Yes but, millions in tax and decades wasted again and he admitted it will produce nothing useful, IT'S an EXPERIMENT, like those colliders. What a joke ! Go see practical inventor like Stanley Meyer or Nicola Tesla, I'm sure you will learn much more and enjoy.
Just view uTube's , " David Adair at Area 51 advanced symbiotic technology " and weep at this scam of searching for control of fusion . David built a functioning magnetically contained fusion engine at 17 !
I don't get why this Guy in the front bottom left is filming all of this. Someone should tell him about RUclips and also tell him to just pay attention to the speech instead of recording it and never looking at the footage again.
Great talk, enjoyed this. However, the space shuttle was not designed with an ablative heat shield, it did not melt. Most space capsules designed for reentry into earth's atmosphere use an ablative shield, but the space shuttle used tiles to insulate the vital bits and radiate as much heat away as possible.
Kudoos for the guy presenting this project..very clear and understandable for a non-technical dude. Ihope they got their equations down and get this beast working. There are some interesting promises for fusion in the near future. This ultra intense laser project the scientist are working on is also promising and ready within the coming decade.
Finally someone explains clearly "putting 50 mega watt in and getting 500 mega watt out", instead of just talking about technical details and asking for money.
When I was a Science Student Assistant back in 1984 at a famous Nuclear Research Establishment, My friend worked on what were called 'kicker magnets' of the Joint European Torus, which was the project to create nuclear fusion !
It's wonderful to see the world working together to challenge a great technological project like this. If only we could see more of this, more often. Also, I really hope fusion becomes a real source of clean energy in the future.
You might want to read up on electro-magnetism, morphogenic fields, and radiation in biology. These devices are destroying the fabric of life. Calling them "clean" is pure ignorance. PS. No one is working together as much as you'd like to naively think. There are already "free energy" devices in private labs. You and most others will never have access to these types of technologies unless the masses are able to figure it out themselves. Until the corruption is gone, all of this technology is meant to control you and keep you as a slave in ignorance. I'm tired of naive kids that don't understand how the world works and think everyone has each others best interest in mind.... wake up.
Seriously, I don't know how you guys function in reality. It must take a colossal amount of compartmentalization to keep all your crazy beliefs in check.
@@BM-qb3oo Yep, those who have figured it it are told very soon, to stop or face the consequences. Bedini was visited and he toned down his work. Stanley Meyers, the inventor of the "water car" was poisoned soon after his successful demonstration was put on TV. Many other inventors have been thwarted, either by threats or elimination.
@@BM-qb3oo The funny thing is, I used to be like you thinking in "conspiracies" like that. Thinking of this so called "elite" and their "mind control" of earths population etc. But i've slowly come to realize that yeah we are being manipulated in some ways; in the news for example, theres a lot of misleading information out there, but not in that total mind-control-big-industry music and tv shows with hiddin meanings kind of thing and governments working in secrecy to control us. But more in that; there's corrupt and greedy ppl out that with lots of money and influence only thinking of themselves and not using their ressources in developing humanity, only few do: Bill gates, Elon, paul allen is what comes to mind, and they have made huge contributions to humanity. if only every person in power were thinking like these men, we would have a different world today. What changed my thinking? Reading into and understand history, understanding how things are really run and how to influence it, and finally the critical thinking and trying to see every side of things i've learned throughout my gymnasium years, and now continuing on in university. I've come to realize how important education is and how important its content and availability is aswell as methods of teaching it properly. That is why the US is what it is today, because its education is not optimal and university is not free. Just my two cents. Greetings from Denmark
@@N00B283 Who's talking conspiracies kid? Be careful what you ignore. Technology is the trump card that will exponentially accelerate the separation and suffering to higher levels than at any point ever in the last ten thousands years, and probably a lot longer. You will see the corruption staring you straight in the face and no one will be able to ignore it any longer. Maybe you're given up like everyone else and accepted you're just a slave and can't do anything about it. That's what it sounds like to me. That's even more dangerous and a bigger problem than the corrupt and psychotic people that control governments and companies. The people are suppose to keep the checks and balances. Instead they prop up their masters up in ignorance. Tell me how amazing all this technology and medicine is, when the majority of people will never have access to it because of greed, politics, and money.
I have been working on this at home for over 10 years. It's amazing to see how close they are. I cannot wait to get to ITER in 3 years before the first time they turn it on
Dear Eric Davis, I have read a lot of material. which was attitude-forming. My opinion is that you are seriously wrong when you think the idea will work. We've figured out the trick to fusion material conversion. We also had a working device that we presented to our government. Foxhund project. I recommend studying the idea. In any case, I would like to ask you with your opinion what is Kirill Chukanov's opinion on a spherical lightning-based energy source that is stable and cooperating with the Chinese?
@@zoltanpecsek4373 1st I would like to say thank you for informing me of this person . I had not heard of him prior . Also. To answer I don't think they will get it to work. I just am ennamered by the endeavor, I'm just glad it's not a lost field. However to answer your question . I think it's very unfortunate to every other country who is not working with Kiril. I have gone over the patent and his papers regarding ball lighting , and honestly. It's nearly identical to my work aside from the caveat that mine was not for direct energy use but simply a side effect .
I have to confess to being one of Those Dreadful People - a Science Fiction writer. In my novels I use a fusion power plant in the spaceships. To get up to orbit the heat it generates is used to convert 9 tons of water to superheated steam which becomes the rocket exhaust. Great lecture. I used to come to them back when Bill Coates was senior demonstrator.
@@afrog2666 our church people only see Pastor up there saying " blah, blah, blah, blah, ginger, blah blah....." If they have images to see, that seems to open their brains up
Excellent! You and other collaborators around the world sharing each other, you finally got it too. I'm happy for you. Mine, I will use it for my electro-gravitic engine differently.
@bobwatters Correct, but name one huge risk project that private companies have undertaken. Most, if not all, high risk reward projects are governmental and making it global is the next step.
I was working on this at Culham in 1967. It was my first holiday job from school. I was interested in electronics and fascinated by what they were trying to do. I remember a large room absolutely full of electrolytic capacitors, joined together by large cross-section copper bus bars. I can't remember what my job was though! I think it was building some small electronic circuits. I was 16 yrs old. So apparently if fusion was 30 years from then, we would have had it for 20 years by now, and all the oil Arabs would be begging on the streets with their wells shut down. :)
Nearly the same here - When I was in grad school in the early 70's; at U. Md., there was a similar room full of huge capacitors. It was to power a magnetic mirror machine, a design which I believe has now been long abandoned for fusion power. Fred
There are working test units. At least one commercial company building a larger, commercial version of their tech that has already been shown to produce positive results...
He has no choice if he wants to keep cashing millions in hard working tax payers money, they are the one living in the reality and gravity with their feet on the ground.
@@ericcartman1359 the world doesnt move .. only the stars and the sun its like a clock we cant go to the moon quz its plasma .. thats why... the government is followers of the devil they losing ther mind quz they cant leave earth .. to hide only in Antarctica they can go inner earth .. making tunnels .. they scared if we all wake up
I enjoy your videos, but your volume level is all wonky. The audio from the main bodies of the lectures is vastly quieter than any other youtube videos, so I have to crank up my volume to hear anything... but then the volume in your intro clip is deafeningly loud. Perhaps worth a look.
Trust me they will and probably so would you. But it won't be Tokamak reactors that gives us fusion energy. To think so is like kicking on a dead horse hoping it to suddenly spring to life. Instead some drastically different fusion concept would lead to that. I put my money on LPP's Focus Fusion project.
I don't think any of us are young enough to see a commercial fusion reactor at this rate. He said a demo model might (optimistically) be functional by the 2050s. It's even bigger than ITER. Realistically it gets delayed like every huge project does. Then how long after it's up and running before the first commercial one is actually built? 2100?
@@DevinDTV Let me try to give you some perspective: 30 years ago not one person in the field of applied technology could predict the touch phone. Let that sink in.
Adam Ellis tablets, all technology takes time to reach its zenith. The Wright Brothers were never old enough to see commercial air travel become as usable as a bus. Daimler was never around to see the car become the easy to drive, warm, comfortable and economic transport vehicle that we have today. Faraday didn't live long enough to see his dream of electricity being used by every family in the land. Sometimes, it takes working beyond the grave to reach the final goal. 'He who sows the oak tree seed, does not live long enough to be shaded by its branches.' Ancient proverb.
Looking at that trailer carrying 800 tones at 27:48, I can't help think about the 27 limestone blocks used to build the Temple of Jupiter thousands of years ago in Balbek Lebanon--each stone weighing over 1000 tones and all placed with perfect precision.
My question really revolves around heat exchange. The operation of the device seems to require that the magnetic field remain intact and not grounded, but as soon as you involve a medium to exchange the heat to provide mechanical usefulness out of the reactor it gets grounded. Unless you plan on electrons being a product and using them directly it would seem that they couldn't possibly use this reactor in a useful way.
It's pretty convenient actually. Most of the energy gets released as neutrons that hit the wall and heat it up. All you gotta do is run water through the walls to make steam and voila.
One of the best talks I have seen on the subject. Mr Chapman has a great presenting style. Anyone can follow this and grasp the nature of both the challenge, the frustrations and the real attainability of this. It seems to me that mankind is very good at making the hard things far harder. Really surprised America or China did not do this themselves to get a massive technological advantage. The chinese are already building thorium salt reactors which will leave the rest of the world behind so they are capable of taking on big technology projects.
interesting, do you have any info on what the replacement point would be and how long it would take to get there? e.g. 10% of the wall has deteriorated after y exposure.
i would guess that the graphite tiles can be replaced using the robotic arm... at a commercial scale you would have several reactors and could theoretically shut down one and repair during off-peak, then switch it back on and repeat for the other reactors the next day and the following.
I think you guys need to come up with a better model for collaboration. That sounds ridiculous. The fact things are like this because nations are too full of themselves is also ridiculous.
Humanity has such potential yet the first words they utter when innovation arises are "How to make this into weapon, not to attack, but defend" and they use it for destruction. People are simple, the products make them complicated. Thank you for explaining most in terms of financial support, would this help the world? We will see. Also great quote from Edison, perfect example of free energy around the globe.
It's funny how he was trying to be clever when he was saying that most people would say that the sun is the hottest place in the solar system but in fact it's the hanger he's talking about. But in real fact the LHC generate temperatures that are thousands of times hotter.
Well, strictly speaking you are correct. However, I don't think the LHC should count, since this temperature is only reached very locally for a very short period of time. In contrast, the tokamak is heating a large area for a longer period of time. There's also the difference that tokamaks are really heated up to reach the temperature, where the LHC just reaches that temperature by smashing particles together (which isn't really heating, the temperature is a side-effect of the energy freed by the collision)
Wladyslaw Szpilman To be fair, I can make the same argument about the tokamak relative to the sun. The temperature of the tokamak is only achieved very locally and for an extremely short time compared to the sun.
Zach Crawford we actually aren't. if you a do a heat by square metre calculation mammals are hotter than then the sun. the difference is the sun is huge. XKCD showed this with a mole of moles.
After ITER is designed and proved, India will make it cheaper and more compact and china will manufacture it cheaply and provide it for the whole world !
" A good turn out tonight, looking around the audience, I can safely say there is a very high probability that one of you won't be here with us by the end! But don't let that deter you, it's completely reasonable you all attending!" Ian Chapman is probably pleased his efforts have been broadcast on RUclips to those that may actually get some wisdom that they can use in their careers and may actually understand the difference of molecular plasma and a plasma television set!
I don't think you can derive from that ... 20 years ago it was common knowledge that fusion is anly 20 years away ... i think the fluctuations of the years is like the fluctuations of the energy ... we will see ...
actually we won't even have a demo model that can put power back on the grid until at least the 2050s if we're being optimistic, and then more decades before it becomes commercially available. realistically, we're all going to be dead before fusion is used to power our homes. unless we get some good life extension tech going
The kilometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: km; /ˈkɪləmiːtər/ or /kɪˈlɒmɪtər/) or kilometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousand metres (kilo- being the SI prefix for 1000).
Yes but the commute time to and from work would be a bitch. Plus you would need another one right next door to run the air conditioner in the employee lounge.
What a fascinating lecture. It does highlight to me how one of the biggest obstacles to mankind's progress is mankind itself. Here we are on the brink of realising one of the greatest technological breakthroughs in history, the supply of basically free energy to mankind, with no carbon emissions, and we have some people thinking 'how much money can I make out of this'. Sad.
A monumental task that seems insane as the grids, or at least in the US, are vulnerable to an EMP event from either the sun or a nuclear weapon which would take down the grid. From what I have read it would take months to years to repair the damage. Meanwhile people are without power which means no distribution, no water, no food, power to run heaters, air conditioners; you would effectively have a throwback to the middle ages. Millions would die in the kayos that follows. The ITER fusion project would be stymied! So why not put resources into what looks more feasible which is 3rd or 4th Gen nuclear until you have enough capital and resources to go after this monumental pursuit. Meanwhile there are more scaled down efforts of alternative methods to get to fusion that may pan out with a fraction of capital and resources. An no folks, renewables will not get us there. Renewables are a con shell game. I did like the presentation though. Educational.
Scottar Brooke: While I very much agree with what you said, it seems you left one item out. You raise the subject of EMP, either natural or man made, but then diverge to a different topic. Even if we have large quantities of 3rd or 4th generation nuclear (fission?) reactors, they will still be vulnerable to EMP. I think your intention was that we put sufficient resources into both fission power and preventing damage from EMP. Keeping in mind the above caveat, I agree with what you have said.
I am not a physicist, so my question is: I understand a Tokamak may not be the best approach to confining a plasma and getting hot enough to create fusion. There are other technologies being investigated. Let's see who "wins". We will all win, regardless. Great lecture, Mr Chapman.
Meh, opportunity cost seems rather high. Just as well spending the money on fission, get 10x the energy per unit of investment, burn the waste in next gen plants for more energy. Seems to me that they really can't force entirely new technologies in to excistence at will. They may bring them forward by some years, but at with extreme costs. And we'd be better of spending that money more efficiently, saving emissions, and just waiting untill the surrounding and underlying technologies advance. Most of the time they have no idea even what branch of science can suddenly be applied to solve a technical problem. Untill it's right infront of them. And then the free market just pops it out willingly, with zero tax dollars. Making energy cheaper is very well for anyone poor or with little debt. It brings down costs for everything. But that acts like deflation. Purchasing power of the money increases. Meaning, value of the debt grows. And government are the biggest debt holders in any economy. It's poison for their spending ability and deficits. That's why the propaganda of "deflation is bad" is etched in to our souls. Paychecks those teachers get are enabled with the inverse of deflation, inflation. Fusion could bankrup fiat currencies ran by irresponsible governments. Just as well. Good. But that's why government powered fusion is likely never going to be invented. We the people would sail trough that currency bankrutcy just fine, provided we got a working alternative currency at hand. Like bitcoin.
Well, I think Fusion could still happen with alone Government efforts too because a world without fusion is looking out of options. In developing countries like India or China where there is a huge energy requirement and Coal always seem to be the reliable resource which provides power at reasonable cost, is also easy to transport and there are abundant resources of it, But the Pollution and along with it the Climate change are making things so worse that it overshadows the positive points offered by coal. Secondly, the exponential growth of population would need more and more power in coming future. Simply relying on existing ways of power generation or even thinking about investing in sustainable energy ways like Solar would not compete(In my opinion) when we would have double the population we have today(which could happen in 70-80 years). Fusion here sure seems like an answer to satisfy the needs of masses on a much bigger scale since there is an abundance of seawater. All I am saying is that the conventional ways of power we have today are to be left against all the odds of cost If we could make that same power with something cleaner and with something we could have for thousands of years to come.
Meh, opportunity cost seems rather high. Just as well spending the money on fission, get 10x the energy per unit of investment, burn the waste in next gen plants for more energy. Seems to me that they really can't force entirely new technologies in to excistence at will. They may bring them forward by some years, but at with extreme costs. And we'd be better of spending that money more efficiently, saving emissions, and just waiting untill the surrounding and underlying technologies advance. Most of the time they have no idea even what branch of science can suddenly be applied to solve a technical problem. Untill it's right infront of them. And then the free market just pops it out willingly, with zero tax dollars.
Fusion could bankrup fiat currencies ran by irresponsible governments. Just as well. Good. But that's why government powered fusion is likely never going to be invented. Because it's exactly those same governments "trying" to develop the thing.
I recently finished the Three Body Problem series which features fusion energy as a plot point. So exciting that this sci-fi concept is being explored in real life!
This technology is the only way for mankind to ensure a sustainable future for itself, I am so delighted to see such enormous global cooperation is going on to unlock the true potential of fusion energy. It is strange that there weren't young people in the audiance (i hope they are busy with working on ITER :) ), I am unfortunately too dumb to deal such science in detail, i'm an electrical engineer, not a physicist, but it gets me very excited. I hope I live to see this technology working efficiently and producing electricity into the power grid.
Anti-nuclear people tend to be anti-fission, current fission reactors are no good for on-demand energy which is what we need to complement renewables. The question is whether fusion will ever be able to compete price-wise with batteries or pumped hydro or perhaps eventually renewables.
What are you talking about? It's trivially easy to find pictures and videos of Plutonium. Unless you believe it's all some grand conspiracy and all the videos and pictures are faked or some such nonsense.
How science should work........ great quote... but very cool that it worked out very close to what was expected. I wonder the frequency is they are using for the smaller green coils...???
Wow, no wonder it cost so much to build that thing... its like "hay guys, how can we build this with the least possible amount of efficiency? Oh how about we build every production facility 6 or 7 times!"
The good thing is that when they have made 6 or 7 of each production facilities it's going to be easier for them to make their own fusion reactors since they aren't so dependent on each other. And when other countries want fusion reactors there wouldn't be a monopoly on the parts for the reactors.
This is not the project of building reactor, it is already built. This is the project of teaching the world how to build that reactor in return getting funding for further research.
That's their story, but the parts they're building are not usable in a commercial reactor, which would be much bigger than ITER. I'm pretty confident that the thing will work. The real letdown will come once they realize that the construction and maintenance costs will be so high that only test reactors will ever be built. Yeah, fuel will be cheap and plentiful, but that won't matter when it's only a tiny fraction of the operating costs of such a complex monster that spews out relativistic neutrons. It's much more practical just to leech more power from our great existing fusion reactor while we work on better ideas than the TOKAMAK.
Helium is a neutral gas, doesn't bond with any molecule. And fear not it's NOT a radioactive or global warming promoter. And it's not the reactant, it's the product so with (maximum) number of reactors in future it will barely change our atmospheric composition.
While helium is produced, it's not a large amount. If you're asking if we could do helium to helium fusion, that is very much more difficult than hydrogen fusion.
Great presentation, Dr Chapman. But I have a few questions, just a few. How will technicians service this large and complex hardware when everything on and around ITAR will become radioactive? How are the superconducting coils at liquid Helium temperature, -269 degrees C, prevented from quenching due to the enormous heat from the plasma and from neutrons being generated inside the reactor ? Energy will eventually be extracted from such a reactor to produce electricity- by heating water to steam and driving electric turbines, you say?; perhaps by immersing that entire reactor in a pool of water? Where will the energy come from to drive this large new ITER Tokamak? from the French power grid - whose power comes primarily from nuclear fission reactors? You say ITER is open source and there sharing of intellectual property. Sounds great. I believe in science, experimentation and exploration, but this truly sounds like a “make work for scientists and engineers project”. Who’s paying for all this? answer: the proletariat. In many ways it’s sad the fission reactors, like breeders, have gotten such a bad rap. when they are already proven and much lower cost to build.
@@Robert-mx3id Most industrial processes are also DEADLY TO ALL LIFE and require the use of extremely toxic chemicals - sulfuric and hydrochloric acid are very common in industry, along with nitrate, arsenic, chlorine... the list goes on. But they are contained, regulated, and managed. How is electrical power generation via nuclear fission any different?
The research om fusion using the described concept had already started in the early 1960es. I remember i borrowed a popular science book in the library as a child back then, and in that book there was a picture of such an experimental fusion reactor. I am not sure if they really achieved any fusion in those early reactors, though.
Low cost energy production in a closed loop vacuum system: You have a water tank filled with degassed deionized water, the water then goes through black pipes held in glassed-in insulated boxes so sunlight is captured to heat the water "it can get hot enough to boil at sea level" the piping then goes to a spray nozzle where the hot water instantly vaporizes the steam then goes to a turbine that drives an electrical generator, after the turbine the steam and any water that condensed in it travel at a downward angle through a pipe with a condensation coil around it to a large vacuum chamber that has heat transfer fins inside this preheats water from a large reservoir tank that then feeds to the starting tank. The constant rapid condensation of the steam combined with a volume of the vacuum chamber being 3x or larger than the volume of steam produce at any given time maintains the vacuum level so the process continues.
I think you are confusing solar with fusion. Common mistake though because most scientists still believe the erroneous hypothesis that the sun is powered through fusion.
Dziaji Jesus Christ... I can only assume that you’ve either got no knowledge of, or misunderstand the concept of making more power then they consume to make that power
Huh? I thought we had fusion solved - simply gather 2 * 10^20 kilos of hydrogen and apply gravity. Fusion solved for several billion years. But really, aside from the scientific achievement, what does solving fusion get us? Big, complex, expensive centralized facilities owned by for-profit utility monopolies who charge us for every watt. Sound familiar? If you love your utility company now, I guess you'll love it when they're fusion powered. Or... we could use the nifty fusion reactor we have now, up in the sky, decentralize a bit, invest in battery research and ease the choke-hold soulless, reptilian pricks like NextEra Energy, or Duke Energy have on us now.
@@morganmitchell4017- good catch. I should not be allowed to do large operations on 10 digit calculators with scribbled notes. I was shooting for the mass of a small dwarf star, the lower limit of which seems to be about 85 Jupiter masses. Can we agree on about 160 followed by about 27 zeroes worth of kilos. I definitely dropped a stitch or two in my knitting. Point was, investing in propping up huge centralized utility monopolies, vs investing in using our existing abundance of available fusion energy in as decentralized a way as possible has merit.
@@47f0 I tend to disagree. If we can get fusion reactors up and running and it be economical, the worst case is that energy prices will stay the same. You'll always be able to use a solar panels regardless. I'm just glad we're doing something, because solar, wind, etc won't cut it.
@@47f0 Solar panels are expensive to manufacture, produce much waste in the process of manufacturing, and are pitifully inefficient. Fusion is the future.
@@tissuepaper9962 Sure fusion would be really spiffy. It would also be really spiffy if unicorns farted skittles - Imagine - an endless, non-polluting supply of skittles to meet the world's skittle demands. There are no unicorns. ITER has blown its budget three times over, with no end in sight and a completion date that keeps slipping - currently, the best guestimate presented to the international council of funding nations last year begged for another $4.6 billion as the completion date pushed back to 2025. Meanwhile, as Dr. Chapman blithely glides over the topic in this 30-minute infomercial, there are "thermal flux" issues. Or, as he puts it, temperatures that dwarf that encountered by the space shuttle shielding which is, as he puts it "designed to melt". As in, there is no such material currently known. This unknown material also has to handle constant neutron bombardment of 14GEV energy and high energy x-rays without degrading structurally. In informal conferences, fusion scientists refer to these materials as "amazium", or "handwavium", which should give you an idea of how close they are to nailing that problem down. The notion of "clean fusion" is also about as nonsensical as "clean coal" - there may be no radioactive fuel to dispose of, like fission reactors, but there will be radioactive structural materials to dispose of - There is no current material that can withstand that environment without degrading and becoming radioactive from neutron and x-ray bombardment. He also slides over the need for tritium - it is needed, and we don't have much of it. The NIF admits U.S. stockpiles are only 75 kilos or so, which is almost exclusively earmarked for weapons. ITER is going to experiment with several technologies that might breed the needed tritium - but that is currently a completely unsolved problem, and again, all of these breeder materials will have byproducts. Even Dr. Chapman admits that at best, there could possibly be a prototype generation facility (assuming all of the above problems vanish) no sooner than 2050 - for the accuracy of that date, look at the accuracy of the constantly slipping ITER completion dates. We do not have till (maybe at best) 2050 to begin to possibly have a glimmer of someday supplementing our energy needs with fusion. We need to move a substantial portion of our energy use away from fossil fuels now. As in yesterday. In the meantime, if you haven't been paying attention, in an increasing number of markets solar is meeting and beating coal generation prices, without subsidies. California currently gets 32% of it's energy from renewables. Germany, which is no one's idea of a sunny tropical paradise has reached 35% renewable energy. It's doable now, with existing, very real equipment, and the only real technical challenge is political will - and the clear understanding that holding our breath and hoping for a fusion miracle is not going to stop our fossil fuel Thelma and Louise cliff dive.
Interesting. Just did some reading on Thorium reactors. Noted that one of the issues with Thorium reactors is the byproduct tritium. Seems a possible source to get tritium and generate more power as well.
Holy shit that's brilliant. I mean there is the problem that Thorium is much more rare than Hydrogen so it will run out one day but I'm sure this would give us enough Tritium to last for a VERY long time.
Yeah, and we could do thorium right now. But it seems like fission reactors are DOA when it comes to funding at least in the USA. Despite thorium based reactors being far safe than their uranium based kin.
I am a huge fan of fusion, however I have serious concerns about the Tokamak. Listen to this speech from Dr. Bussard where he says the Tokamak method of fusion is maxwellian in nature, meaning: IT WILL ALWAYS USE MORE POWER THAN IT CREATES. So far he has been right and there is no evidence that making a larger Tokamac style reactor will actually yield more power than we put in. Again I say listen closely to Dr. Bussard as I truly believe he knew he was dying when this video was made, as such I think a dying man was being honest when he provided another way to do fusion power, specifically the Polywell design. I encourage you to listen for yourself and form your own opinion: ruclips.net/video/rk6z1vP4Eo8/видео.html
I am far from evaluating this physics but Bussard impressed me as being genuine. also, found newer Polywell video ruclips.net/video/YNE0L7nCg0k/видео.html
Thorium reactors Th-MSR. Already working, It’s just a question of political decision why not to invest less than a billion to finish paper work for Thorium reactors instead of fusion (search for Thorium energy). Maybe is a problem that world would change too quick. Well it’s better to do deep brain washing with CO2 for another 50 years, day by day. Suddenly lost power from the people who are really behind OPEC, no more pharmacy problems to solve due to uranium ash (2 grams per tone from carbon fuels ), …
One thing he didn't mentioned was the Stellerator concept... Wendelstein experiment. It's located in Greifswald Germany and costs only tiny fraction of ITER. And it has several advantages as well... Tokamak is a very old concept from Russia. Think the physics behind it was already defined in1952.. About energy output. As the plasma is very thin Fusion collisions are more or less statistical random. With Tokamak they can't compress it more so they have to go bigger. More plasma more collisions per second, means more energy. So with Tokamak size matters.
There is a clear reason why fusion is 30 years away. The ITER experimental fusion reactor funding is ~20 billion dollars for 50 year. Each year the oil industry spends around 300-400 billion in research and development (including finding new reserves of oil). If we really invested in fusion at the level we do for oil, things could go much faster.
What global warming? The average global temperature of the earth has been steady for the last 17 years. Alarmists call it 'the pause'. Real scientists call it TSI and the Solar Cycle. Look it up.
I built part of the winders in Ohio for the large equatorial coils for ITER!! The equatorial coils are so large that the winding facility is on site at ITER.
Following the analogy: wouldn't it be better and/or more efficient to carefully adjust the reaction intensity to keep it somewhere within limits, but at the edge?
In terms of temporal resonance modulation, this is analogous to combining light beams, interference coordination, to produce a clear clean sound in a restricted containment system, (apparently it's been done with lasers and crystal). The tuning of the system as a whole is a step down in frequency, so the magnetic bottle has to be a similar arrangement of elemental components. As an interested observer, the arrangement of elemental components in the Focus Fusion device "makes intuitive sense", (along the lines of a Maser..), but it's a complex design problem I'm barely guessing about.., like most aspects of Infinity. Fun to Imagine type interesting... _____ Intuitively, the fusion in a bottle has a "this will never work" satisfactorily type of feel to it, because if the circumstances of physical systems at Zero Kelvin are the ideal smooth state of Fusion/integration of probability wave-packages, then the illustration of the converse, atom-smashing in a Collider, provides a "map" of the wave components that constitute a particular arrangement of Fusion disassembly. I don't like the "free energy" extraction process of "overunity" devices based on the same reasons, that there's no telling what components of the orderly atomic substances are disassembled and dissociated in resonant nuclear/chemical bonding. It's a type of Laser/Maser Pumping that destroys the pump/catalyst. So the star forming mass required to ignite Fusion from a particular structure of AM-FM resonance fluctuations, makes the itty bitty gadgets we make seem unlikely (choosing the words carefully). But I'm agnostic, I don't know anything about it in the details, so it's "wait and see" what happens..(?) _____ "There's no new news only new angles", so it doesn't hurt to review some old ideas that are the same principle in Actuality. Hologram can be said to be the Loop quantization Inflation +/- idea in polycrystalline format. Increasing the synchronous resonance energy density and intensity of modulated vortices at specific vertices to fuse the "atomic nuclei" and simultaneously de-tune/re-locate "binding energy", is possible but improbable outside an already dense-intense array. What has to be the ultimate in Cold Fusion occurs in Black Hole locations, in which case there's precise synch of local and distributed non-local bond-length resonance-> distant orbit-orbital and superconducting cold, empty and flat space in the loop-sync polycrystal. Actuality "encompasses", (by Superspin Superposition-point Singularity synchronicity), the cause-effect zero-infinity difference distribution of binding energy-resonance imaging displacement, in the Unity of active Principle.
I want to be part of this research, but I don't have a science background. I do love learning about science though :) ITER is a great idea. What I don't quite understand is why don't they build it in a way so that if the experiment is successful, the facility can easily be turned into a fully functional commercial power producing facility. If you are already putting so much money on it why not go that route? Yes, it is all about scale. 500MW is not that much for commercial purposes, but one would think that the design could made so it is scalable with the chambers being built in a modular way so the design could be easily scaled up. Then again, the guys working on this are much smarter than I am and I would think that thought about that and had reasons for not going that route.
Dear Ian Chapman..... i am not an engineer or even a technician. i don't even work in the field although i did graduated from electronics school. i visualize electrical properties like electron current flow and magnetic containment barriers to channel the energy. at 22:52 on the video there is an illustration depicting a spike that shoots off and the oscope shows a great visual of this spiking of energy. My question is: Have you tries to balance the path by creating two paths and twisting the channels like a we do with twisted pair cable . If you don't keep the twisted pair cable "twisted" all the way til the connector we can experience NECT or FECT. (near or far end cross talk). witch is essentially Eddy currents that are produced in the magnetic flux lines occurring when the twist comes undone more the a couple centimeters away from the connector. that half of an inch of untwist will cause a problem.. I was wondering if you have though of twisting the containment fields like a braid of hair. or a twisted pair cable. i equate the spiking of energy you are trying to eliminate to the eddy currents on a twisted pair cable. and by keeping the cable twisted to over come this problem with eddy currents.
Economies of scale. The more plasma the less energy required to retain in a magnetic field. Also, as an energy source it has to last much longer and therefore requires much more mass to fuse. More mass = longevity and less power to contain it.
These are amazing pieces of engineering, but I can't stop wondering if there is a elegant cheaper way. I suppose, if there had been one it would have been discovered during the 60 years they've been doing this.
I started watching fusion many years ago in younger yeas. For the first time in a long time it seems we are really making progress. I have not read Science News recently but I think I will just to see what they have to say. Keep up the good work.
I've been watching the ITER videos of the manufacturing and the planned fabrication. It is a wonder. It must be up there with some of the most complex builds ever.
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An exemplary lecture style for addressing the public. A gifted communicator.
^^^^
Yes but, millions in tax and decades wasted again and he admitted it will produce nothing useful, IT'S an EXPERIMENT, like those colliders. What a joke ! Go see practical inventor like Stanley Meyer or Nicola Tesla, I'm sure you will learn much more and enjoy.
Just view uTube's , " David Adair at Area 51 advanced symbiotic technology " and weep at this scam of searching for control of fusion . David built a functioning magnetically contained fusion engine at 17 !
@@georgemarquis5904 Let me guess... He is dead from a suspicious death? Not yet? In the second case, How has he been shut down?
As far as I know David is alive , well , and exceptionally productive in many fields . Your insinuations are remarkably senseless .
I don't get why this Guy in the front bottom left is filming all of this.
Someone should tell him about RUclips and also tell him to just pay attention to the speech instead of recording it and never looking at the footage again.
Just because you don't get it, doesn't mean a logical reasoning for it. Maybe its being done by request???
This lecture took place back in March; perhaps the person filming wanted to share this lecture before today.
I thought the exact same thing
Great talk, enjoyed this.
However, the space shuttle was not designed with an ablative heat shield, it did not melt.
Most space capsules designed for reentry into earth's atmosphere use an ablative shield, but the space shuttle used tiles to insulate the vital bits and radiate as much heat away as possible.
The more ya know
Amazing talk !!
To short to address the issues and answer the many questions that come from this talk
Kudoos for the guy presenting this project..very clear and understandable for a non-technical dude. Ihope they got their equations down and get this beast working. There are some interesting promises for fusion in the near future. This ultra intense laser project the scientist are working on is also promising and ready within the coming decade.
What laser
I like Mr. Chapman's "British" lecturer style. Making a distant topic accessible to laypeople in an approachable and humorous way.
Less of a style and more of a sociolinguistic straitjacket
@@leemthompo - that's exactly what Sociolinguistics studies. We are all in the linguistic straitjacket of the culture in which we were indoctrinated.
Finally someone explains clearly "putting 50 mega watt in and getting 500 mega watt out", instead of just talking about technical details and asking for money.
When I was a Science Student Assistant back in 1984 at a famous Nuclear Research Establishment, My friend worked on what were called 'kicker magnets' of the Joint European Torus, which was the project to create nuclear fusion !
It's wonderful to see the world working together to challenge a great technological project like this. If only we could see more of this, more often. Also, I really hope fusion becomes a real source of clean energy in the future.
You might want to read up on electro-magnetism, morphogenic fields, and radiation in biology. These devices are destroying the fabric of life. Calling them "clean" is pure ignorance.
PS. No one is working together as much as you'd like to naively think. There are already "free energy" devices in private labs. You and most others will never have access to these types of technologies unless the masses are able to figure it out themselves. Until the corruption is gone, all of this technology is meant to control you and keep you as a slave in ignorance. I'm tired of naive kids that don't understand how the world works and think everyone has each others best interest in mind.... wake up.
Seriously, I don't know how you guys function in reality. It must take a colossal amount of compartmentalization to keep all your crazy beliefs in check.
@@BM-qb3oo Yep, those who have figured it it are told very soon, to stop or face the consequences. Bedini was visited and he toned down his work. Stanley Meyers, the inventor of the "water car" was poisoned soon after his successful demonstration was put on TV. Many other inventors have been thwarted, either by threats or elimination.
@@BM-qb3oo The funny thing is, I used to be like you thinking in "conspiracies" like that. Thinking of this so called "elite" and their "mind control" of earths population etc. But i've slowly come to realize that yeah we are being manipulated in some ways; in the news for example, theres a lot of misleading information out there, but not in that total mind-control-big-industry music and tv shows with hiddin meanings kind of thing and governments working in secrecy to control us. But more in that; there's corrupt and greedy ppl out that with lots of money and influence only thinking of themselves and not using their ressources in developing humanity, only few do: Bill gates, Elon, paul allen is what comes to mind, and they have made huge contributions to humanity. if only every person in power were thinking like these men, we would have a different world today. What changed my thinking? Reading into and understand history, understanding how things are really run and how to influence it, and finally the critical thinking and trying to see every side of things i've learned throughout my gymnasium years, and now continuing on in university. I've come to realize how important education is and how important its content and availability is aswell as methods of teaching it properly. That is why the US is what it is today, because its education is not optimal and university is not free. Just my two cents. Greetings from Denmark
@@N00B283 Who's talking conspiracies kid? Be careful what you ignore. Technology is the trump card that will exponentially accelerate the separation and suffering to higher levels than at any point ever in the last ten thousands years, and probably a lot longer. You will see the corruption staring you straight in the face and no one will be able to ignore it any longer.
Maybe you're given up like everyone else and accepted you're just a slave and can't do anything about it. That's what it sounds like to me. That's even more dangerous and a bigger problem than the corrupt and psychotic people that control governments and companies. The people are suppose to keep the checks and balances. Instead they prop up their masters up in ignorance.
Tell me how amazing all this technology and medicine is, when the majority of people will never have access to it because of greed, politics, and money.
A very interesting subject. You would not be bored going to work.
this is the best explanation ive seen on fusion. nice job!
I have been working on this at home for over 10 years. It's amazing to see how close they are. I cannot wait to get to ITER in 3 years before the first time they turn it on
Dear Eric Davis, I have read a lot of material. which was attitude-forming. My opinion is that you are seriously wrong when you think the idea will work. We've figured out the trick to fusion material conversion. We also had a working device that we presented to our government. Foxhund project. I recommend studying the idea.
In any case, I would like to ask you with your opinion what is Kirill Chukanov's opinion on a spherical lightning-based energy source that is stable and cooperating with the Chinese?
@@zoltanpecsek4373 1st I would like to say thank you for informing me of this person . I had not heard of him prior . Also. To answer I don't think they will get it to work. I just am ennamered by the endeavor, I'm just glad it's not a lost field. However to answer your question . I think it's very unfortunate to every other country who is not working with Kiril. I have gone over the patent and his papers regarding ball lighting , and honestly. It's nearly identical to my work aside from the caveat that mine was not for direct energy use but simply a side effect .
According to SimCity 2000 we will be able to build fusion power plants around 2050
Allways 30 years away
@@ssalamander2134 I was always told it was 50 years away about 20 years ago. Now everyone's always saying it's 30 years.
@@Trevokable Hey, it' shorter than 50 ;)
Trevokable he kool
In 2050 it will still be just 5 years away...
I have to confess to being one of Those Dreadful People - a Science Fiction writer. In my novels I use a fusion power plant in the spaceships. To get up to orbit the heat it generates is used to convert 9 tons of water to superheated steam which becomes the rocket exhaust. Great lecture. I used to come to them back when Bill Coates was senior demonstrator.
Dear channel owners, could you make camera focus on slideshow instead of speaker when speaker talking about something on the slide, please?
GOOD ONE ...lol just don't look at it...that works
No, the speaker should be in focus, the slides are clearly visible and when someone is speaking we look at the speaker don`t we?
yes we do..
@@afrog2666 Only if we're the speaker's mother.
@@syntaxusdogmata3333 BURN
@@afrog2666 our church people only see Pastor up there saying " blah, blah, blah, blah, ginger, blah blah....." If they have images to see, that seems to open their brains up
very good presentation, very easy to understand :)
Every Fusion researcher in the world:"We still have 30 years"
Elon Musk Event "Here is a home fusion reactor for everyone."
Thankyou Ian, I knew the plasma bottle was the key years ago, you explained it well. Mankind will get there.
Electricity/electromagnetism is the only force which
powers everything and failure to recognize this fact
leads to a myriad of ludicrous presumptions
Excellent! You and other collaborators around the world sharing each other, you finally got it too. I'm happy for you. Mine, I will use it for my electro-gravitic engine differently.
50 years ago, it was 30 years away, and still is.
@bobwatters Correct, but name one huge risk project that private companies have undertaken. Most, if not all, high risk reward projects are governmental and making it global is the next step.
Maybe they are warping time and don't realize it.
I was working on this at Culham in 1967. It was my first holiday job from school. I was interested in electronics and fascinated by what they were trying to do. I remember a large room absolutely full of electrolytic capacitors, joined together by large cross-section copper bus bars. I can't remember what my job was though! I think it was building some small electronic circuits. I was 16 yrs old. So apparently if fusion was 30 years from then, we would have had it for 20 years by now, and all the oil Arabs would be begging on the streets with their wells shut down. :)
Nearly the same here - When I was in grad school in the early 70's; at U. Md., there was a similar room full of huge capacitors.
It was to power a magnetic mirror machine, a design which I believe has now been long abandoned for fusion power.
Fred
By all means, make sure the camera doesn't capture what he's pointing at!
(someone slap the camera operator, please)
Obviously, he went to get some coffee. LOL. That was very annoying!
Just like the computer as this Tec, advances it will inevitably get smaller and more powerful. Absolutely a great presentation.
So it's still 30 years away.
This is amazing progress :-)
Energy progression will unlock a new era.
Fusion power in 2050, so it's 34 years away.
Decades of research have pushed it back by four years(!)
+Streety101101 , kinda difficult to drop an 80M diameter toroid on somebody, and expensive. Plus they wouldn't be fighting over oil.
Always has been. Always will be.
There are working test units. At least one commercial company building a larger, commercial version of their tech that has already been shown to produce positive results...
Excellent communicator of technical concepts for the lay and involved alike.
He has no choice if he wants to keep cashing millions in hard working tax payers money, they are the one living in the reality and gravity with their feet on the ground.
6:31 "We don't have gravity"
*and the flat-earthers go wild.*
@@ericcartman1359 No, I don't think I will.
@@ericcartman1359 the world doesnt move .. only the stars and the sun its like a clock we cant go to the moon quz its plasma .. thats why... the government is followers of the devil they losing ther mind quz they cant leave earth .. to hide only in Antarctica they can go inner earth .. making tunnels .. they scared if we all wake up
Yep, it's clear he's in the clouds
he meant the earth's gravity is not as strong as the sun's. all these experiments he's speaking of only prove torus theory of electro/magnetism.
Flat Earthers, around the globe, are going wild.
This guy gives a really good talk, he should do more of it
I enjoy your videos, but your volume level is all wonky. The audio from the main bodies of the lectures is vastly quieter than any other youtube videos, so I have to crank up my volume to hear anything... but then the volume in your intro clip is deafeningly loud. Perhaps worth a look.
All fusion projects are crucial for mankind. The more different small and large projects the better.
I don't think one person in the audience is young enough to see a sustainable fusion reactor within their lifetime.
Trust me they will and probably so would you. But it won't be Tokamak reactors that gives us fusion energy. To think so is like kicking on a dead horse hoping it to suddenly spring to life. Instead some drastically different fusion concept would lead to that. I put my money on LPP's Focus Fusion project.
@@MegaBanne wendelstein 7x
I don't think any of us are young enough to see a commercial fusion reactor at this rate. He said a demo model might (optimistically) be functional by the 2050s. It's even bigger than ITER. Realistically it gets delayed like every huge project does. Then how long after it's up and running before the first commercial one is actually built? 2100?
@@DevinDTV Let me try to give you some perspective: 30 years ago not one person in the field of applied technology could predict the touch phone. Let that sink in.
Adam Ellis tablets, all technology takes time to reach its zenith. The Wright Brothers were never old enough to see commercial air travel become as usable as a bus. Daimler was never around to see the car become the easy to drive, warm, comfortable and economic transport vehicle that we have today. Faraday didn't live long enough to see his dream of electricity being used by every family in the land.
Sometimes, it takes working beyond the grave to reach the final goal.
'He who sows the oak tree seed, does not live long enough to be shaded by its branches.'
Ancient proverb.
Looking at that trailer carrying 800 tones at 27:48, I can't help think about the 27 limestone blocks used to build the Temple of Jupiter thousands of years ago in Balbek Lebanon--each stone weighing over 1000 tones and all placed with perfect precision.
and if the UK makes those smaller reactors, the plasma in there will circulate the wrong direction :- )
woooo ok Aussie power
The plasma doesn't circulate in both directions. Negative charges goes in one direction and positive charges in the other direction.
Alchemist: Not only did he miss the joke but he then contradicted himself.
My question really revolves around heat exchange. The operation of the device seems to require that the magnetic field remain intact and not grounded, but as soon as you involve a medium to exchange the heat to provide mechanical usefulness out of the reactor it gets grounded. Unless you plan on electrons being a product and using them directly it would seem that they couldn't possibly use this reactor in a useful way.
It's pretty convenient actually. Most of the energy gets released as neutrons that hit the wall and heat it up. All you gotta do is run water through the walls to make steam and voila.
Dr. Octavius kinda succeeded...
One of the best talks I have seen on the subject. Mr Chapman has a great presenting style. Anyone can follow this and grasp the nature of both the challenge, the frustrations and the real attainability of this. It seems to me that mankind is very good at making the hard things far harder. Really surprised America or China did not do this themselves to get a massive technological advantage. The chinese are already building thorium salt reactors which will leave the rest of the world behind so they are capable of taking on big technology projects.
He does not address the neutron issue. Over time the high energy neutrons destroy the walls of the containment vessel.
interesting, do you have any info on what the replacement point would be and how long it would take to get there? e.g. 10% of the wall has deteriorated after y exposure.
i would guess that the graphite tiles can be replaced using the robotic arm... at a commercial scale you would have several reactors and could theoretically shut down one and repair during off-peak, then switch it back on and repeat for the other reactors the next day and the following.
also, the use of molten metal as the vessel(though not necessarrly on a conventional tokamaks, helps address the surface deterioration.
Material research facilities have been built to adress this (and other) issue(s). Results have already been produced and published.
He did quickly. A Lithium bath which in a properly designed reactor and fuel cycle system is used to breed the tritium.
Excellent! Thanks for the video and best of luck to all of us.
"We don't have gravity" - I might have said that differently. xD
I was about to judge you harshly... But I hadn't fully watched the video
don't worry, flat earth people don't watch science videos
let's chear for how the ITER now's entering the assembling progress
2050? By that time, Skynet will already have taken over the planet.
You clearly didn’t grasp where we are as a civilisation at present
They will get it around 2030 the way things are going
13:46 4 months time he says... When the video was posted 3 years ago and we're still in the process of leaving
I think you guys need to come up with a better model for collaboration. That sounds ridiculous.
The fact things are like this because nations are too full of themselves is also ridiculous.
Humanity has such potential yet the first words they utter when innovation arises are "How to make this into weapon, not to attack, but defend" and they use it for destruction. People are simple, the products make them complicated. Thank you for explaining most in terms of financial support, would this help the world? We will see.
Also great quote from Edison, perfect example of free energy around the globe.
It's funny how he was trying to be clever when he was saying that most people would say that the sun is the hottest place in the solar system but in fact it's the hanger he's talking about. But in real fact the LHC generate temperatures that are thousands of times hotter.
Well, strictly speaking you are correct. However, I don't think the LHC should count, since this temperature is only reached very locally for a very short period of time. In contrast, the tokamak is heating a large area for a longer period of time.
There's also the difference that tokamaks are really heated up to reach the temperature, where the LHC just reaches that temperature by smashing particles together (which isn't really heating, the temperature is a side-effect of the energy freed by the collision)
Wladyslaw Szpilman To be fair, I can make the same argument about the tokamak relative to the sun. The temperature of the tokamak is only achieved very locally and for an extremely short time compared to the sun.
+Zach Crawford i could say that about mammals and the sun
Alistair Shaw mammals are much colder, shorter lived and smaller than the sun so using mammals as an example dosn't make much sense
Zach Crawford we actually aren't. if you a do a heat by square metre calculation mammals are hotter than then the sun. the difference is the sun is huge. XKCD showed this with a mole of moles.
David Adair apparently did this to power his rocket in the 1970s. " like watching a bullet from a barrel "
After ITER is designed and proved, India will make it cheaper and more compact and china will manufacture it cheaply and provide it for the whole world !
" A good turn out tonight, looking around the audience, I can safely say there is a very high probability that one of you won't be here with us by the end! But don't let that deter you, it's completely reasonable you all attending!" Ian Chapman is probably pleased his efforts have been broadcast on RUclips to those that may actually get some wisdom that they can use in their careers and may actually understand the difference of molecular plasma and a plasma television set!
Fusion is not 30 years away now it is only 15 so in 15 years it will still be 15 years away! wonderful! someday fusion will only be 5 years away!
It's awesome for skin tan
@@KBSINN or that cool glow in the dark look! a real fashion statement!
I don't think you can derive from that ... 20 years ago it was common knowledge that fusion is anly 20 years away ... i think the fluctuations of the years is like the fluctuations of the energy ... we will see ...
@@OlDirtySam yesh but find out who is saying what. Only noobs in the field think that fusion is 15-20 years away. Its a question of funding.
actually we won't even have a demo model that can put power back on the grid until at least the 2050s if we're being optimistic, and then more decades before it becomes commercially available. realistically, we're all going to be dead before fusion is used to power our homes. unless we get some good life extension tech going
16:38 this really reminded me of teslas failed tower at wardenclyffe. He said it simply needed to be larger.
Chapman is absolutely correct. A larger machine would be more efficient. I think something ~700,000 km away would be just about right.
km?
The kilometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: km; /ˈkɪləmiːtər/ or /kɪˈlɒmɪtər/) or kilometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousand metres (kilo- being the SI prefix for 1000).
Tom Baxter lol. i was questioning how it applied to the reactor. not what it means.
Add a couple more zeroes and times by 2 and that's almost right
Yes but the commute time to and from work would be a bitch. Plus you would need another one right next door to run the air conditioner in the employee lounge.
What a fascinating lecture. It does highlight to me how one of the biggest obstacles to mankind's progress is mankind itself. Here we are on the brink of realising one of the greatest technological breakthroughs in history, the supply of basically free energy to mankind, with no carbon emissions, and we have some people thinking 'how much money can I make out of this'. Sad.
A monumental task that seems insane as the grids, or at least in the US, are vulnerable to an EMP event from either the sun or a nuclear weapon which would take down the grid. From what I have read it would take months to years to repair the damage. Meanwhile people are without power which means no distribution, no water, no food, power to run heaters, air conditioners; you would effectively have a throwback to the middle ages. Millions would die in the kayos that follows. The ITER fusion project would be stymied!
So why not put resources into what looks more feasible which is 3rd or 4th Gen nuclear until you have enough capital and resources to go after this monumental pursuit. Meanwhile there are more scaled down efforts of alternative methods to get to fusion that may pan out with a fraction of capital and resources.
An no folks, renewables will not get us there. Renewables are a con shell game.
I did like the presentation though. Educational.
Scottar Brooke: While I very much agree with what you said, it seems you left one item out. You raise the subject of EMP, either natural or man made, but then diverge to a different topic. Even if we have large quantities of 3rd or 4th generation nuclear (fission?) reactors, they will still be vulnerable to EMP. I think your intention was that we put sufficient resources into both fission power and preventing damage from EMP. Keeping in mind the above caveat, I agree with what you have said.
I am not a physicist, so my question is: I understand a Tokamak may not be the best approach to confining a plasma and getting hot enough to create fusion. There are other technologies being investigated. Let's see who "wins". We will all win, regardless. Great lecture, Mr Chapman.
This would shake the world economy.
Meh, opportunity cost seems rather high. Just as well spending the money on fission, get 10x the energy per unit of investment, burn the waste in next gen plants for more energy. Seems to me that they really can't force entirely new technologies in to excistence at will. They may bring them forward by some years, but at with extreme costs. And we'd be better of spending that money more efficiently, saving emissions, and just waiting untill the surrounding and underlying technologies advance. Most of the time they have no idea even what branch of science can suddenly be applied to solve a technical problem. Untill it's right infront of them. And then the free market just pops it out willingly, with zero tax dollars.
Making energy cheaper is very well for anyone poor or with little debt. It brings down costs for everything. But that acts like deflation. Purchasing power of the money increases. Meaning, value of the debt grows. And government are the biggest debt holders in any economy. It's poison for their spending ability and deficits. That's why the propaganda of "deflation is bad" is etched in to our souls. Paychecks those teachers get are enabled with the inverse of deflation, inflation. Fusion could bankrup fiat currencies ran by irresponsible governments. Just as well. Good. But that's why government powered fusion is likely never going to be invented. We the people would sail trough that currency bankrutcy just fine, provided we got a working alternative currency at hand. Like bitcoin.
Well, I think Fusion could still happen with alone Government efforts too because a world without fusion is looking out of options. In developing countries like India or China where there is a huge energy requirement and Coal always seem to be the reliable resource which provides power at reasonable cost, is also easy to transport and there are abundant resources of it, But the Pollution and along with it the Climate change are making things so worse that it overshadows the positive points offered by coal.
Secondly, the exponential growth of population would need more and more power in coming future. Simply relying on existing ways of power generation or even thinking about investing in sustainable energy ways like Solar would not compete(In my opinion) when we would have double the population we have today(which could happen in 70-80 years). Fusion here sure seems like an answer to satisfy the needs of masses on a much bigger scale since there is an abundance of seawater. All I am saying is that the conventional ways of power we have today are to be left against all the odds of cost If we could make that same power with something cleaner and with something we could have for thousands of years to come.
Meh, opportunity cost seems rather high. Just as well spending the money on fission, get 10x the energy per unit of investment, burn the waste in next gen plants for more energy. Seems to me that they really can't force entirely new technologies in to excistence at will. They may bring them forward by some years, but at with extreme costs. And we'd be better of spending that money more efficiently, saving emissions, and just waiting untill the surrounding and underlying technologies advance. Most of the time they have no idea even what branch of science can suddenly be applied to solve a technical problem. Untill it's right infront of them. And then the free market just pops it out willingly, with zero tax dollars.
Fusion could bankrup fiat currencies ran by irresponsible governments. Just as well. Good. But that's why government powered fusion is likely never going to be invented. Because it's exactly those same governments "trying" to develop the thing.
hope so sooner the BBBBet ter
I remember Daedalus telling Icarus . "Don't get to close to the sun, my boy!"
Oh well. Hmmmm.
I really enjoyed the talk.👍
......aaaaaand BREXIT!
I recently finished the Three Body Problem series which features fusion energy as a plot point. So exciting that this sci-fi concept is being explored in real life!
"Ship arriving too late to save a drowning witch"
This technology is the only way for mankind to ensure a sustainable future for itself, I am so delighted to see such enormous global cooperation is going on to unlock the true potential of fusion energy. It is strange that there weren't young people in the audiance (i hope they are busy with working on ITER :) ), I am unfortunately too dumb to deal such science in detail, i'm an electrical engineer, not a physicist, but it gets me very excited. I hope I live to see this technology working efficiently and producing electricity into the power grid.
I put my hands up, I use to be anti-nuclear energy, then I studied it...
Anti-nuclear people tend to be anti-fission, current fission reactors are no good for on-demand energy which is what we need to complement renewables. The question is whether fusion will ever be able to compete price-wise with batteries or pumped hydro or perhaps eventually renewables.
Chaos - you bought into the sales pitch. They can sell anything to almost anybody.
Selling is not bad if the product is good.
Doesn't surprise me that studying it changed your mind. The anti-nuclear movement is predicated on and requires ignorance of science.
What are you talking about? It's trivially easy to find pictures and videos of Plutonium. Unless you believe it's all some grand conspiracy and all the videos and pictures are faked or some such nonsense.
How science should work........ great quote... but very cool that it worked out very close to what was expected. I wonder the frequency is they are using for the smaller green coils...???
Wow, no wonder it cost so much to build that thing... its like "hay guys, how can we build this with the least possible amount of efficiency? Oh how about we build every production facility 6 or 7 times!"
The good thing is that when they have made 6 or 7 of each production facilities it's going to be easier for them to make their own fusion reactors since they aren't so dependent on each other. And when other countries want fusion reactors there wouldn't be a monopoly on the parts for the reactors.
This is not the project of building reactor, it is already built. This is the project of teaching the world how to build that reactor in return getting funding for further research.
That's their story, but the parts they're building are not usable in a commercial reactor, which would be much bigger than ITER. I'm pretty confident that the thing will work. The real letdown will come once they realize that the construction and maintenance costs will be so high that only test reactors will ever be built. Yeah, fuel will be cheap and plentiful, but that won't matter when it's only a tiny fraction of the operating costs of such a complex monster that spews out relativistic neutrons. It's much more practical just to leech more power from our great existing fusion reactor while we work on better ideas than the TOKAMAK.
Wonder if anyone will have a Eureka moment and come up with something better and send this to the scrapheap as it is taking such a long time.🎇
They already put sun in a bottle, its called sunny delight!
jhon doe lol
UNLEASH THE POWER OF THE SUN!
The most refreshing joke Ive heard today! :D
Sonny died in skiing accident.
🤮🤮🤮
Excellent communicator of this topic.
What about all the helium.
Myrslokstok its only a few grams and when they switch the machine off it floats away.... Lol I have literally no idea
Many sources predict that we are running dangerously low on Helium. We can't produce it artificially.
Helium is a neutral gas, doesn't bond with any molecule. And fear not it's NOT a radioactive or global warming promoter. And it's not the reactant, it's the product so with (maximum) number of reactors in future it will barely change our atmospheric composition.
While helium is produced, it's not a large amount. If you're asking if we could do helium to helium fusion, that is very much more difficult than hydrogen fusion.
@@pumpjackmcgee4267 true and so where is that fuel cell operation?
Great presentation, Dr Chapman. But I have a few questions, just a few.
How will technicians service this large and complex hardware when everything on and around ITAR will become radioactive? How are the superconducting coils at liquid Helium temperature, -269 degrees C, prevented from quenching due to the enormous heat from the plasma and from neutrons being generated inside the reactor ? Energy will eventually be extracted from such a reactor to produce electricity- by heating water to steam and driving electric turbines, you say?; perhaps by immersing that entire reactor in a pool of water? Where will the energy come from to drive this large new ITER Tokamak? from the French power grid - whose power comes primarily from nuclear fission reactors?
You say ITER is open source and there sharing of intellectual property. Sounds great.
I believe in science, experimentation and exploration, but this truly sounds like a “make work for scientists and engineers project”. Who’s paying for all this?
answer: the proletariat.
In many ways it’s sad the fission reactors, like breeders, have gotten such a bad rap. when they are already proven and much lower cost to build.
*insert generic comment complaining in favour of MSRs and thorium reactors to sound clever*
Thorium reactors would be cheaper than what this guy is proposing. So what is your problem?
@En' Peacee Shekelstein He just wants to sound clever.
@@MountainFisher not a problem just DEADLY TO ALL LIFE ...DUH moronic
@@MountainFisher as one Wise man said...N. Teasla and Musk...ha ha ah let's boil that COIL and let them stew in it...EAT THEIR WORDS WITH CROW
@@Robert-mx3id Most industrial processes are also DEADLY TO ALL LIFE and require the use of extremely toxic chemicals - sulfuric and hydrochloric acid are very common in industry, along with nitrate, arsenic, chlorine... the list goes on. But they are contained, regulated, and managed.
How is electrical power generation via nuclear fission any different?
The research om fusion using the described concept had already started in the early 1960es. I remember i borrowed a popular science book in the library as a child back then, and in that book there was a picture of such an experimental fusion reactor. I am not sure if they really achieved any fusion in those early reactors, though.
I ain't happy, I'm feeling glad
I got sunshine in a bag
I'm useless but not for long
The future is coming on
Western Homestead & Off Grid Living coming on, coming on... Gorila’s. Haven’t heard that song in a decade.
Low cost energy production in a closed loop vacuum system: You have a water tank filled with degassed deionized water, the water then goes through black pipes held in glassed-in insulated boxes so sunlight is captured to heat the water "it can get hot enough to boil at sea level" the piping then goes to a spray nozzle where the hot water instantly vaporizes the steam then goes to a turbine that drives an electrical generator, after the turbine the steam and any water that condensed in it travel at a downward angle through a pipe with a condensation coil around it to a large vacuum chamber that has heat transfer fins inside this preheats water from a large reservoir tank that then feeds to the starting tank.
The constant rapid condensation of the steam combined with a volume of the vacuum chamber being 3x or larger than the volume of steam produce at any given time maintains the vacuum level so the process continues.
Fusion will happen. Why? Because it must happen that's why.
Fusion consumes energy. It will never power anything.
It already happens and solar panels plus wind turbines harness it.
I think you are confusing solar with fusion. Common mistake though because most scientists still believe the erroneous hypothesis that the sun is powered through fusion.
@@Dziaji Then what powers the sun, my enlightened friend?
Dziaji Jesus Christ... I can only assume that you’ve either got no knowledge of, or misunderstand the concept of making more power then they consume to make that power
Exceptional presentation! Hope we are able to work together and make fusion a reality. Thank you sir and God Speed!
Huh? I thought we had fusion solved - simply gather 2 * 10^20 kilos of hydrogen and apply gravity.
Fusion solved for several billion years.
But really, aside from the scientific achievement, what does solving fusion get us? Big, complex, expensive centralized facilities owned by for-profit utility monopolies who charge us for every watt. Sound familiar? If you love your utility company now, I guess you'll love it when they're fusion powered.
Or... we could use the nifty fusion reactor we have now, up in the sky, decentralize a bit, invest in battery research and ease the choke-hold soulless, reptilian pricks like NextEra Energy, or Duke Energy have on us now.
I think you're off by a factor of 10,000,000,000 on your mass there, mate.
@@morganmitchell4017- good catch. I should not be allowed to do large operations on 10 digit calculators with scribbled notes. I was shooting for the mass of a small dwarf star, the lower limit of which seems to be about 85 Jupiter masses. Can we agree on about 160 followed by about 27 zeroes worth of kilos. I definitely dropped a stitch or two in my knitting.
Point was, investing in propping up huge centralized utility monopolies, vs investing in using our existing abundance of available fusion energy in as decentralized a way as possible has merit.
@@47f0 I tend to disagree. If we can get fusion reactors up and running and it be economical, the worst case is that energy prices will stay the same. You'll always be able to use a solar panels regardless. I'm just glad we're doing something, because solar, wind, etc won't cut it.
@@47f0 Solar panels are expensive to manufacture, produce much waste in the process of manufacturing, and are pitifully inefficient. Fusion is the future.
@@tissuepaper9962 Sure fusion would be really spiffy. It would also be really spiffy if unicorns farted skittles - Imagine - an endless, non-polluting supply of skittles to meet the world's skittle demands.
There are no unicorns.
ITER has blown its budget three times over, with no end in sight and a completion date that keeps slipping - currently, the best guestimate presented to the international council of funding nations last year begged for another $4.6 billion as the completion date pushed back to 2025.
Meanwhile, as Dr. Chapman blithely glides over the topic in this 30-minute infomercial, there are "thermal flux" issues. Or, as he puts it, temperatures that dwarf that encountered by the space shuttle shielding which is, as he puts it "designed to melt". As in, there is no such material currently known. This unknown material also has to handle constant neutron bombardment of 14GEV energy and high energy x-rays without degrading structurally. In informal conferences, fusion scientists refer to these materials as "amazium", or "handwavium", which should give you an idea of how close they are to nailing that problem down.
The notion of "clean fusion" is also about as nonsensical as "clean coal" - there may be no radioactive fuel to dispose of, like fission reactors, but there will be radioactive structural materials to dispose of - There is no current material that can withstand that environment without degrading and becoming radioactive from neutron and x-ray bombardment.
He also slides over the need for tritium - it is needed, and we don't have much of it. The NIF admits U.S. stockpiles are only 75 kilos or so, which is almost exclusively earmarked for weapons. ITER is going to experiment with several technologies that might breed the needed tritium - but that is currently a completely unsolved problem, and again, all of these breeder materials will have byproducts.
Even Dr. Chapman admits that at best, there could possibly be a prototype generation facility (assuming all of the above problems vanish) no sooner than 2050 - for the accuracy of that date, look at the accuracy of the constantly slipping ITER completion dates.
We do not have till (maybe at best) 2050 to begin to possibly have a glimmer of someday supplementing our energy needs with fusion. We need to move a substantial portion of our energy use away from fossil fuels now. As in yesterday.
In the meantime, if you haven't been paying attention, in an increasing number of markets solar is meeting and beating coal generation prices, without subsidies. California currently gets 32% of it's energy from renewables. Germany, which is no one's idea of a sunny tropical paradise has reached 35% renewable energy. It's doable now, with existing, very real equipment, and the only real technical challenge is political will - and the clear understanding that holding our breath and hoping for a fusion miracle is not going to stop our fossil fuel Thelma and Louise cliff dive.
Interesting. Just did some reading on Thorium reactors. Noted that one of the issues with Thorium reactors is the byproduct tritium. Seems a possible source to get tritium and generate more power as well.
Indeed. So many commenters seem to think it's either fusion or thorium, when in reality it will likely be a mixture of both.
Holy shit that's brilliant. I mean there is the problem that Thorium is much more rare than Hydrogen so it will run out one day but I'm sure this would give us enough Tritium to last for a VERY long time.
Yeah, and we could do thorium right now. But it seems like fission reactors are DOA when it comes to funding at least in the USA. Despite thorium based reactors being far safe than their uranium based kin.
25:03 Fusion written into a country's Constitution?? That's... broken.
How fantastic to see a public scientist dressed properly, instead of dressed like a teenager.
I am a huge fan of fusion, however I have serious concerns about the Tokamak. Listen to this speech from Dr. Bussard where he says the Tokamak method of fusion is maxwellian in nature, meaning: IT WILL ALWAYS USE MORE POWER THAN IT CREATES. So far he has been right and there is no evidence that making a larger Tokamac style reactor will actually yield more power than we put in. Again I say listen closely to Dr. Bussard as I truly believe he knew he was dying when this video was made, as such I think a dying man was being honest when he provided another way to do fusion power, specifically the Polywell design. I encourage you to listen for yourself and form your own opinion:
ruclips.net/video/rk6z1vP4Eo8/видео.html
I am far from evaluating this physics but Bussard impressed me as being genuine.
also, found newer Polywell video
ruclips.net/video/YNE0L7nCg0k/видео.html
Thorium reactors Th-MSR. Already working, It’s just a question of political decision why not to invest less than a billion to finish paper work for Thorium reactors instead of fusion (search for Thorium energy). Maybe is a problem that world would change too quick. Well it’s better to do deep brain washing with CO2 for another 50 years, day by day. Suddenly lost power from the people who are really behind OPEC, no more pharmacy problems to solve due to uranium ash (2 grams per tone from carbon fuels ), …
One thing he didn't mentioned was the Stellerator concept... Wendelstein experiment. It's located in Greifswald Germany and costs only tiny fraction of ITER. And it has several advantages as well... Tokamak is a very old concept from Russia. Think the physics behind it was already defined in1952..
About energy output. As the plasma is very thin Fusion collisions are more or less statistical random. With Tokamak they can't compress it more so they have to go bigger. More plasma more collisions per second, means more energy. So with Tokamak size matters.
I dont agree on a few things you said, but I enjoyed it!
The torus is not going to work
Yeah, gotta be a square
There is a clear reason why fusion is 30 years away. The ITER experimental fusion reactor funding is ~20 billion dollars for 50 year. Each year the oil industry spends around 300-400 billion in research and development (including finding new reserves of oil). If we really invested in fusion at the level we do for oil, things could go much faster.
...so, fusion will come too late to solve global warming, let's build some fission reactors.
yet this can work now!
The MSR
ruclips.net/video/WGBkV3ZLTDI/видео.html
No no no, you misunderstand. The world is going to end in 2012.
What global warming? The average global temperature of the earth has been steady for the last 17 years. Alarmists call it 'the pause'. Real scientists call it TSI and the Solar Cycle. Look it up.
Brian Morgan global warming is a myth.
I built part of the winders in Ohio for the large equatorial coils for ITER!! The equatorial coils are so large that the winding facility is on site at ITER.
Fusion is like trumps business, they take more then they give an always end in failure.
500 business's and 5 failures.. Lol think about that for a second.
I think Dave might be caught in a BSOD loop...
@@JF32304 all BS...not one actual ongoing... just a hyped hotel
@@seymoronion8371 and with Jesse /// lol
@@JF32304 Five bankruptcies and NO successful businesses. Watch Trump go down in shame, shortly. Russia played him like a cheap drum.
Quite interesting. Thanks for putting this on here.
The Royal Institution is the best! Every lecture is good.
Following the analogy: wouldn't it be better and/or more efficient to carefully adjust the reaction intensity to keep it somewhere within limits, but at the edge?
AS we all learned in the 60s as kids, fusion will be there in 25 years ;)
That was cool, gonna build one to power my lightbulb.
Thank you, RI!
In terms of temporal resonance modulation, this is analogous to combining light beams, interference coordination, to produce a clear clean sound in a restricted containment system, (apparently it's been done with lasers and crystal). The tuning of the system as a whole is a step down in frequency, so the magnetic bottle has to be a similar arrangement of elemental components.
As an interested observer, the arrangement of elemental components in the Focus Fusion device "makes intuitive sense", (along the lines of a Maser..), but it's a complex design problem I'm barely guessing about.., like most aspects of Infinity. Fun to Imagine type interesting...
_____
Intuitively, the fusion in a bottle has a "this will never work" satisfactorily type of feel to it, because if the circumstances of physical systems at Zero Kelvin are the ideal smooth state of Fusion/integration of probability wave-packages, then the illustration of the converse, atom-smashing in a Collider, provides a "map" of the wave components that constitute a particular arrangement of Fusion disassembly.
I don't like the "free energy" extraction process of "overunity" devices based on the same reasons, that there's no telling what components of the orderly atomic substances are disassembled and dissociated in resonant nuclear/chemical bonding. It's a type of Laser/Maser Pumping that destroys the pump/catalyst.
So the star forming mass required to ignite Fusion from a particular structure of AM-FM resonance fluctuations, makes the itty bitty gadgets we make seem unlikely (choosing the words carefully).
But I'm agnostic, I don't know anything about it in the details, so it's "wait and see" what happens..(?)
_____
"There's no new news only new angles", so it doesn't hurt to review some old ideas that are the same principle in Actuality.
Hologram can be said to be the Loop quantization Inflation +/- idea in polycrystalline format. Increasing the synchronous resonance energy density and intensity of modulated vortices at specific vertices to fuse the "atomic nuclei" and simultaneously de-tune/re-locate "binding energy", is possible but improbable outside an already dense-intense array.
What has to be the ultimate in Cold Fusion occurs in Black Hole locations, in which case there's precise synch of local and distributed non-local bond-length resonance-> distant orbit-orbital and superconducting cold, empty and flat space in the loop-sync polycrystal.
Actuality "encompasses", (by Superspin Superposition-point Singularity synchronicity), the cause-effect zero-infinity difference distribution of binding energy-resonance imaging displacement, in the Unity of active Principle.
I want to be part of this research, but I don't have a science background. I do love learning about science though :)
ITER is a great idea. What I don't quite understand is why don't they build it in a way so that if the experiment is successful, the facility can easily be turned into a fully functional commercial power producing facility. If you are already putting so much money on it why not go that route? Yes, it is all about scale. 500MW is not that much for commercial purposes, but one would think that the design could made so it is scalable with the chambers being built in a modular way so the design could be easily scaled up. Then again, the guys working on this are much smarter than I am and I would think that thought about that and had reasons for not going that route.
My Dad was a Maintenance Manager at Culham late 80's early 90's.
Dear Ian Chapman..... i am not an engineer or even a technician. i don't even work in the field although i did graduated from electronics school. i visualize electrical properties like electron current flow and magnetic containment barriers to channel the energy.
at 22:52 on the video there is an illustration depicting a spike that shoots off and the oscope shows a great visual of this spiking of energy. My question is:
Have you tries to balance the path by creating two paths and twisting the channels like a we do with twisted pair cable . If you don't keep the twisted pair cable "twisted" all the way til the connector we can experience NECT or FECT. (near or far end cross talk). witch is essentially Eddy currents that are produced in the magnetic flux lines occurring when the twist comes undone more the a couple centimeters away from the connector. that half of an inch of untwist will cause a problem.. I was wondering if you have though of twisting the containment fields like a braid of hair. or a twisted pair cable. i equate the spiking of energy you are trying to eliminate to the eddy currents on a twisted pair cable. and by keeping the cable twisted to over come this problem with eddy currents.
Economies of scale. The more plasma the less energy required to retain in a magnetic field. Also, as an energy source it has to last much longer and therefore requires much more mass to fuse.
More mass = longevity and less power to contain it.
These are amazing pieces of engineering, but I can't stop wondering if there is a elegant cheaper way. I suppose, if there had been one it would have been discovered during the 60 years they've been doing this.
I started watching fusion many years ago in younger yeas. For the first time in a long time it seems we are really making progress. I have not read Science News recently but I think I will just to see what they have to say. Keep up the good work.
Millions in tax and decades wasted again and he admitted it will produce nothing useful, IT'S an EXPERIMENT, like those colliders.
I've been watching the ITER videos of the manufacturing and the planned fabrication. It is a wonder. It must be up there with some of the most complex builds ever.
WOOOOOOOOOOOOOW i am very excited to see it working soon