Sinzi ko ubwiza mbona kuri Tracy mwe mububona she is very very beautiful ❤️I love her🥺nikibajou disi 😍God bless you sha Tracy muzotuzanire aline Gahongayire nawe 🥰🤌
Ubundi uko umuntu ateye nta comment iba ukwiye kujyaho kuko akenshi niko umuntu yisanga, nta ruhare yabigizemo. Uko umuntu ari kose tujye tumukunda uko. Thx Tracy for your testimony, you are beautiful
Tracy ni mwiza pe Ari smart Yambara neza Arakijijwe Ateye neza Thanks for living for Jesus. Thanks ladies for this talk I am small and that's it I am okay Nkundwa n,Uwiteka
Tracy my beautiful inside and outside!!! You're lovable, you're sympathetic, you're a role model my daughters!! You are a good friend of Jesus Christ. NDAGUKUNDA!! Shine shine in Jesus name
Ibihe tugezemo nta muntu ugihangayikishwa na physique ye , ushatse kunanuka igihe abyibushye kandi bimubangamiye agana abaganga babifiteho ubumenyi bakamurangiriza ikibazo cye no kubananutse cyane bibangamiye nabo nuko no kubakobwa bashaka kuba abahungu no kubahungu bashaka kuba abakobwa no kubantu bagufi bifuza kuba barebare no kubantu barebare cyane bashaka kubigabanya nabafite amazuru manini bashaka kuyagira mato ........, abantu bagitinda kuri physique muri iyi air turimo uko waba umeze kose bazabivugaho.
This was a kind of conversation much needed. Thank you for sharing all the knowledge. Our community needs to stop body shaming, and start accepting our differences. Much love keep up the good work❤️
Body shaming ni ikintu kibi cyane. Mbabazwa n'uko abantu benshi batayizi bigatuma bayikora abandi bakayikorerwa ntibamenye ko ari yo. On a separate note, Tracy is full of life. She has vibes and is loveable, a queen❤ I wish you all the best life can offer, Tracy. 😍
Love this show 👍👌 nkubu hari audience twe tutareba bakajya bakoma amashyi...nkubu Tracey ari kuvuga ibintu byubaka abantu benshi.... Cgw benshi bacamo cgw baciyemo...
Thank you very much guys, God bless you. and then people should have empathy. how would you react if they are hurting your relatives or your parents? let love dominate our hearts, we do not create people. just look at how beautiful Tracy is? we are all beautiful in the world and everyone matters! Let's love one another.❤
I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well.Psalm 139:14..…... Everyone is beautiful on his or her own ....thanks beautiful tracy for you wonderful message .. be blessed all the team 💕
Izo ni imvugo ikoreshwa na bene wacu bo muri Afurika. Tureba,tuvuga,tubabazwa n'ibitatureba. Umuntu ananuka, abyibuha, asaza,.....ugereranije na nde? Kubyibuha, kunanuka, gusaza,gusa gutya,kureshya gutya,....by'undi muntu bigutwaye iki kugeza aho ubura amahoro? Wowe ni wowe, njye ni njye,we ni we. Imvugo zikomeretsa,kwitegereza umuntu, byerekana imitekerereze iciriritse. Abakemuye ibyo byose, bakoresha imvugo yitwa ngo:"Ibyo bikureba ho iki?[Mind of your business]
Well said Tracy the sky is no longer the limit thanks for the wonderful message I hope whoever listens spreads the word. Self love self acceptance. 👍✌️ the whole Ishya team mwakoze…
Thank you for talking about this my besto Tracy and blessings to Ishya TV for bringing out this topic coz this is so insane. We need to rebuke every abuse.
Nyamara ntibakatugire inama ngo twamge kumva. Definitely kubyibuha kuriya it’s not healthy. Am among abantu babyibushye and am trying kunanuka kuko si byiza umuntu ungana kuriya aba ari exposée ku ndwara nyinshi and among that harimo na infertility ku bagore. I am against body shaming 💯 but nanone abatugira inama ntitukazirengagize ngo twumve ko it’s fine no it’s not fine having a +100kg at such a young age.
Sorry for that Tracy's but all is well and this world has many judges but loving for yourself is key of life as you're talking about this:you start from misses.
Nyamara ntibakatugire inama ngo twamge kumva. Definitely kubyibuha kuriya it’s not healthy. Am among abantu babyibushye and am trying kunanuka kuko si byiza umuntu ungana kuriya aba ari exposée ku ndwara nyinshi and among that harimo na infertility ku bagore. I am against body shaming 💯 but nanone abatugira inama ntitukazirengagize ngo twumve ko it’s fine no it’s not fine having a +100kg at such a young age.
I agree with you at 100% . Nanje ndi overweight kandi ndi umuntu avyibuha facilement kuva n'umwana muto ariko ndabirwanya kubera Health. Kuvyibuha cane bizana ibibazo vyinrwara we have to do something. Bivana ningene babivuga nuko muri Africa ntibazi kubwira neza umuntu avyibushe. 😥
I keep telling pipo that am not gonna starve to fit somebody else's fitness or fulfill somebody else's satisfaction😂...ku gasport kanjye gake,ubundi nkarya ibyo ncaka byose😊 nkangana uko ncaka🤸🏽
Self love is good and needed but self care is very important as well, good health is everything obesity has serious health consequences is science not discrimination or body shaming. Consult nutritionist get healthier 🤷🏾♂️ sugar coating doesn’t resolve anything either .
I totally agree with you Shema. As someone who is overweight and has been struggling with my weight since I was a child ,I can assure you that what you just said is true. Overweight or Obese people struggle to acknowledge the fact that being overweight or obese is actually unhealthy. But once you acknowledge it I think you're half way to victory. Let not people throw stones at you " Self love is good and needed but self care is equally important " God richly bless you Shema. Love from Toronto 🇨🇦❤
Sinzi ko ubwiza mbona kuri Tracy mwe mububona she is very very beautiful ❤️I love her🥺nikibajou disi 😍God bless you sha Tracy muzotuzanire aline Gahongayire nawe 🥰🤌
Ubundi uko umuntu ateye nta comment iba ukwiye kujyaho kuko akenshi niko umuntu yisanga, nta ruhare yabigizemo. Uko umuntu ari kose tujye tumukunda uko. Thx Tracy for your testimony, you are beautiful
Byiza cyne kuba waramenye ibanga ryo kwikunda no kuba positive, Tracy uri mwiza cyne kandi ur'umugisha kuri twebwe abagukunda👌
Tracy ni mwiza pe
Ari smart
Yambara neza
Arakijijwe
Ateye neza
Thanks for living for Jesus.
Thanks ladies for this talk
I am small and that's it
I am okay
Nkundwa n,Uwiteka
Tracy ari sympathique cyaneeee ibyo biganiro bikomeze rwose abanyarwanda dukwiye kuva mu bidafite umumaro
Njyewe sinkunda kuvuga mubantu kubera ijwi ryange , nanone ntinya kujya mubantu kuko nyine nanga ibyo bigambo byabo. Ndimunini ariko ntawunterura nditerura ariko barandeba bakamvuga bakampenda rimwe narimwe bakanga kunwara cyane Moto Kandi mbona ntari munini ukabije , nanone ndibuka ndikumwe nabana bange tujya nyagatare baranyishyuje abana Bose Kandi nibato ariko ngo nibanini narababaye ndaceceka ,ngo ntawaterura undi gusa ndikunda pe
Wawuuuu,nukuri mumvugiye ibintu nange nigirira igikomere cy'ukuntu nanutse buri wese abyibazaho arko narabyakiriye
Nakuze bambwira ko ngenda ntambitse ibirenge , nkiri muto iwacu bantaziraga akazina " mutwakazi" byarankurikiranye nkura numva ko ngenda nabi kandi ndimubi!! Nageze igihe numva nakwiremera inzira nzajya ncamo njyenyine!!! Niyo mpuye nabantu bagaseka mbanumva arijye baseka!!! Dore igitangaje niga muri secondaire muri s6 bigeze gutora aba miss mwishuri bangira miss!! Uziko byankomerekeje nkumva ko babikoze kugirango bankwene tout simplement , banseke etc.... kandi nukuri babikoranye urukundo !!! Umva ubu ndubatse mfite abana 2 ariko nubu sinjya mpfa kujya ahantu hateraniye abantu benshi mbanumva bari bunseke, bari bunyange!!! Haribintu byinshiiiii ntagezeho mubuzima kubera icyokintu cyo kumva ko ndimubi!!! Ntaho najya ngo bampe akazi, etc.....!!! Uzi kuba abantu bakugirira icyizere wowe ntacyo wifitiye!!! Biragatsindwaa !!! Ababyeyi bige kubwira abana babo amagambo meza, bababwire ko aribeza etc.... umwana akura yifitiye icyire. Ibihe byiza ndabakunda🥰
Sha neza neza ivyawe bisa ni vyanje nakuze bambwira ngo ntampuka imitego ngo mfise ama x nkura ntinta kuja aho abantu bambona abandi bagaca mumuhanda nge nkashaka inzira nacamo jenyene ngo batambona bakanseka kwishuri nkigunga nataha nyuma yabandi kugira batanseka sinigeze niha icizere na nubu mbonako ataco maze mu buzima nta cuti ngira ntinya nabantu bose muri rusange ariko harigihe mbaza umuntu ngo ubona ntambuka gute?? Ngo ugenda neza amaguru yawe ntakibazo afise ariko toujours je mbona menga abantu baranseka iyo ndi kugenda vyatumye ntinya abantu sinshobora kuraba umuntu mumaso ngira isoni kandi vyaye 3 nimyaka 30 ariko vyaranyangije cane ubu ntuye iburayi ariko kubera ibikomere nakuranye birangoye kuhaba kubera gutinya abantu no kutigirira icizere mba mbona ntamumaro mfise pe.nikibazo gikomeye.murakoze .
@@gorethniyonsaba8265 yoooo turimpanga sha nanjye ngira isoni cyaneeee byabaye nkuburwayi!!! Iburayi hoho niyo umutware wanjye avuze ibyo kujyayo ngira ubwoba bwinshiiii nkibaza ukuntu nzabaho ngezeyo!! Depression yanyica nukuri
Ibikomere muri société yacu! Nabiciyemo : agahanga, kunanuka, amazuru…….
Twihangane
Nikintu gikomeye kiri muri society nanjye byambayeho nakuze ndimuto cyane kugeza nubu abantu bakanyita nyiranyoni abandi ngondagakecuru nubu nabaye umugore mfite ibiro 47 ark sindabasha kwiyakira p
Nanjye nakuranye icyogisebo cyokuba muto
Tracy my beautiful inside and outside!!! You're lovable, you're sympathetic, you're a role model my daughters!! You are a good friend of Jesus Christ. NDAGUKUNDA!! Shine shine in Jesus name
Yes Tracy wamvugiye ibintu bahoraga bambwiraga ngo narananutse ngo meze nk'ijyini ubundi ngo ndarwaye hm! Amahirwe nagize sinigeze nita kuri byo kuko nari nzi uwo ndi we ! Nyuma baza kubona bitandukanye
Sha abantu banegura imiterere yabandi baransetsa cyane. Ubwiza rwose buterwa nubureba. Buriwese nimwiza ugize ubuzima buzira umuze nibwo bwiza burenze ubundi bwose.
Ibihe tugezemo nta muntu ugihangayikishwa na physique ye , ushatse kunanuka igihe abyibushye kandi bimubangamiye agana abaganga babifiteho ubumenyi bakamurangiriza ikibazo cye no kubananutse cyane bibangamiye nabo nuko no kubakobwa bashaka kuba abahungu no kubahungu bashaka kuba abakobwa no kubantu bagufi bifuza kuba barebare no kubantu barebare cyane bashaka kubigabanya nabafite amazuru manini bashaka kuyagira mato ........, abantu bagitinda kuri physique muri iyi air turimo uko waba umeze kose bazabivugaho.
This was a kind of conversation much needed. Thank you for sharing all the knowledge. Our community needs to stop body shaming, and start accepting our differences. Much love keep up the good work❤️
What are those differences you are referring to?
@@_trust9994 I guess she is refering to body differences in this context. I might be wrong.
Body shaming ni ikintu kibi cyane. Mbabazwa n'uko abantu benshi batayizi bigatuma bayikora abandi bakayikorerwa ntibamenye ko ari yo. On a separate note, Tracy is full of life. She has vibes and is loveable, a queen❤ I wish you all the best life can offer, Tracy. 😍
Love this show 👍👌 nkubu hari audience twe tutareba bakajya bakoma amashyi...nkubu Tracey ari kuvuga ibintu byubaka abantu benshi....
Cgw benshi bacamo cgw baciyemo...
Thank you very much guys, God bless you. and then people should have empathy. how would you react if they are hurting your relatives or your parents? let love dominate our hearts, we do not create people. just look at how beautiful Tracy is? we are all beautiful in the world and everyone matters! Let's love one another.❤
Sha Tracy urakoze pe. Nange bamaze iminsi bambwira ngo ningabanye ibiro nzabone ikanzu inkwira mubukwe. Ntabwo biba byoroshye
I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well.Psalm 139:14..…... Everyone is beautiful on his or her own ....thanks beautiful tracy for you wonderful message .. be blessed all the team 💕
Tracy I love ❤️ sister bihorere wibanire na Yesu wacu ❤️🙏🙏
Izo ni imvugo ikoreshwa na bene wacu bo muri Afurika. Tureba,tuvuga,tubabazwa n'ibitatureba. Umuntu ananuka, abyibuha, asaza,.....ugereranije na nde? Kubyibuha, kunanuka, gusaza,gusa gutya,kureshya gutya,....by'undi muntu bigutwaye iki kugeza aho ubura amahoro? Wowe ni wowe, njye ni njye,we ni we. Imvugo zikomeretsa,kwitegereza umuntu, byerekana imitekerereze iciriritse. Abakemuye ibyo byose, bakoresha imvugo yitwa ngo:"Ibyo bikureba ho iki?[Mind of your business]
Ndagukunda cyane kuko njyewe ndananutse cyane pe ariko byaneye igikomere giteye umbwoba ariko imana yankuyahe
You are soo adorable Tracy, soo powerful and inspiring! Wakoze kuba mukiganiro!
Sha ngewe aho nashatse abavukana numugbi wanjye baranyanga cyanee ngo nuko mbyibushye mbese ndi nkikivumwa nitwa urwo nitwa icyo mbese sindumuntu kuribo ngo ndi igicecuru
Tracy your beautiful your wise & blessed. Wishing you all the best.
U just got yourself a new sub!
I love that Rwandan women are opening these kinds of conversations. I am soo happy and grateful 🙌🏾🤍
Ntimuzi ukuntu nakuze nanga ikirenge cyanjye😥kuburyo niyumuntu yandebaga kubirenge nahitaga mwanga.ibyobibaho ariko birashira nasobanukiwe nezako Turemye mwishusho y'Imana so buri wese nimwiza bitewe nuko umuremyi abishataka cg yabishatse
Yooo wanyoye vinaigre irakwangiza urumva byakugizeho n'ingaruka, buriya kunanuka warabyifuje ariko byakozwe mu buryo butari bwiza nta gucika intage courage ,hari abaganga babishinzwe bagushyira Ku mirire ikwiye kandi ntibigutere ingaruka n'igifu ntigipfuke mu mwaka umwe ibiro byaba byagabanutse cyane ,ikibazo ubunini bukabije imvugo z'abantu gusa sicyo kibazo ahubwo bitera indwara zitandukanye zigira ingaruka Ku buzima
Tracy I love you so much for sure you’re so beautiful sweetheart and I love the way you look always🥰🥰 ,your advice is very important
Tracy she is a loving soul,
Thank you Tracy 💚❤️ this surely helped me🙏 God bless you
I love you sweet Tracy 💕
Tracy mumenye vuba ariko icyo nishimiye she is a real servant of God! She is so lovely and beautiful!
Well said Tracy the sky is no longer the limit thanks for the wonderful message I hope whoever listens spreads the word. Self love self acceptance. 👍✌️ the whole Ishya team mwakoze…
Gasaro uri mwiza ahubwo undangire aho ugurira imyenda kuko uraberwa
Muramfashije pe, thank you my sister
U're loved Tracy mwiza! Yesu akomezeakwishimire!
Yoo Tracy urimwiza cyane the way you are. Mwese muri beza pee kuko our God can't make any mistake in anything He does.
Love u so much Tracy ntiwobuza umuntu kuvuga urimwiza cyane💓
Such a beauty!
Powerful interview Tracy 🙌
You’re loved Tracy 😍
So true ! Body shaming must stop niba umuntu tutabasha kukugira muremure,cg ngo agushyire urugingo abona ubura yagiye yicecekera!
Ignore bad reviews and keep shining 💃🏽 you are very beautiful Tracy👌
Thank you ladies😍😍 I love Tracy ❤be blessed all of you this topic was so good , you help me so much 👏❤
Wauw murakoze cyane ikiganiro kiza Tracy uri mwiza vraiment courage
Thank you for talking about this my besto Tracy and blessings to Ishya TV for bringing out this topic coz this is so insane. We need to rebuke every abuse.
Nkunda ukuntu mutangira musuhuzanya mubazanya uko mu meze kdi mwishimiranye ndabakunda cyane
Tracy uramaze period
Tracy you are excellent Lady
we loveee you so much ikibajoux 😍😍😘🤩
Tracy urimwiza caneee 💞💞💗
Ohhh God abamotari bo noneho sinzi ko bazarekera kwinjira mubuzima bwabantu
Ibyo narinziko arijye bibaho 😓
Positive mindset ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Tracy very lovely and confident girl ndagukunda
Yego sweetheart agasaro njyewe ngana nawe mumubyibuho gusa abantu ntabwo twabashimisha
Tracy I just love you🤩
Courage mukobwa mwiza.
Thanks Tracy ❤️It’s ibi Bajou for me😀😍
Thanks kuri content nziza ,next time muzatumire Aline gahongayire azadyha message nziza trancy yakoze cyane
Be blessed Tracy😘
Woow you melted my heart with this topic, body-shaming someone doesn't change who they are but show how insecure you are.
Bihorere ikingenzi nuko twese twaremwe ni lmana
Ndamukunda disi Tracy yooooh ❤️❤️❤️
Tracy, umubyibuho ushobora kurangira ukoze cyane Regime ni sport. Ntuzigere wakira ikintu kumubiri wawe gishobora guhinduka❤️❤️❤️
Fun fact: kubyibuha ntibivuze ko ari unhealthy. Kandi rero I don't think ko dukwiye kujya dutanga Inama tutasabwe. Just my opinion
@@NeneRwanda ngaho re! Ngaho byibuha rero .
@@NeneRwanda kabisa
Nyamara ntibakatugire inama ngo twamge kumva. Definitely kubyibuha kuriya it’s not healthy. Am among abantu babyibushye and am trying kunanuka kuko si byiza umuntu ungana kuriya aba ari exposée ku ndwara nyinshi and among that harimo na infertility ku bagore. I am against body shaming 💯 but nanone abatugira inama ntitukazirengagize ngo twumve ko it’s fine no it’s not fine having a +100kg at such a young age.
Ariko rero umulinga avuze ukuri aramutse abikeneye kugabanya ibiro byashoboka rwose pe.ndumva rero atavuze nabi.yashakaga gusobanura ko ntakidashoboka
Tracy ngukunda mumabara yose peeeeeee kdi njyewe ngana nawe mumubyibuho gusa nanone ntufite gutekereza kubabtuvugaho
First uri mwiza cyane ndetse
Uraberwa birenze (you are so beautiful)
Exactly Tracy I love you keep that positivity mind
Tracy ndagukunda cyanee ndumurundikazu ntuye muri leta nzunzubumwe zabarabu nabonye ikiganiro wakoranye 1k studio haracyiye igihe ndagukunda cyaneee we na irene Patrick ♥ nabashyinze nokuri profil ya wastap ndabakunda caynee muvyumve ntabazi ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤✍
Wise girl l love her
You don't have to be slim in order to fill beautiful!!
Nuko urigukoresha imvugo y icyongereza cyane simbyumve kd nanjye ndashaka kugukurikirana nanjye ndi munini
my Blood Tracy you are so strong woman, Love u!!!!!!!!!!!!!
she is very beautiful Tracy i lov u
Twitter is surely not for the faint hearted it is for the comic figures the jokers ones who understand the jokes and can rhyme and mingle…
Nimpamo rwose nabananutse twaragowe😂😂😂mutuvuganire
Tracy kamata bzuuu🥰🥰
Ihangane nshuti gusa birababaje uburozi bibi namagambo gusa kumenya Yesu akakomora ibikomere byose
Wowww thx vrmnt for the topic
Mana weee. Iyi tv na yi ta ngaho ubu ha mya gute
Murakoze cyane bakobwa beza k'ubw'iki kiganiro cy'ingenzi n'inkomezi, Tracy uri mwiza maama😍, Iradukunda, Cyuzuzo, Christella, Cyiza ; Hobeee kandi Mudukorera umuti, muri ab'igikundiro😘😘😘😘
Murasobanutse bakobwa beza naba mama
sorry siter Imana niyo irema umuntu kandi urakundwa be stronger we all love you
Sorry for that Tracy's but all is well and this world has many judges but loving for yourself is key of life as you're talking about this:you start from misses.
Nyamara ntibakatugire inama ngo twamge kumva. Definitely kubyibuha kuriya it’s not healthy. Am among abantu babyibushye and am trying kunanuka kuko si byiza umuntu ungana kuriya aba ari exposée ku ndwara nyinshi and among that harimo na infertility ku bagore. I am against body shaming 💯 but nanone abatugira inama ntitukazirengagize ngo twumve ko it’s fine no it’s not fine having a +100kg at such a young age.
I agree with you at 100% . Nanje ndi overweight kandi ndi umuntu avyibuha facilement kuva n'umwana muto ariko ndabirwanya kubera Health. Kuvyibuha cane bizana ibibazo vyinrwara we have to do something. Bivana ningene babivuga nuko muri Africa ntibazi kubwira neza umuntu avyibushe. 😥
U are right ✅
Hoya nibyo rwose nuko twanga kumva ukuri kuko kuryana
They need to leave this beautiful girl alone. Société nyarwanda irakabije mu mitekerereze dore categories zabantu batotezwa ntampamvu muri rwandan society: abatinze kubyara, ngaho ngo umukobwa yatinze gushaka itotezwa rigatangira, ngaho abanini, ngaho abinanukiye, ngaho abifiye different disabilities( physical, mental), liste ni ndende kandi urebye buri wese yakwisangamo kuko Noone will ever be perfect physically, mentally, morally etc, please mukomeze kujya mukora ibiganiro nkibi nitugira amahirwa some mentalities will change
Incwiii ndagukunda Tracy
Most of the times those sharing negative comments, they are projecting their fears and insecurities to others and hiding behind the shadows.
😍😍
Nice topic girls 👏👏😍
Agasaro wacu
Njye sinkunda Squid game
Labakunda nukuri❤️
Can u add tissues on the table in case u ladies becomes emotional and cry plzzzzzzz!!!!
Iwacu ho baguha surnom ijyanye na défaut yawe: Mazuru, Maguru , gatwakazi…..
Umuntu mugufi bamwita gasongo kweli!
WOW… Body shaming has to stop.
😍
I keep telling pipo that am not gonna starve to fit somebody else's fitness or fulfill somebody else's satisfaction😂...ku gasport kanjye gake,ubundi nkarya ibyo ncaka byose😊 nkangana uko ncaka🤸🏽
@Ber ry I've just liked you and I don't even know you,,, jya wirira rata
Self love is good and needed but self care is very important as well, good health is everything obesity has serious health consequences is science not discrimination or body shaming. Consult nutritionist get healthier 🤷🏾♂️ sugar coating doesn’t resolve anything either .
Ese wibwirako ari mwe banyabwenge mufite aya makuru gusa?
Kubyibuha biterwa numubiri w'umuntu. Wasanga wowe urya byinshi kumurusha cg urya isukali iruta iyo Arya. Ujye wicecekera kuko ntabyuzi.
@@globalvisualizationgis2855 usubije nkumuntu mukuru
I totally agree with you Shema. As someone who is overweight and has been struggling with my weight since I was a child ,I can assure you that what you just said is true. Overweight or Obese people struggle to acknowledge the fact that being overweight or obese is actually unhealthy. But once you acknowledge it I think you're half way to victory. Let not people throw stones at you " Self love is good and needed but self care is equally important " God richly bless you Shema. Love from Toronto 🇨🇦❤
Mbakunda kubi ba dames beza
I like this talk but your image quality needs improvement.
@vestine shami what do you mean by “image quality?” Do you mean the video quality or Tracy’s looks needs improvement?
Bajya bakureka ko twese tuzapfa