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Thanks for the feedback! Typically, its not just dose rate, its total amount of dose that causes trouble. In other words dose rate multiplied by time. I know that's not terribly helpful but another way to look at this is look at the background （typically 100 to 200 nSv/h). This is safe for a literal life time, put simply you cannot avoid it anyway. If you take a long haul flight, you will be exposed to around 30x that but only for the duration of the flight. If you have a chest x-ray, you will get a dose rate of around 100000x background but for a fraction of a second. There is a useful chart here that you can download. www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Radiology-Safety/Radiation-Safety I hope that help to answer your question?

@@project-326 Thank you

Thank you, the stunt-bots were really cool to hang out with on the set.

Thank you kindly!

Thanks for the feedback, it all drives the algo... Well, its one of those things, I could spout on about why I think it is better, and preach (never a good thing). We could have a long conversation about freedom, idealism verses pragmatism, but frankly that isn't going to help anyone to learn anything new. My only advice, next time you are considering an overseas holiday, perhaps add a couple of days to visit here and see for yourself. Love it or hate it, at least you will have seen it first hand.

Hi Charles, Its because everyone needs to do something different, otherwise life gets very boring. As of today, 7859 subscribers think that different is better and given that this is a fairly new channel, that is not too bad. Anyway, thank you for your feedback, agreeing to disagree is the mark of a civilized conversation. All comments are gratefully received, with the exception of hate speech and deliberate disinformation...

UV will be back soon, I'm sure she will be pretty hot too! Tks!

I didn't change it, we have two thumbnails running a YT experiment test. I'm sure you saw a couple of months ago that new concept being advertised to content creators? I know what you mean about getting closer, but for this source, its not really necessary but rest assured, later we will be trying some other CMOS sensor experiments and might need to get closer. Have fun with the Thermino software, it is a pretty interesting concept with more uses than just particle detection... And finally, I want to thank you personally for the inspiration to add the "seeing beta" experiment to this video, you reminded me that I had already done this experiment 6 months ago, thank you! I hope to be seeing more videos from you soon!

@@project-326 Thank you for the kind words. I wasn´t really aware of the "two thumbnail experiment" so i thought i was trippin :)

Don't worry about the haters, Arthur has a words for those folk, call sign foxtrot-oscar... I'm gonna have to dream up some interesting brem experiments.

My personal history was ZX80, then ZX81, followed by BBC model B. Once you own a Beeb, you will be a hardware engineer for life that has a strong background in firmware. Elite was the best game every made, even Arthur agrees!

x-ray. Hmmm, sweet!

thanks for the feedback! I'm planning to measure the spectrum of the Brem in a later video. Yes the sparks were generated in the air, but I am based in a tropical region of the world, so need to be cautious on the distances.

​@@project-326 I didn't know that regions of the world would have something to do with how dangerous the sparks are? Can you elaborate on that? I meant, can you also use your spectrometer on the sparks? Because I, for once, thought that it was due to blackbody radiation but I believe we should see discrete peaks if it's due to recombination of electrons. It would be interesting also to compare it with the radiation that is due to the burning of butane (generally in gas cylinders in India), in that case, it's due to blackbody radiation. It would be a nice demonstration of two different process though which light is emitted.

@@jayrashamiya2810 I just mean that in higher humidity, the normal assumptions about the distance to ionize air are not the same, ie the HV spark will occur at a lower voltage.

For check sources, it's often best to look for old military counters on the second hand market that have a check source included. Sr-90 (a beta source) is the most common, Cs-137 (gamma) is pretty hard to get hold of these days. Am-241 from an ionization chamber smoke alarm has a few weaker gamma lines (29/60 KeV) as well as the predominant alpha emissions. Am-241 buttons from a smoke alarm will give you a source to test pretty much most counters. As for safety, for small sources, distance is the best shielding. I have a lead container and keep it in a small safe away from anywhere that I normally spend time. in terms of distance, anything over a meter is fine in terms of a good distance from your stored and shielded samples. always try and keep the Inverse square law is on your side... A cloud chamber does sound like fun.

Thank you for the comment, rambling helps the algo and frankly it was all useful information. I have a good ZnS:Ag scintillation plate, I can get a very feint blue glow from alpha (half a dozen Am-241 buttons) but I don't get any response from this Sr-90 beta source, even in direct contact and with long exposure photography. One of these days I will take the plunge and buy a reasonable detector that has a good pancake detector, but need to save the pennies for now. Where did you get a C-14 source from? I will look into Skyshine.... I hope you have a good experience with the FS-5K, for a cheapo device, it's not too bad. It doesn't have all the flashy features but kind of does what it says on the tin.

thanks for the interesting feedback. As far as our limited understand goes (and that is one of the reasons we want to conduct some more experiments) Bremstrahlung emission happens during inelastic scattering, ie when the charged particle loses energy (ie decelerates), the magnet that did the deflection didn't take (or add) any energy to/from the electron. So, I think this is a case of elastic scattering, rather like the the example of beta back-scattering (not sure if you saw our video on that on the channel). I think that the electron needs to actually strike something with mass to release Bremstrahlung? The main reason we do these experiments is to show what WE have learned, more of a learn-with-us, instead of a pupil/teacher relationship. So, please to keep up with the interesting questions, the mind needs good questions to be able to find new answers.

Actually you're right about this. Besides the fact it's called bremsstrahlung, every change of the electrons trajectory releases bremsstrahlung. The scattering within matter is just a side effect, bremsstrahlung can also be released in a vacuum by applying a strong enough electric/magnetic field. So acceleration/deceleration as well as change of direction (which is also change of the acceleration vector) will release bremsstrahlung:). Also not super deep into that topic but you could be right definitely. I can't tell how much x-rays would be released and my guess is that it's quite low if even undetectable. The underlying theory would support it tho and colission with matter is just the indirect cause of bremsstrahlung.

@@project-326 Thanks!

wow, your a lucky dude to get one of those for $50. Did you get any interesting experiments done with it?

@@project-326 Not yet, since I want to see first if I can get the machine to work. Then I will tear it apart, there is a excellent video by mikeselectricstuff (UK?) on taking one apart. The Canadian government surplus department sold me a Victoreen 190 with alpha, beta, gamma probe so I now can actually do some experiments with reliable results. It is amazing what provincial and the federal government sells at their auction sites. BC surplus was selling functional airport x-ray machines a few months back, wife said NO (-: wonder why

I need to find one of those! Ni-63 is a great, soft beta minus source! It's not as energetic as C-14 or Se-79, but definitely more energetic than H-3 or Re-187. I do know that the LND 7317 (500 V) and LND 7311 (900 V) will detect the endpoint energy (67 keV) beta particles of Ni-63. I'm curious as to how low the energy-to-activity ratio would be for certain mica-window detectors-using low-energy beta minus only sources. So far, at least for me, ~ 50 keV is about the max it will detect, with a "decent" efficiency. For the LND 7317 and LND 7311, the efficiency for C-14 is ≈ 3%.

yeah, certain sections of the robot community is up in arms about it. I had to promise that I would give equal treatment for 'sexy male' robots in a future video. Arthur isn't happy about that...

@@project-326 Best to Arthur your content is incredibly well presented keep up the good work.

I appreciate that!

its all electromagnetic I suppose... :-)

@@project-326 I mean one at a time to influence the distribution of the dots on the sensor. You could put the beta source on the end of a sealed tube to give it some distance to have an effect. Then set up a electric field with your HV generator across the tube. If you wanted a longer tube you could evacuate the air.

Is this supposed to be a reference regarding liion/lipo batteries? :D

it might be a reference to how 5G generates dangerous radiation? 3.6eV is clearly below the intro-neuron energy boundary...

​@@project-326 The nominal voltage of a phone battery is 3,6V. Thereby, a single electron flowing out of the battery must get accelerated to 3,6eV of kinetic energy

@@leandroebner1405 Nominal is 3.7V

@@project-326 depends on the cell chemistry. I have seen everything from 3,5 - 3,8V. Commonly 3,6 or liion and 3,7 for lipos

Thanks for the feedback. No robots were harmed in the making of this video. The issue with deflection, using an electric field is that the electrons emitted by the source, start off with an average of about 800 keV of energy, so deflecting these with 8 kV isn't going to do much to them. Over a period of about 6 months, I have repeated that experiment with 3 different arrangements to try and find just one that would show some kind of results...

@@project-326 yes, they start off with this energy, but as you stated yourself, they also quickly loose energy in air. But of at an energy of 0.8 MeV the range in air is about 3 m, which means they don't loose that much in their first couple of cm. Still I believe that you should see a difference if you used a narrower baffle at the source and a slit at the detector.

thanks for the feedback and encouragement! I am going to be trying some more experiments with that technique...

Glad you enjoyed it!

There was quite a lot of measurement application that was 'beta powered' back in the day...

Or a proton either. :-)

@@project-326 Well, at least, the Proton tastes Sour

Thank for the feedback. I tried searching for th Si-8 and didn't find anything that I can get from CN...

can you give us a url for the Si-8? Thanks.

@@project-326 They are Russian made and plentiful before the war. I bought mine out of Ukraine on eBay a few years ago. Message be with your address and I’ll try to send you one to test.

I found mine on eBay before the war and they shipped out of Ukraine.

Thank you very much for this. I am trying to save up for a camera, so this will help. To date, all of the videos on this channel have been filmed with my cell phone...

Thanks for the feedback. Yes, experiment #1 (sigh). I ran that one several times, with different configurations over a period of 6 months. More work went into that one than the rest combined! I have hours of footage from all of those experiments. Yes, there was a slight increase, but I also tested with the electric field reversed and the same thing happened, so its not actually a deflection taking place. I think that either the high electric field is partially ionizing the gas in the GM tube of the counter, or perhaps messing with the counting circuits of the crappy Gamma Scout.

Glad you liked it!

the issue is going to be that the spectrum of Brem is going to be determined by the energy of the incident electrons, I'm not certain, but I think that the target material will likely just cause a small spike from inelastic scattering. But maybe that is a good thing to show as well!

Noted!

Instead of just stating that, giving reasons and maybe even suggestions would not only be helpful, but would distinct a comment like that from pure subjective negativity from well-founded criticism.

@@leandroebner1405 Who told you that pure subjective negativity is forbidden? Haven't you noticed I express MY opinions, not yours. My opinion, in this case, was sure purely negative. And opinions, by deafult, are OF COURSE purely subjective. Would you like me to express MY purely negative opinion about the level of your smartness? 🤣🤣🤣

nice idea

Funny you mention the beta battery concept, I tried this quite extensively and got no results. The issue is that you can't just use a normal PN junction for this, its a very special semiconductor 'sandwich'. There is a British twat (forgot his name) that has a video where he put a AM-241 button next to an NPN transistor die and claimed it was a beta battery - complete BS...

@project-326 Why not convert it to light using a phosphor I saw that video, and it hurt me on a personal level hearing alphas called betas, but it's not like a million people are making interesting videos on radiation like other topics like gaming or sports so hopefully it sparks another youtuber to make a similar video

@@The-One-and-Only100 That's a very good question, something I considered some time ago. The fundamental reason that my brightest Sr-90 source cannot light even a really sensitive phosphor is that although the electron energy is high, the number of electrons is tiny, compared to a really low current in a CRT. If I assume that my Sr-90 source has an activity level of about 50 uCi, so I will probably get about 20uCi on the window side, it is just sooo many orders of magnitude less electrons than just 1uA of acceleration current in a CRT. I tried with a ZnS-(Ag) fluorescent screen and it was a total disappointment. I have a small LYSO crystal arriving tomorrow, but I think its beta sensitivity will be close to zero.

We have really been wanting to build a cloud chamber for a long time, but something always seems to get a higher priority...

​@@project-326 make a simple one with dry ice

It moves back and forth. If you put some one way vents on it, then maybe, just not in outer space, since there isn't enough air.

of course!

Alpha tubes are really expensive, it drives me nuts that I can buy a fully fledged gamma ray spectrometer for the price of an alpha sensitive Geiger counter... If you get the Raysid, please do let us all know your thoughts on the device, I have not tested one of those yet... The form factor is great.

@@project-326 True, I think I’ll get Raysid. I’m lucky to be Polish, Raysid is produced in Poland and there’s one second hand offer for 420 EUR. I can make a blog post to compare it to my 103, as a hobbyist.

The sound isn't the loudest, but there is a better solution. In this video I used only the cap. If you look on this channel you will find a video about a FW upgrade, which give very decent volume level clicks... You are correct, there is almost no difference between the M4011 and the J321. I hope that helps!

The Russian one used an actual GM tube, so it really worked with gamma... Thanks for the feedback!