Welcome to Cosmology and its Fundamental Observations
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- Опубликовано: 26 сен 2024
- This video combines chapters 1 and 2 of the videos in my new series of Cosmology. I'm going through Dr. Barbara Ryden's textbook "Introduction to Cosmology". If you follow along, you'll get a full upper-division undergraduate course in Cosmology. I used this textbook at William Paterson University.
This course will cover the current state of the science of Cosmology. To follow along, it'll be a good idea for you to ge to know your calculus. Here are the topics of this video:
Introductory Cosmology:
Chapter 01: What is Cosmology?
Chapter 02: Fundamental Observations
-- 01: What is Olbers' paradox?
-- 02: The Universe is Isotropic and Homogeneous
-- 03: Redshift is Proportional to Distance
-- 04: Different Types of Particles
-- 05: Cosmic Microwave Background
What is Cosmology?
Units of Distance, Units of Mass, Units of Time, Units of Energy and Power, The Very Small, Fundamental Constants of Nature, Planck Units, Geometrized Units, and The Briefest History of Cosmology
Some things covered from Fundamental Observations:
Where did it come from? How is Copernicus involved with this? Is the Universe infinite in extent?
Is the Universe infinitely old? Why is Edgar Allan Poe so grumpy? What are homogeneity and isotropy? How can we measure them? How does the Cosmic Microwave Background apply to this? What does the Hubble Deep Field Survey add? What does this mean for the laws of physics? Why are we alone in the local universe? Nearly all Galaxies Show a Redshift. Does cosmic redshift happen by chance? Does the redshift violate the cosmological principle? How can we quantify the expansion of spacetime? What are the Hubble Time and Distance? How does measuring the rate of expansion give us the age of the universe? What is the Steady State Model? Why does the Big Bang win over the Steady State? What's beyond the cosmic horizon? Elementary Particle Physics. Quarks, Leptons, Bosons and Hadrons. Introductory quantum chromodynamics. Baryonic and non-baryonic matter
Photons and the blackbody distribution. Neutrino flavors and their mysterious masses. Dark matter. The Nature of Photons. Blackbody Radiation. An overlooked origin story to the CMB, starring: Ralph Alpher, Robert Hermann, George Gamove, Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, and Robert Dicke. COBE, WMAP, and Planck CMB Missions. The origin of the CMB from Quark-Anti-Quark soup to the epochs of Recombination and Decoupling.
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00:03 🎵 Introduction to Cosmology
00:45 📊 Measuring the Universe
02:12 📚 Introduction to the Textbook
03:22 🔍 Units of Measurement
09:55 🕰 Cosmological Time Scales and Units of Energy and Power
11:42 ⭐ Astronomical Units of Energy and Distance
12:20 🔍 The Importance of Small Scales in Cosmology
16:42 📊 Fundamental Constants in Cosmology
19:37 🤖 Introduction to Plon Units
20:06 💡 Understanding Plon Units
23:00 📊 Geometrization of the Universe
25:03 🌠 Brief History of Cosmology
29:46 🌟 Ancient Greek Cosmology and the Sun-Centered Universe
30:40 🌟 The Rise of Modern Astronomy and the Challenge to Geocentrism
31:20 🌟 The Development of Newton's Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation
34:00 🌟 The Discovery of Stellar Parallax and the Measurement of Distance
35:20 🌟 The Development of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity
37:00 🌟 The Discovery of the Expanding Universe and the Big Bang Theory
39:51 🚀 The Discovery of the Accelerating Universe
41:28 🌠 The Golden Age of Observational Cosmology
43:15 🌃 Oler's Paradox and the Night Sky
50:38 🌠 Calculating the Number of Stars in a Cylinder
52:41 🌠 The Distance We Can See
54:04 🌠 The Brightness of the Paved Sky
59:21 🌠 Assumptions and Limitations
01:09:31 🤖 Isotropy and Homogeneity in the Universe
01:14:02 🛡 Observations of Isotropy and Homogeneity
01:16:15 🔭 The Cosmic Microwave Background and Isotropy
01:18:40 🚀 Density of the Universe
01:20:20 🌐 Homogeneity and Isotropy of the Universe
01:23:20 🌠 The Cosmological Principle and the Steady State Model
01:25:20 🌟 The Specialness of Humanity and the Universe
01:28:00 🙏 Introduction and Context
01:29:21 📚 Chapter 2: Red Shift
01:34:09 🔍 The Discovery of Red Shift
01:46:22 🚀 Cosmological Principle and Hubble's Law
01:51:08 📏 Expansion of Space and Scale Factor
01:53:01 🚀 Hubble Parameter and Velocity
01:55:59 🤖 Hubble Time and its Significance
01:57:21 ⭐ Oldest Stars and their Metallicity
01:59:24 🌠 Globular Clusters and their Ages
02:00:05 🤔 Population 3 Stars and Binary Systems
02:01:00 🕰 Hubble Time and the Expansion of the Universe
02:02:10 🔍 The Hubble Parameter and the Expansion of the Universe
02:05:20 🔭 Ober's Paradox and the Age of the Universe
02:07:06 🚀 The Steady State Model and the Big Bang
02:09:07 📊 Mathematics of the Steady State Model
02:11:10 🌐 The Volume of the Universe and the Steady State Model
02:13:12 🚫 The Big Bang Prevails
02:14:47 🔭 The Steady State Model and the Big Bang Theory
02:16:40 🌐 The Nature of the Big Bang and the Cosmic Horizon
02:20:08 🔍 The Redshift and the Big Bang Theory
02:22:20 📚 Introduction to Chapter 2 of Barbara Ryden's Introduction to Cosmology
02:24:38 🤖 Fermions, Bosons, and Quarks
02:30:16 💼 Qu and Hadrons
02:32:09 ⏰ Protons and Neutrons
02:33:43 🌠 The Building Blocks of the Universe
02:41:46 🤔 The Mass of Neutrinos
02:42:40 🤖 Photons and their Properties
02:47:03 🔥 Black Body Spectrum and Energy Density
02:50:22 📊 Number Density of Photons and the Cosmic Microwave Background
02:51:43 🌟 Photons and the Sun
02:53:07 🔮 Dark Matter
02:59:05 🔮 Properties of Dark Matter
03:01:21 🤖 Introduction and Acknowledgments
03:03:35 💡 Properties of Light
03:05:00 🔍 Properties of Light (continued)
03:06:32 🚀 History of the Cosmic Microwave Background
03:10:55 🚀 The Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background
03:14:09 🔭 The Confirmation of the Big Bang Theory
03:16:25 📊 The WMAP Mission
03:29:40 🔥 Photon Creation and Annihilation
03:37:30 🌌 The Emergence of Matter and the Cosmic Microwave Background
03:39:06 🔭 The Cosmic Microwave Background and its Properties
03:39:20 🔭 Primordial Light Barrier and Recombination
03:41:27 📊 Deriving the Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Thanks!
Thank you for your awesome work. While RUclips has awesome channels like PBS Space Time, Cool Worlds etc, they aren't structured. This will be invaluable for anyone trying to learn cosmology and Astronomy in a structured manner.
Glad you like them!
I’m in just a short amount. But I already realize This is an excellent presentation and I’m excited to listen to the rest. Thank you!
Glad you enjoyed it!
This stuff is top notch. Perfect for layman, with technical accuracy and historic context, and that’s coming from a particular nuclear pro.
If Jason Kendall had been my professor in college, I would have gotten an A in Astronomy instead of the C- I eeked away with.
@@Truth_Teller_101i would've won a Nobel prize, or several.
Hi Jason. I’ve been listening to your lectures for many years and am so thankful you are so generous with your knowledge and time. Thank you.
You are very welcome
To me, Dr. Kendall injects the right amount of wonder and enthusiasm into the topic that if you took a step or two back, everyone should be blown away by. Don't stop being amazed! The Universe is cookie crazy amazing, embrace that...
Hi Jason, been listening to you for awhile now. Also Dr Green and Dr Susskind from Stanford. You are blessed by God to have such a good mind and many other gifts. Loving your work on Cosmology and your approach to science in particular astronomy. From the quantum world to the macro universe. For me I'm filled with wonder and thankfulness to God for my life. So interesting to hear of the creation of elements, quantum fields, universal forces and the role they play in creation. Mind boggling isn't it? Look forwards to continuing to listen and watch your work and explanations. For me as I sit here and look out across the bay and listen to the birds, feel the breeze and the warmth of our Sun. I am so grateful to God and for his the salvation thru Jesus. Keep up the good work mate.
Thanks!
I'm lucky to find such an interesting channel to dive in, thanks for invitation , it's an honor for me.
Hi! Just want to say,
Your videos have given me SO MUCH happiness, peace, knowledge, joy, better sleep, and more. Thank you, thank you, thank you!
If I knew more people, I would share your channel with them.
Just know, your passion and work is incredibly meaningful and valuable and brings so much joy to many people!!!!
I am honestly shocked that you do not have more subscribers/views- but I GUARANTEE you that gold will always shine through and so will you!! Your channel is invaluable. Your students must be so lucky to have you.
Love having your videos on in the background. Space is so fascinating. I've been studying it as a hobby for a while and I'm sure your lessons will seep into my subconscious and deepen my understanding.
Glad you enjoy it!
Love the first lecture. Thanks Jason, for sure will listen the others. Great way to fast gain insights for someone that just started on learning Cosmology / Astronomy.
Thanks!
Woke up while this was playing and I simply just watched everything bc it was too interesting
Succinct, comprehensive and awesome.
Thanks, Dr/Prof./Mage Kendall 👌👍🙏
Happy to prestidigitate these conspicuous attempts at erudite colloqualizations.
Lol, the humor! I would love to be in your class, prof. Kendall
People are tired of either all the AI garbage videos that spend 15 minutes telling you stuff you learned in 6th grade, or the channels that want you to think everything is proof of aliens. Once real astronomy/cosmology fans discover this channel it will blow up like Betelgeuse.
Hey thanks for that. In order to help it out, it’d be great if y’all shared it around on social media. I have noticed that of my videos that get lots of hits, it’s the ones that’ve been shared from external sources that generate the most traffic. The YT algorithm feeds off interconnectivity. More equals MOAR!
Will do, but since YT changed their algorithm it's very difficult for small channels to gain traction anymore. You might consider doing simultaneous uploads to places like Rumble to help drive traffic, and I've heard that doing those shorts helps you get recommended more by YT.
Thank you for making this video. I love watching astronomy videos and this is a great refresher of the fundamentals.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Excellent distillation of fundamental principles.
Glad you think so!
You sir did an amazing work!
Thank you kindly!
I woke up 2h45m into this video an I had the CRAZIEST dreams haha ♥
What edition are you using for this series? I would like to follow along.
2nd Edition from 2016.
Hey, I'm new here, and I'm only 30 seconds deep, but I know I'm going to absolutely cherish this
Thanks!
Is light year measurement different in places with time dilation , zero graity space.
Thanks!
Welcome! And thank you for your contribution! You’re the first one!
Awesome!! I love these long videos!!
More to come!
We are but a part of the whole, we will never know it all yet still, I enjoy the human advancements.
Brilliant 😮
When you say around 17:11 that's the ancients thought it was constant, could you elaborate which ancients had this knowledge?
It is fairly well known that in the history of understanding the speed of light, there was no one prior to attempting to measure it who did not think that light had any other speed other than instantaneous. It wasn’t until 1676 that Ole Romer discovered that light does not travel instantaneously and 1865 with James Clerk Maxwell understanding that light was electromagnetic wave that traveled at the speed C. Ask yourself this question: how would you even perceived any speed of light in a pre-technology era where the concept of the electron and the proton and even most areas of modern physics did not yet exist. We have a very parochial attitude because of our deep understanding of technology. It is nearly impossible to understand how people lived differently or even survived without all the modern is that we have today.
Great and useful lecture l, Could you please cover the entire book including cmb anisotrpy as there is almost no good resource for cosmology for graduate of undergard cosmology. Thanks again 🙏🙏
That is the plan.
I watched a Kip Thorne vid.. he was talking to 18 year old freshman college students..
The dude tossed out a random fact.
A black hole's diameter is longer than its permiter due to the gravitational warping of space.
he was like shrugs Einstien understood the definition of pi is BS because of gravitational influence.
It's like Kip.. lets jump back to the whole diameter longer than circumference thing... he blew right past it
new lecture❤
What if speed of light slows down with Distance?
Great find, this channel
Thanks for making this :)
No problem!
I had a question about radio galaxies. I tuned into one and all I got was static. Why do aliens play such lousy music?
Because not all aliens are hip like we are .......
That with a whole sector of space with systems named HIP something or other😅
THe presenter/teacher Sounds kind of like "Ciity Planner Plays" :)
Best sleeping pill everrrr
Here to sleep
This was playing when i woke up and i feel like ive downloaded something after mad dreams
Penzias and Wilson were at Bell Labs in Holmdel. Not Princeton.
Thanks for the catch!
Great video
Thank you 😊
You’re welcome 😊
My kid says he wants to be an astrophysicist but he watches game videos, told him he needs this series as basics
Its my love for this subject the brings me back to Elite Dangerous over and over again. Its like an interactive telescope of our galaxy.
Auto play brought me here
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@@JasonKendallAstronomer 🍪