Tiwanaku Part 2: The Empire?
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- Опубликовано: 28 июн 2024
- Tiwanaku was a cultural powerhouse that left a staggering legacy in Andean culture. Tiwanaku is often called an empire, but was that really the case?
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Sources and Bibliography: docs.google.com/document/d/1L...
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Just want to say this is exactly the sort of quality, no frills content that I wish there was more of on RUclips. Your videos have, for me, ignited an awe-filled appreciation and curiosity for ancient American history and culture. Look forward to seeing more of this. Keep up the great work my man.
Wow, thank you!
What is your avatar? Germanic? Celtic?
@@dubuyajay9964 It's a Triskelion, I think
I'm subscribed as of this week
Thumbs up for a future Wari episode
Don't you worry! The Wari will have their day in the sun.
@@AncientAmericas
I wont wari. 😖
And let's not forget the Chimu and Muisca to!
I want to e about
@@AncientAmericas you
As a peruvian in love with andean history, I congratulate you for the thoroughness, elegance and eloquence of your channel!
Thank you!
Thank you for this documentary. When it comes to Tiwanaku, there's too many documentaries that harp on the "mystery" and "archaeologists don't know" aspect. You proved that it's not mysterious, and that we do know how that civilization lived. Granted, we don't know everything about them, but it's certainly far more than "we have no idea how these structures came to be. It's a mystery."
Thank you. When I started making this episode, I was amazed at how much junk was out there about Tiwanaku. I'm very glad you appreciated it!
Yeah but the truth and fact is everything he said is speculation lmao.. Just opinions.
I agree, this is what the History channel should be about.
I'm really impressed at the observation/description skills of Pedro de Cieza de Leon. While others of his time were focused only on gold and treasure, he observed the local societies and chronicled them, so we can study it and enjoy it today. Truly a scientist and a visionary. Muchas Gracias, Senior de Cieza de Leon!
I have become addicted to your channel.. The sensitivity you've shown to cultural history is great. Details of tiwanaku agriculture was very interesting. I dont think one can understand Tiwanaku without its agriculture.
Thank you! We all know that civilizations can't run on empty stomachs.
I can't get over how well you thread the line between being genuinely informative while avoiding being dry. I really hope I can find similar channels that look into other areas of ancient history that were neglected by my Euro-centric education.
Thank you! Go to my channel page and see my recommended channels if you want other similar content.
I came across this video because last week I was in Bolivia and got to know Tiwanaku, its quite an impressive place!!
Really hope your channel becomes one of the big history channels on RUclips - the quality of the history, narration, storytelling, and overall video production on all of these has been stellar. Also love how you're so respectful of indigenous cultures and confront the historically prejudicial theories/claims aimed towards groups or archaeological finds. It's been a great addition to my history video binging cycle, hope you keep it up! ❤️
Thank you!
The author of this video uses drawings from Ephraim Squire’s mid to late 1860s trip to Tiwanaku. His stories of seeing signs of professional looting all over Peru are legendary! He specifically mentions being shadowed his entire time in Tiwanaku by an elderly Aymara man, looking for signs of possible treasure. Squire’s book, Peru Illustrated, published in 1877 is well worth the read. The frontispiece is of the gateway to Ollantaytambo valley, which I was lucky enough to visit in 2017.
That frontpiece is impossible; you can't see that from there. The rest of his illustrations and schemata are meticulous and informative. He exaggerates a little, but that comes from his love of the Land of the Incas. I live in Ollantaytambo and host couchsurfers, so if you want a free place to stay check in.
@@adamseward4713
Thanks adam, I actually got to visit that gateway outside of Ollantaytambo. Very cool pre Inca design!
Can't wait for the episode on Chachapoyas! It was my favourite place on my travels throughout South America and the sarcophagi fascinated me and continue to do so
The Chachapoya are very interesting! They'll get their own episode someday.
Just found this channel and I'll be watching previous episodes to bring myself up-to-date.
Another great presentation! A couple of minor quibbles: Pedro de Cieza de Leon was NOT a “conquistador”, but entered Ecuador and Peru from what is now Columbia to suppress the revolt against the king of Spain by the Pizarros. In fact he mentions repeatedly that the damage to the country was caused more by the Spanish civil wars than the conquest itself. His views caused him to fall from favor with the Spanish court, and his full commentaries were suppressed. In addition, the use of Coca was strictly limited by the Inca to elite use and forbidden to the common people. Cieza de Leon writes at length about the spread of cultivation and sale to the common people AFTER the conquest, mentioning how profitable the trade was.
Thank you! I still consider de Leon a conquistador even if he was much more generous in his treatment of the indigenous people. At the end of the day, he was still part of an invasion and I doubt the indigenous people would have made little if any distinction. I did check on the coca and you are correct that. My bad.
@@AncientAmericas
Never doubt my historical knowledge, lol
super cool video, i really love to hear someone cover the less known south american civilizations! one point i'd like to add about coca leaves are that they are also valued for the increased oxygen intake it gives you when chewed, something that is important when wandering the mountains
Thank you! I did not know that about coca leaves.
Effective against thirst, hunger, fatigue, and in some cases, fear of heights.@@AncientAmericas
Dejo mi like, seguro de la gran calidad historica del video, cuando tenga subtitulos lo vere con mas calma...
YES. been waiting for this one, bruv.
I hope you enjoyed it!
Wait til you go. Peru and bolivia are so cool. Ruins are everywhere from many different people.
Lol he really said "bruv".
Nice, you're hardwork definitely pays off. The fact that you're educating many people by spreading not so well known history is something to be very proud of. Thank you
Thank you!
Every time a human culture gets it together enough with the "civilization-toolkit" of Intensive agri, Monolithic stonework, Metalworking & Adv iconography/writing we usually see impressive water-engineering (canals, tce farming, ships for trans & trade, massive reservoirs...), & seems hand-in-glove with expansion/empire-bldg; BUT it still amazes me how water somehow remains THE "Instrument of Fate" - eg. Mega droughts, Catastrophic flooding, Tsunamis, El Nino (esp true in Peru & my birthplace of Queensland, Aust.), Monsoonal rain disruption...odd how it appears to "self-select" to always stay relevant in a make-or-break kind of way..."What the Waters give, the Waters take away"...
Really excellent! Finally someone has set the record straight on Tiwanaku. Thank you. You use an image of the Gateway Tunic in part two. I have studied this textile intensively for over 20 years and have some interesting insights into it. If the author of these videos is interested please get in touch.
I love your videos. They are so interesting and full of information. It’s like taking several courses on the history of the Americas.
Thank you!
This is the most in depth description of this site that I have ever seen. Most videos barely scratch the surface. Well done!
OMG FINALLY !! THANK YOU
(I legit been waiting since the last one came out daily lmao
Sorry for the wait. My computer blew a rod and it took a long time to get it fixed. Thanks for being patient.
@@AncientAmericas Its okay!!! Thank youuuu, take your time!
Love this channel. Equal mention of competing theories. But gives information that has actual archeological evidence. Entertaining yet intellectually and academically honest.
Thank you!
I only found you channel a few weeks ago and have since been working through video after video finding one inspiration after another. I already knew this channel was unique and high quality, but I was still shocked to hear you bring up the *psychological* impact on the people of Tiwanaku that a slow, losing battle with nature must have created. Cultural trauma is a subject we are only beginning to see mainstream recognition of (at least in the US) as it relates to the generational harms inflicted by colonialism, slavery, and social stratification. Hearing someone think about it through the context of the archaeological record is, as a layman, a completely novel experience for me. You are elevating the discourse around these topics on multiple levels my friend, and I see you and what you're creating.
Excellent as always. Thank you for these videos!
My pleasure!
Saludos cordiales desde Bolivia. Gracias por difundir nuestra historia al mundo anglosajon.
This was not a empire but a culture or ideaiology like Buddism or Toaism that then was used in pottery and art work.
Great information and more will be much appreciated. Thank you for the accurate video. Keep them coming
You're welcome!
This is great, really appreciate the bibliography too!
Thank you!
what a great video. love seeing oft overlooked history.
Thank you!
Boo yeah, I’m glad I found this little two-parter video and your channel, this is informative as hell. I love finding no-nonsense videos like this 👍🏼
Thank you!
Another excelent video my friend!
Thank you!
I've been waiting for this ever since the last video. I'm glad this is the first video I am watching after waking up.
Thank you!
very nice presentation, thank you very much!
Thank you!
I super love and appreciate that you give good weight to and explanation of ceramic culture
Thank you!
I mean, I think it’s likely the Wari and Tiwanaku were both empires in the traditional sense. You don’t get something like the Inca empire without historical precedent for it
It's definitely possible.
Hello Viracocha!
How it is to become a deity after abandoning your kingdom at the hands of the chankas with only your non-firstborn son having to defend it?
Surely one empire had to come first, though, right?
Pedro de Cieza deLeon
Pedro de Cieza de Leon, as well as Ephraim George Squire who visited in the mid to late 1860s, mention being addressed as Viracocha by the local Aymara peoples. Squire’s tales of viewing the professional looting of various sites all over Peru are legendary. Squire mentions that while studying the Tiwanaku site an old Aymara man continuously watched his group for hints of finding treasure. His illustrator’s drawings are often used by the author of this video. I highly recommend his very interesting book, Peru Illustrated, published in 1877. The frontispiece of his book is the gateway to the valley of Ollantaytambo, which I was lucky enough to visit in 2017.
What a great video series !
Thank you!
Great work thank you
You're welcome!
I'm so glad I somehow discovered this channel
I'm glad you did too!
You are my go-to channel for early Americas' history, before and settlers came from other countries.
Thank you.
You're welcome!
Great! Thanks again!
Thank you for providing two episodes. Your presentation was wonderful. I visited Lake Titicaca in 2015, but unfortunately did not have this much information available to me at the time. BTW, I am a very happy subscriber!!
Thank you! I'm glad you appreciated it.
This is excellent!
Thank you!
@@AncientAmericas i discovered your channel this week, and absolutely loved it
@@zaraiwzara Thank you!
Amazing educational content. General enough for average people but still dense with lots of information.
Thank you! That's exactly where I'm aiming.
Very good stuff! Cieza de Leon traveled south along the eastern shore of Lake Titicaca while Ephraim Squire journeyed north to Cuzco along the western shore.
Thank you!
Please keep making videos. The focus of and idea behind this channel is awesome.
Yup so definitely subscribed
Well done 👍
Tiwanaku people dominate the farming game: What should we buy? Those cocaine leaves bruh! And some of that corn for making the party juice.
These people knew whats up.
I love that anywhere we look, people were getting high all the time. We always attribute it to ritual, but was it really? Probably both ritual and recreation.
I was just thinking, corn beer is like the most American thing ever. Cheers to our friends in the far South!
Haha!
CUALES HOJAS DE COCAINA, SABES QUE LA COCAINA SALE DE UN PROCESO QUIMICO? SON HOJAS DE COCA POR FAVOR INVESTIGA A QUE SE LLAMA COCAINA
Love your content :) keep it up and you're gonna be successful
Thank you!
@@AncientAmericas of course. I try to like every one of your videos. But it's hard to keep up with the rate the algorithm sends them to me haha.
You know a content creator is great when they're reading all the comments like you are:)
@@Hugehugebighuge well I'm ok I guess.
@@AncientAmericas haha stfu dude you're the man. These videos are sick and you help me fall asleep at night. You deserve wayyy more subs.
Excellent!
Nice to see your computer is repaired.
Thank the Lord!
@@AncientAmericas Now give it to me
AHH I love this series
And we love you too.
Love any and all anthropology/archeology, but when it's history you can recognize the effect is even more humbling if that is possible. I'm from eastern Bolivia myself and grew up watching on the tv present day Aymara people going to Tiwanaku to celebrate the winter solstice as the start of the andean new year. To think of the homage that is paid at what essentially are the ruins of what once was a far-reaching vibrant culture unto itself is dizzying. Thanks so much for your work and your channel, amazing
You're welcome!
Spent a month in college in Cochabamba and Oruro. Wonderful experience.
Love this!❤ I studied archeology in the moquegua valley and am always tickled when it comes up. I have been lucky enough to be in the presence of mummies, knotted hats, and portrait keros! I even got to climb cerro baul. If you haven’t already read it, “Andean diaspora” by Goldstein (my professor) is an amazing resource!
That must have been an amazing experience! Thank you for the recommendation. I've added it ot my book list!
@@AncientAmericas it was a once in a lifetime experience! So glad you are going to Peru for your travels! Would recommend going to the museum in agua caliente, I’ve read that it has the only gold found on Machu Picchu there! I didn’t know/get to see it when I was there
Loving these videos man. I've been to all these places and even got a tattoo of a figure from the sun gate. (One of those in supplication? To the central god figure) Done in cuzco. From Ecuador to Chile, I've seen as much as I possibly could of the 1000s of years of history in that region. Completly amazing stuff 🤙
Thank you!
Fascinating!
Thank you!
Good video, didn't even know these guys existed until now.
It’s such a great example of an emerging field of discovery! You’re amazing for be so on the research
Thank you!
Thank you.
You're welcome!
Have always been fascinated by the amazing stone work at the various sites in Central and South America. As with all ancient stone work, you gotta wonder how the hell they acomplished the feats they did, because certainly they had to be more primitive than us, right? The Incas were supposed to have attributed their cities as left by their ancestors; poignantly made clear by the much lesser quality stone work they formed around the earlier, higher quality works. Who really quarried and set all of that amazing stone work, in places like Pumu Puncu, etc.? Questions that will, most likely, never be answered.
"Primitive" from an eurocentric perspective of civilization of course.
Thank you for your very professional and informative film.It is great that you give us the facts,without all the sensationalism that other sites like to throw in,because in the end the people of that region,in that time,were just people, just like us.I do wonder about climate changes during the the time they lived and thrived,and what was involved in their downfall,maybe a volcano 7000 miles away controlling and destroying everything they had built..🤔😔
Thank you!
Thank you for posting this
You're welcome!
Great work! I’ve been searching for exactly this kind of information rich videos, on exactly these subjects. I am very excited for the future, where you have covered all the big names in Peruvian archeology, and really start digging into the obscure. However, even when covering civilizations I am familiar with, you have given me a lot of new information to consider. So I’ll enjoy the wait!
About Tiahuanaco in Moquegua, it would be interesting if you check information about the Omo temple. This article is very interesting on the subject:
"Multiethnicity, pluralism, and migration in the south central Andes: An alternate path to state expansion"
Thank you, Ancient Americas, for the excellent video. Really great job. You've explained that the Tiwanaku did not grow coca or maize in their raised beds. What DID they grow in the oft-depicted and mentioned raised beds? On what staple crop did the Tiwanaku people base their impressive food surplus, the one enabling them to develop a far-flung Andean culture? Your excellent video mentions that Tiwanaku priests took narcotics. Narcotics are natural or lab-produced opioids. "Narcotics" is NOT a synonym for "drugs" in general. Instead, it is a very specific type of substance that Tiwanaku priests were unlikely to possess. "Hallucinogens" might be a term that's more accurate.
Thank you! Perhaps I misspoke in the video but maize would have been cultivated in those beds along with other crops. And duly noted on the narcotics label.
"Hallucinogens" is never an accurate term when talking about Plantas Maestras. "Psychoactive substances" fits better.
Great content!
Thank you!!
I'll try go to the Anthropology museum in cochabamba to take good quality pictures for you.
Thanks for the documentary :)
You're welcome!
Thanks
You're welcome!
Thank you for bringing Tiwanaku to the spotlight, I'm looking forward to seeing more of your work on the continent. I had barely notions of all this, I had overlooked the history of America, I'm sad to say.
Thank you!
Very well researched and organized
Thanks!
Territory disputes could have been settled on the ball courts, not a battle field. Though that distinction is probably lost on the participants.
Imagine,
There's a territory dispute, , both sides meet in the city, the decision is given to the Gods.
At Dawn the 2 sides meet on the court.
The ball is tossed into the air, to be illuminated by the first Rays, starting the match. 40 minutes later it's over. The Case is settled, the loser capitulates, releasing the captives, and returning the territory. BOTH SIDES PAY THE CITY, and go home, after the sacrifices and a huge party, with both sides encouraged to mix mingle and get along.
Odd thing.. it doesn't seem to reduce conflict, but changes the nature of conflict to a Game Theory concern. Allowing fluid conquest and controlling transfer without "War" between associated cities.
I understand why it serves as a good point of comparison with regards to the concept of empire. But one can overstate how systematic and "uniform" the Roman empire was in its conquests and administration. Mainly because it changed so much over the many centuries and because it varied greatly from region to region. In some cases even from city to city.
Fair point but I still think that it's a useful comparison. Even if everything in the empire wasn't "Roman" there were Roman cities, colonies, burials and trade spread far and wide throughout that attest to it's influence.
impressive
Thank you!
I also remember some histories about the destruction of many large monuments by the 'conquistadores"they believe this pieces may have gold inside
Excellent work. But what happened there? Puma Punku especially seems to have been visited by some calamity. The block are strewn haphazardly. Massive flood? Also there is a species of sea horse in the lake. It seems it was once connected to the sea. Thanks.
Thank you. You're asking the million dollar question.
I have always been amazed about the fact that, while Tehotihuacan and the classic Mayans were inhabiting Mesoamerica, at the same time Tiwanaku and Wari were ruling the andean region. To what extent were they related?, we will never know. They all represent the zenith of spiritual and supernatural achievements in the Americas. To both, archeologists and scientists they seem not to have had any physical contact, but to me, they must have shared some out-of-this-reality methaphysical contact. All of these societies do share a deep common sense of the mystical, spiritual and supernatural nature. How I wish to somehow travel through time and appreciate with my own eyes how unique and awesome this lost world in the ancient Americas must have been!!! ...
My sincere congratulations for your amazing work. I am very impressed by your almost perfect pronunciation of every single name of the Andean sites. You are the one in all RUclips videos about these subjects who truly nail it with the names!!! Keep up with the great work and thank your for your videos. So looking forward to the Wari episode. Cheers!
Wow! Thank you for the lofty praise! To answer your question, Wari and Tiwanaku culture has a lot of overlap. A century ago, they were considered the same culture actually. They certainly had contact and shared a lot of ideas. When I get around to researching the Wari someday, I'll hopefully be able to give you a much better answer.
@@AncientAmericas I was referring to any possible "spiritual" "religious" "another dimension" "supernatural" "non-physical" contact between the Mesoamerican elite AND the Andean elite at that time ... given the fact that both religious elites made use of hallucinogens, revered mother nature and attribute soul-entities to every single being and object around them, built pyramids to their gods and made use of advance and sophisticated calendars ... things that our current science 'establishment" will never take into account ... western science is more concern about the use of the wheel in order to qualify a society as a "civilized' one, they do not care or consider how spiritual Native Americans were, and still are ...
@@saintluisito Ah! Well I'm not aware of any evidence of that but it's a cool idea! You'd probably have to find a native shaman or priest to get a better answer.
@@saintluisito there is some evidence for contact between the civilizations of Mesoamerica and the Andes. The existence of hybrid maize is one example. Another is the common worship of sun and moon deities. Yet another is the genetic closeness of their domesticated dogs, Mexico's Xolo dog and the Peruvian Hairless dog. If you cant read Spanish you might need to use google translate for this, a comprehensive examination of all the evidence for maritime contact between these two regions, published in a Mexican anthropology academic journal : www.dimensionantropologica.inah.gob.mx/?p=1197
@@GringoLoco I have been aware of all these studies about the physical-material contacts shared between both regions for centuries (plants, animals, pottery, mettalurgy and so on), thanks for sharing though ... I insist: The shared knowledge I keep referring to has nothing to do with the physical-material world but, instead, of the esoteric-higher conscious-state-of-mind realm, a world that most of us know nothing about but does exists, that is all around us even though we are not aware of it, that can be experienced even today with the use of hallucinogenic plants, knowledge that this ancient people mastered (obviously) to the highest degree ... It seems we keep ignoring this important side of wisdom from these people, knowledge that was not obscured by western-christian beliefs as it is nowadays ... at this point, as it's been mentioned already, a native Shaman would get a better grip of what I'm talking about ...
Will you be doing any videos of the Caribbean? Such as the Arawak? Taino? It would be a great addition to your collection, and, I can learn more of my ancestors! Thank you! ;D
It's on the to-do list!
Can you please do a video on the ancient cultures of the southwest USA they are also connected to Mesoamerica
Sit tight. It's already in the works!
@@AncientAmericas thank you 😊
Another great presentation ! I wanted to get your thoughts on the south american gods, namely, viracocha. I am a white guy and feel weird even bringing this up because of the white washing done or talked about in recent years but this always interested me. The inca describe viracocha as a light skined long white hair with beard with long robe ( reminds me of gandalf or a medieval wizard) anyway, when pizzaro arrived in peru they though he was a god because he looked like the description of viracocha who said that he would return, oneday. So, when pizzaro arrived, he was welcomed with open arms. My question is: Did a light skinned people live or rule over incans in the past and when leaving said they would return oneday? Or were the legends fabricated and the inca guessed what viracocha should look like? In short, were there white folks in south america a long time before columbus, pizzaro, etc? I believe the people of central america had same description of quetzquatl (sp?) And kulkulkan? Fascinating!
Thank you. So I'm a little out of my depth here. I'm familiar with the claims that Viracocha supposedly had a fair complexion and a beard but I have personally never researched them. There's a lot of good literature on Inca religion though so I'd check there. I think its fair to point out that indigenous americans had gods of all colors and beards and facial hair can be found in indigenous people albeit rarely. In Maya religion for example, you can find gods that are black, white, red, blue, green, etc. The colors are not a racial marker. I can say though that the Inca did not welcome Pizzaro with open arms. Pizzaro did meet some friendly people before going off to conquer the empire but they were not treated as gods or anything. They were understood to be men. If Europeans were in the Americas before 1492 (excluding the Norse in Greenland and Newfoundland) there has not yet been any evidence of it.
Interesting. I will dive deeper. I dont remember where i heard that pizarro was welcomed because they thought he was viracocha or a god. Im not a historian or archaeologist though, just a keyboard explorer who finds history, fascinating. Thanks for pointing me to new rabbit holes to climb into.
Hey, your sub count really took off. Think it was 140 or 240 when I subbed, now it's closing in on 7500, nice. You know it's kind of surprising that no one so far has bothered to do an English language show or series on any of this stuff. The initial settling could be the first with interviews with archeologists and geneticists explain the various theories and presenting their findings. The killing off and/or dying out of the megafauna after settlement to the beginnings of agriculture afterward and the various crops that came out as a result. The first uses of cotton and later how textiles came out, how stone was quarried, how the various structures were created, how the metal tools and clubs and stuff were cast, where the ore was mined or how it was gathered, etc. I know there was a US civil engineer who did a some studies on how Machu Picchu was built although I forget his name atm. There's far more than that but overall there's enough to make like a literal series about everything... maybe you should shop the idea around and be the presenter, hehe.
Always nice to welcome a long time sub back! Yes it did unexpectedly take off recently. I probably have the algorithm to thank for that. Honestly, I'm not surprised that no one has done a series like that. Television can't really afford to dive into niche topics like youtubers can. They have to cast as wide a net as possible and get as many viewers as possible and that means appealing to the lowest common denominator. That's why youtube is great for education!
The civil engineer youre thinking of is probably Kenneth R Wright, author of authoritative books about Machu Picchu, Tipon, Moray, and other Inca sites.
@@GringoLoco Yes, that was the guy. He was already up there in age back then and might not be around anymore.
16:24 I think the similarities between the Tiwanaku Sun Gate God and the Incan Creation God Vericocha can’t be understated. They have the same face, general body shape, eye shape, frills and even identical staffs and the altar he stands on. Coincidence? Maybe but I think not.
You would not be the first to suggest that they are one and the same. The iconography is certainly consistent.
@@AncientAmericas thanks for being so active in your comment sections! I’ve binged all of your videos recently and am waiting for more!
True, but jesus and moses also look similar except hair color.
Looking for the Wari program.
I've always wondered: cross their wood working that is gone but you know was there from surviving super sophisticated stone work supports for large roof beams + bronze/copper tools + traversing the coast - why no advanched ship building?
Good question. The Tiwanaku (as far as I know) were not a seafaring people. They only had to sail in Lake Titicaca, for which they had their reed boats. Later coastal people do eventually build very sophisticated sailing vessels. When Pizzaro sails down the Pacific coast from Panama, he reported seeing an Inca ship with a sail on the ocean. I'm not sure what the specifics of that vessel were but clearly there was sophisticated maritime tradition on the coast. We also know that Andean people traded with Mesoamerica by sailing up the Pacific coast so they must have had ocean going ships even if it was just coastal sailing.
One reason is the Atacama desert makes wood a scarce commodity in that part of the world, though it is known they had outrigger canoes whose pontoons were made from inflated seal-skins, one can be seen in the museum in La Sirena. Interestingly, there is a mountain on the Bolivia-Chile border from which, on a clear day, you can see both Lake Titicaca and the Pacific Ocean. There is some evidence that the Tiwanakans were seafarers. When I lived in Arica, right in the middle of what would have been the Tiwanako coastline, I remember reading in the news someone had found a rock engraving that appeared to show some men hunting a whale, whose size is much larger than that of the raft. Also if you download this 400 page pdf thesis, you will see Tiwanaku gets mentioned several times, though usually in the context of Thor Heyedahl's Kon-Tiki expedition. openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/216170/1/Ballesteros2020Thesis.pdf
@@GringoLoco This is fantastic!
Here is an article about it. The rock art is dated to well into antiquity, long before Tiwanako, but that article says they were still using similar rafts when the Europeans arrived. rockartblog.blogspot.com/2019/02/
But who built the wall at Eastrr Island?
Not only did the Inka myths say they came from the Titikaka, but the royal family very likely spoke the Tiwanaku language (puquina) and had private religious rituals related to Tiwanaku. There is interesting work by Rodolfo Cerron on this.
Oooo! Thanks for that!
That's the second I've seen puquina being mentioned and it's piqued my interest given the lack of reading material on it.
Do you know what kind of event destroyed the site and when did it happen? Thoose giant andesite and granite blocks are broken and the rest is in chaotic order, it must have been an zunami caused by an earthquake or something powerful catastrophe, I miss this detail it is very important.
Viracocha has a embrion by its feet developing growth at the stomach and in the face he has grow wings and flying .
So it appears they've gone the way of the Toltecs, a semi mythical empire being nearly forgotten to time with some modern experts doubting it even existed.
Someone has done their reading on the Toltecs!
In part 1 and 2 you mention directions as northEAST and south EAST. The images show the locations as northWEST and southWEST.
We all have our public failures.
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
So who were the Aztecs and Toltecs descended from?
You'll have to wait for that video I'm afraid.
How did they used to get their colours? How did they get them to look so vivid and last as vivid so long?
A very good question! I'm not sure what they used to dye their fabrics.
@@AncientAmericas Im just impressed by how they’ve managed to manta in the value of brightness for so long. do you think they used a similar technique like the Mayan and their blue?
@@afrz4454 maybe? I know zilch about how to make dyes.
@@AncientAmericas Same here, however when I heard about the Mayan Blue and the technology it utilizes in order to be as resistant to humidity time and heat, it blew my mind. That composite is practically considered nanotechnology. Mayan and other mesoamericana used anil (Indigofera suffruticosa) plants combined with palygorskite, a clay though it is apparently deposits are very scarce Mesoamerica, that’s why I’m curious. With the mayas it was linked which chaac and the making if the dye was thought to be incorporated into rituals.
Dyeing is was often done with native plants and flowers, as well as tinted earth materials! Rendered down into colored liquids, then soaked in said liquids
I love the big FU at the end.
WHERE ARE THE SUBTITLES IN SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE ???
It is not the fault of the creator
were the many man made underground conduits, not mentioned ?
Which conduits exactly? I'm not sure I understand. Do you have a source?
Tiwanaku is in Bolivia 🇧🇴
Love this content please accept this comment for the algorithm !
Algorithmically mandated reply
Thanks!
Another AI utube robot comment??? Vortex Max I'd bet your a robot in these comments, I've been finding them in multiple video comment sections. Sometimes it's all you find. Yall need to recognize when it's a real human or just another robot trying to comment Luke a human. There's great effort by AI to learn humans ways and how they would respond so they can blend in. You can usually tell though with subtle differences. AIs only objective is to get normal people to see things differently.
Have a good day now!
@@jleehagoood8317 sorry dude not a robot but the reality is if you like a creator and want them to get more notice and people to see their content then commenting is one of the good ways to support.
I really do like this series sorry if my comment sounded like a bot
Puma Punku
Now the whole earth had one language and the same words. And as people migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly.” And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be dispersed over the face of the whole earth.” (Genesis 11:1-4)
Puma Punku
And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of man had built. And the Lord said, “Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language, and this is only the beginning of what they will do. And nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and there confuse their language, so that they may not understand one another’s speech.” (Genesis 11:5-7)
Tiwanaku
So the Lord dispersed them from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth. And from there the Lord dispersed them over the face of all the earth. (Genesis 11:8-9)
Huari episode when?
Someday... but in the meantime, ArchaeoEd has a good episode on the Wari though!
Teotihuacan of the Andes it seems! (Similar cultural influence similar structure of Empire possibly)?
If we had a better understanding of their government and political structure, we'd be able to speculate.
@@AncientAmericas ｡◕‿◕｡ I have no doubt!
@@AncientAmericas both held in high regard thou by later peoples.
Mother nature.... She'll get ya!