Q&A 27: Asteroid as a Space Ship and more...
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- Опубликовано: 26 июл 2024
- In this week’s Q&A, Fraser talks using an asteroid for a space ship, colonizing the whole galaxy, and whether you’ve got dark matter all around you.
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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / / @karlathompson001
/ karlathompson
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com
Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 
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![Everything Discovered from Year 2 of JWST. From Closest to Farthest [4K]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/wh4G1Wh79Ck/mqdefault.jpg)
You actually switched places with your wife, so she was in front of the green screen. You can't fool me !
Clearly we can't. :-)
Damn your wife's photography is good. It actually kinda made me wanna go check it out. I probably won't but the fact that it actually made me think of that means it must be good . I know this doesn't sound like a compliment but I swear it's a big one lol
Yup, she's really good. And the same camera is doing our RUclips videos is doing her macrophotography. It's pretty cool.
that is some awesome macro work, the first bee shot is especially good, she is definitely getting a look from me.
This is the best series in this channel in my opinion!
Thanks, I'm glad you're enjoying them.
I can almost see the lights roasting your skin, the bugs must really like it too.
It's not usually too bad, but it was a little worse that day.
Great HD camera. You can see that lone mosquito attacking Fraser the entire time
CGI mosquito.
Too HD. I felt it.
"Zone of avoidance", my ex girlfriend had one of those, hence the 'ex'.
Awesome stuff! Thank you for all those questions answered! :)
RE: The question about finding your position in space
If you're sufficiently far enough from Earth, wouldn't all of the stars that you had plotted locations and types for, all be in a different position relative to each other when viewed from another vantage point? Some stars being closer (not seen as far in the past), with other stars being further (seen even further in the past).
If you ended up in a different galaxy, how would you recognise even known galaxies, if what you were used to seeing was a top-down view of it, and now can only see it's side, etc.?
I think this is a bigger challenge than you made it seem.
The farther you were from Earth, the more you'd have to calculate the movements of the stars to figure out where you were.
Guys, no, they don't use green screen. I think Fraser himself is CGI, then why would they need a green screen in the first place. #CGIFRASERCAIN
Our secrets are finally revealed. It's all just a simulation.
Wow you can really see the difference with the new camera, looks amazing. Keep it coming and thanks for all your hard work
Thanks! Will do.
To be honest, I was kind of expecting there to be a parking lot right behind the camera. Being European, I tend to forget that there's actual nature in Canada without requiring a two-hour drive first ;)
Yeah, we're about a 10 minute walk away from the parking lot. Well, it's not even a parking lot, more like the side of the road. :-)
Talking about great picture quality. You can actually see the mosquitos biting your head! LOL
Love what you're doing.
Greetings from the other side, Argentina.
Yeah, I really sacrificed for that video.
27 of the best videos on youtube. Keep up the good work Fraser.
Thanks a lot!
QUESTION: The geostationary orbit becomes really crowded noadays. Will we eventually have enough satelites and debris there to have some sort of a ring? How cool would it be, Earth with a gas giant-like ring of trash. How long would it take if we keep on sending stuff to geostationary?
interesting video sir , i love the space stuff :) , the camera stuff too , wow your mrs is a cool photographer .
Thanks a lot!
Great QA as always... you answered many of my questions including the one about heavier elements. Thanks.
Ps: your wife's photography is excellent
Thanks! I'll pass along your kind words. :-)
Regarding asteroid space ships, I really liked the idea that was used in the novel 2312, where hollowed out asteroids with the right orbital paths were used as a means of interplanetary mass transport. Just find an asteroid that crosses both Earth and Mars orbit, get on it during the right time, and you are set!
Yeah, just hitchhike on the asteroid that's going where you need.
I think the Fermi paradox just comes down to scale. It may be that on average there may be only one intelligent species per galaxy. This would make intelligent life on a galactic scale very rare but on a universal scale very common. The same can be said for life in general. It's very common on earth (planetary scale), so far rare in the solar system (solar scale) but we may find simple life common all over the galaxy (galactic scale).
TLDR: Space is big. You won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind bogglingly big space is. I mean, you might think it's a long way down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to space
I like peanuts
Unfathomable... if that's even a word :)
Unfathomable is a word.
CreamyGravy so is sesquipedelian. :)
Indeed it is.
Been watching for a while.. awesome Fraser.. keep it constructive.. let's build stuff!! Down with entropy!!!
No kidding, entropy sucks!
1:36 OMG, the aliens from Starship Troopers! :-)
That movie is one of my guilty pleasures. :-)
Paul Verhoeven is one of my absolute favorite directors, Flesh+Blood, Robocop, Total Recall, Basic Instinct, Starship Troopers... Showgirls didn't get good reviews but I quite liked that one too :-)
Aha so different types of detonation events produce different types of heavier-than-iron materials. I heard that gold is *ONLY* produced in neutron star collisions. Is there a well-founded publication that lists what specific materials are produced in what particular detonation events? For instance, maybe in our antecedent creation event element was not formed, but in some more violent detonations stable 120 *IS* formed?
The scientific term is supernova nucleosynthesis, and there are plenty of papers out there that talk about the different elements created. We don't see any evidence of any stable elements too far up the periodic table, so we have to assume that they don't get created. If they could be made, it would happen in supernovae.
Fraser Cain - i read a paper that asserts gold can only be nucleosynthized in events more feral than typical supernovae.
Project Starshot would at least give us a good idea of which star systems have habitable planets suitable for colonization. Hope it goes forward. Do you think they will be able to build lathes in space which could hold a large metalic asteroid and spin it against a blade which could shape it, hollow it, and scrape off useable material from which to build habitats? Alternatively, you talked about rubble asteroids, but would a 3D printer more easily be able to scoop up the rubble material, crush it, melt it, and use it to print out a shell for a "mother ship" in-situ, in space?
Hi Fraser, I really enjoy your videos. Thanks.
Question: One of your recent videos mentioned SETI and its goal. Considering the limit of speed of time, is there even a point in trying to listen to really far off signals, anything beyond 10s of light-years?
For now, I think we just want to know if we're alone in the Universe. Is there anyone else out there at all?
Hi Fraser. A thought experiment. Let's say, we send out two gigantic multi-generation colonization ships to the same target. They would have no means to make contact to each other until they arrive. Over time, the lose the knowledge there's another ship out there.
Once they arrive after 5.000 generations, will they still recognize each other as humans on first sight? They won't be able to talk to each other any more, that's sure. But what do you think -- would physical evolution be convergent or divergent?
5,000 generations is about 100,000 years. Humans haven't changed that much in that length of time, so I'm sure they'd realize they looked very similar. It would take much longer to drift genetically.
If there's enough evolutionary pressure, it can go much faster, but you're right, I should have said 100.000 generations (I'm a biologist and biochemist btw, so I should have given that a second -- or first actually -- thought before writing).
But the real question remains: Would putting an enormous amount of initially similar environmental pressure met by increasingly different solutions (e.g. adaptation by genetic engineering or deliberate selective population control vs. natural propagation) still have similar enough results to prevent speciation.
On Earth, Neandertalensis split from Sapiens between 100k and 600k years ago in the Erectus lineage. They as we know were still interbreeding when they went extinct. But that subspecies formation had occurred under very similar environmental pressure.
Also, I wonder if sending seed ships with frozen embryos be advantageous or disadvantageous for the intended purpose of settling a new planet.
We don't know any of this, but it's interesting to think about.
Thanks Fraser!
Thanks for watching!
You can pretend you're in a forest all you want, but admittedly your photoshop skills are very precise
Right down to the simulated mosquitoes...
Love this show.
+Andy Barnes thanks!
Hey, Fraser, great questions and answers! About the Starship crash, the location method totaly ruined the "Lost in Space" plot. Unless they are in a paralel uncharted universe
Thanks, maybe they didn't take a good enough map with them.
In fact, if their warp drive took them to a distant Galaxy, then even good maps would be of limited use, since they show the Unviverse from our perspective now and distant Galaxies are seen how they were in the past, so it would be difficult to identify them in their future
Assuming rockets continue to get faster and interstellar travel becomes feasible, do you think future space pirates may try to steal the Voyager probe?
Hah, space is pretty big and they're pretty far away. I guess if future spaceflight gets that good, there's money to be made by selling them to history buffs.
To use an asteroid as a base/ship you would still need to push an immense amount of dead weight which wouldn't be very efficient and will require extensive amounts of energy to do so.
You would need to expend a lot of energy in the beginning to get it spinning, but then it would keep doing that without any additional energy.
What is your opinion on the practicality of a Von Neumann machine being used in the somewhat far off future to mine asteroids. Would it be economically practical? Thanks and love your channel.
I think it's just a matter of time before we have self-replicating robotic factories in space.
We will have to use factories made of asteroid materials eventually or the whole ball of industrializing space will bottleneck. Lifting factories off of Earth everytime one needs to be replaced or repaired will slow industrialization way down. But the factories won't be self-replicating for a long time but that's ok. We humans need something to do in the future.
How do you guys power your lights? Are you close to your house or did you find one of those elusive trees with a built in outlet?
They're LEDs so they're battery powered. Pretty great technology these days.
I wondered why I was dropping frames... I was watching in 4k @ 60fps... Nice camera!
Thanks, I can't even watch the videos. No television in the house that'll handle it.
Gravitational potential energy becomes kinetic energy, which (with gravitational confinement) becomes nuclear binding energy during supernova nucleosynthesis.
In the end, it's always about gravity.
I have a piggyback question to Jerry Ruppercht's question. If the planet you landed on was very far from earth, it would be closer to or further away from those stars relative to earth. Would we still be able to rely on the Data from ESA? Wouldn't the change in distance and position from those stars relative to ESA and earth make them look millions of years younger or older? Suppose he landed 10 Ly from Rigel, but on the opposite side from earth. Could we still tell it was Rigel? (Sorry for the long post)
Things would be a tiny little bit different, but mostly the same. The stars don't move that much in a few years. We actually did a video about this: ruclips.net/video/nQDU65mZnLw/видео.html
You don't seem to agree with Isaac Arthur on some things, despite doing colabs. His opinion on asteroids was to hollow them out, then make a separate spinning cylinder within, as that would be easier to spin up, and the rock provides the perfect radiation shield :3
Hey, I'm not going to disagree with Isaac, but I also haven't seen every one of his videos. :-) His spinning shelter idea is cool, but it feels to me like it would be easier to just dig a few tunnels and get the asteroid spinning than to build out that big of a hollow inside it.
LOL always thought background was just digitally done. Nice.
Nope, we're always outside.
Hey Fraser I have a question. If we ever do use breakthrough starshots plan for interstellar travel of probes what would happen to the data it sends back since it would be traveling a significant portion of C. Would it be redshifted and if so how would that affect our data that we receive.
No, it would be sending its data back at light speed. The spacecraft themselves are only going about .1C, so there's not a lot of time dilation.
How about sending out robots to explore the galaxy. Like you said, they harvest and build new robots as they go, making their journey exponentially faster. As they find habitable worlds, they could set up human cloning machines and put us there. Well, not us, but clones of us. There's a book called The Eternity Brigade that made me think of this.
I definitely think the future of exploration will come from the robots. Let them explore and tell us where we should go.
You mentioned how the collapse of stars creates the heavier elements, just how heavy of an element could have been created, even if they decay mere moments later?
We don't know the upper limit. Supernovae are atom smashers at a scale we can't possibly comprehend.
Your thoughts on a "Laser Relay System" for getting around the solar system faster? Obviously someone would have to lay the relays, my guess is the first ones would be the moon, Mars, and the belt in a few places.
I really like this idea. Setting up lasers to boost spacecraft across the Solar System.
Karla is beautiful wife. Well done mate
Thanks!
question.. what do you think about electric universe theory vs accepted gravitational cosmology theory as it relate s to dark mater and anti matter dark energy etc
"Balls of Rock!" so many applications to this phrase!
Incredible bravery?
Exactly what i was thinking... mostly... Ok, maybe not mostly.
Is there a "standard candle" for gravitational wave observations? If not, how do we know the masses of the objects that are colliding and how near or far away they are?
Astronomers can calculate the mass and distance of the objects based on the size and frequency of the gravitational waves. They still don't have a good handle on the direction with only two detectors.
Hi Fraser, I have a question that I would like you could answer in a video.
Q: Today we don't know if the universe is infinite or not. Could we use a bigger gravitational wave experiment to know where is the farthest black hole collision and use that to size at least our part of the hypothetical multiverse?
Thanks!
It wouldn't help us get past the edge of the observable Universe. Even gravity waves travel at the speed of light.
You mentioned that asteroids are more fragile than we thought well how about using a hard rock or a hard metal asteroid or would they be too hard to dig inside to hollow out? This question is regarding making a spaceship out of an asteroid.
The Mother Nest in Alistair Reynolds' Revelation Space series is a hollowed out asteroid that the Conjoiners live in. The Conjoiners are a faction of humans that have neural transplants.
Hi! Great work!
I have a question: If we have a spaceship, in the future, capable of traveling at the speed of light, inmune to stelar radiation and all of that tech, like in movies, would it be dangerous to fly inside a gas nebula at "normal" speeds (not light speed), like... voyager for example? They are pretty, but are they dangerous?
+Pekoneko117 the particles aren't that dense, but it depends on your size and speed.
I've been asking several times, but never've been answered:
A question about space expansion, If galaxies that are farther away
from us move faster away, doesn't that mean that they were that fast a
long time ago? Can it be that at present time the expansion rate of that
galaxies slows down, but we just don't know about it, because the light
from them haven't reached us yet? May be galaxies closer to us are
moving slower because information about them updates more quickly? and
the whole universe(visible) is slowing down in expansion.
+Мукаев Виктор the speed that they're moving away isn't anything like the speed of light. So we're seeing them in the past, but not that far into the past
Hey Fraser, the gravitational ripples that we've detected so far have been minuscule - smaller than an atomic nucleus. Would the waves be bigger closer to a cataclysmic event like a black hole merger? Would they rip apart planets and stars? How quickly would the size of the waves dissipate?
You would have to be very close to a merging event for the gravitational waves to be significant, and if you're that close, the tidal forces are already devastating.
Wow, cool! Thanks Fraser!
Hey Fraser!
Question: How much rays/energy from big-bang/galaxies/stars/etc can be found simultaneously lets say in 1 cm3 of space vacuum? Can we use that energy somehow?
There's background radiation temperature from the Big Bang in all directions. Right now, it's too cool for us to use, but in the distant future, when everything else is dead, it might be the only source we could use.
subscribed to your wife's channel. great photography. when is the best time to see and photograph the milky way in the northern hemisphere?
Thanks! Best time is summertime. Right now. :-)
Fraser Cain thanks but it's a little bit about the 24-hour daylight here we haven't had a night with any total darkness and in quite some time even though I'm in Anchorage it's been cloudy
hey ! i love your videos.
what are your favorite youtube chanels ? :p
I link to a bunch of the channels I'm watching with every questions show, so that should give you some good starting points. What are you favorites?
Fraser,is there any method we can use to detect planets in orbit around stellar black holes?
In theory, we could detect their gravitational influence on the black holes, just like we detect planets around pulsars.
Do you think life in the universe pretty much have to evolve the same way? Starting from one single cell up to AI. Things that swim have fins, things that fly have wings, things that build space stations have thumbs, in general or on average. I know there's endless variations.
Evolution has shown us that it can take multiple paths to achieve the same goal. Eyes, for example, have evolved several times. And we've seen that we can get different kinds of wings, features, skin flaps, etc.
Fermi Filters - one of the odd things is we expect our cradle to be the same for Grown up civilizations, it may be that what we know as children do not apply to adults and staying in this Universe or under the same laws might not interest other civilizations.. they may get up and just Go or create their own Universe and for that reason we can't see them or concieve of what existence is like for them. It could be we're simply still too young to be asking and expecting answers to some problems.. it is encouraging however that we have come to this point where we have the time or sense of being to even ask.. where is everybody?
add on to the crashing on a random planet and finding your location, if you went through a wormhole, if you did also travel through time, how could you tell?
If you've got a really good map and a powerful computer that's capable of calculating the movements of stars, then maybe you could figure it out?
how will future space missions to colonize mars k ow wjere its safe to colonise? could there be dormant fault lines or sand covered volcanoes?
I think we'd start with lava tubes, since they're open areas already underground that would protect us from dangerous radiation and the low atmosphere.
Q: What if we started another cold war the part with "race to space", then instead race to the moon, Race to Centauri, will anyone win? (Fact: reason for US being able to reach the moon, is the fear of loosing.) So try to apply that on this scenario.
Who knows, this might happen once the Chinese have set foot on the Moon, they might race to send a probe off to the stars.
So would it be possible to perfectly interfere two laser beams in a way that they cancel out? If so what happens to the energy contained in them?
Because black holes as any other body moves through space, could you use its gravitational attraction for slingshot acceleration and/or breaking(slowing down) ? Would harvested energy when accelerating that way be subtracted from black hole mass?
Sure, you could use a black hole for a gravitational slingshot. I'm sure why it would take away from its mass, though, you're just stealing its orbital velocity. Did you ever see this video? ruclips.net/video/xJmD_1kSa3I/видео.html
Are there any plans to deal with all the space debris in orbit? How can we clean it up?
Here's a video we did: ruclips.net/video/ISbs-XdW76k/видео.html
I have a question. If Tachyon particles do exist, can they be used for something practical or be used for anything at all? I.e, FTL communications, and if not that, regular Lightspeed communications?
We don't know if tachyons are real, but if they are, they could travel faster than light, so that would allow FTL communications. We can already communicate at the speed of light. :-)
Here's something that I'd like to know. How is it that deposits of some elements, such as gold, occur on Earth in veins or in chunks? Did they get thrown out of a supernova in chunks? Or did the gold atoms become associated with each other later, by some physical or chemical sieving process?
Andromeda is moving towards us. Right now we see it 2.5 million years in it's past. When it gets here we'll be in relatively (pun not intended, sort of) the same "time-frame". Does that mean that we're watching Andromeda in a very slight "fast-forward"? If not then...what? I hope that makes sense.
Right, but only a tiny little bit. It's going to take billions of years to get to us, while the light only takes a few million years to get to us. So, it's a factor of 1,000.
Okay cool. I've had this vague understanding that "relativistic effects" only really started to become significant as you approached like 90, 99% c or something like that, but then I had that thought about converging observers' reference frames and it didn't seem to reconcile with what I thought that meant. 0.1% isn't "significant" maybe, but I mean, if they were approaching at 0.1c would we see supernovae happen 10% faster for instance? Some aspects of relativity are totally non-linear...I just need to do some more book learnin'.
Fraser, don't you think our technology in the future for bionics will eventually give us the potential to have robotic bodies like you joke about? If we could transplant our brain to such a body we should be able to make the trips out of the solar system ourselves. I don't see bionics slowing down anytime soon and can personally envision this at some distant future date.
Another great Q&A show!
Absolutely, I personally think that transformation into robots is the most likely outcome, but I know people imagine the Star Trek/Star Wars science fiction future.
Can we reverse entropy?
Nope, that's one of the hard truths of the Universe. Entropy always increases.
Is a brown dwarf star something that is in transition from a white dwarf to a black dwarf star? Could we land on a brown dwarf star?
Is it possible we have it backwards with gravity and time? Instead of
time slowing down in the presence of high gravity could time speed up in
the presence of matter? so what we feel as gravity is the acceleration
of time near a lot of mass like the earth? From space a clock on earth
would only appear to tick slower because because the farther from a big
chunk a matter you got the slower time would pass. The matter of earth
would be stretching time like you are walking on one of those moving
sidewalks at the airport. For a person on the moving walk-way it only
took 100 steps to get to the end of the hall. For a person off the
moving walk-way it took 300 steps.
I've heard that photons don't experience time. Even if a photon is generated in a distant galaxy and travels for hundreds of millions of years to be absorbed in my retina, from the perspective of the photon, no time has passed. Does this mean that the photon exists at its origin and destination and at every point in between simultaneously? Does it mean that its destination is fixed at the moment it was generated, even though that was millions of years ago, long before my retina was even formed? Would that imply predetermination or could it imply that my act of observation caused the photon to be emitted in a distant galaxy, millions of years ago? Either way, time, space, and causation must be synthetic and ideal or billions of stars in distant galaxies simultaneously emitted photons destined to terminate in my eyeball. That's pretty weird.
It's super strange. We actually did a whole video about this: ruclips.net/video/ZGoDK18b3LE/видео.html
Many black hole have strong magnetic field, right? How do they generate them if it can't be a current inside the b.h.?
The magnetic field is coming from the environment around the black hole.
Wow. Cool. Thank for your quick answer! You are awesome.
+Fraser Cain How long do you think it will be before suspended animation is a possible option for interstellar travel? Is this something that IBM's Watson could be trained to research?
Did you see this video? ruclips.net/video/VfmOnqh9vyA/видео.html
Oh, whoops. No I hadn't. Thank you for taking the time to respond! I love your videos!
Frasier - An asteroid?!? How bout a whole planet? Or even - a solar system?
Sure, if you've got a spare planet kicking around to use as a spaceship.
Funny enough you should say that...:-) Look what we're riding around on...:-)
what do you think of games like Space Engineers or Kerbal Space Program? what did they get right and which level of civilization would those games be at?
I really enjoy KSP and I talk about it quite a bit in my videos. It actually would be about our technical level, it's just that it has a political system that's willing to spend whatever it takes to colonize the Solar System.
How are those asteroids that are mostly big chunks of metal formed, what process brings so much of the same rarer elements together into a solid chunk without randomly mixing with a lot of other stuff?
For the metallic ones, it's thought they might have been from the core of a protoplanet that was smashed up billions of years ago.
Impressed with the Pixel 🤥👍🏼
+Neil Porter love this phone!
me too really envy you!
How plausible would it be for a generational ship to be sent to explore the cosmos?
Developing a ship and the systems that could last for generations would be quite the challenge.
If dark matter interacts with normal mass just by gravity, than shouldn't dark matter have an effect on black holes too? Like any kind of pull on them?
Sure, dark matter pulls on black holes like any other mass.
If the density of dark matter is homogeneous, what effects is this likely to have on chemistry (inter-atom bonding and such), if any? Seems like it should, by pushing each atom apart, extending the length of bonds and as such their energies in the process.
I'm confused, are you talking about dark matter or dark energy? Dark matter are these invisible particles that don't interact with regular matter except by gravity.
If she's not seen it Karla might like PBS's Deep Look channel - macroscopic videos of life.
Definitely have, they do amazing macro videos. They're a huge inspiration.
Is it possible that Andromeda is much closer than we can see because of how long the light takes to reach us? So how do we know it's going to merge with the milky way in 2 billion years?
Yes. I am not a mathematician, so I might have made a calculation error.
A few quick googles gave me this number: it's 2.537 million light years away, and moving at us at 250000mph (or 111.76km/second). Given a constant speed (doubt it, we are accelerating towards Andromeda), we would be approximately 3524463360 km closer each year, or about 8941563544320000 km since the light was emitted.
This means that it is actually about 945.12 lightyears closer then we can perceive (unless the distance to andromeda number given by google accounted for the actual distance rather then the perceived one). Irregardless, that number is rather negligible on the whole, given that 945/2537000 is virtually no difference.
It's only a tiny little bit closer than what it looks like. It's going to take billions of years to get here, while the light has only traveled for millions of years.
If Dark Matter consists of small particles similar to neutrinos, wouldn't they either have escape velocity and not flock around galaxies, or not have escape velocity and eventually fall into the gravity wells of celestial bodies, just like regular matter?
We still don't know how they formed. Neutrinos are formed in stars and then they zip away, but the dark matter was there right at the beginning.
Heavier Elements... it was my understanding that there is one types of star when you are talking about element formation: super nova, and ones that form black holes do not... The super nova's explosion puts out an enormous amount of energy and matter, blown off of the iron core of the dying star, and in the instant that the star dies, there are two things going on: matter falling towards the core, and matter which has nowhere to go, or else has "bounced" off the iron core and is racing outward into the incoming matter. It is this collision of matter that forces the heavier elements to form, and within the extreme force of the event, and the split second timing of all that matter being in one place, new elements are blown clear of the gravity well and spew out into space as the core cannot hold onto anything more due to the lack of more forces to hold it in.
In the case of a black hole, this would not be true, even the iron core could not stop the force of gravity bringing in the massive amount of matter and it folds into an even smaller space, curving space/time, and thus beginning a "hole" which we see as the event horizon. In this case, gamma and x-rays are emitted in a last blast before all of the light emissions, even in the higher bands of the light spectrum, are gobbled up by the hole, never to be seen again. For the Black hole, there would be no heavier elements or anything related to matter escaping as the space around the massive sun seemingly "gives way" into an empty place where light emission once occurred.
Not exactly, there are different kinds of collapsing stars. Some go full supernova and blast out their elements while forming a black hole. Others just collapse directly into a black hole. We did a video about this: ruclips.net/video/O5Q2WoldNyo/видео.html
So awesome, I will watch it *Immediately!*
There is 'dark energy' everywhere. Even between the Milky Way and Andromeda, though their mutual gravity is stronger, so as they get closer to each other the amount of dark energy between them will decrease. Those that mean they will actually more together faster?
Yes, there's a little bit of dark energy trying to push Andromeda and the Milky Way apart, but it's nothing compared the gravity pulling them together.
Ok, so neutrinos can go through lead pretty easily, but what about something more dense like neutronium or quark-gluon plasma?
The denser the material, the harder they'd have passing through it. But I don't know the precise distances. :-)
Fraser Cain Hmm... Ok, one more! If neutrinos can go through stuff easily its hard to shield yourself against them. Is there any military application for neutrinos? Either as weapons or as a kind of radar..? Just spit ballin, here.
Dear Q&A.I kinda figured out how to beat the speed of light with a giant space piston contraption. If enough pistons maybe even 1 million or more of them just 4 meter long and able to expand with more than 1m per second. Then both end of the piston would be moving at speeds above the speed of light. However i think the strain from the expanding would somehow rip it apart. But lets just say it did not. Would it not work?
I understand the idea, you've got a light-year long pole and you move it, aren't you moving faster than the speed of light? The problem is that information still can't go faster than the speed of light. So you won't see that you moved it (or feel what it bonks into) until that information has traveled at light speed along the pole.
well its close think like this instead = as a pistonNow take ============================= and expand those at a timed speed so they all expand at the same time._-_ then do it with a whole lot of them. Then both end would be moving so fast it would exceed lightspeed. Then you could in teori launch probes that could give us further information about whats out there faster :Dhowever i know its an idea so far out there. Its never going to be made. But since pistons can use stored energy easily. i see them as having great potential to further their use in space.
But thx for your reply, i never thought of there being a limit to information speed, seems kinda silly but i am no scientist. So i dont know. :D I do know the thought of precieved time. But thats just thinking like all others, think of a fly faster than your eyes. It would see thing move fast. but time still just as slow as ever, since its reaction time is much faster than ours it precieve time differently.
Do you think that a working and feasible nuclear fusion reactor would make space travel much cheaper?
Absolutely. You could use the fusion to thrust material, or you could create electricity that runs powerful ion drives. They would be great for space exploration.
What does it mean that universe is lopsided? Some parts of universe are accelerating faster than others?
Great question, I'll tackle this in a future video.
I’ll try again. How can that small Missle looking thing continue to go downwards towards any moons oceans when the cable behind it would be locked into the ice? Would that cable be heated as well so the ice can not grab it as it freezes solid for miles behind it because you have spoken about this before & you always say the cable would be frozen behind the probe attached to it but then how is it supposed to go down if the power cable is frozen solid into ice which will stop anything from moving?
The wire spools out from a big roll inside the probe.
6:30 While some scientists may cling to the idea of MOND or something like it, they can't explain existing observations without *ADDING IN* something functionally equivalent to dark matter. So even if MOND is correct, there is still also dark matter in the viewer's room right now.
+PhysicsPolice the gravitational lensing observations are very precise now. MOND has a lot of work to do to catch up.
Dear fraser. Just a thought that has crossed my mind last week. Decided to make it a question, hopefully for a q&a someday.
When a star goes supernova it happens insanely fast. The fusion stops and the rest of the star collapses in on itself at 70% of the speed of light. Now I'm wondering about the relativistic effects during this spectacular event. I haven't done the math, yet. A second reason I got this idea in my head came from an explanation I got about a so called "planck star"... saying information isn't lost in a black hole, but its a heap of stuff frozen in time untill the black hole evaporates.
But since gravity affects spacetime by slowing down time as gravity gets heavier, the centre of the sun is actually a few hundredthousand years younger then it's surface. So this had me thinking. We assume a star's collapse is insanely fast from our point of view, but doesn't gravity itself slow down time? And then there's the time dialation effect of matter moving at 70% of the speed of light... what if a camera was present in this mass, how long a video would it record during this collapse?
Hope you, and others, like this question. Have a great day and thanks for all the great videos!
To summarize: to us a supernova seems instant, but how long would it take if you were there inside the star recording this because of the gravity affecting time and the relativistic effects of matter moving at .7c?
Oh wait... that's the essence of a black hole isn't it. Time stops.
15:44 No Man's Sky 2.0
Well, as long as they finish 1.0 first.
How close together are stars at the core of a Globular cluster?
Much much closer, often within a few light years of each other. There's about one star within every 100 cubic light-years, which doesn't sound like much, but that's much denser than the rest of the Milky Way.
Could you annihilate a black hole by feeding it (a lot of) antimatter?
Interesting to think that we are in the infancy of life in the universe, maybe we are the advanced aliens we are searching for.
The best answer to the Fermi paradox, in my opinion, is that we're first.
Personal question - What type of movie do you like to watch?
I like all kinds of movies, sci-fi (of course), dramas, documentaries, all kinds of stuff. I just watched Baby Driver and loved it. Haven't seen many other summer movies yet.
I thought Jupiter was saving our butt by catching and snaring various asteroids in it's gravity, stopping them from coming our way. I probably got it wrong but I always thought of it as a catchers mitt preventing fast balls from rocketing into the inner system.
Jupiter also swings some of the asteroids right as us! so it kinda evens out
Jupiter is both a friend and enemy. Here's a video we did about this: ruclips.net/video/J9cQdpoNY4M/видео.html
How far away do objects need to be apart from each other in order for dark energy to be strong enough to push them apart?