Four cardinal principles of ethics in Medical research!

Mentions the Four cardinal principles in ethics of Medicine/Research with animation in background. ie., Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-Malefiecience, Justice.
The four cardinal principles of ethics in medical research, often referred to as the "Four Beacons" or "Four Pillars," are fundamental guidelines that guide ethical conduct in medical research involving human participants. These principles are widely recognized and form the foundation for ethical decision-making in research. The four cardinal principles are:
Respect for Autonomy: This principle emphasizes the importance of respecting individuals' right to make informed decisions and choices regarding their participation in research. Researchers should obtain voluntary, informed consent from participants, ensuring they have a full understanding of the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits. Participants should also have the right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
Beneficence: The principle of beneficence focuses on promoting the well-being and welfare of research participants. Researchers have an obligation to maximize benefits and minimize potential harms to participants. They should design and conduct research in a way that maximizes potential benefits and minimizes risks to participants. This principle also involves considering the potential benefits of the research to society as a whole.
Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence means "do no harm." Researchers must take steps to avoid causing harm or undue suffering to research participants. They should carefully assess the potential risks associated with the research and take appropriate measures to mitigate and manage those risks. If the potential risks outweigh the potential benefits, the research may not be ethically justifiable.
Justice: The principle of justice emphasizes fairness and equity in research. It involves ensuring that the benefits and burdens of research are distributed fairly among different groups in society. Researchers should strive to avoid any form of discrimination or exploitation in participant selection, recruitment, and access to research benefits. This principle also emphasizes the importance of addressing any existing health disparities or inequalities in the research process.
These four cardinal principles provide a framework for ethical conduct in medical research and serve as a guide to protect the rights, well-being, and dignity of research participants. Researchers, ethics committees, and regulatory bodies use these principles to evaluate research protocols, ensure ethical standards are met, and promote responsible and ethical research practices.
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