UFO's are alien... it's *an* answer, and the human brain likes answers. it may not be correct, nor even logical, but it is *an* answer, so it's something the brain will cling to for comfort.
funny thing: humans aren't always very rational - LOL [intentional hyperbole] because we're not just curious, we're also fearful, and because leaders tend to be political, not the curious scientifically literate, we tend to react poorly when challenged with the unknown. the entire space race that put us on the Moon was motivated a great deal by fear... so aliens on Mars will do the exact same thing. I can see humans being galvanized by their presence into a global reaction and perhaps building up a technological "defense" against possible attack. it's not a real rational decision considering the tech required for interstellar travel, but we still have the same fight/flight monkey instinct in us, and humans are definitely territorial. An "outside threat" is something that can transcend barriers to bring people together: we saw this type of threat bring together the Plains tribes, and we see it in wars all around the globe, and still today in religions and prisons. It's human nature.
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If those aliens terraformed Venus for us, I'd say let them have Mars.
That would be totally fair.
Venus is already much more habitable for us than Mars is, it would just be in dirigibles, not on the surface.
Eric D Venus is soooo much harder to colonize, how would you maintain blimps permanently?, how would you get fuel?, where would you get water?, how would you avoid its massive tronados and storms?, how would you get sunligth?, how would you dock spaceships and pass suplies?, how would you even land a creed blimp?, don't let Scifi trick you, Venus is one of the worst places to be at
Getting to the outside for maintenance is tricky, that's the one valid point you have, but for the inside, you don't need a pressure suit so you can just patch it from the inside and if you have several (which you would) that makes maintaining the outside a lot easier, you just rig some temporary structure between two so you can make that area breathable while working on it then remove it once the maintenance is done. What do you need fuel for? the plan NASA has means there is 40% more solar power available than on earth's surface (so your other point about sunlight is completely wrong) and dirigibles only need a very small amount of electricity to move around with electric propellers (so you can easily avoid storms). I don't even remember a single sci fi thing that I've seen go to venus, I'm sure there is plenty but nothing I've been exposed to, it's mars that most sci fi goes to and tricks people into thinking is easy.
All you have to do is google, "venus dirigible plan" and it takes you to NASA's High Altitude Venus Operational Concept (HAVOC) which counters all of your concerns and of course mentions some you hadn't thought of but it still seems much easier to overcome the challenges there than on the surface of Mars to me.
i realize I'm kinda randomly asking but do anyone know of a good website to watch new series online ?
Even though you showed us how you walk into the rainforest and choose your location, the lighting and focus today make it look especially like you're in a studio with a green screen. 😂😂😂
I totally agree! I thought at first that a joke was coming where Fraser would say that THIS particular episode was made with a blue screen.
I agree too.
I mean, if NASA can fake the moon landings, i'm sure Fraser can fake being in the woods. :-)
Yeah, we're still trying to figure out how to use the new camera and lighting.
you could always use explosives... it may not help with the lighting but you will have some awesome footage! especially if you put some gasoline mixed with detergent.... it makes a beautiful fireball!
LMFAO
We notice that you're experimenting. I can see your use of lighting improving recently, like using the hair light and eliminating mottling from natural light coming through leaves, etc. If you really want to feel good about where you are no go re-watch "How Long Does it Take to Reach Earth" and remember how far you've come.
Aliens claiming a planet in our solar system? This is a 4x players question. Answer: play nice till we finish researching the next branch on the missile tech tree.
Never Simple after ICBMs what's next? Inter solar system ballistic missiles? ISSBM?
I'd like to see the movie or read the book. Maybe I'll just do that to aliens in Stellaris. See how they feel about it.
ISSBMs are my new favorite things!
FRASER! YOU PLAYED STELLARIS TOO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The aliens couldn't pierce our sphere of influence. Just our collection of porn alone would have them converting to humanism in droves.
Dear Fraser, just wanted to let you know that I really love your show! I strongly disagree with one of the questions, your way of individually thanking your patreons is exactly the opposite of subtle product placement, I think it's a very good way. You deserve every support you can get! Keep up the awesome stuff, it doesn't matter if with a concentrated or laughing face, you convince with your contents alone!!! ;)
Thanks, I'm glad you're enjoying them. :-)
no1youknowz I'll probably be one of the last humans in America with a job because of my career choices. I want a Universal Basic Income to exist for your benefit when your job is given to a robot or an AI.
no1youknowz I get where you're coming from, but please don't presume to condescend and ask me to educate myself. We both enjoy channels like this because we enjoy the pursuit of knowledge and seek to improve our own understanding constantly.
All currency is a portable stand-in for goods and services to be rendered at a later date. The only thing a Universal Basic Income does is assert that all people living in a land should have access to a minimum standard of access to goods and services. These goods and services do not belong to governments, but governments do regulate currency, and therefore are responsible to their citizens to distribute these tokens representative of value equitably.
The reason I'm for a Universal Basic Income is because without government, people have access to the land around them and it's produces if they choose to take their opportunity and do something with it. When there are three times as many people seeking work as there are job openings (as is the case in my home country, the United States of America) and when there is a government, that government should ensure that its citizens don't starve to death for reasons beyond their own control. When there are fewer job openings than people seeking work, the folks who can't get a job aren't at fault, and we shouldn't treat them that way.
In case my statement about UBI being for you seemed offensive, I apologize. It was a statement made from the perspective of statistical truth, but sounds condescending having read it a second time.
If you review my citations, you will see that a trend is developing, fueled by technological advancement, where it will soon become impossible to find work no matter how skilled an individual is because a machine will always do the job more effectively. The notable exception in the charts currently is Healthcare and social services, but IBM's Watson is being heavily pushed in this sector, and is already outperforming career doctors in accuracy of diagnoses and quality of research.
mobile.nytimes.com/2009/09/27/business/economy/27jobs.html
stateofworkingamerica.org/charts/unemployed-and-job-openings-by-industry/
www.zerohedge.com/news/2017-03-07/if-you-think-your-job-one-cannot-be-automated-youre-rude-awakening
I don't think we'd have the balls to start a war with alien galaxy travelers capable of colonizing planets in distant star systems. At least I hope not.
Mitch Crane we humans aren't known for our local decisions,
I mean, it's not like we elect infantile reality TV stars as our national leaders.
Mitch Crane we'll just build a wall between us and mars. sad thing is, it would be about as effective and isn't any less ridiculous. and he's in charge of nukes. *shivers*
I just hope we have brains not to go to war.
Larry Beckham I like how it was put in War of the Worlds, it wouldn't be anymore of a war than an ant going to war with a boot. I doubt we would go to war with the aliens. far too many people would be using their presence to hold others down for their own gain. crabs in a bucket on a global scale.
Fraser - I enjoy the patreon segment & hearing names of those who support the channel.
Exactly!
Question: Can we see the next Q&A with you up a Tree?
Hah, we'll make it more clear next time until you people finally believe us.
Fraser Cain I'm not on board with the green screen conspiracy theory but a tree would be funny
Thanks for answering my question! It's kind of interesting you'd only get a slight increase in the bullet's velocity, but it makes sense because nothing would really affect the muzzle velocity, but the lower gravity wouldn't slow the bullet as much which would allow it to travel farther and straighter.
I like that Patreon shout-out during the video. It's cool to see a channel appreciate it's supporters like that. 👍
I'm sorry, but I will only believe you're not using a green screen when I see you climbing one of those trees. 😁
I like that you list your Patreon supporters. Currently I'm not a Patreon supporter of yours or anyone else, but I do get a lot of enjoyment from you videos and am seriously considering joining Patreon just to support you. Thank you so much for hours of learning, laughs and entertainment.
Thanks, I'm really glad that people can support what we do, and it beats putting stuff behind a paywall or really invasive advertising.
i like the patreon thank you portion. they allow me to share this amazing stuff with my kids. So thank you Patreons for making this episode possible.
Besides the information, the background in your videos are the best part. I really like them, especially rain days.
So many rain days.
If aliens came to take over Mars, we should all go cozy up to a campfire and listen to some native American stories. It's already over for us.
They might have a lot to teach us. Sadly, we've seen how this plays out.
The CGI effects for this show are great. I could almost believe you're outside in the woods somewhere!
That's what we strive for.
SEEDING LIFE: Agreed! For the reasons you provide I think its basically our duty to spread life everywhere in the universe that we can stuff it. And, let's be real, wherever we go other life will hitch a ride, no matter how clean we think things are. Like rats on the ships of early explorers.
We'll be spreading life into the cosmos, whether we like it or not.
Fraser thank you so much for bringing these videos to us. Keep being awesome!
You rock
Thanks!
Growing up in Tampa on the west coast of Florida, we could see the shuttle going up during night launches. It didn't even have to be a super clear night to see it. For anyone who hasn't taken the trip to KSC, it's worth it. You have no idea how bright, powerful, and awesome these rockets are until you've seen them in person.
Also, to add to Fraser's suggestion, there are also camping options in the area if you want to see a launch on the cheap. For my money, the best site not directly on the cape is one of the waterfront parks just across the intercoastal. There are several spots where you have a direct line of sight to the pads. Bring a chair, a cooler, and binoculars, and be prepared to sit in traffic for a few hours after its over. But totally worth it.
1st vid I have watched on your channel, really good so you got a new sub.
I was watching a video about interstellar travel and you popped up so meh I'm here :]
Thanks, welcome to the channel!
Titusville is also a great place for watching launches. You can see the VAB from across the river here, and there are plenty of hotels around. Traffic can get pretty busy, though.
But I think is better. You are a lot closer than at Cocoa Beach, so the view is a ton better. Cocoa Beach is 720p., Titusville is 1080p. Cape Canaveral is 4k.
I've spend some time at Titusville too, it really depends on where the rocket launches from. There are some causeways in between from Titusville. But I agree, it's fine too.
stumbled upon you thru vsauce .. and instantly subscribed. I love the questions and the fact you actually reply. keep it up don't know why you don't have more subs already!
+Dev C C wow, that's cool. Was it in a recommended video beside Vsauce?
Fraser Cain yes indeed.
QUESTIONS:
1. How would clouds behave in an O'neil Cilinder? Would we have a stable weather or perhaps there would still be job openings for forecast presenters?
2. Hypotetically could we have an array of planets on the same orbit in the Lagrange points? Would large planets on another orbit like Jupiter disturb the balance in the array? If we can't go that far perhaps 2 planets on the same orbit but opposite sides of the sun is a possibility?
Thank you in advance and keep up the great work!
Let's just put tardigrades on all the planets in our solar system
Are we just building space ships for tardigrades?
Cool! You are one of not so many doing this the best!!
Thanks a lot!
For the first question, here is what I think :
If aliens were able to come to earth, it would mean that they have powerful ships capable of travelling near the speed of light, or at least really advanced technonology that allows theim to travel huge distances. So, I think that the humans will make a deal like "ok we give you Mars but in return you teach us about everything you know, your enginerring etc etc".
Afterall, Mars, in human's mind, is the "next earth", the planet that we are "supposed" to collonize. But if we are able to find something better than Mars by travelling to other stars, I really don't see any problem
That Mars question is outstanding. My take on it is that we may freak out, but it's not like we could do anything about it. What are we going to do? Declare war on the interstellar alien civilization?
Right, so I wonder what that would do to our psychology? Would we have some kind of collective anxiety disorder?
8:50 He meant that "you should mention the patreon members should be mentioned at the end"
Great video. Your videos are always interesting, but I will grant some more than others. You have posted some that I would have been happy if they lasted an hour or so.
So you're approving hour long questions shows? :-)
Fraser Cain In some cases yes because the topic is so interesting. I realized this may not be practical because of the extra stress and strain it would put on you. I have long had an interest in physics.
love your video's!
learned a lot from this channel!
I like that you say the petreons names in the middel of the video and I never thought you look depressed :) hahaha
Thanks, I'm glad you're enjoying them. :-)
Wow some very interesting questions in this segment.. thnx for answering them.
I thought you guys were greenscreening it for a while too.
I've just never seen nature be as still as it is in most of your videos. It's almost eerie.
Actually, I think I JUST realized what it probably is.
It's the microphones. Specifically the windsock, making it so none of
the ambient sounds of being outside (wind, leaves rustling, crickets
chirping, etc) get through.
It's tricking our brains into thinking the background is fake.
We pick and choose our times when we shoot. We actually want cloudy skies, but not rain. And we never go out when there's much wind. But a couple of episodes there was a happy chirping bird that you couldn't miss.
ALIENS ON MARS: We would freak out. I'm pretty convinced humans will freak out if we find intelligent life. We will freak out even harder if that life comes too near to us. And we would probably extra spaz if they decided to settled on Mars because we have already (at least in our heads) marked that territory as ours.
Yup, that's my feeling too.
One for your Q&A show...
In a nutshell:"How do we navigate in space?"
I am frequently astonished that we (The space agencies) can navigate through space with enough precision to put a lander on Mars, perform a flyby of Pluto or send a probe through the rings of Saturn. How is this miracle accomplished?
What's energy made out of? Does that question even make sense?
Also, what's space and time made out of?
Elfdemon space is just space and time is just a concept
We don't really know.
+Fraser Cain Yeah, that's about the answer I was expecting lol. Thanks for answering though, your videos are great!
What's your favorite type of sci-fi FTL? Mass relays (Mass Effect) Warp Drive, Jump Drive (Battlestar Galactica)
Stargates. I want to walk into one ring, and walk out on another world.
6:42 Nitpick / pet peeve: E = m c^2 is from a paper by Henri Poincare in 1900, 5 years earlier than Einstein. Both Poincare 1900 and Einstein 1905 have it as m = L/c^2, "L" being the old symbol for energy.
Poor Poincare.
Well, he's not entirely forgotten. The Poincare conjecture, famously proved by Grigori Perlman a few years back, was his. The Poincare group was his work too - it's the basis of how modern physicists define a particle, since with quantum uncertainty being a thing, defining a particle as "pointlike" doesn't work any more. He was a brilliant world-class mathematician, so there are references to him in all sorts of places.
Regarding _dark dysons_: I'm sure the next logical question would be "what if they could hide the IR signature?" The answer would still be no because dark matter makes up too much of the total mass measured by gravitation. Even if half the stars were covered by dark & undetectable dysons, it's still not enough to account for dark matter.
Dark dysons, that's an awesome name. :-)
The Mars/aliens thing raises another fantastic question: In all our talk about future interstellar human explorers going to and colonizing Alpha Cen and beyond, re-fueling our spaceships on astronomical bodies, etc., has anyone ever stopped to think about what our psychology and tendencies would lead _us_ to do if another form of life, slightly behind us in technology but still intelligent, was there to say _"No; you can't colonize that planet. And no, you can't refuel your spaceship with hydrogen from Proxima Cen. That's not right. Centauri is _*_our_*_ home; _*_our_*_ solar system; these are _*_our_*_ resources"_ ??
Unfortunately, I think I know what we'd do.
Yeah, unfortunately, this scenario has played out in the past.
I liked how at the start you walked up to the place where you took the photo for your green screen and then you gtfo. Very clever ,^_^,
We'll do what it takes to make you believe the lie that we shoot outside.
I think a lot of people would completely freak out and it would definitely spur tons of paranoia. Personally, I would relish the opportunity to exchange cultural ideas, art, literature, music etc. and perhaps technology. Anyways if aliens showed up that were advanced enough to travel interstellar distances and colonize planets, we wouldn't stand a chance against them anyways, so there's no point in worrying. If they want Mars and haven't invaded Earth then it's pretty obvious they mean it.
QUESTION? Mr. Cain, first off, I enjoy your videos and hope you keep making more. If interstellar travel is highly unlikely given the vast distance between stars, not to mention harmful radiation, why do we put so much effort into finding habitable planets? It's not like making a trip to them is possible. Why not devote our energy and resources to fixing Earth and finding ways to keep it safe. Thank you.
Your videos are awesome keep it up! So here's a question, in Carl Sagan's book, Pale Blue Dot, he mentions that at a distance of around 550 AU, gravitational lensing from the sun should theoretically allow us to see the universe with unmatched clarity. If we had the tech to do this, what would be the first thing (or place) you'd look at and why?
I'd want to look at Alpha Centauri and see if there are planets there.
about the final question: I don't think we have the exact same amount of mass as at the big bang event, because mass gets converted into energy (a small portion though).
Mass has been described as a manifestation of energy, so I would say the total amount of energy is still the same as at the beginning.
Re:Alien take Mars. Yes, people will flip out but I going to assume this alien are extra-stellar and they can squash humanity like a bug. This is Columbus greeting the Taíno time and hope the aliens as kinder that the Europeans were the First Nations of Americas. I hope they would offer the pay for Mars in tech, like interstellar travel capability, replicators (like on Star Trek), or immorality.
Immorality? I think we have enough of that now. I thunk you meant Immortality.
Sorry, I did. But immorality in our leadership would be nice. But afraid would compromise our illusion of free will too much.
Ivan Romanov no, we need immoral behavior from an alien perspective to reinvigorate the markets of hedonism. and we'll make the pious pay for it. MAKE IMMORALITY GREAT AGAIN
i like you, you're funny
But what if we can't do anything about it?
Some pretty cool questions... and some great starting points for sci fi stories!
With regards to seeding life on Enceladus (or anyone else for that matter), it's interesting that you assume life for life's sake is worth it 'ethically', without considering how awful that life might be for the organisms themselves. Initially we might just be talking about bacteria... no central nervous system, no "suffering", no problem. But anything more complex either introduced by us, or reasonably anticipated to evolve after our interference... that would ethically be our responsibility, right? I'm not saying we shouldn't do it, but my opinion is that the capacity for non-human creatures to suffer should always be factored in to any 'ethical' decisions. We factor in human suffering instinctively, but seem to be a bit blase about other species suffering, as though somehow it's not actually 'suffering'. Imagine our seeded extra terrestrials on Enceladus developing the capacity to suffer, and living horribly painful lives due to, I dunno, radiation or whatever.
Quite a rabbit hole (warren!) too deep for mere internet comments, haha. Anyway, it is a fascinating question that generates quite a few thought experiments. Love it.
hmm, J and L also work, I always use the arrow keys or scrub with the mouse.
A being of pure energy is a human. Matter and energy are the same thing. The trope in sci-fi comes from a fundamental misunderstanding of energy.
RE: black hole absorbing energy: same thing is true for all matter: as it absorbs photons, it just gets more massive.
Yup, if a black hole absorbs photons, it gets more massive.
For the record, I think that was the first time you've used a "foresty" greenscreen.
We need to rotate out the greenscreens.
OR...hire a leaf animator. :)
Thank you for what you do.
Hey Fraser! I have a question, physicists often talk about how the universe is expanding due to space itself getting bigger and objects drifting apart, but I wonder is it really the space itself that is expanding or is it just matter drifting apart in an infinitely spacious universe. From my understanding all the evidence that we have is that distant galaxies are redshifted more than the closer ones, and the cosmic microwave brackground radiation. Knowing just these facts I don't see how we can claim for sure that space is expanding as opposed to matter drifting apart, or are we just trying to avoid the trap of matter in distant galaxies potentially moving >= speed of light?
You should take a green screen out into the woods with you one time. Have a woods background on the green screen. Then have it flicker slightly or something so people freak out about it being a green screen. Then at the end of the video pan out and show that it is a green screen but you are still in the woods. lol
Maybe on April fools?
Love and respect for such a fantastic job all the way from India :)
The Dyson Spheres = Dark Matter idea seems unlikely to me too, but what if the builders managed to vent all excess infrared in the form of beams aimed at the horizon of the universe? Then they could be effectively invisible with no thermodynamic problems.
I agree this idea shouldn't be discarded based on 'it would leak infra-red'.. Seems possible to me that an advanced civilization could somehow utilize the infra-red energy with everything else.. I think the idea that dark matter = alien light blocking in some fashion is very interesting..
Before the science trolls start- Fraser was obviously saying the *moons* of the outer planets would become water worlds, not the outer planets themselves
Did I say planets? Well, if Alan Stern and crew's new definition comes through, then moons are planets.
Thank you for the video! I'm completely agree with you about the ethical issues about the life export to Encelado or Europa after havin assured there is no life or after we have learnt everything about the eventually life found or better if there is the possibility to coexist. I apologize for my English. Grazie ciao
Of course, being absolutely certain that it's empty is the tough part.
I've often thought about that. What if they claimed Antartica (nobody is living there)? Ultimately it probably comes down to the fact that we can't do anything about it.
You can go live in Antarctica if you like, it just sucks.
woww, this (first) question is really cool indeed, would be cool movie idea 😜.
That's what I was thinking, or a science fiction story.
The question about aliens inhabiting mars was very interesting. It would have huge impact on space exploration and all but what interests me the most is anticipating the different responses and reactions from different people. Some will of course say they are a threat to us and we must negotiate or force them to leave.. some will say they are far away from us and mean us no harm and they just want to find a new home.. etc etc..
For me its very interesting to observe the patterns in human behaviour. First there were the tribes and races in which people divided themselves.. then religions and nationalities, which people often use to look down upon each other.. If life exisits in other places in the universe, this pattern is bound to repeat itself.
What would it take to build a space elevator? And could we use the weightlessness of space to assist in moving things from the surface to the top of the space elevator?
We did an episode all about space elevators here: ruclips.net/video/JGtqB5KMS1I/видео.html
How come the leaves on the plants behind you don't move? No breeze there?
Not this time, we were really lucky. It's tough to keep the wind noise out of the mic.
are we looking at the universe upside down? who decided up / north really was up? does it even matter? boggle my mind Fraser!
Another dark matter question, we know a lot of matter has been accelerated to speeds approaching the speed of light thereby increasing its mass. Areas around galaxies and galaxy cluster would have more of this form of matter because that's where most of the accelerators are. Do we have any idea of how much mass this actually is?
I'm not sure there is much mass that's been accelerated that much. The occasional cosmic ray particle, but that's about it. Galaxies might be moving thousands of kilometers per second, but that's still a fraction of the speed of light.
QUESTION: could you please explain and compare the following notions: particle horizon, hubble sphere and event horizon (for the universe) in particular why they are all distinct?
Interesting question, I'll tackle this in a future video, I think.
I guess we would be freaked out but we couldn't go to war with them because they would be much more advanced civilization than we are, since they could've colonized mars.
Question: What are advantages of a CH4-based propellant over traditional hydrogen/oxygen propellant.
It's easier to make on Mars.
I think if they exchanged mars for tech to terraform venus and other tech it would be a good trade
It's funny, that suggestion has come up a few times. I agree. But what if they just colonized Mars and didn't want anything to do with us?
Here's a question for you Fraser. A bit hypothetical but bear with me!
Let's say aliens land a couple landers on Earth with tech level similar to ours, say a few Venera style Landers and a Curiosity or 2, 500 to 1000 ago, back when we hadn't made signs of our civilisations that obvious. Assuming they don't happen to land on someone's house, would they be able to even tell that humans even existed? How much would an orbiter tell them? Would they try to come up with a natural explanation how those "wheat field" things appear on Earth's surface?
It depends on where they landed. Most of Earth is still wilderness, or ocean, so chances are they wouldn't notice. But if they had some kind of orbiter with a high resolution, they'd see our structures. Especially at night.
Here's a question. Why couldn't a type 2 civilization also absorb and use all of the infrared radiation as well as the visible light? We theorized that they can surround a star completely, but isn't it possible that by that time they also invented much more efficient collectors?
"Would we start a war with a civilization capable of interstellar travel?" That entirely depends on how suicidal we're feeling that week. Because they'd crush us with no effort whatsoever.
i say we just do it, we take over the entire universe! why limit ourselves if we are the only intelligent life form, the entire universe should be ours.
Interesting question, what if we find non-intelligent life?
When background looks like cgi ~)
Yeah, we do live in paradise. Especially now when the winter is over and spring is here.
I've got a question, instead of describing inflation as an "expansion" in a spatial reference, would it be more useful to describe the event as more akin to a eutectic phase change than an expanding balloon analogy?
The evolution of the universe is really more of a series of changing states than a small thing becoming a big thing. How about putting it in terms of an infinite space undergoing changes in its laws that result in the observed expansion effects?
Expansion is the right term, I think, because the density of the Universe is constantly decreasing.
Fraser Cain I do agree that is technically what is happening, but I think the nomenclature is insufficient and find many still consider expansion and explosion synonymous.
RE: Mass of the universe.
Isn't the mass of the universe getting lighter? With all the hydrogen being turned into helium, there must be some overall effect? Unless all that energy is being turned back into mass someplace.
Well, I was talking about the total mass/energy of the Universe. But that's a good point.
Why does everything lose energy? Why does light get stretched out?
Great point about the mass. It would seem to me, though, that, over time, mass diminishes as it is turned into energy in the cores of stars. What do you think?
I often get asked why I look so angry. I guess, when I just focus on what I'm doing, my face gets a somewhat serious expression… 😐😄
Resting serious face.
Could dark matter be the remains of an evaporated black hole? Thanks for the cool vids!
About the gun question, if you fired a gun on the moon toward the Earth, would the bullet come back down?
The escape velocity of the Moon is 2.38 km/s. Fastest bullet is about 1.37 km/s. So yup, it would come back down. And without the atmosphere, it would come back at the same speed it left at.
Q: So far how many rogue planets do we have on record? And how do they find them?
I think the question about dark matter possibly being dyson spheres should be considered more.
You said those would produce infrared radiation.
While I'm in no way educated about the subject (beyond the minimum), the follow up question seems to be:
Can you somehow "hide" infrared radiation? Especially in this context.
Hiding infrared radiation means that you're holding in heat. So whatever's inside the Dyson sphere will get hotter and hotter until you let it out. If aliens can handle their system being hotter than the Sun, then they can do it.
Thank you for the answer.
Now I really feel like I'm talking because of lack of proper education (working on it), but first thing that comes to mind would be managing that heat in a very efficient manner (perhaps on the level unimaginable to us right now), but again I'm only talking about my uneducated guess here:)
Re the last question:
Isn't it the mass-energy of the early universe that is the same as that of the present universe, rather than the mere mass? Some mass is constantly being turned into energy through various reactions, and vice-versa, so isn't it unlikely that the mass of the universe is now exactly the same as it was shortly after the big bang?
Great point, I should have been more precise. Energy and mass are interchangeable via e=mc2. So really, it's the total mass/energy of the Universe that doesn't change.
Thank you for asking, you saved me the effort. : )
Yes, it's the mass-energy budget that supposedly stays the same. (I'll believe it when I see the final accounting lol.)
Weirdly, the Grande Total is supposedly zero.
Inspired by watching a black hole obliterate a star that passed too close: Is it possible given enough energy to 'stir' a main sequence star to extend it's life or make it throw an amazing solar flare? Or is that barrier that creates the core something that nears some kind of physical limit?
Here you go, we did a video on this: ruclips.net/video/uDp9oPVjJc0/видео.html
I love your videos. Can you send me that background sound when you read the questions..thnx
I always wonder if the patrons are okay having their names mentioned in the show
Forget aliens, what if some researcher comes up with tech for them and their staff to have free travel between Earth and Mars, as a week end get-away, summer home, etc and then put out no trespassing signs claiming private ownership of the planet ?
Once we started interacting, it would probably get messier. But what if they just moved in, and didn't talk to us at all.
Would it be possible to advertise using satellites? Like, would it be possible to build a giant bill board to stick in orbit and put advertisements on it?
Would be super intrusive, but it is an interesting concept.
The billboard would need to be really really huge. But you can imagine some kind of constellation of satellites writing out words. Yikes, that's scary.
That's an interesting idea too. Wouldn't be able to do images with that, but it is something that would be somewhat feasible.
Though, I guess they would need to find some way to make it so we can easily distinguish the satellite points from the stars, or make them bright enough to be seen during the day. That could be pretty difficult too.
in a double slit experiment, when a electron is passed through two slits, it breaks up into two and produces interference patterns and when it is watched, it produces pattern of two bands instead of interference pattern. But how can a electron be aware of it being watched?
Why would a Dyson sphere be leaking infrared? Couldn’t that also be collected and used by an advanced civilization?
If you don't radiate the heat away, then you just get hotter and hotter. Even if you capture that heat, eventually you need to let it escape.
My wife and I both follow and enjoy your videos. My question is : " Do you think that Up and Down quarks can be made up of even less massive constituent particles"?"
Also... heh, my husband usually asks me at least once a day if I'm mad at him, when I'm in fact just concentrating on something...
As far as aliens claiming Mars... It seems to me that there would be 5 camps of people: 1) the curious; 2) the fearful; 3) the indifferent; 4) the groupies; 5) the hateful interplanetary terrorists. I would be in group 4, TAKE ME!
Seriously, someone needs to make a movie out of this.
I'd see the movie in theaters, buy the movie, read the book, and get the audiobook... Just like I did with The Martian
Why do we think that dyson swarm will emit detectable amounts of infra red?
Possible sources of Infra red would be:
1. Inefficient solar panels (light absorbed by the panel but not converted, heating the panel and then being emitted as infra red)
2. Local use of the collected energy? The laws of thermodynamics dictate that most of the energy would end up as heat.
If a civilisation was advanced enough to create a complete dyson swarm, Isn't it also likely that they have very efficient solar panels. How efficient would that panel need to be before our equipment couldn't detect the infra red?
It is also quite possible that the civilization doesn't use the energy locally at all. But rather uses the energy for inter stellar travel. Which requires an insane amount of energy.
So if you combine these two. Very high efficiency panels with non local power usage then you have a dyson swarm which we can't detect via infra red, but only by gravity. IE dark matter.
I know that double-planets aren't an official astronomical classification, but I cannot help but wonder about them. How infrequent is their formation? Can they form in a habitable zone, or is that even more unlikely? Can they orbit one another stably for a time like a stellar lifespan? And most importantly, does it put any unique stress on life or the arising of life on a pair of planets like these? Can life spread from one to the other? Do both planets have to have earth-like mass to retain water, or would two less massive planets do the same?
I know it might sound like a stupid question, but hey, sometimes stupid questions have interesting ways of saying "No."
Given unlimited time and resources to do so, could you live on the sun? Either on the surface of the sun (obviously unlikely due to it not being solid as far as I know) or in some sort of cloud city style floating habitation domes.
I'm leaning toward disagreeing that Dyson structures must emit a characteristic infrared. I am aware of currently existing schema by which two photons of longer wavelength are "passively" combined into one of shorter wavelength, and though speculative, I believe that Dyson ready civilization would likely have a vastly greater mastery over light than us. Its my opinion that a properly engineered Dyson structure could emit its waste heat in wavelengths and patterns that would appear more to a distant observer as a cloud of plasma, than an organized, purposeful structure. It also seems like the signature infrared "signal" could essentially be jammed with purpose tuned light sources on the exterior of the structure, and that up to a certain point the structure could be disguised as many different objects. I think it should also be noted that if a high mastery of converting lower energy photons and phonons into higher quality forms of energy can be achieved, enough layers of such conversions should be able to bring the infrared signature down to arbitrarily low levels, right? I mean, I don't have my fingers crossed for 100% efficiency, but surely through iteration we can put a few hundred 9s after the decimal.
Now I understand gravitational lensing and how it works but what I don't understand is how do they put together an image of a galaxy in the background only using partial arcs of light?
The mass of the observable universe is less now than it was in the early universe, because matter leaves our cosmic horizon.
Good point, we actually going to be doing an episode on various horizons, so I'll discuss this.
Lower gravity will not improve accuracy of a rifle. Since snipers allow for the known ballistic curve for any distance the effect of gravity is eliminated from the accuracy. A much larger influence on accuracy is the meteorological conditions - and varying conditions affect the precision. The accuracy on Mars should be greater due to less atmospheric effects. Also, the range will be greater due to lower gravity and lower air pressure.
RE: aliens take Mars - if you consider human history as a good model to predict future behaviour then most assuredly humans will get stupid and feel threatened by such close alien proximity. The more level headed and those who think about the future will make the argument that they have to be considerably more technologically advanced to travel the distance required to set up shop on Mars, thus we should attempt to treat with them and be friendly (and possibly learn as much as possible)... but this won't alleviate the threat humans will feel. As Larry Beckham noted we have a historical precedent that is similar, but confined to the planet: the America's
the biggest thing is the fear of the unknown and the fact that most people will do anything to alleviate this fear. humans have extreme reactions to fear, from killing to delusional behaviour. This is why people assume that UFO's are alien... it's *an* answer, and the human brain likes answers. it may not be correct, nor even logical, but it is *an* answer, so it's something the brain will cling to for comfort.
But what if we can't get there and do anything about it. What if we know they're just there, staring at us with their beady alien eyes?
funny thing: humans aren't always very rational - LOL [intentional hyperbole]
because we're not just curious, we're also fearful, and because leaders
tend to be political, not the curious scientifically literate, we tend
to react poorly when challenged with the unknown.
the entire space race that put us on the Moon was motivated a great deal by fear... so aliens on Mars will do the exact same thing. I can see humans being galvanized by their presence into a global reaction and perhaps building up a technological "defense" against possible attack. it's not a real rational decision considering the tech required for interstellar travel, but we still have the same fight/flight monkey instinct in us, and humans are definitely territorial. An "outside threat" is something that can transcend barriers to bring people together: we saw this type of threat bring together the Plains tribes, and we see it in wars all around the globe, and still today in religions and prisons. It's human nature.