Making Tiny Fresnel Lenses during a Pandemic
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- Опубликовано: 4 апр 2020
- This video shows several types of micro-lenses that I made using a DIY maskless wafer stepper. The tiny lenses can for example be used for building a Shack-Hartmann wavefront detector.
Explanation of the Shack-Hartmann principle can be found on Wikipedia:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shack%E...
This is the download link for Windows installer for the Zone Plate app:
www.huygensoptics.com/assets/z...
RUclips does not like to redirect to this link. the file is (last part of the URL): /assets/zp_writer.zip
For Windows 10 and for personal use only. Virus scanners and Windows will nag about it being a rare / unknown file and make installation sometimes difficult. Sorry about that. Install this app at your own risk.
Link to the maskless wafer stepper playlist:
• DIY Maskless Wafer Ste...
Applied science video on photolithography:
• Antique 4x5 camera cre...
Reference for article on zone plate design:
laser.physics.sunysb.edu/_pra...
Wikipedia also explains this very clearly, but I just found this article first.
Links to some commercially available Shack-Hartmann detectors:
www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage...
www.optocraft.de/products-shs...
@ 0.34m: four happy seconds with Deodato, listen to the full song at:
• Deodato - Happy hour (... 
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As someone who builds custom research microscopes, I must admit that your knowledge of optics is stunning. I wish we had touched on some of these topics in undergrad, or even grad school.
Very cool. For 2.5 years in between high school and college I worked at a division of the Alliance Tool Company in Rochester Ny called Fresnel Optics. It was a at the time a tour de force of precision tool (mold) making, plating and clever use of platen presses and acrylic to make all sorts of fresnel lenses at the time. The largest customers being makers of overhead projection projectors. We also make laminate lenses for steel production, fighter jets, pin setters, etc. Like the Record Making industry, a brass master was made of which a ‘mother" was pulled by nickel plating . That was then used to consistently make molds for production.
The master molds were cut with shaped diamonds on a spinning brass disc set on air bearings in a controlled environment room. The shavings which were puffed off every minute or so looked bike brass cotton balls. The machines where made there using tool maker’s from Germany. I loved it but wanted to study art.
Every once in a while I re-watch one of your videos just to feel good about the world, thank you for the great content!
I suspect this is a common observation by many, but I wish the internet was available when I was in Grad School. Thanks for sharing your knowledge (and enthusiasm) with us!
RUclips must've turned on the AI to max. I just sat down to watch some history documentaries, and realized I didn't have any tiny fresnel lenses, and I meant to pick some up, and *boom*, youtube brings up this video. Gotta love 'em.
4:00 we also use wavefront sensoring in astronomy to correct aberration from the atmosphere and reach diffraction limited imaging on 10+ meter telescopes.
I love this channel one of the few best channels on youtube! keep it up!
God bless you for putting out your hobby in the internet
The shack Hartmann detector seems very interesting, I never would have thought you could use fresnel lensing alone to observe something as seemingly invisible as light waveforms.
Zone plate arrays. One won't do it.
oh yoo I played journey with you hahaha. Can't believe I'm seeing you in a random comment section.
@@ubereatsegodeath2281 Wow that's funny, what was your username?
@@Nosirrbro Gamer Bitch, I think I have you added on steam
@@ubereatsegodeath2281 Yeah, I think we only were together in the very beginning of the game, but that's still pretty funny, especially on a seemingly pretty niche channel such as this
Wow, nice shop! Another very interesting video. It takes me a while to digest the information you have in these videos, even with an engineering background. The math part I really enjoy, it is part of the fun in designing and inventing new things or playing around with past inventions and discoveries. Thank you very much!
Your videos are pure gold.
what a beautiful video
technology, family, life goals!
Very nicely done. Another application that these could be used for is to collimate or focus light from multiple light sources. For example, high power Chanzon LED COBs have a 10x10 array of LEDs on it's board. I think it's almost impossible to focus all of them to a single point without putting micro lens in front of each LED. I think in theory you could collimate or focus each LED if you knew the distance and layout of the LED array. I think you can even take it a step further and have all of them focus to the same spot by offsetting the centering of the outer LEDs in the array since if they were perfectly centered above each LED, you'd just get an array of focused points. At the scale I'm thinking about, the lithography should be rather easy with large feature sizes. I can't find anyone who makes such arrays of micro lenses for focusing multiple light sources to a single point.
“Little man cave“… Oh you mean the place you keep enough cool stuff, Experience, and knowledge..... you could pretty much redefine optical science as we know it… I mean… If you were stranded there, played less air guitar, and put your mind to it? 😂
I really love your channel and its helped me so much while setting up my own optics/laser lab … Over the past few years…in the corner of my electronics lab. Your channel is an awesome wealth of information!
It’s just a hobby for me and I have no Real education in optics… I am a machinist by trade, and accidentally started a business/electronics lab. I do mostly metrology work, test equipment tinkering, and component level board repair. I don’t do consumer electronics or anything like that, most of my customers are in industry… Manufacturers, even a few really cool labs and stuff.…
And I thought I was A fast learner… Then I discovered optics… And I’m humbled every day!
I always love your content! It’s in my playlists that are constantly streaming in my lab to keep me company on these long days
Yes, optics is great. I also don't have a background in optics (I'm a chemist by education), and most of my knowledge is acquired from watching other specialist and of course a lot of trial and error. Keep up what you are doing!
What if you wanted maximum chromatic dispersion say, for a solar collection array that separates and focuses each wavelength to be sent to specific semiconductor PV cells based on their band gaps? This would be to allow for more efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy while minimizing thermal degradation due to band gap mismatches between light and semiconductor.
Absolutely fascinating. Thanks for sharing.
Also I really like what you're doing,though I also hate you because you've added a couple of projects to my list of stuff I want to do.....
I have the same relationship with Sebastian Lague
I wonder if we could communicate on a project idea I have? Would you please contact me?! Or, how could we PM?
Thank you very much , I have always been fascinated by these lenses. You made a lot of sense , to me. Can the formula work backwards? If you have a preset of frequency, can you generate a pattern?
My new favorite channel
Laser printers can print on transparent sheets also. Maybe you could skip the analog camera step and using the darkness setting on the printer software could build up the density of the lens using the laser toner. I'm exploring the fresnel as a lens for projecting light for a hand-held searchlight. The structure and properties of this lens make it suitable for such an idea.
A decade ago - during my fine art degree - I did a project constructing zone plates with strictly photographic methods. Of course, they were rather larger than these - most around 5mm across.
It's tempting to return to that project with some better technology.
Edit: corrected size of lenses I made.
Thank you for this video, very needed.
Interesting. I am from an optical background so appreciate your content.
A thought..
The device presented at 3:44
Instead of the dots and measuring the offsets later, how about using one of the lenses presented at 6:00 scan it across the subject during a long exposure, rotate it 90 degrees and repeat. The output would be an image where brightness corresponds to the subject geometry.
best channel in youtube
Fantastic! I hope to use this for our teen apprenticeship.
Thank you for inspiring me to do more.
jeez what a good channel
love what you do
Shack hartmann sensors are used to detect the aberration of starlight caused by the atmosphere and correcting for it using deformable mirrors in telescopes
The app for generating Fresnel zone plates looks nice. But I have a question. The first output you get is the correct zone image, where the rings are fuzzy. This fuzziness in space gives precision to the focal point, since using a zone plate is in effect using diffraction to generate the inverse of a diffraction. But then you generate a final zone image where you convert from grayscale to monochromatic. Doesn't this conversion smear out the focal point and increase color aberration? Forgive me if I'm making an elementary mistake; it has been many years since I took my graduate course in optics.
That is correct. It's just that photoresists handle grayscale exposure badly. So you can choose which is best for your application. For photoresists use monochrome.
Nice video!
Good job!
The way Fresnel lenses work is really genius ...
And Fresnel zone plates are even more genius, since they are flat.
(Kindly pardon my profound ignorance)
Hi, thanks for the video. I have a quick question: is it possible to make a 50mm x 50mm fresnel lens for medium format cameras using laser etching machine and a piece of clear acrylic?
Do you think it is possible to make a wavefront `filter` by placing small mirrors in the focal plane at the optical axis of the lenses in a lenslet array, reflecting only light back when the wavefront is flat? Or pinholes that only pass light when the wavefront is flat?
Such a filter would be great for amateur astronomers, selective optics instead of adaptive optics.
Awesome channel!
that software is pretty awsome! although indeed I had quite some trouble to get it past the virus scanner. maybe make a digitally signed version next time? btw whats the central intensity correction for?
I'm not sure how to digitally sign an application. Sorry I did not discuss all the features of the program. The central intensity correction can be used if your exposure system for some reason has a higher intensity in the center than at at the edges. So the two numbers you can fill in are the radius of the curve in the correction and the magnitude, which should be a value between 0 and 255. You can only find the correction in the exported images, not on screen, since this image can consist of many exposure images.
You can usually pack an EXE application into a ZIP file for getting past security checkers. That's the easy solution.
wow. mind blowing.
I think I could minimise chromatic aberration in a 2 sided design. Should I calculate a design like that?
This is so great. Thank you for the inspiration (and for making me laugh so lout my daughter came down to chenille on me). I will try to measure my Minolta 500mm f8. Cheers!
Wonderful. thank you
Very cool software!
What photoresist did you use?
I assume it’s something transparent and permanent such as SU-8.
How thick is the photoresist?
Oh, I played with the Fresnel pattern when I was working with programmable LCDs to do holographic 2-photon microscopy, I guess I could have gotten better results if I used the pattern you've shown in this video instead of the Fresnel one, since they are diffractive devices and not refractive. At least if I understand correctly.
great work！！
I wonder if anyone uses (or if one could use) Shack-Hartmann wavefront detectors as input to an adaptive optics telescope system.
Quite nice.
I would love to see a livestream:
~Chilling at your compound, jamming to loud music, experimenting with light, cameras, optics, interference, feedback.
I find your interests -> interesting
That "party inside" scene, lol!
could you indicate that you used for etching and also were you can get it in the Netherlands? Same for the photoresist. Thank!
You can buy photoresists from microchemicals.com (Germany). They also sell developer solutions, but you can also use strongly diluted NaOH for this ( I think something like 0.01N.), which is much cheaper.
Have you considered making zone plates for focusing X-rays from PVD gold? You’ll need to upgrade your vacuum PVD system from thermal to e-beam, but I imagine you’re up the to task. They’re quite popular now in the micro-Xray-Computed tomography instrumentation, and I’d imagine you could sell some well-designed ones for good money to many universities or corporate research labs. The principle is the same for X-rays as it visible light, but especially advantageous due to the fact that the the refractive index of most materials is ~1 in the X-ray regime.
Hi
Do you know which company can make franell linze size 2 miter by 2 meter.
Or 1.5 by 1.5
Material flavksible clear plastic.
Are there specific radius for each consentric circle,
???
El amor en los tiempos del cólera.
Hi ! Great video and result ! Would you be able to reproduce fresnel lenses similar to wearality-sky-limitless-vr ?
fascinating work and results you achieve in your shop.
Did you consider using a LCD such as used in 3d resin printers instead of the projector DLP?
No I didn't, because most contain color filters on de LCD, which will absorb a large portion of the 405nm light. The DLP also allows for 365nm to be used, which can increase the resolution even further.
@@HuygensOptics Elegoo has released resin 3D printer which has 8K resolution monochrome LCD. Would that be an upgrade? They also sell the screen alone as upgrade pack for their older 3D printer so you wouldn't have to pay for whole printer just to salvage the lcd.
I just watched your video on making monolithic telescopes where you explain aspherical lenses, and then came back to watch this one again. This got me thinking: maybe adding trigonometric components like you use here to other lenses besides the conic and polynomial components could have interesting effects? Of course one can always approximate trigonometric functions with polynomial ones for numerical work, but it might be useful to think in terms of trig functions to get a better model for what's happening, instead of just letting the computer search for polynomial parameters that work. Do you have any thoughts on this?
1. Chebyshev polynomials?
2. No.
De man kan de Hubble repareren. Met garantie!
I was wondering: Do you think you could use a tessellated array of lenses with some nonlinear border shape to remove screen door effect on a digital display? It would be huge for VR applications. Anyway, I love the content on your channel. Very inspiring!
Interesting. I think the screen door effect is caused by the black space between the pixels. I think it might be possible to reduce this by using lenses that are directly adjacent. However this would only work well for a very specific directions.
@@HuygensOptics I think I see what you mean. I'm guessing the best we could do then is reduced screen door in the foveal region, but areas in the periphery would experience some kind of periodic appearance of the blank spaces (like a 2D moiré interference). Which might add more headache than it removes. Interesting, though. Thanks for the reply!
Hello, that software is for making an spheric or aspheric fresnel lens?
The equations look spheric to me.
I've been working on a project to measure the position of a piston in a hydraulic cylinder using a coherent pulsed radar on a monolithic chip. I've been using a plastic lens to columate the beam in the cylinder. It would be very desirable to use a lens that was close to flat. I've got an aperture that is less than 10 wavelengths and I'd like a focal length close to the aperture diameter.
Is this technology remotely applicable? I know nothing of diffractive optics.
I would guess so. of course the scale of your design would have to fit the radar wavelength, but zone plates are know to work with microwaves.
Please tell me you peeled the peel on the case at 0:22
What photoresist are you using and where do you get it from. Excellent and very interesting content.
It's Olin 00835 by Ciba Geigy. I got a sample of a colleague a few years ago. But I don't think the exact type is important as long as it yields layers of around 1 or 2 um and preferably has a high refractive index.
@@HuygensOptics thankyou I will have a look into it.
Hello , Your videos are awesome :)
I saw a cheap old DLP on some site and I was looking ways to use it. Then I saw your video.
Your channel is really top notch !!!! May I ask you the following :
Is there a possibility to view these fresnel lenses you produced with an electron microscope ( after sputtering some conductor on it of course ) . I am really curious about the gray areas. How is the 3D structure over there. Is grey areas more porous or thinner than fully cured parts ?
Thanks Greatly
I myself don't have an electron microscope. But I agree, it would be interesting to see what the slopes of the miniature Fresnel lenses look like. They will not be porous though, just show a gradual thickness gradient.
thank you
I have always wanted to use fresnal lens in front of my Infrared LEDs to keep some flood but also increase distance magnification if that is even possible..
That's kind of the reason they are used in lighthouses. Solid convex lenses would be expensive and have light loss due to their large mass.
This might seem a funny question. I build recumbent sociable human powered vehicles. Based on 1932 MG J2 sports cars. I use bullet or Dietz headlights that come with a flat lens and refractory mirrors. I was thinking of using Fresnel plastic magnification sheets to place over the flat lenses to direct control aim and light concentration of these lights. Am I on the right tract?
it might work, but you probably need Fresnel sheets with a very short focal length
@@HuygensOptics Now is that the depth of the lens, or the spacing of the rings across the face? I can get those RV backup or book reader sheets. The older Bullet lights have 2 bulbs, one set up higher in the case causing a wider front light casting. I'll be replacing that with LED's (COB) and controlling the power to the LED for high/low. These sheets use a thin lens and very tiny rings. Do you think this is what I'm looking for?
Is the source code for your application available?
I wonder if I could use these linear plates to create a fine structured light pattern for 3d scanning...
I think this might be possible, if you make advantage of the large chromatic aberration. You could build a line shaped optical distance sensor, a bit like these:
www.micro-epsilon.com/displacement-position-sensors/confocal-sensor/ , and then use the wavelength of the reflection as a measure for the distance.
@@HuygensOptics Interesting! Thanks!
Can you shed any details on the specific photoresist that you use here? or is this a trade secret? I've just subscribed, what a fantastic channel!
for this particular experiment I used Olin 00835 from Ciba Geigi. But many photoresist such as for example the ones form microchemicals.com will do just fine.
you could improve the picture quality by using a proper stand, or a box with a computer screen inside. and then take the picture, after calculating the refresh rate of the monitor.
or use a transparent foil and copy the image by contact.
this would give more sharpness, saying better results.
Hi! Thanks for this video. What are this lenses used for? Beside super tiny light houses :D
They can use them for Shack Hartman wavefront detectors.
@@HuygensOptics thanks for the replay :)
how does the light lense through the zebra patterns?
It's called diffraction. Here's a Wikipedia article to get you started: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_diffraction .
what if you coat the plate multiple times, and instead of using a fresnel pattern, you use a refractive lens pattern
I think he described exactly that at one point. He can create very tiny real Fresnel lenses.
I watched the video because I am interested in designing biodomes that reproduce tropical jungles. I am interested in the properties of the material and the qualities of it’s interaction with light. The purpose is to keep people from experiencing uncomfortable temperatures, and increase food production among other things. what are your thoughts on this? who do you think I should hire one day to conduct such research? thanks
coooooooool！
"I've worked a lot in the same room with my wife. This was ... a lot".
Could this be used to generate holograms?
To the extent that a magnifying lens can be used to generate holograms. Otherwise, no. A Fresnel zone plate focuses light.
Do you think is possible to make folding fernel lenses? It is kind of challenge :D
The zone plate app link is broken, could you fix it?
For some reason RUclips does not want to redirect, probably because the zip file contains an exe file. Also it does not want to display the full link. The name of the file is zp_writer.zip. If you copy the folder url and add this name you should be able to download. Let me know if you succeed.
@@HuygensOptics this worked, thank you
Please make a video demonstrating how polarizers work, passing one type of light and shutting the other, also showing how the polarizer work at an angle. Thank you.
Polarizers are nice to analyze using quantum mechanics. They are covered in most elementary QM courses. Basically there are three Dirac equations, one for vertical polarization, one for horizontal, and one for circular (out of phase) polarization. You can compute the expected output for any angle.
@@david203 But we still don't know the algorithm of coherence in QM. Maybe Rovelli's relational QM will one day provide the answer, using Dirac's equations.
@@sonarbangla8711 You don't need to consider decoherence to understand how polarizers work, which was your question. Decoherence, the transition from pure quantum states to classical states, is actually well understood, and can be seen in the density matrix by looking at the off-diagonal terms. Decoherence times can be calculated. But, again, this has nothing to do with polarizing filters, which do not involve decoherence.
Couldn't you use a sawtooth Fourier series?
A sawtooth is not the shape of a Fresnel diffraction grating.
Great stuff! Now I'm wondering about how to exploit this tech to create holograms. Zou dat kunnen?
if you figure out how, let me know!! i've wanted to make my own holograms for a while
I would like to build one of those wafer steppers just to play with, but that would be very high effort toy
The alternative would be to get a job at ASML. You could build and play with wafer steppers all day. And even get payed for it...
@@HuygensOptics i am a machinist by trade so there is not a lot of overlap besides making parts for the machines
That's true. They use a tremendous amount of parts, but almost all are produced by third parties.
7:23 Wait, so you don't have to etch the glass?
That is correct. No HF, just photoresist.
@@HuygensOptics Would it work better if it was etched? Also, I thought you'd need etching for the refractive lenses...
Not necessarily. The refractive index of novolac-type photoresists is generally ~1.6, so even higher than glass. The only downsides are the sensitivity to scratches and it's absorption in the deep UV.
Light field displays, here we come.
My dumbass intentivly listening having no understaning of whats being:
Huygens Optics: "Diffractive lenses have a large chromatic abberation
Me: I concur , here here :'D
Make some very affordable micro-lens arrays for light field displays so I can get some. Thanks in advance!
Where was the "please"?
Source code?
I like how the YT system thinks the viedo is about covid and controversial
i also found that interesting
Dude what the fuck! Subbed
Can I make a solar cooker? Those are tiny.
Yes, you would need a very large sheet Fresnel lens, which are not very expensive. But that is not the topic of this video.
In the art world I use transparent layers until I get the right thickness to make the light bounce around. And in the 3d modeling world we have ruclips.net/video/UEH5xdGU9T8/видео.html this video. I keep thinking that the wave generator in blender might accept equations - Blender uses python and its easy to make addons for it. But I'm still trying to figure out what your doing and why.
Fascinating. Could you make a video on EPFL's Controlled Caustics? The papers were super interesting
what do you think your chances in the apocalypse are?
Ah lifestyle changes. It's like that time when i changed from being a Bedouin shepherd in the desert to working as a well paid pimp working the house boat brothhels south of Utrecht.
As fact, it is inverted your task, you do MICRO lenses, but i need a MACRO lenses instead :)
Man`s cave forever!!!
Why small why not big ?
Ahaaa -zee microfilm. You did good Bond. You might zay ... maybe even too good vor your own good. *Click*🔫
Now, QUICKLY, hand ovah zee microfilm. Don't play coy with me Bond, it is no use!