I've taken up astronomy as a hobby in retirement and M1, the Crab Nebula isn't easy to see with small aperture telescopes. I could just make it out with a 150mm (6 inches) telescope as it is rather dim, an 8" is better and you can use a broadband filter to help make the gases stand out. I put a filter on my 150mm and it just disappeared. Now you can take long exposure photos with a smaller scope, but for observing a 250mm telescope is better. To observe the Andromeda Galaxy which is 3 arc degrees wide (Moon is half a degree) you need a 12" scope to see some of its spiral arms. Do not think for a minute that what you'll see with a telescope is going to look like Hubble photos. There are programs that will stack the best of a video of a planet and show a great picture, but you need to do AutoStakkert correctly. It isn't hard, but it helps if you learn to take the video correctly. One of the biggest mistakes I see done is over-powering too small of a telescope. Running 300x through a 102mm Maksutov will mostly be blurry.
Hey Fraser, question: If stable traversable wormholes were possible, what would happen when we threw one end into a black hole? Would it transport the singularity to the other side? Or would it create a second event horizon around the other side?
Relativity Space is getting dangerously close on their funding. This was their prime motivator on abandoning Terran One and quickly shifting to Terran R. The money is coming down to the wire for them soon. So, they’re making the most of what they have left, in hopes of pulling off an eleventh hour success.
Isn’t it fun that intercontinental ballistic missiles are now in the reach of small startup companies with decent engineers and off the shelf hardware?
Question that came up when thinking about the magnetometer for finding Ganymede water... What if there were two crafts orbiting a moon/planet opposite each other, sandwiching it? Could you beam anything from one to the other, through the moon, to gain insight? (Or at all? Could you penetrate a planet with something a puny craft can beam?) Is/was there any such device planned/tested? Maybe around Earth, for a start? Is there a theoretical advantage? (I realize a whole other craft is not cheap) Thanks a bunch!
As for the LEGO Moon, it would be better to have it as a 3 dimensional globe, just like their globe set. In fact, Lego could use that globe format for other worlds in our solar system and beyond!
Wow, a roll-up primary mirror that can unroll into a parabolic surface. It can't be perfect by itself but it's flexible so it could be spread out on a parabolic base that also folds (maybe like an umbrella) and has many tiny adjustment pistons to perfect the figure. How big can it get?
A camera can take around say 1 photo every 2 seconds, take say 400 then discard all the blurry images, and stack the sharp ones to get a better photo, using say Siril !
QUESTION This popped in my head while you were talking about flexible lenses. Is there any potential way to make liquid mirrors work in space? I understand of course that 0-G makes fluids work very differently and other issues, but could it not be overcome in some way to make enormous mirrors?
@@smenor Oh hey thanks I had no idea, I guess he puts out so much content I must have not consciously registered it! Of course people have thought about it, and now I know what video I'm looking for next :D Is it a NIAC thing?
@@griffinbeaumont7049 It has been a NIAC project at least once but I don't think his specifically were on one ( though he has such a corpus I could easily have missed that too :) ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160009293/downloads/20160009293.pdf ruclips.net/video/MCHK0wJIt8A/видео.html
Fraser, there is a limit of chemical rocket energy versus the gravity well from where you launch it. Could a fire-works-type black powder rocket launched from the moon theoretically reach moon orbit or even obtain escape velocity? This is a question for your Q+A show, which I watch every week in replay. Thanks.
Ganymede beats Europa in another way, it's one of only two major Jovian moons that could realistically be colonized, the other being Callisto. There's also the more distant future possibility of terraforming.
Question : Hi Fraser, I imagine that when Thea crashed into proto-earth 3.5 Billion years ago a lot of debris was thrown and impacted around the rest of the solar system. Can you outline what would be the potential impacts on Earth today If the same Thea sized object today hit Venus?, Mars?, Jupiter or Uranus? Would it endanger us? Alex
The problem with AI (which I assume means here deep neural network) is that it is NOT an algorithm, so you never know exactly what it does. Feeding data to it to "clean" is inherently non-scientific, because it is always an "interpretive" exercise (by the neural network). It certainly does pretty images.
I have question for the question show. We read about a "crisis in cosmology", because one method of measuring the expansion does not agree with a different measurement. IIRC, the method using the CMB does not agree with a method using Cephid variables. Notably, the CMB shows a smaller expansion rate than the Cephid method. It seems to me that CMB was set very early (like 300k years after bang). The Cepids showed up much later (how much later?) It seems likely to me that that the expansion rate may change between the CMB time and the Cepid time. Do we accept that the expansion rate is not constant over time? Those two rates are two data points that show the acceleration over that time. Please find a way to measure the current expansion, so we may put a third data point on that. The Hubble constant is not constant. Please estimate the acceleration in expansion, in the correct units of course.
250kg to orbit? An Apollo EMU (lunar surface space suit) was 91kg. An average adult male is likewise about 90kg. That's enough mass left over for a parachute, just in case something happens on descent. (I can't find the mass of a B-58 or XB-70 ejection capsule.)
Wont machine learning just feed you what you would expect from the training data? I mean if you have real images from a space telescope use the space telescope.
They don't have real images from the space telescope. It is a very complex arrangement of detectors that are not detecting visible light. You're trying to make an image without any optical data not to mention your data is in 10k different pieces that you must stitch together without a full understanding of the picture you're attempting to construct.
I still think that the output of the artificial intelligence is more like an artist's impression. If the atmosphere is dynamic with different amount and direction of blur at any given instant, then how can it map to a clean output without somehow measuring the distortion? The lego seems to not allow enough creative freedom to design other things than the actual map of the moon.
That space plane ain't gonna work. But, Virgin Orbit didn't really have anything to do with a SSTO space plane -- just a way to launch from particular locations, get out of weather, etc.
@@Reyajhnot us. A generation from the future will though. If we find the right fuel and the stars align(perhaps literally) a young child today could hear news of a ship entering the alpha solar system. Possible but more likely it will be several generations out. Have faith in humanity. Slow and steady wins the race.
@@christophermullins7163 I know... I meant our generation(s) alive now. It just saddens me that at 5 years old one of my earliest memories is watching the Apollo Astronauts land on the moon with my brother and Dad as Dad told me to never forget that day!! I would've thought we'd be on Mars by now, easily... But, I also remember all my friends and pretty much my whole generation saying why waste our time with all that, we got too many problems right here. What they failed to realize was that all our answers are up (out) there... Oh well, I totally get the building cathedrals thing too... We just need to keep pressing on. -Cheers m8! Thanks!
You make it sound like Virgin Orbit's bankruptcy was inevitable. It wasn't; it was due to initial underfunding, overspending, and one launch failure. In fact, it may return -- and IMO The Angry Astronaut makes a good case for why it should.
Question. Did Schiaparelli and Lowell et al get a raw deal from the writers of history regarding the "canals" on Mars? Anyone looking at modern pictures of Valles Marineris could be forgiven for thinking they were a product of civilization. Admittedly the drawings produced don't show it, apart from possibly 1 or 2, but they are there and could have been seen by them, yet all we get now in history is "spectacular fail" for the whole episode.
@@frasercain did it figure it out on its own, or did they patch in a special case? Debugging is harder than programming, hence AI won't be able to fix its own bugs
The machine didn't help much in the thumbnail and looks like it decided to just do its own impression and lessened the bright accretion disk for something generic. I wouldn't hire the AI for future projects. Let's not "clean up" what we enjoy and see. Nothing cleaned up far as I can tell. Maybe just allow it to do background work. Yeah, exactly, don't let it add "what isn't there.."!
No offense, it doesn't seem like you guys know a lot about how AI works. AI is not magic.. every single step of the process and every decision the ai makes is fully cataloged, measured and verified by astronomers. Why would these engineers put their name behind an image that they hadn't verified the accuracy and validity of? AI has a lot going on but not so much that you can't see how it made the decision it made. It is good at processing a lot of data and comparing all of data at once time. Which humans are not able to do. Not here to argue or offend.. just my observation.
before artemis III i need a chance to ask so i need you to help get them to terraform the moon or if you have a chance to go to the moon you can ask up there just as possitive feedback. thank you.
If the event horizon telescope images are real, shouldn't they be able to reconstruct a much wider image than just around the black hole? since it's computational interferometry and the radio telescopes could not have such tight FOV, the data must represent a much wider FOV that could be rendered. And help hold dem accountable. Instead of these manually massaged blobs.
I don't know why all of a sudden now that AI is in the public mind more, people are saying that machine learning is not Artificial Intelligence. Maybe as people more commonly understand the techniques there is this opinion that it's not "real intelligence like humans." But of course actual AI researchers will continue using the term in the sense as they have all these years, and implemeting those techniques into applications like this example, and this very site. This process of shifting opinions is called the AI effect. As soon as a computer can do something that previously only humans could, that thing stops being seen as AI. It's a semantic thing whether or not you want to call it AI, but the capabilities are real of course
I love your content and presentation. However, your ethereal background music drives me crazy. In some videos it is so loud that I just have to exit. In others it is just distracting and annoying. Would it be possible to make the music monaural (just in right or left soundtrack) so that it can be turned off?
Hah, we're still working out the best way to incorporate it. So many people tell us they think it's really cool, while others hate it. We don't have it in the interviews or podcast editions, so that might be a better way to listen to the content.
![Revolutionary 100-Kilometer Space Telescope [NIAC 2023]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/l8NZDimTlwM/mqdefault.jpg)
![Blox Fruits Dragon Rework Update [Full Stream]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/EqDAp8udhm0/mqdefault.jpg)
Best part of the week for me is grabbing a cup of coffee on Saturday morning and watching through the videos you posted throughout the week
"Ganymede is the new Europa" 😂 i might have to put that on a Tshirt
Ganymede is the New Europa - I want that on a T Shirt
Let's crowd fund one. I'm in.
Ganymede more like Granny's... Mead. Hyuck hyuck hyuck.
"I think you want more Ganymede." Yes. I guess I do.
Was so nice seeing juice launch 😍
Great job Fraser + team … love your vids 👍👍👍
Thanks for doing what you do!
Too fascinating.
It’s about time you and Dustin got together now you are all set up and the weather is improving. I can’t wait to see what he sets you up with 😊
I'm excited because I didn't know before that Lego had started making 3x3 curved tiles in 2021
Oooohhhhhh!
I've taken up astronomy as a hobby in retirement and M1, the Crab Nebula isn't easy to see with small aperture telescopes. I could just make it out with a 150mm (6 inches) telescope as it is rather dim, an 8" is better and you can use a broadband filter to help make the gases stand out. I put a filter on my 150mm and it just disappeared. Now you can take long exposure photos with a smaller scope, but for observing a 250mm telescope is better. To observe the Andromeda Galaxy which is 3 arc degrees wide (Moon is half a degree) you need a 12" scope to see some of its spiral arms. Do not think for a minute that what you'll see with a telescope is going to look like Hubble photos.
There are programs that will stack the best of a video of a planet and show a great picture, but you need to do AutoStakkert correctly. It isn't hard, but it helps if you learn to take the video correctly. One of the biggest mistakes I see done is over-powering too small of a telescope. Running 300x through a 102mm Maksutov will mostly be blurry.
That's really helpful advice, ty for posting this ❤❤❤
Amazing information, thanks for providing high quality, detailed content.
yeah they are going to make this set, thanks fraser ;).
So the AI helping astronomy is an actual “zoom and enhance”.
great news about JUICE, now long wait for more news
Hey Fraser, question:
If stable traversable wormholes were possible, what would happen when we threw one end into a black hole? Would it transport the singularity to the other side? Or would it create a second event horizon around the other side?
The LEGO set will be so expensive. I don't think is going to be produced.
There are a lot of expensive LEGO sets out there. Collectors will buy them.
Thanks a bunch, Fraser! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
That Lego moon Is AWESOME HOLY
Thats something :P
Relativity Space is getting dangerously close on their funding. This was their prime motivator on abandoning Terran One and quickly shifting to Terran R. The money is coming down to the wire for them soon. So, they’re making the most of what they have left, in hopes of pulling off an eleventh hour success.
Yeah, I really hope they're able to succeed with the Terran -R. It would be nice to have more competition.
Isn’t it fun that intercontinental ballistic missiles are now in the reach of small startup companies with decent engineers and off the shelf hardware?
Thankfully not the GPS components
Yeah I’ve thought about that a lot. Elon Musk has a whole fleet of ICBMs 😬
I think that's a Hubble pic of Cas A supernova. Diffraction pattern around the stars in the image match Hubble not JWST
Question that came up when thinking about the magnetometer for finding Ganymede water... What if there were two crafts orbiting a moon/planet opposite each other, sandwiching it? Could you beam anything from one to the other, through the moon, to gain insight? (Or at all? Could you penetrate a planet with something a puny craft can beam?) Is/was there any such device planned/tested? Maybe around Earth, for a start? Is there a theoretical advantage? (I realize a whole other craft is not cheap) Thanks a bunch!
As for the LEGO Moon, it would be better to have it as a 3 dimensional globe, just like their globe set. In fact, Lego could use that globe format for other worlds in our solar system and beyond!
Wow, a roll-up primary mirror that can unroll into a parabolic surface. It can't be perfect by itself but it's flexible so it could be spread out on a parabolic base that also folds (maybe like an umbrella) and has many tiny adjustment pistons to perfect the figure. How big can it get?
A camera can take around say 1 photo every 2 seconds, take say 400 then discard all the blurry images, and stack the sharp ones to get a better photo, using say Siril !
QUESTION
This popped in my head while you were talking about flexible lenses. Is there any potential way to make liquid mirrors work in space? I understand of course that 0-G makes fluids work very differently and other issues, but could it not be overcome in some way to make enormous mirrors?
not only is there, Fraser has actually done some interviews with people working on just that
@@smenor Oh hey thanks I had no idea, I guess he puts out so much content I must have not consciously registered it! Of course people have thought about it, and now I know what video I'm looking for next :D
Is it a NIAC thing?
@@griffinbeaumont7049
It has been a NIAC project at least once but I don't think his specifically were on one ( though he has such a corpus I could easily have missed that too :)
ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20160009293/downloads/20160009293.pdf
ruclips.net/video/MCHK0wJIt8A/видео.html
Fraser, there is a limit of chemical rocket energy versus the gravity well from where you launch it. Could a fire-works-type black powder rocket launched from the moon theoretically reach moon orbit or even obtain escape velocity? This is a question for your Q+A show, which I watch every week in replay. Thanks.
Boosting this, this'd be a great Q&A question ❤
So, could a 1 meter rolled telescope be launched into LEO as a 10u linear cubesat, for very cheap?
Roll it around the outside of the cubesat. :-). We'll have to see how it actually deploys though.
anybody got a link with like a map of how far JUICE is? i wanna make a joke like "1 day down, 2922 days left"
You did it without the map. Good job😊
Ganymede beats Europa in another way, it's one of only two major Jovian moons that could realistically be colonized, the other being Callisto. There's also the more distant future possibility of terraforming.
Question :
Hi Fraser,
I imagine that when Thea crashed into proto-earth 3.5 Billion years ago a lot of debris was thrown and impacted around the rest of the solar system.
Can you outline what would be the potential impacts on Earth today If the same Thea sized object today hit Venus?, Mars?, Jupiter or Uranus? Would it endanger us?
Alex
The problem with AI (which I assume means here deep neural network) is that it is NOT an algorithm, so you never know exactly what it does. Feeding data to it to "clean" is inherently non-scientific, because it is always an "interpretive" exercise (by the neural network).
It certainly does pretty images.
Would a high school student, working there part time, do any better?
Europa already has a site spec'd out to be the first Starbucks.
The Universe is full of stuff! 😎
No way!
@@ericv738 For one thing it is full of gas, just like me! 🤭
I have question for the question show. We read about a "crisis in cosmology", because one method of measuring the expansion does not agree with a different measurement. IIRC, the method using the CMB does not agree with a method using Cephid variables. Notably, the CMB shows a smaller expansion rate than the Cephid method. It seems to me that CMB was set very early (like 300k years after bang). The Cepids showed up much later (how much later?) It seems likely to me that that the expansion rate may change between the CMB time and the Cepid time. Do we accept that the expansion rate is not constant over time? Those two rates are two data points that show the acceleration over that time. Please find a way to measure the current expansion, so we may put a third data point on that. The Hubble constant is not constant. Please estimate the acceleration in expansion, in the correct units of course.
250kg to orbit? An Apollo EMU (lunar surface space suit) was 91kg. An average adult male is likewise about 90kg. That's enough mass left over for a parachute, just in case something happens on descent. (I can't find the mass of a B-58 or XB-70 ejection capsule.)
That would be... Exciting.
Wont machine learning just feed you what you would expect from the training data? I mean if you have real images from a space telescope use the space telescope.
Space telescope arent close to enough
They don't have real images from the space telescope. It is a very complex arrangement of detectors that are not detecting visible light. You're trying to make an image without any optical data not to mention your data is in 10k different pieces that you must stitch together without a full understanding of the picture you're attempting to construct.
QUESTION: How damaging are these rocket launches to the Stratosphere?
We actually covered this on Universe Today. Here's a story about it: www.universetoday.com/156449/more-rocket-launches-could-damage-the-ozone-layer/
I still think that the output of the artificial intelligence is more like an artist's impression. If the atmosphere is dynamic with different amount and direction of blur at any given instant, then how can it map to a clean output without somehow measuring the distortion?
The lego seems to not allow enough creative freedom to design other things than the actual map of the moon.
That space plane ain't gonna work. But, Virgin Orbit didn't really have anything to do with a SSTO space plane -- just a way to launch from particular locations, get out of weather, etc.
It was more about how rocket companies often go out of business. They're almost always on a razor's edge of going bankrupt.
Why take such a long route to Jupiter ? Haven’t there been missions that got there much faster?
They are into delayed gratification.
I know, I was thinking, that's almost a decade to get there. And it's just past The asteroid belt... We're never gonna
see even the nearest stars :(
Those faster missions used more powerful rockets & then used ion drives…
@@Reyajhnot us. A generation from the future will though. If we find the right fuel and the stars align(perhaps literally) a young child today could hear news of a ship entering the alpha solar system. Possible but more likely it will be several generations out. Have faith in humanity. Slow and steady wins the race.
@@christophermullins7163 I know... I meant our generation(s) alive now. It just saddens me that at 5 years old one of my earliest memories is watching the Apollo Astronauts land on the moon with my brother and Dad as Dad told me to never forget that day!! I would've thought we'd be on Mars by now, easily... But, I also remember all my friends and pretty much my whole generation saying why waste our time with all that, we got too many problems right here. What they failed to realize was that all our answers are up (out) there... Oh well, I totally get the building cathedrals thing too... We just need to keep pressing on. -Cheers m8! Thanks!
You make it sound like Virgin Orbit's bankruptcy was inevitable. It wasn't; it was due to initial underfunding, overspending, and one launch failure. In fact, it may return -- and IMO The Angry Astronaut makes a good case for why it should.
More like space is hard.
Question. Did Schiaparelli and Lowell et al get a raw deal from the writers of history regarding the "canals" on Mars? Anyone looking at modern pictures of Valles Marineris could be forgiven for thinking they were a product of civilization.
Admittedly the drawings produced don't show it, apart from possibly 1 or 2, but they are there and could have been seen by them, yet all we get now in history is "spectacular fail" for the whole episode.
Please no more AI hype. Let it predict how many fingers a hand is supposed to have before you give it astrophysics homework
The latest pictures from Midjourney are pretty great. They've nailed hands.
@@frasercain did it figure it out on its own, or did they patch in a special case? Debugging is harder than programming, hence AI won't be able to fix its own bugs
I'm not sure how they did it. More data?
Starship could put a new space telescope "umbrella" design up to 100 tons and over a km across on the Moon!
The machine didn't help much in the thumbnail and looks like it decided to just do its own impression and lessened the bright accretion disk for something generic. I wouldn't hire the AI for future projects. Let's not "clean up" what we enjoy and see. Nothing cleaned up far as I can tell. Maybe just allow it to do background work. Yeah, exactly, don't let it add "what isn't there.."!
Not to mention it also may or may not use the data from other clearer images and add it to your image
No offense, it doesn't seem like you guys know a lot about how AI works. AI is not magic.. every single step of the process and every decision the ai makes is fully cataloged, measured and verified by astronomers. Why would these engineers put their name behind an image that they hadn't verified the accuracy and validity of? AI has a lot going on but not so much that you can't see how it made the decision it made. It is good at processing a lot of data and comparing all of data at once time. Which humans are not able to do. Not here to argue or offend.. just my observation.
before artemis III i need a chance to ask so i need you to help get them to terraform the moon or if you have a chance to go to
the moon you can ask up there just as possitive feedback. thank you.
No whales on Ganymede.
Maybe whale sharks, but no whales.
Futuristic sportsball rivalry: Ganymedean whale sharks vs Europan space whales.
If the event horizon telescope images are real, shouldn't they be able to reconstruct a much wider image than just around the black hole? since it's computational interferometry and the radio telescopes could not have such tight FOV, the data must represent a much wider FOV that could be rendered. And help hold dem accountable. Instead of these manually massaged blobs.
Nice AI
Fancy algorithms attached to data bases is not Artificial Intelligence
I don't know why all of a sudden now that AI is in the public mind more, people are saying that machine learning is not Artificial Intelligence. Maybe as people more commonly understand the techniques there is this opinion that it's not "real intelligence like humans."
But of course actual AI researchers will continue using the term in the sense as they have all these years, and implemeting those techniques into applications like this example, and this very site.
This process of shifting opinions is called the AI effect. As soon as a computer can do something that previously only humans could, that thing stops being seen as AI. It's a semantic thing whether or not you want to call it AI, but the capabilities are real of course
Lol, after Relativity space has attracted so much investment with overhyped claims, they are now starting to face the facts.
I love your content and presentation. However, your ethereal background music drives me crazy. In some videos it is so loud that I just have to exit. In others it is just distracting and annoying. Would it be possible to make the music monaural (just in right or left soundtrack) so that it can be turned off?
Hah, we're still working out the best way to incorporate it. So many people tell us they think it's really cool, while others hate it. We don't have it in the interviews or podcast editions, so that might be a better way to listen to the content.
Paruveee afar TV il bhaa
You'd better be glad you are stuck under the stupid atmosphere. :-)
So stupid.
The Lego moon looks like bullocks.