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North East Electronic Constructors
Великобритания
Добавлен 24 сен 2020
Welcome to the North East Electronic Constructors channel!
This channel is intended for anyone interested in home electronics, building circuits, practical fault finding, help with building kits, experimenting with radio RF (including Ham radio), computer talk, C and ASM embedded programming and generally getting your soldering iron out and having a go! The primary intention here is keep the practical element of home electronic construction alive! This is our video channel for practical building demonstrations and tutorials. Intended mainly for beginners or intermediate level constructors, although we do sometimes go much deeper!. And always trying to keep it fun :)
If you like our content, please click LIKE and SUBSCRIBE to the channel. That really helps. And as always, thanks for watching. Paul - G0BZY.
This channel is intended for anyone interested in home electronics, building circuits, practical fault finding, help with building kits, experimenting with radio RF (including Ham radio), computer talk, C and ASM embedded programming and generally getting your soldering iron out and having a go! The primary intention here is keep the practical element of home electronic construction alive! This is our video channel for practical building demonstrations and tutorials. Intended mainly for beginners or intermediate level constructors, although we do sometimes go much deeper!. And always trying to keep it fun :)
If you like our content, please click LIKE and SUBSCRIBE to the channel. That really helps. And as always, thanks for watching. Paul - G0BZY.
A.I. - Artificial Intelligence Writes C Source just with prompts! - Arduino GPT3.5 GPT4 OpenAI
In this video, we explore what A.I. can do for us as software writers. Can it create software source code from scratch?. (spoiler - yes it can) What are the possibilities, is it good or bad? A 'super tool' or a job killer? I share my thoughts at the end of the video. Share your comments below, what do you think of all this?
Just by using some simple prompts, we request C source code for a target device ATMega328p to carry out a specific task. Compile it, upload it and then run it on a target board.
We explain a little bit about GPT3.5 and GPT4 developed by OpenAI and test out a few examples for the Arduino Duemilanove board.
A.I. progress is happening so fast right now. So it's hard to keep...
Just by using some simple prompts, we request C source code for a target device ATMega328p to carry out a specific task. Compile it, upload it and then run it on a target board.
We explain a little bit about GPT3.5 and GPT4 developed by OpenAI and test out a few examples for the Arduino Duemilanove board.
A.I. progress is happening so fast right now. So it's hard to keep...
Просмотров: 273
Видео
Building a Magnetic Core Storage Interface from Scratch! Arduino, Design, Schematic, PCB, KiCad
Просмотров 530Год назад
In this video, which is a continuation from the previous core store video, we take our old Fuji core storage device from 1967 and design a custom interface to read and write all of its core bits. And then we interact with it on a PC using a custom GUI application. We design a custom board starting with a concept for the design, then schematic and then a PCB which we populate and finally test. W...
Retro 60's Core Storage Memory - basic explainer. Lets get this core store working!
Просмотров 743Год назад
In this video, we take an old core storage device from the late 60's and create a test setup circuit, first using Symetrix circuit simulation to design a way to communicate with its cores. We then build an interface and together with a PC, see if we can set / read bits from this device from the past. We cover the basic principles of how a core store works (without going into any maths or great ...
Populating and testing a newly finished PCB : Reverse Engineering a 1980's 6502 CPU card
Просмотров 1,3 тыс.Год назад
In this video, which is the final conclusion of the 1980's retro 6502 repeater project, we get to populate the new PCB, apply power and finally test its functionality. There is a small design modification made and we check the clock frequency on a frequency counter. Lets power this thing up! If you found this video interesting - please give us a THUMBS UP! and Subscribe. That really helps us. L...
AutoRouting in KiCad - Rat Lines to final PCB design : Reverse Engineering a 6502 CPU card
Просмотров 18 тыс.Год назад
In this video, which is a continuation from the retro 6502 repeater project, we take a look at auto routing using KiCad PCB Editor. We use the Java application FreeRouting.jar to create new tracks automatically. The FreeRouting Java app is available within the LayoutEditor software package here: layouteditor.com/ You can install that package and then simply locate and copy one file : freeroutin...
Convert a Schematic Drawing to PCB using KiCad : Reverse Engineering a 6502 CPU card
Просмотров 7 тыс.Год назад
In this video, which is a continuation from the retro 6502 repeater project, we take all our hand written diagrams and notes and transfer them into KiCad Schematic Editor and create a final diagram. Then, we start to create a new PCB for the repeater project! Again using KiCad. We are basically going to reproduce the repeater PCB from the 80's into a newly designed board. We show the final sche...
Examining a PCB and drawing a Schematic Diagram : Reverse Engineering a 6502 CPU card
Просмотров 1,9 тыс.Год назад
In this video, which is a continuation from the retro 6502 repeater project, we are reverse engineering our 1980's PCB card to schematic. This is the first step - we are making a rough pencil and paper diagram and then make corrections as we go. By tracing PCB tracks and looking at data sheets, we can begin to build up a full schematic of the computer board. This will lead to re-drawing the sch...
Reverse Engineering an Eprom (6502 repeater) to readable Assembly language using a Disassembler
Просмотров 7 тыс.Год назад
In this video, which is a continuation from the 6502 repeater project, we are reading in the raw binary from an Eprom and eventually converting it into a human readable format - Assembler code. To do this, we are using a disassembly application called SourceGen. We show the whole process here rather than splitting this into two videos, here is the complete video in one go. Its over 50 minutes l...
6502 CPU based Amateur Radio Repeater project - back from 1986!
Просмотров 700Год назад
In this video we take a look back to an old hand made 80's project of an amateur radio repeater. Here we get the 6502 CPU based repeater back in operation and we will eventually, in the following videos, reverse engineer the whole thing from scratch. Schematic, source code firmware and even design a new PCB!. If you enjoy the process of looking at retro computer designs or reverse engineering c...
Practical Soldering For Through Hole and SMD for beginners
Просмотров 3793 года назад
An introduction to practical soldering techniques for through hole and SMD PCBs. Using a traditional soldering iron and a hot air re-work station. We also talk about different types of solder and some other tools used to solder and de-solder components to and from PCBs. This is meant to be a beginners guide giving a broad range of information but more experienced electronics technicians may fin...
(Part 2) Microcontroller Interrupts with Contact Debouncing for the Arduino ATmega328p
Просмотров 4173 года назад
In this video, part 2 of our beginners microcontroller C programing series, we go further and introduce the concept of an external interrupt. We also cover what contact bounce is in switches and buttons and how that causes problems with false interrupt triggering. We show two examples showing both a hardware solution and a software only version to de-bounce a switch and allow the interrupt to w...
(Part 1) A Beginners Introduction to C programming for the Arduino development Board
Просмотров 1513 года назад
An introduction to programming microcontrollers in C for beginners. In this first of two videos, we write some source code to flash an LED on and off. Then compiling the code and sending it to an Arduino development board. The target microcontroller chip is the ATMega328p. Its a line by line explination for first time C programmers. In Part 2 we then introduce the idea of an interrupt ISR and d...
Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Просмотров 4453 года назад
A basic introduction to microprocessors and microcontrollers. In this video we first take a look at the internals of a microprocessor including the Instruction Decoder, ALU, Program Counter, Registers, Data buffer, Addressing, Clock and Interrupt logic and see how that works. Then we look at microcontrollers and discuss the difference from a microprocessor. Later we get a more practical look at...
Logic Gates Explained - An Introduction for beginners.
Просмотров 2583 года назад
A basic introduction to logic gates. We first cover some theory using simple switches and a bulb and introduce truth tables for each basic gate. Then we try some practical examples with some 74xx series TTL chips and check the results. AND NOT NOR OR NAND EXOR.
Introduction to Spectrum Analysers, basics for beginners.
Просмотров 2,4 тыс.3 года назад
A basic introduction to spectrum analysers. We start with some basic theory about the dBm scale used to display signal amplitude and then look at two practical examples; first testing a 2m radio using an IFR1200s test set and then measuring a signal source using an SDR Play RSP1a.
Oscilloscopes explained, basics for beginners
Просмотров 1803 года назад
Oscilloscopes explained, basics for beginners
(Part 2, Practical) Introduction to Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. With Ohms Law
Просмотров 513 года назад
(Part 2, Practical) Introduction to Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. With Ohms Law
(Part 1 Theory) Introduction to Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. With Ohms Law
Просмотров 423 года назад
(Part 1 Theory) Introduction to Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. With Ohms Law
The Lamp Bulb Trick - Also known as Dim Bulb. Checking for shorts when repairing mains equipment.
Просмотров 2463 года назад
The Lamp Bulb Trick - Also known as Dim Bulb. Checking for shorts when repairing mains equipment.
Introduction to Bench Power Supplies. Basics of Linear and Switch Mode types.
Просмотров 1783 года назад
Introduction to Bench Power Supplies. Basics of Linear and Switch Mode types.
(Part 2) Adding the other components to the board to complete the 555 flasher circuit
Просмотров 4303 года назад
(Part 2) Adding the other components to the board to complete the 555 flasher circuit
(Part 1) Building a simple 555 timer LED flasher circuit on Vero board
Просмотров 2,2 тыс.3 года назад
(Part 1) Building a simple 555 timer LED flasher circuit on Vero board
Introduction to PCBs, and proto boards. Including Perf Board and Vero board.
Просмотров 6343 года назад
Introduction to PCBs, and proto boards. Including Perf Board and Vero board.
Whilst trying to get up to speed on KiCad, I've watched a lot of Tutorials and this is by far the most useful video I have found online. The AutoRouter is an amazing tool and I've not seen this anywhere else. Many thanks!
That core memory module was used in a Facit 1125 made by Sharp. It was also branded as an Addo-X 9958 and Burroughs C3350. I have the Facit model that isn't working. (Core module SN: 8070015). Hopefully I can fix it.
I see now on your other video you mention the Sharp Compet 32. I have never seen the insides of one of those, and I believe not many made it out of Japan. But it most likely used the same module as the Facit was based on it.
Hi, Yes they all used the same core module. Including the Sharp Compet 32(CS-32A) which i understand was the original design. Very interesting that you have the Facit 1125. Hoping to get one myself one day to reverse engineer. Good luck with it and thanks for watching.
Pretty amazing to watch it working the puzzle. I see no reason this cannot be done to perfection with the right coding.
Just bought my second 1200S. Great instruments..
What if I am doing RF tracks and need curvy tracks. No hard angles ?
Hi. Yes its possible. Check out the features of v7. And it may be a plugin needed to do that. Plenty of RF designs and EMI compatible projects completed with KiCad. Good luck!
This is incredible
Thank you very much de w0it
Autoroute creates ugly layouts. They will fail in EMC tests and reduces producibility. Very seldom used in professional field.
I understand what you are saying, but for my project, it was just what I needed. At the very least it's another option.
Very interesting, thank you!
I see in the shematic there are 4 nand gates that are part of a 74ls00 chip. When the schematic is imported into the pcb layout they are replaced by the pinout for the package. Can someone point out where this is explained? wher do the breakout symbols come from and how do they get related to the package symbol?
Hi, the schematic symbols, also have associated ''footprints' as they are called and are all stored in the KiCad part library. When you add a part like a 74LS00, you get 4 gates, each with a letter (a,b,c,d) this indicates which gate in the package you are connecting to, and with pin numbers also shown for that gate. Those pins then translate to the PCB footprint and KiCad does that automatically once placed in the PCB layout. Hope that helps.
IT HAVE NO SOUL !
ha.. just go manual.
Great vid. For some of the “youngsters”, who started using computers after core memory was no longer the standard. Occasionally, you would get what is called a “slow bit”. The ferrite core wouldn’t flip to the opposite direction within the allotted time of the write cycle. One place I worked had this happen. Obviously replacing one ferrite core, in the field, was not possible. Sadly, I don’t remember what the manufacturers engineer did to remedy it. It seems like we were able to proceed with processing after the engineer worked his magic.
This is an excellent video, thanks so much for taking the time to make it. Now I understand how db's work! Thank you.
That MinPro looks like my XGecu Pro.
Great instruction. Very helpful. Thanks a lot.
hi mate could you be having schematic for this project
Very nice project. I have exact the same memory module since 1985 or so. After seeing Curious Marc's video's about core memory I wanted to connect my module to an arduino. Your video is very helpfull. Perhaps I can find the energy ( due to long covid not much energy )building my own version.😊
Thats pretty cool that you have the same module. These are quite rare now. Some history checking shows these came from desktop calculators from the late 60's. Would be interested if you know what it came out of in your case. Like the Sharp Compet 32(CS-32A) or 33A. But there were a few other brands using the same boards inside. Sorry to hear of your long covid. Good luck.
@@NEEC1 I worked for the Sharp dealer in the Netherlands. Didn't repair the old compet calculators so didn't know the module came from a compet. I repaired the modern calculators an cash registers. A colleage gave me the core memory module. After searching the internet some time ago I found one same module in a Japanese museum. Thanks for your reaction. Have a nice day.
You should connect any inputs of unused gates or inverters to either VCC or GND. Floating inputs may cause the device to oscillate.
Hi. Thats true for CMOS inputs where the input pins can float, putting the gate into an undetermined state. Possibly leading to some kind of oscillation. However, we are using LS series here which are not high impedance input. Its fine to not connect them in this case. They are internally biased (pull up) to high.
You missed a trick with the video title, mention Arduino and magnetic core memory and the hits will go up. Everyone loves Arduino and obscure applications. Great explanation and implementation.. 👍👍
Arduino added!
The days of over clocking made easy. 😄😄
Excellent video. Thanks!
Should have filled the empty space with a NOP slide for if it ever got out of your loop.
I want a 1200S, i already have the 1200SRA and would swap my Marconi 29555 for a 1200S..!!
I'm not sure, if auto routing is ready to go. Even this is possible since some decates, the results are not impressive, due to the lack of absence of information in the netlist. I guess the result will not perforne pretty well in EMI for example.
It really is amazing,
Where is the fun in this? Just an excuse for the lazy elements to learn nothing but obtain code and pass it off as their own.
Cool!
A full project! from magnetics to pcb to coding ! Great you can store a sentence in magnetic cores!
wauw that"s something i always want to do...
Thank you.
Good job excellent content👏
Really well explained, thanks. I need to disassemble some MC6802 so looked at the 6502 as there is more info and videos on the more popular cpu. The general idea is the same.
Very well explained, THANK YOU
I have found, that with Kikad, the reason that the Ground plane does not fill all of the area's like in your video (it does it to me) is because the routing of the traces, leaves those area's without free access to GND. You will find, upon looking, that the area's are completely surrounded by traces, or even socket pad clearances. I put a ground plane on the bottom layer and it did this.
Next challenge get the rest working. Do a dump of the core!
Hi Paul, Kicad as of recently included FreeRouting as one of the Plugin options. Check it out, makes it quite a bit quicker and more seamless to use.
If you setup all your netlists and constraints in advance (power trace thicknesses, special signal net clearances etc) FreeRouting will take this into account and adjust accordingly.
Hi there, well thats great news. Must be very recent. I was using the latest release just a few weeks ago and it was not included. Will investigate!
I didn't see how you took your pencil written schematic and made it into the digital version. I'm new to KiCad and trying to replicate a board but the learning curve to do that is very steep.
Hi Michael. You are right. The video was already getting quite long and wanted to get the point. I had to miss the process of manually entering in the schematic from paper. It really is a process of getting all those bits of circuit (multiple bits of paper) and one by one entering it in. Its a process but eventually you get the whole schematic. I may do another video specifically on schematic entry if there's enough interest. Thanks. And good luck.
Why not use a 1MHz crystal and a couple of inverters? If present and available of course...
Hi. Yes it could have been done with a 1MHz crystal. But i chose a simple RC arrangement to do the job simply to reduce costs. And the NANDs were already there, so no need for inverters. But yes, that would have been an alternative way and much better precision for clocking frequency if it was needed. thanks.
Takes me back a few years. Back when I was in 6th form I had an Acorn Atom (the machine before the BBC computer), and no printer. The college had an old KSR33 110 baud RS232 terminal. I knocked up a level shifter from an op amp and a couple of lab power supplies, hooked the printer vector to some code I wrote to convert parallel to serial, wrote a 6502 disassembler in BASIC and printed out a dump of the Atom ROM (4K in size IIRC). Software and hardware have improved a bit since then😊 Sorry I didn’t see your correction in the description for the previous video, they don’t show up on an iPad unless deliberately clicked.
Beautiful work .
Erm, the Raspberry Pi is built with a microprocessor, not a Microcontroller. While the Broadcom chip is considered to be a system on a chip, it doesn’t host RAM, ROM etc, and most importantly from a Microcontroller point of view it doesn’t provide deterministic execution time. The ARM Cortex A series processors are designed to run code as fast as possible (using high internal clock speeds and cache memory). The ARM Cortex M series are designed to provide deterministic performance (they always take a given number of cycles to execute a given piece of code) and have on board RAM and ROM. The Cortex R series are specialised to handle real time tasks that require immediate response.
I stated that in the description Steve (point 2).
I enjoyed the series of videos for this project I am fortunate I own a licenced copy of Orcad 17.4 professional although a steep learning currve it makes the job a lot easier looking forward to another series of videos like this one
Thanks, glad you enjoyed the series.
I see U2 and U3 power pins does not have ant pin numbers but the wires are coming out this is confusing to anyone reading the schematics also the processor U1 would have probably been better upside down with pin 1 at the bottom of the pcb but keep them coming you're getting there
The 2k7 resistor is to stop the nand gate driving the DLatch signal inputs from floating if the two diodes anodes are logic 0 Also the way I approach reverse engineering is to use a database and spreadsheet. List all the components on the spreadsheet ie R1 R2 C1 IC1 etc then put the pin numbers in ue pin1 and pin2 for R1 (decide what is pin1 and pin2 for all discretes ie pin 1 is left or top and pin 2 is right or bottom diodes is obviously cathode and anode the ic are where the database comes in for example the 6502 has 40 pins you could search for 6502 in your database and then copy the result to the spreadsheet in the form of ic name 6502 in this case the pin number pin 1 pin 2 etc the pin name D1 D2 ADDR1 ADDR2 etc then what type of pin it is ie all the data pins just put DATA all the address pin would be ADDR when the spreadsheet is complete you can use the filter function to just filter all the DATA pins and this should highlight all the pins that are DATA ie the processor the eprom and ram once you see what the pins are you can quickly check with a multimeter what pins are connected between these devices once you've proved a connection exist you can give the net connecting these connections a net name such as D1 D2 etc this quickly eliminates a lot of the nets. power nets are quickly eliminated in this way obviously at the end you will be left with a few component pins that are not connected for example the 3 address lines going to the 72ls138. The way that you approached this card is fine for such a simple circuit works fine but for modern electronics where the components are surface mount and the pcb layer count is more than 2 my way would be quicker I hope this makes sense to you but overall, the video was enjoyable
HI there. The purpose of the 2k7 is a pull down resistor forming part of a logic NOR gate. That NOR enables the output port D-latches, its basically its write signal. Without the 2k7, the input of the NAND would remain high when the diodes are at zero. When i designed this back in 1986, i could have used more logic chips to get the same result ie. actual NOR gates, but wanted to keep the chip count at a minimum. So i opted for a simple diode logic NOR here instead. Two diodes and a resistor eliminated a whole chip. Hope that helps. Thanks for your interest !
Big thumbs up for getting it working!
Let me see let me see, lol
Wow great stuff Paul. PM with who you use as the fabricator
A bit behind on these, nice to see what you done. Old skool board has a look. Nowt like that anymore. If thats a inch and a half smaller I would like to see what an estimation of the man parts is :)
Nice intro to KiCad!