Heisenberg, Bohr: the Friendship behind the Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Theory
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- Опубликовано: 28 сен 2024
- The Copenhagen Interpretation was born of the friendship between Werner Heisenberg and Niels Bohr. How did they meet, how did their friendship change science and how did the outside world damage that friendship? Watch this video and find out!
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Cool video. I study at the Niels Bohr institute in Copenhagen. And have my experimental setup in the very old building where many of these ideas were made. Niels Bohrs office and the old auditorium A remains unchanged to this day.
Loved your video, as usual! As a physicist myself, I always felt like I didn't know anything about the human history of my own field. So I am grateful for videos like yours.
Glad you liked it, I feel it is so sad that we don't teach much history at all in our physics classes.
@@Kathy_Loves_Physics I've uploaded your videos as supplementary material for my Modern Physics course. Thanks a lot!!
I have no idea if it has been translated to English, but there's a great book in Danish: Det Udelelige ("The Undividable") describing this amazing period in physics that people still struggle to understand this day and age
I found the Copenhagen interpretation very fascinating, however I had no idea the history behind it. Amazing video!
Kathy, I am blown away with your passionate storytelling about Bohr etc. They inspire me and help me understand the importance of relationships behind the scientific discoveries - I love it. Very original and riveting.
Thank you so much. I’m glad you enjoyed it. Did you watch my video about the history of the Bohr model? I’m very proud of it.
This channel is an absolute treasure. Glad you have found it! 👏
You are right!
I find the personalities behind the science very interesting and you cover that topic as well as can be done in 15 minutes. Who are these people who can come up with such extraordinary scientific advances in a time when the horse was still a major form of transport.
Remember Leonardo designed helicopters. Science only requires freedom to think, which is why it declined under the Inquisition and why the Islamic world is now irrelevant.
Thank you for filling in so much of Bohr's personal history. I always respected him as a physicist, but was unaware of his heroism during WWII.
Excellent story, of how politics changes the curiosity of people and turns them into weapon making ideologues. This should be made into a documentary! Thank you for the lesson.
I think it might add a little more to the story if you also discussed Einstein and Heisenberg's disagreements on the inclusion of only "Observables" in a theory. In it, Heisenberg lays one of greatest burns in science history.
After some extra reading on Wikipedia I found something curious that was unknown to me - one of Max Born's grandchildren is Olivia Newton-John, i.e. Sandy from Grease! (among other things)
I have been tempted to mention that for about 2 months now, but it never seems to fit in the story.
Darn! I'm a week late with that fact.
That’s awesome. Great catch!
No wayyyyy!!
Let’s get physics-cal, physics-cal
Kathy, I love you’re videos!! It would be great if someone (hint) published a RUclips video each week entitled “One Hundred Years Ago This Week in Quantum Mechanics.” It would help slow learners like me. 😊
Absolutely stunning! I just started digging deeper into QM and this vid added so much meaning and fun to those theories. This is just awesome, keep up the good work!😄💎👌👌
Thanks Vishank. If you are looking into QM you might want to check out my videos on Max Planck and how he started this whole mess in the first place (or even the one on spectroscopy which started the whole blackbody radiation story).
Kathy, I love your videos. You have great enthusiasm for your topics! Your explanations link to the "why" of the names we had to learn!
Max Born was the grandfather of Olivia Newton John, and both Olivia and Albert Einstein visited Born's house often. Olivia's (and Einstein's) approaches were "Let's Get Physical," while Born's (and Heisenberg's) approach was "Let's Get Quantum."
This was an interesting topic, usually people don't talk about the history as much as the science, thanks!
Keep it up please, you have a beautiful way of tell these stories! You deserver a lot of subscribers.
Thanks!
It's not "Lip-sig", it's more like "Lype-sig". Otherwise - a subject that always fascinated me! Thanks!
Oh ...Kathy, your my favorite teaser. ( ! ) ... now I'm gonna have to watch your next video ! --- which I'm sure going to love as much as this one. (can't wait !) ..
Madam, Your Effort in research is a very great achievement in itself.
Awesome! Love your enthusiasm… and the depth of detail…. i am from Copenhagen! So love this story! Nice. Thanks!
Sooooo,,, interesting the history behind all this matter and this guys/gals...
and the way you put it is very nice and accessible,,,
now I must go... I need to sniff on all the videos you have already made... ;-)
Your channel is awesome Kathy!
Fascinating explanation!
Glad you liked it
The probability of finding the particle in the middle of the box is highest in the ground state which is a half sine wave. So, if we observe the particle in the double-slit experiment, we find it in the middle of the slit.
Her content is outstandigng
Will there ever be a discussion about how Erwin Schrödinger treated young women and girls?
Very interesting overview of Copenhagen. Who would have suspected the beauty to follow would be known as 'quantum computing function' and 'determinism'.
Hi Kathy! First of all I LOVE your videos and use them in my lessons, either for insipation or I show them in my lessons. At the end you usually ask what "we, the audience" would like to know more about. I was wondering about De Broglie and Schrödinger and their connection to Bohr and Heisenberg. I'm still a bit vague about how Heisenberg came up with his uncertainty principle and how Born fits in there. Maybe you could help me.
You make fantastic videos. I've learned from and enjoyed every one I've watched!
"Bohr's influence on the physics and the physicists of our century was stronger than that of anyone else, even than that of Albert Einstein."
- Werner Heisenberg -
Fantastic work, as always.
That's a fascinating story! I would love to see the fallow up!
11:23 his assumption is most probably right that the neutron is an electron and a proton put together. The SAM or structured atom model explains it clearly. I am almost through all the videos on the channel and of course i did not forget to hit the like button on all of them!
Thank you! Science, especially physics, takes a lot of work, but the history of it is splendid. Thank you! :)
Copenhagen Interpretation still taught in undergraduate introductory QM courses is what derails the young physics student from a foundational understanding of what the theory of QM can potentially tell us about reality. One exploration of a reality is through the (Everettian) Many Worlds Interpretation of QM, which Bohr vehemently rejected, but today is growing more acceptance in foundational quantum theoretical work.
Universe or Multiverse?
Thanks, great contribution for those who are trying to understand the basics of QM. To a certain extent It explains.well (the first part of the vídeo) why those who think or state they understand QM in fact just help to keep the crowd in the dark.
Glad you liked it.
*Kathy Loves Physics & We love Kathy*
Thanks
Love your content, Kathy!
Thanks! Glad you enjoyed it.
Love you and this. Thanks for the wonderfully informative content.
Thanks ❤️
I love the exposure of the interplay between the characters involved. When you beat your head over lines in a cold stolid text book and feel stupid for not seeing it as so easy - it is nice to see that the formulation wasn't so easy in the first place.
Great videos. One of the best popular physics series I am aware of. 👍
Wow thanks 😊
I love your videos, and you need not change a thing for my appreciation. In that spirit I would like to make one constructive remark. I think it would be good to pronounce Leipzig with a long I (Lie-p zig). This is not the German pronunciation, but what I believe is a more correct English pronunciation of a very famous city, Leipzig (the rule is: ei and ie combinations take the long sound of the second letter). Impulsively pedantic
Fabulous Kathy, thank you! The more of your videos I watch the more I start to understand the play, which has been made into movies, of course, one with Daniel Craig (007). I’ve never fully bought that Heisenberg did not think to explore the diffusion equation as portrayed in the movie, and therefore miscalculated the critical mass (as he described to colleagues in the secret farmhouse recordings). That he had begun to sympathize with nazi politics is believable esp. if his wife had that leaning. Thanks again.
I think it’s hard for us to admit that someone so brilliant in terms of physics and so personally charming could be OK with fascism. also, Niels Bohr was really difficult to understand even when he was just talking about motorcycles or a movie. He was just a brilliant but out there kind of guy so it’s easy for the story to get misunderstood.
@@Kathy_Loves_Physics I believe Niels pointed out that a lot of the argument boiled down to semantics and even tried to build a new vocabulary to handle the new science, and if it’s anything like my experience, the more I try with things like that the less I am understood, ha ha. As for the fascism, I agree 100%, but I’d point out that although heavily disguised the status quo in many democracies even today bear many of the characteristics of fascism. For example the degree of cronyism, and the revolving door between heads of government, of corporations, and military is fascist by some definitions. But the racism, and anti-semitism is not as acute.
Great storytelling of an amazing moment in science
Very good research and shows how co-operation can lead to scientific growth.
Summed up amazingly 💯
History itself is a science based on facts. Mythology is the art of story telling, not a lie but a useful story. We may never know everything about these physicists but you honestly state the facts. Thank you Kathy.
Not only are the names Bohr and Born similar, but also is the name Bohm. David Bohm's famous paper was published in Physical Review in 1952, many years after the Copenhagen Interpretation had stabilized. His contribution was to change the interpretation of the Schrödinger equation from being part of a set of somewhat mysterious axioms that had to be accepted on faith to being the root of a sensible and deterministic theory that could be understood without such a big departure from classical physics.
Between 1933 and 1939 Germany was the world's principal exporter of clever scientists, and there were indeed some very clever people. I wonder if it ever occurred to any of the Nazis or to Heisenberg that maybe there could be something wrong here.
Max Planck actually went to Hitler in 1933 and told him that he had to let jewish scientists stay in Germany or German science would fall apart and Hitler freaked out screamed so much that Planck decided that he was crazy and was gonna go away in a few months. Plank was a decent person who did not have the best political instincts.
thanks for your marvelous research
Great video! I'm sad it took so many years to come across your channel! Keep at it! :-)
If only Einstein accepted Quantum Mechanics and worked together with Niels, Born, Heisenberg, Pauli. Just imagine the amount of discoveries and theories that would have emerged from that collaboration
I think the story we were told about Einstein and QM is mostly false. Albert Einstein not only accepted much of quantum mechanics but actually created much of quantum mechanics and he was great friends with Niels Bohr. Honestly, I think the Einstein Bohr debates made QM.
Absorbing stuff and wonderful presentations!
In year 2002, BBC produced a film with Stephen Rea, Daniel Craig and Francesca Annis, based on the excellent play from Michael Frayn, about the famous meeting of September 1941 between Heisenberg and Bohr.
A televised production of the stage play of 1998 by Michael Frayn.
Kathy. Realy love your work BUT it is hard to follow your posts sequentially. Just watched "Heisenberg, Bohr: the Friendship ...." but not sure which is the second part that you allude to. Thanks
Very, very good indeed! Congratulations!!!
Hello from Copenhagen :)
What a great video!!!
Great talk - great tail hook!
Thanks for the great presentation! A question and a spoiler, nevertheless:
* Why is the character of Schrodinger dropped without elaboration? Central to 'Copenhagen' is understanding that his equation offers two solutions. My understanding, btw, is that it was Heisenberg that told his friend that this was okay. Bohr's 'Copenhagen' inclusion was that 2 solutions were necessary per equation.
* Kindly consider or research the possibility that Heisenberg sabotaged the bomb project as a passionate opponent of weaponizing nuclear energy. For example, his 'miscalculation' by a magnitude of 1000 that the bomb was not possible? Are you aware of the 43.5 lb pineapple lecture he gave while under voluntary detention after the war?
Lastly--and i confess to having seen your next presentation-- any conjecture as to what might have been said between 2 old friends is fictional. Therefore, it's only Broadway material suitable for making a point or 2 deemed provocative by theatre goers. It cannot serves as archival veracity.
The Copenhagen interpretation is quite low on my list, where I personally sorted interpretations that I know of (and that are not crack-pottery). While I assign a quite low probability that the Copenhagen interpretation is the correct one (if there exists a "correct" interpretation of QM), I am not sure what interpretation I should pick as the most likely. There are numerous reasons to pick one or another, depending if I take the philosophical or mathematical/logical approach. While e.g. the pilot wave theory would be so nice philosophically, I must discard it for its logical inconsistency, not the mention the mathematics. I "hate" the many worlds interpretation philosophically (mostly because it tells me very little to nothing about "my" world), I like its simplicity and logical consistency. I can only hope there is another me that likes it. As a logical consequence, there is a high probability that there is an infinite amount of mes, who like it. And this I do not like. Funny, right?
Quantum mechanics is utterly bewildering when it is first encountered, and Niels Bohr's ideas are a first step in helping us to make some sense of it. That is why the Copenhagen Interpretation deserves a chapter in every textbook, while other interpretations are best left out to begin with. However I don't think Copenhagen is the last word on the subject. I would like to be able to do computer simulations which make use of a random number generator and where I can do numerical experiments with antimatter before considering real experiments. The Copenhagen Interpretation gives little guidance on what to do, and if it is identified with logical positivism, then it could be telling me not be curious from the very start.
Thank you for such a great content
Thank you.
Great work at least we are getting not only physics but it seems we are immersed in that time 🙏🙏🙏
Wasn't the wave-particle thing resolved by deBroglie (another fascinating character) and his deBroglie wavelength for a particle?
One of my undergraduate lecturers, Walter Kellermann, was a pal of Born - together with the spy Klaus Fuchs.
Wow! We forget that it wasn’t that long ago
Excellent présentation, however the contribution of Wolfgang Pauli is much more significant.
Love from India ❤️
Only if they knew, this mystery wouldn't be solved even 100 years after, and the Copenhagen interpretation would still be in use...
I guess they'd be shocked :) And wouldn't be so disappointed they couldn't solve it :)
This is the best fairy tales for adults. I'm working on Calculus 2. Thank you!
Human history of theoretical physics! Thats great
Love from India..like the vim..
A Neutron as an electron-proton pair makes sense, since a neutron decays into an electron and a proton. There is a group today working on developing what they call the Structured Atom Model, built on the simple classical premise of an electron, a proton and a neutron, which is an electron-proton pair smushed together. Like others such as Prof Unzicker out of Germany, they feel the modern model of the atom has become a convoluted jumble of ad hoc adjustments.
I love your videos, as they reveal so much about the people involved and this for me has profound context. There is , in my opinion a lack of philosophy in modern science.
fantastic
en física antigua se podía representar un punto o con una base discreta o con una base continua y no se veía el movimiento aunque daba lugar a la gravedad y electricidad , cuando hay movimiento aparece lo que llaman mecánica-cuántica que es solo una parte de una representación
You need to work on your pronunciation of Leipzig. I studied German, and it grates.
It does not really take away from your excellent video, but is something I notice.
I never get Bohred with your videos.
That is terrible, just terrible. You should be ashamed of yourself :)
Oh, and the same for place names. Liepzig is pronounced "Leepzig" (sorta) not "Lipzig".
Most interesting
A fine post - very interesting and very clear. But one little thing that bugs pedantic listeners - could you try and get the pronunciation of names a bit better? It is especially annoying to hear "Werner" mispronounced. It's pronounced "vairner" (sorta).
Excellent
Excellent!
Thanks
I like the electricity song..😁😁
I want to watch this because it's so informative. But I can't, because you refuse to pronounce the umlaut in Schrödinger. It's scratching the blackboard in my head!
3:42 actually the equivalence was proven by Paul Dirac.
Good video, thanks :)
Great
How did WWII change the relationship between Bohr and Heisenberg?
I am a Quantum Mechanic. I have no use for any philosophical interpretation. I just do the Math and obtain the Transition Moment I need.
Ona Chaplin and Olivia Newton -John are both successful actresses both their grandfathers knew Albert Einstein. Max Born was an ace
I finally learned something from a video about the Copenhagen Interpretation (or as I call it: the [only] wrong interpretation).
sehr gut!
Thanks (and thank you Google translate)
heisenberg looks and feels more like tom holland
The driving idea behind Heisenberg's quantum mechanics actually came from W. Pauli. I know the stories that some would have come from cph, but that is essentially just the correspondence principle and that one needed a generally new physics. So qualitative ideas that weren't very special or unique.
I wonder, frankly, whether one should ramble like you about such history without any background in natural science. At least state your sources pls. Selling unreferenced statements as bare truths does not do good justice to the discipline of historical science either.
...is it possible that Heisenberg sabotage his own work towards the A-bomb (?) ..to keep it from falling into the hands of Hitler.. ?!? ---there was an accident in his lab, where he almost lost his life with his assistants.
to discuss with Born his idea born out of his discussions with Bohr... Pardon me while I just sit here under my desk in a fetal position rocking gently back and forn... I mean, forth! 🤪
Also, it seems it's impossible to mind *both* your Ps and Qs, the more you mind one, the less you mind the other!
EDIT: Finally, wasn't Heisenberg eventually proven right that neutrons are "smooshed together protons and electrons" as proven by the existence of neutron stars, which indeed result from the gravity pressure forcing the electrons into protons?
9:20 was that Elon Musk in back row?
It's Copenhagen, not Copenhegan. You must be kidding. Hey you can replace the thumbnail anytime you like. I see that in the years you've not considered fixing this. I can tell your information is really trustworthy since you must be so familiar with Copenhegan. Whatever that is.
You must be kidding, after all the work and skill in this video ALL you care about is SPELLING? Sad.
@@Kathy_Loves_Physics I didn't watch it, for obvious reasons. Proof reading is a thing. When you publish things, proof reading is advised. If you put as much care into the rest of the video as you did the proof reading, then I don't need to see it.