Why Paris was Built Like a Snail | Arrondissements Explained

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  • Опубликовано: 3 фев 2025

Комментарии • 323

  • @Hiro_Trevelyan
    @Hiro_Trevelyan Год назад +558

    Nice video but you missed the real reason why Paris is shaped like a snail : originally, they were supposed to just add the new arrondissements. But the rich people from the now 16th would have been the 13th arrondissement. Back before Paris got enlarged, there was a saying : "getting married in the 13th arrondissement", which didn't exist then. It was a way to say "a common-law marriage", which was not very good looking for the rich living of the would-be 13th. So they forced Haussmann to change the plans and that's why the 16th is not the 13th and why the arrondissements got redesigned in a circular way.

    • @frenchthot
      @frenchthot Год назад

      Rich French people ruining everything for ego

    • @GagaMEFr
      @GagaMEFr 11 месяцев назад +5

      @user-ft6cx7lk4k no, because 16th was not part of Paris before Haussmann, so ...

    • @novianovioTV
      @novianovioTV 10 месяцев назад +5

      Great video. Just what I was looking for. Many thanks. @ hiro trevelyan or whatever your name is: yiu will be taken notice of if you start by praising the effort involved rather than launching into a garbled criticism. That would be like me saying it’s (la) percée not persée as stated in the video (breakthrough, break, opening). See how I didn’t do that?

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      ⁠@@GagaMEFrAbsolutely, agree, BUT it is not that the 16th was not part of Paris, the 16th did not exist at all until 1860. It was villages (Auteuil, Passy…). See my other comment.

    • @GagaMEFr
      @GagaMEFr 28 дней назад

      @ I really don’t agree with this because the 16th existed before and had passy as an administration name Passy, with many buildings and Faisanderie for example was an important market

  • @MiniVidon
    @MiniVidon Год назад +202

    I'm a born and raised Parisian and I learned a lot from this video ! Really well written !
    Those old pictures were a nice found too
    Thanks

    • @jtcorey7681
      @jtcorey7681 10 месяцев назад +1

      Visited Paris last November. It was wonderful and the locals were terrific. Very nice people. Want to go back!

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      As a Parisian you needed a video to learn about Paris ? Shame on you !

  • @richarwalker
    @richarwalker Год назад +104

    I loved your strong use of maps and photos to tell the story of Paris. It would be nice of see a bibliography and sources for the photos you used. Your visual illustration using the colored string was simple and effective. History and Geography go hand in hand, so you video helps bind them together, which is very helpful for those of us you are visual learners. Thank.

  • @NovaVanBuren
    @NovaVanBuren Год назад +73

    In French we say "c'est la zone" to mean "it's a mess / it's dangerous or sketchy" and now I know why!

    • @fredericlepeltier3435
      @fredericlepeltier3435 10 месяцев назад +9

      Et le mot "zonnard" (un peu viellot) à la même origine.

    • @NovaVanBuren
      @NovaVanBuren 10 месяцев назад +4

      Ah oui bien vu je n'y avais pas pensé !

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 6 месяцев назад +1

      « C est la zone » originally refers to the part of Paris that was near the former defensive walls (enceinte de Thiers), a non edificandi place where slums were erected. That was « la zone ». Now it is social housing (easily recognizable red brick buildings). « C est la zone » does not mean it is a mess, it means it is a rather dangerous low class place.

    • @NovaVanBuren
      @NovaVanBuren 6 месяцев назад

      ​@@solangelauthier2381yes originally, but since then the meaning has evolved a lot

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      @@fredericlepeltier3435Zonard

  • @ernstalbert3699
    @ernstalbert3699 10 месяцев назад +4

    Ich war schon oft in Paris und habe mich natürlich mit der Geschichte dieses Ortes beschäftigt. Dieses Video ist auch für "Kenner von Paris" sehr lehrreich und hat mir eine Menge Tipps für meinen Nächsten Parisbesuch gegeben.

  • @nespppp
    @nespppp Год назад +48

    As a Parisian, I'm glad to have stumbled upon this video!

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      @@nespppp As a Parisian you needed a video to know Paris ?

  • @CarolusMagnus98
    @CarolusMagnus98 Год назад +20

    Correction : 4:42 Phillipe Auguste is actually the first to ruler to sign as King of FRANCE (Rex Franciae). Until then they signed as King of the Franks (Rex Francorum) (though it was not phased out overnight) as a lingering of a time where kings/chief ruled over a populace rather than the land they lived in per se. See the Wisigoths, Vandals, and Ostrogoths kingdoms as similar cases of germanic people ruling over former land from the crumbled Western Roman Empire.

  • @lhumanoideerrantdesinterne8598
    @lhumanoideerrantdesinterne8598 11 месяцев назад +12

    In case you're wondering about the name the "farmer's general" wall had nothing to do with actual farmers. Instead, it refers to the practice of "farming" taxes, that is, the State selling the right to collect taxes on its behalf to private individuals so that it doesn't need to do it itself. In France, these individuals came together in an organization known as the "Ferme Générale" hence why the toll gate where they collected taxes got that name.

    • @franc9111
      @franc9111 11 месяцев назад +1

      Yes absolutely right - also known as - les Fermiers Généraux.

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      ⁠@@franc9111 Ferme est à rapprocher du mot fermage (on paie en argent) - à l opposé du métayage (on paie en nature - une partie de la récolte).

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      @@franc9111Les Fermiers Generaux were tax collectors. Le Mur des Fermiers Généraux, démolished 1860.

  • @mvkgroup
    @mvkgroup 4 месяца назад +3

    Hey @BrightTrip, this is a fantastic explanation of the history and the shape of the city of Paris. I live here for the last 2 years and your video really helps me enjoy even more the city. As a marathon runner, I typically run through different routes in the city, now I will pay more attention to what I see, and I will be able to explain a few new things to my friends and fellow runners when we are out there wandering the city. Big THANK YOU !!

  • @francoisevassy6614
    @francoisevassy6614 Год назад +62

    Thank you very much !
    I have lived 61 years in Paris and I liked your work.
    About Paris annexing many villages under Napoleon III do you know that they got a problem with the names of the streets : each village had its « rue de l’église » and « rue de la mairie » which had to be renamed, not so easy !!!

  • @ob0273
    @ob0273 Год назад +36

    Can you do Prague and Vienna next time? They are both really popular among tourists, so both are quite interesting in my opinion.

  • @thierryfromgwada9312
    @thierryfromgwada9312 3 дня назад

    Quel travail de recherche incroyable !!!
    J'ai appris tellement de choses.
    Congratulations !! 👍🏾👍🏾👏🏾

  • @itsmeebz
    @itsmeebz Год назад +12

    Been looking forward to a Bright Trip video explaining Paris' city map layout and urban planning! Awesome work.

  • @TheAurelianProject
    @TheAurelianProject 10 месяцев назад +5

    This actually does a great job of helping to teach how to read Paris on a map. Now I don’t feel so intimidated to look at it on the map.

  • @speedybeef
    @speedybeef Год назад +14

    Really well done video, just the right amount of depth

  • @LashanR
    @LashanR Год назад +23

    Awesome video Driaan! I've been to Paris maybe 9 times now and learned the history of the city going through Musée Carnavalet, and this was way more informative than that 😂

    • @driaan_louw
      @driaan_louw Год назад +2

      Thanks bro! Maybe one day we can hit some museums together.

  • @alanilor
    @alanilor Год назад +14

    This is a fun video, and very engaging. I appreciate learning more about the development of the city. I'm still curious about how the arrondissements themselves were laid out and how their borders were decided on. And how the numbering system came about. I'm grateful to have discovered this video by the algorithm. Good luck to you!

  • @xiaofan1228
    @xiaofan1228 Год назад +4

    After a week tour in Paris, this video shocked me once again with the giant history background. Thank you very much !

  • @Henk270747
    @Henk270747 2 месяца назад

    Excellent exposé! Beautifully presented! Thank you!

  • @AmrutaRanade
    @AmrutaRanade Месяц назад

    What an incredible video!! Thanks so much for sharing!

  • @grasacramento6718
    @grasacramento6718 Год назад +4

    Brilliant history of Paris and its geography and city development. WOW. Thank you.

  • @jan-toreegge9252
    @jan-toreegge9252 Год назад +4

    So glad I discovered this channel (thanks, algorithm). This is exactly how I like to structure my thoughts when travelling.

  • @cathyjustcathy785
    @cathyjustcathy785 10 месяцев назад +1

    I'm in the process of planning a week in Paris so this was a real find for me! Well done educational video of the city, thank you!

  • @monicacall7532
    @monicacall7532 21 день назад

    Having visited Paris and read a lot of history about it this topic is often not mentioned. Thank you for answering a question that I’ve had for a long time.👏

  • @narasimhaavatar
    @narasimhaavatar Год назад +3

    it was just amazing. for some reason, I cryed from internal joy.
    thak you for a great work

  • @tjshapiro2677
    @tjshapiro2677 Год назад

    As someone who has no real plans to travel to paris anytime soon but has heard of the arrondissements and been very confused by the system, this was super cool to learn!

  • @frankschmitzer5824
    @frankschmitzer5824 Год назад +2

    Wonderful explanation of growth of Paris, la Ville des Lumieres. I loved it. Thank you so much. Not only is Paris the City of Lights, it is the City of Dreams!

  • @charvaka9526
    @charvaka9526 Год назад +11

    A couple of corrections: million (in French) is not millions in English. Thousand. @ 6:20 1300 BC should be AD , Anno Domini, or CE, Common Era. 1300 BC is 100 yrs before the fall of Troy.

    • @christophehorguelin7044
      @christophehorguelin7044 Год назад +5

      Millions in French equal millions in English. (It’s billions that differ.)

    • @WSEDT-re6mn
      @WSEDT-re6mn 11 месяцев назад +2

      Million is the same in French (it came from French into English btw). But English "billion" is "milliard" in French.

    • @charvaka9526
      @charvaka9526 11 месяцев назад +1

      @@christophehorguelin7044 yes, thanks. That's what I meant to say.

  • @ВікаГурина
    @ВікаГурина 10 месяцев назад

    Great educational video, everything is explained in a clear and interesting manner. Thanks a lot!

  • @thomasduplessis3568
    @thomasduplessis3568 Год назад +9

    So well researched. Good stuff 👌

  • @Jugabaza
    @Jugabaza 9 месяцев назад +1

    This was so well-produced and I learned a lot. Thank you.

  • @peterixon8708
    @peterixon8708 10 месяцев назад

    Great video. Really enjoyed it. I especially appreciate the suggestion about guides, like Hilary Matson and the Thatch creators. Been to Paris twice; I plan to use the Thatch people next time.

  • @blurds
    @blurds 11 месяцев назад

    Yessss, I walk past a part of the wall on rue de louvre every day and I've never understood how or why the wall would be such a weird shape. Makes sense now. Merci.

  • @Amer99927
    @Amer99927 Год назад +5

    Love this series.
    Could you make a video on Delhi, the city built over 8 times? It would be a great watch too..

  • @bbpete8349
    @bbpete8349 Год назад

    Very thorough and I like the map-driven aspect plus the old pictures! Thank you. I've been to Paris several times but knew I had only scratched the surface of this city.

  • @RomanBaranovic
    @RomanBaranovic 7 месяцев назад

    great video, i have been in paris few times, makes me to go again and look for new places with better understanding. really goood job.

  • @theresamay9481
    @theresamay9481 5 месяцев назад

    Excellent video! Loved the history of the city. I have a map on my wall. Been there four times but didn't get to explore all that I wanted to. Next visit

  • @momofnine199
    @momofnine199 Год назад

    Excellent history/geography lesson about our favorite city! Thank you!

  • @LesFrenchiesTravel
    @LesFrenchiesTravel Год назад

    very well done, thank you. I learned a few things about my city

  • @ktprd2999
    @ktprd2999 Год назад +1

    Loved this Video. Won't be looking at Paris the same way now as a local too! Thanks again!

  • @amehak1922
    @amehak1922 Год назад

    Hillary is adorable, especially her pronunciation of French 🥰

  • @chinita_doll
    @chinita_doll Год назад +2

    My favorite city in the world 🇫🇷 and country too 🇫🇷💙

  • @sebastianconti8361
    @sebastianconti8361 9 месяцев назад

    Great video, loved the explanation. Such a rich history!

  • @elidamaggi7098
    @elidamaggi7098 10 месяцев назад

    Saludos desde Santa Fe, Argentina 🇦🇷
    Very interesring vídeo. 🌟

  • @sethchomout
    @sethchomout Год назад +1

    First of your videos I’ve seen. Great content, but I really loved your sponsorship integration, it was so much more helpful than most.

    • @BrightTripTravel
      @BrightTripTravel  Год назад

      Thatch is great...go check them out for sure.
      www.thatch.co/geo/france/paris?

  • @christopherdieudonne
    @christopherdieudonne 11 месяцев назад

    Really great video. A super concise and entertaining way to learn about Paris.

  • @jrochanetto
    @jrochanetto Год назад +1

    Thank you! I've learned quite a lot here. Keep up the good work!

  • @pierren___
    @pierren___ Год назад +2

    The city is so dense 😍

  • @elitettelbach4247
    @elitettelbach4247 Год назад

    There were a lot of interesting points in this video! That one map that showed the windows and trees was super cool!

  • @craigcook9715
    @craigcook9715 Год назад

    Great video! I lived for most of a year in Paris, when I was 14 (a VERY long time ago). I lived in 17eme, near Guy Môquet Métro. My father was on sabbatical from his position at an American university. I went to a private bilingual school, as my French was non-existent at the start of the school year. I even walked over to see Sacré Coeur and Montmartre a few times.

  • @SubaruDark
    @SubaruDark Год назад +4

    Très bonne vidéo, très bien expliqué

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      @@SubaruDark Non. Le titre déjâ est faux. Paris n a pas été construit comme un escargot du tout. La forme en spirale (escargot) est juste le système/la logique (probablement inspiré des suites de Fibonacci) qu Haussmann a utilisé pour réorganiser Paris après l annexion des banlieues en 1860.

  • @roberttrickey2135
    @roberttrickey2135 Год назад +1

    Thanks for the video. It’s interesting and I like how clear it is that you explain the walls. At 6:20 you make a mistake and say that it’s 1300 BC for something and you mean A.D. Thanks.

  • @tking3
    @tking3 Год назад +1

    Awesome video. Beautiful and factual!

  • @rfulop
    @rfulop 2 месяца назад +1

    Just a nitpick, that's not 1300 B.C. but 1300 A.D at 6:20. Otherwise, this is a great primer on the history of Paris!

  • @alexpaivacardoso
    @alexpaivacardoso Год назад +1

    That video was amazing ❤ Thank you so much. I learned a lot 🙏

  • @mistermclaur9205
    @mistermclaur9205 Год назад

    A well detailed video for all English speaking wanting to dive into Paris history

  • @Duole188
    @Duole188 6 месяцев назад

    It's agreat presentation style,and easy to understand.

  • @SherriSLC
    @SherriSLC 8 месяцев назад

    At 6:19, the caption says 1300 B.C. and I think what you mean is 1300 A.D. (or C.E. for common era, whichever is your preference). But the Notre Dame was not constructed in 1300 B.C. (or B.C.E, depending on your preference).

  • @christao408
    @christao408 Год назад +6

    Great video. No apostrophe in the title, please. Thanks!

  • @deanpride889
    @deanpride889 Год назад

    This is the best video ever.

  • @stephanedaguet915
    @stephanedaguet915 Год назад +4

    At 17:35 it is not "persées" but "percées" (breakthrough) ... Persée is Perseus, in Greek mythology he is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty ... the pronounciation is exactly the same but not the meaning.

  • @gleb4059
    @gleb4059 11 месяцев назад

    What a big job you've done. Appreciate it! Could you do the same type of a video about Prague?

  • @Garret1Fabregas
    @Garret1Fabregas 10 месяцев назад

    1. Pronunciation.
    2. Conciseness.
    3. Start - Mid - End plot.
    4. Original enthusiasm.
    Other than that good.

  • @Hoakaloa
    @Hoakaloa 4 месяца назад

    Merci for a good recap of the history. @ 6:21 the caption "1300 B.C." should be AD or CE I think.

  • @sly5346
    @sly5346 Год назад +1

    Love the maps 😍 👌

  • @raffaellalisoni8515
    @raffaellalisoni8515 10 месяцев назад

    This is the best video I have ever seen

  • @jakubsantora5736
    @jakubsantora5736 11 месяцев назад +1

    Could you please do a similar video about Prague?

  • @denisemarino3021
    @denisemarino3021 10 месяцев назад

    Really ejoyed your historical presentation. Thank you.

  • @Elysa1224
    @Elysa1224 6 месяцев назад

    Brilliant video! Thank you.

  • @fredericlepeltier3435
    @fredericlepeltier3435 10 месяцев назад

    One of those "percée" was not completed, but as the numbering of building was already planned, la rue de Rennes, lowest number is 41 were as any other street it is 1 of course.

  • @johnsokoll
    @johnsokoll 11 месяцев назад +1

    Possessive would be “its”, no apostrophe, rathern “it’s”, which is a contraction of “it” and “is”. So, How Paris Got Its Shell

  • @etbadaboum
    @etbadaboum Год назад

    Superbly made video!

  • @lisabethklein
    @lisabethklein Год назад

    Awesome video! I loved this

  • @LJ_nowandalways
    @LJ_nowandalways Год назад +1

    If you read The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Victor Hugo gives this exact same lecture!

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      @@LJ_nowandalways Impossible as Notre Dame de Paris was written in 1831 and Haussmann extended Paris only in 1860. Unless Victor Hugo was â clairvoyant…

  • @aldonozza6926
    @aldonozza6926 Год назад

    Thank you for this amazing video !!

  • @jacquelineazure
    @jacquelineazure 4 месяца назад

    Fantastic video

  • @PatParvum
    @PatParvum 11 месяцев назад

    Fantastic history of Paris. Thanks

  • @death2pc
    @death2pc Год назад

    Exceptional presentation. Spot on correct. Nonpareil.......... Seriously. Big applause!!

  • @insulaarachnid
    @insulaarachnid Год назад +2

    This was such an informative video. Where did the Parisians displaced by Haussmann's buildings end up living?

  • @joshnunez518
    @joshnunez518 Год назад +1

    This was so interesting and informative! I learned so much. Thank you for taking the time to create this masterpiece 🤌🏽

  • @900tks
    @900tks 8 месяцев назад

    LOVE this 🙏🙏🙏

  • @Vanessa_Thiriet
    @Vanessa_Thiriet 5 месяцев назад +1

    Take note that the Hundred years war was actualy between two french dysnaties. No english were involved.
    It was a war of succession between the Valois (from north east France/Paris region) and the Plantagenets (from big west: Normandie/Anjou to Aquitaine). They were a kind of cousins. Plantag. were the rulers of England but their homeland was west France. England was just a conquered territory by William the conqueror, their ancestor.
    Peoples/knights of Plantagenets were all "old french" speakers (french named, french titled, born in France), but "ruled" England after the franco-normand conquest by William against the Anglo-saxons. So obviously no Anglo-Saxon or English was going to help this ruling Franco-Normand dynasty who had stolen their territory in 1066! It was even in their interest that the Plantagenets lost the war against the Valois and be weakened.
    Much later (1500), this French ruling class will be replaced In England by a Scottish dynasty I believe.

  • @joaquin.f
    @joaquin.f Год назад

    Great video! Do one with Barcelona, please!

  • @RuanMighailPienaar
    @RuanMighailPienaar Год назад

    Awesome vid!

  • @ranbanbam
    @ranbanbam Год назад

    Isn't this the company Johnny Harris founded ? The love for maps is clearly showing !

    • @BrightTripTravel
      @BrightTripTravel  Год назад

      That's right! Johnny is one of the cofounders of Bright Trip 😊

  • @AThirstyPhilosopher
    @AThirstyPhilosopher Год назад

    Very interesting! Thank you!

  • @franklucemmerich2835
    @franklucemmerich2835 2 месяца назад

    Great video. Just saying: the gallo Roman wall on the Cite Island was not to protect against the Vikings who came 4 centuries later. But against the Barbarians from Germany. But apart from that it’s ok :)). Keep up the good work

  • @uhleka
    @uhleka Год назад +2

    well done!

  • @CreatewithSophia
    @CreatewithSophia Год назад

    Awesome video!

  • @tiborberzsian1732
    @tiborberzsian1732 Год назад +1

    You should do a map breakdown of Budapest the capital of Hungary

  • @Flobyby
    @Flobyby 11 месяцев назад

    When coming back from work, I ride my bike from the outskirts of Montmartre, where the fédérés kept their cannons in 1870 amongst the windmills, carefully avoid circumvent the hill that leads to the sacré coeur, built at the start of the 20th century for their atonement. I cross under the metro 2 tracks where the farmers General wall stood, pass the 2 train stations that used to be competing companies before nationalising rail in 1937, take the boulevard sebastopol south, pierced by hausmann through poor neighborhoods, until I reach the Saint Jacques tower built in the 14th century. I turn around the corner just to reach the Rue Saint Jacques (yes same Jacques) drawn by the Romans in the first century, passing by Notre Dame built over two centuries in the middle ages, and La Conciergerie where Marie Antoinette was emprisoned before she was executed. Going over the seine again I can climb up the Colline Sainte Geneviève on top of which sits the Panthéon where Voltaire, Victor Hugo, Marie Curie and Jean Jaurès rest. Still riding on that Via Superior I come by the longest running Observatory, juste before I cross the old farmers General wall by going over the metro line 6. On the right sits Denfert Rochereau where the toll houses still stand and the catacombs are accessible. I then cross the old quarters and villas of the stone careers to reach the avenue du Général Leclerc where the General entered a freed Paris in 1944. Somewhere on that path I also come by the place where I met my wife :)
    Overall I love living in a city with such a rich history. Be sure to walk or circle of you come here, otherwise you'll miss most of it :)

    • @BrightTripTravel
      @BrightTripTravel  11 месяцев назад

      Sounds like an amazing commute!

    • @Flobyby
      @Flobyby 11 месяцев назад

      @@BrightTripTravel it is, except for all the cars of course :3

  • @amfrance
    @amfrance Год назад

    Oh wow! I know someone in this video! Very cool!

  • @synkaan2167
    @synkaan2167 Год назад +2

    France was already up against the main European monarchies (who didn't much like the idea of a people beheading their king and changing their regime) BEFORE Napoleon came to power... So no, you can't really say that Napoleon managed to make most of the European nations his enemies, when in fact it was England and the main European monarchies that succeeded in forming several coalitions against France and refused every Peace Napoleon asked for.
    I mean yes, Napoleon was far from blameless, but to make people believe that the main responsibility for these wars lies with him is just to repeat the old Anglo-Saxon propaganda (a bit like Ridley Scott did in his film) and it's totally false.

  • @Headlinerio
    @Headlinerio Год назад

    Yassss! Love it! Way to escargoooot!

  • @Csakbetksszmok
    @Csakbetksszmok 11 месяцев назад

    1:36 we look always downstream when we say left and right bank : )

    • @Csakbetksszmok
      @Csakbetksszmok 11 месяцев назад

      14:07 battle of lipstick : D

    • @Csakbetksszmok
      @Csakbetksszmok 11 месяцев назад

      15:56 is that a horse tramway coach used as a house?

    • @Csakbetksszmok
      @Csakbetksszmok 11 месяцев назад

      the missing link from the description: ruclips.net/video/NUMx6taaOws/видео.html
      How the Paris Metro Works | Getting around Paris
      Bright Trip
      134K views

    • @solangelauthier2381
      @solangelauthier2381 28 дней назад

      @@Csakbetksszmok You always look downstream as a référence.

  • @marks6663
    @marks6663 10 месяцев назад

    Just a correction: It's has no apostrophe when it is used in the possessive form.

  • @GagaMEFr
    @GagaMEFr 11 месяцев назад

    I live in Paris 16the upper side 75116 for people that know well the difference with 75016, amazing district, best one in Paris so far, and left people gonna hate what I say lol ... we don't forget 21st arrondissement where we go always DEAUVILLE

  • @72tubedmiaz
    @72tubedmiaz 9 месяцев назад

    Great video

  • @MikeCaffyn1
    @MikeCaffyn1 Год назад

    Brilliant.❤

  • @bduffy1215
    @bduffy1215 Год назад

    Brilliant! thank you!