Passive Solar Greenhouse with Geothermal Build in Mongolia EP6

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 10 янв 2025

Комментарии • 164

  • @tebersole
    @tebersole 3 года назад +7

    Winter in Mongolia is no joke! I’m glad you accomplished what you did. I’ll be watching for your next projects.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thank Tomis👏👍 we will have something a little different coming later today 😊

  • @lucleoni
    @lucleoni 3 года назад +15

    Very nice video guys, quote of the day: "Winter is coming" and indeed -10° C. during the day, going to -20°C. at night, is cold. Good luck with your future projects. Stay safe, stay warm and take good care of one another.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks Luc Leoni, quote of the day 👏👏 love it 😊 we will do 👍 all ways great to read our comments. You stay safe and warm too.

  • @arekzylek6118
    @arekzylek6118 3 года назад +3

    You just great Couple and its nice to see Your video. Here in Poland is only -1C at night but yeah winter is comming. I'll start with my passive greenhouse next year. You inspired me to do it with my hand. Thanks for that.
    Cant wait to see the finish of Your project.
    From Poland with love.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Wow Arek, fantastic thanks so much. 👏 sounds really exciting 😊 we are so happy to read your comments 👏👏🤗

  • @bolorurtnasan4566
    @bolorurtnasan4566 3 года назад +1

    Watched your videos from very beginning. You are such a brave guy!

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks so much, if want something in life you have to go all in!!!! 😊🙏🏻👏

  • @superfoodq
    @superfoodq 7 месяцев назад +1

    What a great build! Thank you for the detailed explanation. I watched all 3 last videos and looking forward to see how this came out.

  • @baljinnyamerdenechimeg4493
    @baljinnyamerdenechimeg4493 3 года назад +2

    I proud of you man. Welcome to Mongolia 🇲🇳 And actually I’m from Mongolia. But I’m married with Canadian women. Now living in Canada. So I feels like we are going to little bit same journey . God bless you guys.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks very much Baljinnyam, very kind of you🙏🏻 the girl always steel us home 🏡 God Bless

  • @tomasbravenec742
    @tomasbravenec742 3 года назад +1

    Dear Zula and Ash, great idea and great work! Both with the greenhouse and the video production! Greetings from UB.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks so much Tomas 🙏🏻😊👏

    • @tomasbravenec742
      @tomasbravenec742 3 года назад

      @@SimpleWildLiving Watching all six of your episodes was more addictive than Netflix binging!!

  • @bolorurtnasan4566
    @bolorurtnasan4566 3 года назад +1

    My best wishes to 3 of you!

  • @ТүвшинбаярШарав
    @ТүвшинбаярШарав 3 года назад +12

    Айхтар бна шүү суурьнаасаа эхлүүлээд тэгш ус тавьж бгад нам үзэж бншд ах бол. Амжилт хүсэе😉😉😉

  • @rickd2811
    @rickd2811 3 года назад +4

    Great video. We've watched from your start with clearing land to greenhouse. . Great journey in a new country. Our visits back to Ulaanbaatar was cut short with pandemic but we will back there again soon. We'll need to come your way and see how you're doing. Stay warm and enjoy the only clean air left on the planet!

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks Rick, really great to have you along on our amazing journey 😊🙏🏻👏

  • @Түмээгийнсуваг
    @Түмээгийнсуваг 3 года назад +1

    Good job guys
    Almost well done

  • @munkhzulbattsengel676
    @munkhzulbattsengel676 3 года назад +1

    wow so cool family good luck 😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks so much 🙏🏻👏 we really appreciate it 😊

  • @bolorbolor5499
    @bolorbolor5499 3 года назад +1

    Cant wait next videos. Good luck guys. Work work work.

  • @warft4820
    @warft4820 3 года назад +2

    What a wonderful couples miss the baby but this time his unknown but he grew up and wow what a wonderful parents 😂 huge love

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks warft, Flame 🔥 will be in the video more in upcoming ones 👏👏

  • @aagiiaagii9757
    @aagiiaagii9757 3 года назад +1

    Амжилт,хамгийн сайн сайхан бүхнийг хүсье

  • @playerxdnoob
    @playerxdnoob 3 года назад +1

    Good luck 👍

  • @GemJoy
    @GemJoy 3 года назад +3

    Hey guys! It's been so interesting to watch your whole journey. Your filming and music is fantastic. I can't wait to see all the new projects. Much love from Megan ( and the rest of the Dunne family) ❤

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Wow Meg, so so great to read our comment 👏🥰 that really warms or hearts ♥️ thank you so much.

  • @khongoroobatmunkh1884
    @khongoroobatmunkh1884 3 года назад +3

    Mongolian winter is not joke 😜 pls stay healthy guys. Өнтэй сайхан өвөлжөөрэй. 👏😍

    • @khongoroobatmunkh1884
      @khongoroobatmunkh1884 3 года назад +1

      Чихэрний нэрийг улаан малгайт гээд нэрлэчихээд байдаг шт. Хүү нь үнэхээр эгдүүтэй 😍

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Ха ха тийм шүү тоглоом бишшүү яа яа хэ хэ.

  • @warft4820
    @warft4820 3 года назад +2

    Wow guys outside very cold is coming but you guys still working fantastic wish u all the best wishes

  • @タピオカ3条
    @タピオカ3条 3 года назад +2

    Keep working hard!! Can't wait to see it done

  • @ihzayab7691
    @ihzayab7691 3 года назад +2

    Passive Solar Greenhouse is a very smart investment to make. Good luck with your journey and much love!

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад +1

      Exactly 👏🙏🏻 it will pay us back with food in the winter ❄️ for years to come…

  • @oyunerdenetugsjargal4865
    @oyunerdenetugsjargal4865 3 года назад +1

    Wow goe tuluvlusun zorilogotoi hudulmurch hicheengui zaluusdaa ulam ikh Amjilt husie...Hurgen uneheer ajiltai onts yumaa...👍👍👍💯💯💯

  • @deegiidelgermaa2345
    @deegiidelgermaa2345 3 года назад +3

    Huu ni yasan egduutei eumbee.😍😍amjilt husie ~
    Good luck~☺

  • @gankhuuch2329
    @gankhuuch2329 3 года назад +2

    good luck.

  • @supreme_nova
    @supreme_nova 3 года назад +2

    Can you make a explanation video about the greenhouse? About the construction, how geothermal energy is being used in this particular case, how it works etc.

  • @bilzorigt7701
    @bilzorigt7701 3 года назад +1

    cant wait for a next video

  • @hihug8296
    @hihug8296 3 года назад +2

    Ajiltai zaluu yumaa. Amidraliig ymar goe tsetsegluulj bnaa. Amjilt

  • @ekiboo4597
    @ekiboo4597 3 года назад +1

    Хашаагаа танилцуулаарай амжилт😁

  • @Nbsba
    @Nbsba 3 года назад +1

    We love you

  • @superpapa6913
    @superpapa6913 3 года назад +1

    🤩 good luck guys 👍👍👍

  • @bellaisabella9481
    @bellaisabella9481 3 года назад +1

    Holy moly dude you rock

  • @r.munkhbaatar6555
    @r.munkhbaatar6555 3 года назад +1

    GOOD LUCK VERY NICE GREEN HOUSE :)

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks so much 👍😊 it will be one of a kind in Mongolia 🇲🇳

  • @chinbatbattumur2622
    @chinbatbattumur2622 3 года назад +2

    Great work. look forward to watching the greenhouse getting done next spring. I guess its gonna eat up lots of power and cost not much with the fan heating and cooling system.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад +1

      Thanks so much, no the fans don’t take that much power and we will set up a solar system to run the fans

    • @chinbatbattumur2622
      @chinbatbattumur2622 3 года назад

      @@SimpleWildLiving yeah i missed the word "not gonna eat up". I saw one canadian old guy have got the technology running in winter , but ulaanbaatar's winter is twice as cold i think, reaching -40 at night. I wonder what design of passive greenhouse you are building on top of it now, i have researched n i thought polycarbonate south wall is perfect for heat trapping and regidity and also provide maximum penetration of essential sun rays. You might wanna also put a a chinese tarp coating thing that rolls up and down for extra heat trapping(since snow fall is much compared to china, for use of the tarp i m not sure cuz when it gets wet it puts extra load on the motor that rolls it- i m not 100 sure, i just heard a guy who built a passive solar ghouse in canada)⁰ . Solid block walls on the other walls with 15-20cm thick foaming on the out, i thought would help great. Metal bars could be used for framework to avoid humidity related fungy.

  • @seaweedbanana4663
    @seaweedbanana4663 3 года назад +1

    I don’t know why this got recommend to me
    but this is what were currently learning about in college right now

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Very interesting well we hoped you like it 😊🙏🏻👏 we are very glad you commented 😀

  • @grassroots3923
    @grassroots3923 3 года назад +1

    wow. i`ve just finished all of your previous videos. and the next one poped up . Good luck guys . Your wife must be proud of you. Ash. you`re such an amazing guy. God bless you and your beautiful family By the way, to Zulaa, mind your hardworking loving husband`s back. Let him to use a belt and keep his back warm in this harsh cold weather while he`s working hard. Mongolian hard weather is very harmful to our backs. 🙏🙏🙏

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thank you so much Grass Roots🙏🏻👏 very kind of you🥰 lovely comment!! God Bless you guys too.. stay warm stay safe. 🤗🤗

  • @boldotgonbayar8408
    @boldotgonbayar8408 3 года назад +1

    wishing you successful!

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks Bold, we can do it with your support 🙏🏻👏

  • @amartuvshinhv5601
    @amartuvshinhv5601 3 года назад +1

    Nice

  • @sub0709
    @sub0709 3 года назад +1

    Keep going guys. Four season Greenhouse is cool idea

  • @amkaamarbold7248
    @amkaamarbold7248 3 года назад +1

    Үнэхээр бүтээлч гэр бүл юм аа. Амжилт 👏💪

  • @buyankhishig
    @buyankhishig 3 года назад +4

    Дараагын бичлэгийг тэсэн ядан хүлээж байна шүү. Амжилт залуусаа

  • @shagietuka4079
    @shagietuka4079 3 года назад +1

    No Problem my pro

  • @ЦАГААНЭС
    @ЦАГААНЭС 3 года назад +1

    Good luck guys

  • @magocego5886
    @magocego5886 3 года назад +1

    Goodluck guys

  • @nomiob7796
    @nomiob7796 3 года назад +2

    Hel maani saijrahne. Ashguidee. Fan is here in japan.

  • @enkhbilguunterguun6998
    @enkhbilguunterguun6998 3 года назад +2

    Good lack bros, Keep going

  • @sainaasainkhuu6025
    @sainaasainkhuu6025 3 года назад +1

    Guys keep up submit progress of erection passive house . I had subscribed your channel and definitely will wait your next videos . Cheers

  • @erdenetsetsegkhuderchuluun8064
    @erdenetsetsegkhuderchuluun8064 3 года назад +1

    Great job . Awesome awesome good luck. 😍❤👏🙏

  • @robpowell88
    @robpowell88 3 года назад +2

    Great job guys, hope to get the chance to meet up as discussed. stay safe and warm.

  • @commentcrasher3306
    @commentcrasher3306 3 года назад +1

    Ямар гоё юм бээ 🔥 🔥

  • @ydalyrics63
    @ydalyrics63 3 года назад +1

    Mundag ax baina shv 🔥

  • @BBiGiBB
    @BBiGiBB 3 года назад +1

    views are rising !! deserved it

  • @temuulentemuulen6570
    @temuulentemuulen6570 3 года назад +1

    Good luck ❤️

  • @infobase8749
    @infobase8749 3 года назад +1

    awesome videos really like it cant wait to see the end results. Have you guys checked your cadastral boundary points. Because in Mongolia cadastral map and fence you already usually not the same. Problem can arise later. If you havent done it and want to do it let me know. I will do it free of charge.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks so much for our advice it’s very kind of you😊 yes we have it done already 👏👏🙏🏻

  • @methosz
    @methosz 3 года назад +3

    Great job guys, sad to hear you wont be able to finish the project till next year. Looking forward to the next one. Have you considered using hydroponics in the green house or were you thinking of soil growth?

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks Methosz we would really like to finish is sooner too. 😞 but we will get it done.. we will definitely look at doing both soil and hydroponics. 😉👏

  • @thomashudsan2103
    @thomashudsan2103 3 года назад +1

    Excellent work and hard work I like your hard-working personalities and I wonder why do you guys start the construction in winter, is the right time to build any building in Mongolia winter, I thought there is cold winter time and might be at risk of foundation building when start Spring. More watching you guys I'm now getting excited, well done a good job, I'm just curious your English is a British Emglish accent? Good luck.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks Thomas, we need to get this part done before the winter so it has time to settle over the winter and if there is any damage we can fix it before we build to greenhouse on top and the greenhouse is not going to a be very heavy building and it will not be a living house 🏠 so it’s ok. Plus in the spring we want to build it very fast so we can get a full growing season, if we start next year we would miss a whole season. And the big thing of All is you would not have our videos to watch 😊👏🙏🏻

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      😂😂 it’s South African Swedish British English 🙏🏻👏

  • @f.b.i3733
    @f.b.i3733 3 года назад +1

    Ahhhh what a wonderful family. Can’t wait Flame’s first word. Is it mommy or daddy? What do you think xD

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад +1

      Hi F. B. I. Thank you so much 😊 his first work was definitely mumma👏👏👏

  • @oyundalaigombo166
    @oyundalaigombo166 3 года назад +1

    Hej ! Guys
    Har saknat er .Lycka till

  • @thegreenfiddler1
    @thegreenfiddler1 2 года назад +1

    Have you checked out CERES greenhouses in the USA Rocky Mountains? I got a lot of good information from their site for building my passive solar, geothermal, fully self-sufficient, off-grid, greenhouse. Also Arkopolus in middle western Canada has a great UTube channel on his passive solar greenhouse. I live in New Brunswick, Canada. We don't get the extreme cold here but two weeks ago we had a few days of -40°c and it froze the water pipes in the house. Spend last two weeks thawing them and fixing all the busted lines. The sewer froze and I had to thaw it out. I used to live way up in Nunavut Territory, Canada. Its gets really cold up there they are way above the tree line and some towns have greenhouses up there. My kids are half Inuit which are distantly related to the Mongolians. The night my daughter was born up North it was -74°c. The Polystyrene you use is susceptible to absorbing water when underground. Once it soaks up water it looses it's insulating properties. I used Blue Board Poly insulation on mine. Its not as bad as Polystyrene but it eventually will absorb water underground with the weight of a building on it so I put construction plastics down first and sealed the seams with the red sticky Tuck Tape. That way it keeps the water away from the poly insulation. I super insulated my walls with Polly-iso insulation. I also poured a 4' wide walk way around the inside of the walls on my greenhouse and put PEX pipe loops in it so I can run hot water through it in the winter to make sure it never freezes inside.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  2 года назад

      Hi Robin 👋 thank you so much for sharing 🙏🏻 it is so great to read your comment and story’s. We will definitely check it out. The biggest challenge we will have in Mongolia is to find material even silly things like Tuck tape😫 so we have to improvise a lot… 👏👏

    • @thegreenfiddler1
      @thegreenfiddler1 2 года назад

      @@SimpleWildLiving when I lived up in Nunavut Territory, Canada everything thing had to be sent by Ocean Barge so everything that you needed had to be ordered a year or two in advance and then arrange to have it shipped to Hay River and have it loaded into shipping containers and then make sure it got loaded on the next year's Barge. Plus I just watched a RUclips video of a guy in Montreal Quebec that built and tested many different things on 7 all season greenhouses he built. I'll try and find the name and post it for you. Great info on what he built and tried and the results, good or bad.

    • @thegreenfiddler1
      @thegreenfiddler1 2 года назад

      Check out HumanWisdom or search for his Plus4Zone Greenhouse in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He has a lot of good information for you and it's been tested and proven to work over the last 10yrs in a very similar growing Zone as yours.

    • @thegreenfiddler1
      @thegreenfiddler1 2 года назад +1

      Sorry, Arkopia greenhouse is the one in Saskatchewan, Canada. Auto correct on my phone messed it up. Lol.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  2 года назад

      It’s cool, we figured it out 👍 thanks

  • @robertbaerg5119
    @robertbaerg5119 3 года назад +1

    Hey great videos! We have a permaculture project in Selenge and we are thinking of doing a passive solar geothermal greenhouse as well. Where exactly are you located? Looks like the area north of UB. The next time I am in UB is it possible to come and have a look?

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thanks so much Robert, sounds great we are back in the spring and will be having training day then 👍

  • @sharariuna9468
    @sharariuna9468 3 года назад +3

    Сайхан гэр бүлд нь аз жаргал хүсье.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад +1

      Зөндөө их баярлалаа. 👍🏻🥰🙏🏻

  • @nemonemo1638
    @nemonemo1638 3 года назад +3

    гоё энгийн гэр бүл шүү аз жаргал хүсье хүү нь бөөн эгдүү хөөрхөн юм бээ ❤️

  • @erkhembayarsanjaa4453
    @erkhembayarsanjaa4453 3 года назад +1

    hi there, you guys nailed it love to watching it, by the way what nationality are you mate?
    i'm Mongolian but lives in Sydney.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад +1

      Thanks bro 😎👏👍 I am from South African , British but lived in Sweden for 19 years

    • @erkhembayarsanjaa4453
      @erkhembayarsanjaa4453 3 года назад +1

      @@SimpleWildLiving Great i work on construction so good luck for your project,
      how is weather going ?
      i know in winter time is more than cold it is freezing.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Hi Erkhembayar it’s ok at the moment, the days are nice but the night are cold 🥶 but it is only the beginning 🙏🏻👏

    • @erkhembayarsanjaa4453
      @erkhembayarsanjaa4453 3 года назад

      @@SimpleWildLiving yeah i know mate it is tough to get pass the winter, i grown up in countryside in the GER,
      what is called in your local area?
      and how far is it from the city?
      i am looking for something like that

  • @screw7804
    @screw7804 3 года назад +1

    Goodluck 😇 I love your videos
    Амжилт хүсье ахаа эгчээ бас хөөрхөн Flame дүүдээ💕

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Wow. Хөрхийн бээ. 🥰 Зөндөө их баярлалаа. 😊🙏🏻👍🏻

  • @ts.batubat5342
    @ts.batubat5342 3 года назад +1

    Влогын дугаар бүрийг үзэж байгаа. Шинэ дугаарыг хүлээж байна.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад +1

      Баярлалаа. Шинэ дугаар удахгүй орох болноо. 🙏🏻😊👍🏻

  • @wolftotem4343
    @wolftotem4343 3 года назад +2

    Аз жаргал хүсье.....манай Хүргэн хаанахын хүн бээ??

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Хөөрхийн бээ 🥰🙏🏻 Манай хүн Англи. Өмнөд Африкт төрсөн.

  • @Соко_Соко
    @Соко_Соко 3 года назад +1

    Maybe u have some single friends like u ? 😂 . Nice family wish u the best for all guys. have a good luck im Mongolia life

  • @oyunzulschannel5766
    @oyunzulschannel5766 3 года назад +1

    😊

  • @enkhs4221
    @enkhs4221 3 года назад +3

    Гэр бүлд нь аз жаргал хүсье. Алгасахгүй үзнээ

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      За таалагдсанд маш их баяртай байна. 🙏🏻😊

  • @anhaaboldoo5901
    @anhaaboldoo5901 3 года назад +2

    Давхар монгол хадмалтай болох болом байхгүй л байхдаа🙏🙏🙏

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Монгол хадмал эхнээсээ ороод явж байгаа шүү. 😊👍🏻

    • @oyunoyun3492
      @oyunoyun3492 3 года назад

      Харин тийм ээ мэлмэрээд ойлгох юм алгөө

    • @otgoodorj1675
      @otgoodorj1675 3 года назад

      @@SimpleWildLiving hair yumaaa huu chin yostoi huurhun hen gdg ve

  • @uranchimegchinkhuyag6166
    @uranchimegchinkhuyag6166 3 года назад +1

    hadmal n haanaa garaad baigaan bol

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Cc гээ идэвхжүүлээд Монгол хадмал гээд сонгоод үзээрэй. 🙏🏻😊

  • @monger119
    @monger119 3 года назад

    Сайн байна уу? Байшингын суурныхаа талаар монгол тайлбар оруулж өгөөч.

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      4 улиралын хүлэмж бариж байгаа шүү. Бүх видео маань Монгол хадмалтай байгаа. Сс гээ идэвхжүүлээд Монгол хадмалаа сонгоод үзээрэй. Баяралаа.

  • @altankhuyagdulam5561
    @altankhuyagdulam5561 3 года назад +1

    Ямар мундаг юм бэ? Бүх бичлэгийг нь нэг дор үзлээ. Дараагийн бичлэгийг тэсэн ядан хүлээж бна шүү

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад +1

      Баярлалаа. Таалагдсанд маш их баяртай байна. 😊🙏🏻

  • @artmndakh5246
    @artmndakh5246 3 года назад +1

    huleedeg bolj dee

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Tiim bol taatai bn. Demjij baidagt mash ih bayarlaa. 🙏🏻😊

    • @artmndakh5246
      @artmndakh5246 3 года назад

      @@SimpleWildLiving etssiin ur dung ni harhiig mash ih husej bn gehdee ma ene ah ajliig bol umalzuulhiimaa 🤣mongolchuud maani iim hudulmurch bwal ch...

  • @telmebtelmen6849
    @telmebtelmen6849 3 года назад +2

    Huu ni yg aav bn

  • @ceridangauv3955
    @ceridangauv3955 3 года назад +1

    hmm Someone accidentally clicked the dislike button :)

  • @ariuntuyabadam3332
    @ariuntuyabadam3332 3 года назад +1

    I don’t like the way he describes Mongolia. Like Can we find something…. Excuse me …

    • @SimpleWildLiving
      @SimpleWildLiving  3 года назад

      Thank you for you honesty, I meant no disrespect to Mongolia. Just trying to explain that living here could with it challenges.