How circuits REALLY work!
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 8 июл 2024
- Let's deep dive into how a simple electric circuit - a battery connected to a resistor - really works! What happens when we just close the switch?
00:00 Current not same everywhere
4:06 Current equalises eventually
8:21 Quick summary!
9:25 How battery works
11:47 Initial forces (& fields)
15:40 How forces become parallel
21:05 How forces become equal
30:30 Complete summary
================================================
Follow me at
Facebook: / floatheadphysix
Twitter: / floatheadphysix
Linkedin: / mahesh-shenoy-563514108
Subscribe: / @mahesh_shenoy
Quora: www.quora.com/profile/Mahesh-...
================================================
Support me and learn more physics at the same time by enrolling in my Udemy course
www.udemy.com/course/become1d...
www.udemy.com/course/becomeak...
================================================
Check my videos at Khan Academy
/ @khanacademyindiaenglish
================================================
![Sean Rii, Karyon, Sharzkii - Taungule [My Love] (Official Music Video)](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/eJoMuypbSzQ/mqdefault.jpg)
this is the type of intuition I always hoped in my physics journey. No one ever talks about this stuff. Not even in grad school. What a huge disappointment, really. thank you for your energy!!
Firstly,let me thank you for clearing almost all my doubts about electricity flow and voltage and whatsoever.
I've watching VERISTASIUM videos as well to achieve this but those didn't prove to be providing much explanation required and i never had this kinda intuition before.
I am a 2nd year FSC student from Pakistan who has been fighting issues with electricity flow since this concept was introduced to us in 10th class,finally now i can say that it ends here now that i found such a good explanor.
Although one thing that i didn't understand is that i think it should be negative charge deposited on the surface of other part of the circuit/wire as well and not positive charge.
Tell me where I'm getting it wrong,please.
I'll be waiting to get answers.😊
Think like this
See the battery has +ve charges on lower end(in video) and -ve on upper and as we attached these to the wire then due to conductors property the + charge got onto conductors surface from the end where it was connected and same for -ve
FINALLY! A Yuotuber who gets it right!!! It's frustrating to see channels with tens to hundreds times the number of views you have, mislead their viewers and subscribers with incorrect explanations.
You deserve way more views. Kudos for explaining this in such an intuitive way.
More deep dives! More deep dives! Thanks! The video answers a lot of questions and is really helpful. I would like a deep dive of the battery where you combine the anatomy of the battery from chemistry with your physics and present it. Once again, thanks a lot!
Glad to hear that! Yea, that would be awesome!
Yes i also loved that explanation
@@Mahesh_ShenoyAre you the guy from FAQ show??
I remember watching the Veritasium videos "How electricity actually works" and his explanation was not really understandable to me. I watched several more videos from other youtubers but still meh... this is the first one that actually makes sense to me. Thanks!
I also had my journey of trying to understand electric circuits through these videos for intuition and I can say, aside from this, the ones I recommend the most are: the one from science asylum about circuit energy which is awesome and just below this one in the list and two from alpha phoenix, one about electricity intuition and one about if electricity could solve a maze (funny that I got more out of the maze one because we could basically see what was happening with examples). Oh, and of course, the animations from eugene khutoryansky too! Specially the ones about inductors and capacitors.
Every time I get to watch your videos, even if am not that focused, everything you say just floats in comprehensively no questions at all. Love it🥰😁
that was THE BEST physics video AND lecture I've ever seen. Really, it culminated and integrated a lot of different individual little knowledges I had and made sense of why I needed to learn all that! I feel like I have an awesome intuition about how circuits work now and even happier that I'm learning about this field
Brilliant, should be a video watched by all students.
this is the most incredible channel ever
31:39 For example what?
Eagerly waiting for it.
More deep dives! More deep dives!
Thanks a ton.
I am very happy that you tackled the subject of electrons traveling in a circuit. I have had difficulty finding such high level of detail which includes the "transient stage." You say that initially, the current in the wire is very fast because there is little resistance, but as you know the normal drift velocity of electrons is relatively slow (2 cm/sec) which surprises a lot of people. It may have helped to compare the slow drift velocity of electrons to the velocity of the electric field, which is established at the speed of light. Also, I think that it's important to point out that just like in a resistor, the electrons moving through a wire also bump into atomic nuclei and move in lots of random directions with the net movement being in the direction of the field force. I know that you cover this in Khan Academy videos and thanks for mentioning me.😁
Haha, yea I am seeing I missed a lot of things!
Can you explain a little more about the transient state and drift velocity of electron being low
@@allamjogesh4512 All I know is that the normal drift velocity of electrons is relatively slow (2 cm/sec)
This man needs to be protected at all cost... Such brilliant intuition!!! Thanks for all you do Sir. Please don't stop helping us❤❤❤
I totally agree with you.
True, but sadly he will not probably upload these types of videos anymore. It seems like he has started to make videos only on famous topics like light, relativity, spacetime and black holes. I totally understand him, because then he can get more views, which is obviously important for a youtuber.
You are a saviour to students but honestly more so to hassled parents, who despite all their degrees fail to answer the queries of their child satisfactorily!! Keep making such deep dive videos.
Please make more videos like this! Very good for EE students!
these videos are amazing man, you don't understand how much this helped me. PLEASE do more deep dives!!!!!
This channel is phenomenal.
Thank you very much, there are many topics in this channel that I always had doubts about and no video or reading could get me out of doubt
Keep them coming! I’m a very slow learner so 1/2 hour is about right for me. Thanks!
i am getting asked a lot, why i always try to make things so complicated, instead of just accepting the theory as it is, remember the equation and go on with my life... but somehow i can not...
it is wonderful not only to finally get the answers, but it has been even more valuable for me to recognize, that my questions were not crazy and confusing in the first place and that there is a whole community of people on a similar path :)
i feel at home! thank you very much!
i do not care about the format of the video or its length, but i care about the ideas and intuition you offer!
so more topics about electrical engineering would be much appreciated, since it is not always easy to imaging the invisible stuff :)
awesome video, through my months of preparing for jee advanced i had lost my drive, intuition and curiosity for physics only ever looking at everything through a mathematical lens. only understanding just enough for problem solving. this video re ignited that fire i had for physics, thank you.
One of the best videos on the internet on how a circuit really works, Thanks sir
I'm so thankfull for you. More DEEP DEEP dives !
Yes yes!
Ultimately understand the puzzle of learner. Very good or the best teacher in the world. Thank you for the video.
Love the Deep dive. Thanks for your time
... for me, Mahesh, this is very interesting. I'm an electrical engineer and I learn new insights with your detail approach.
Keep them coming, don't worry about the length. Good thinks take time
Thanks
This was great thank you very much!! Love the deep dives
Hi mahesh first i would like to appreciate you for putting so much efforts and make learning physics easy and interesting.I have been watching your videos for 2 years which helped me a lot in comprehending the concepts easily feom khan academy. I always consider you as one of the best teacher . According to a research it says that if students from disadvantaged backgrounds get access to top 25% of teachers of the world then the gap between teacher and effluent student would completely disappear ....I believe that you are one of worlds top one quarter of teachers.Students really need teachers like you ...Thank you for sharing such an awesome video again.....
Wow, that made my day. Thanks for sharing :)
awesome explanation thank you so much
This is the best video about this topic and answered every open question I had. Thank you very much and I hope this gets millions of views!
Edit: Please make more of those 30min long videos where you go in depth!
Sure will :)
@@Mahesh_Shenoy Though I like those videos where only 1(or maybe 2) question's answer is elucidated.
Excellent explanation bro😁...you have opened a new understanding of every physics I have learnt so for...
I watched the entire lecture n thank you.
Please make these kind of detailed videos...before watching this video I always had a question that how does a battery know how much current should it push but after watching this video, I am now aware of that transient stage when all this happens..thanks a lot once again and keep up the good work🥰🥰
Wow, that's great to hear :)
Simply gold content
Thanks ☺️
Some questions I had during the video:
16:10 Why do we break the attraction into an upward force and a horizontal force? Isn't it simply just a diagonal force due to the repulsion and attraction of charges? And even if we break it into a upward and horizontal force, it still equals back to that same diagonal force since the horizontal force would balance out some of the upward force and results in the same thing again, thus why would there a an accumalation of electrons?
19:30 Why would the electrons leave behind positive charges when deposited on the surface?
20:20 Why do we end up with a positive charge on the surface of the wire? Isn't it the electrons which are travelling? So if electrons are travelling how does it cause a positive charge to be left on the surface of the wire?
It may be a bit stupid but I just can't understand lol, pls I'll appreciate it if anyone can explain it to me in simple terms
Great job Sir, I would love to see you explain pulse width modulation with this degree of clarity. Thanks
Your explanations are spectacular. Every sentence I hear from you is straightforward. Btw from which books have you learned this deep understanding of physics?
yes definitely make more insight into phenonema videos. this was beautiful!
I rarely say that, but your channel is highly underrated. Keep up with the good work
we want more & more deep dive videos like this
We love it MASHY, make more deep dive videos!
Haha, thanks!
we are intrested to watch the videos please upload regularly....................the video was awesome and deep loved it.....
very good and excellent for concept.
I feel enlightened
Dunning-Kruger effect is so strong. Every time I cautiously think I have some small bit of knowledge I realize I know nothing.
Thank you!!!
yes please make more in depth videos
this is great
Please make more videos like this...
I've already studied this so it wasn't anything new but I liked to think about each concept, specially the part of consider high current at one place and low at another causing accumulation of charges which works to eliminate the difference b/w currents (increasing lower current and decreasing higher current simultaneously to make everything equal)
Please tell me the name of the book from where you read it.
Loved it
The overall explain is very good, but that model gives the impression that the electrons really travels in the material.
As I understand, the electrons on the materials are always moving in they orbit, eventually jumping from atom to atom. On the presence of an electric field they will have a relative small component of acceleration in the opposite direction of the field, but they do not need to travel or jump to another atom to transfer that energy to others.
Each electron with an acceleration component, even the ones in the "wrong" direction, will slightly change the electric fiel around them, transferring part of that acceleration component to others electrons.
That process will keep going and the net result of that movement is the current.
To make it more clear, the net result of the movement of all electrons has a direction, but even in DC current, even for an infinity time, some electrons can never reach the other side of the battery.
I think a more accurate analysis requires a full blown quantum mechanical treatment where you consider the electron wave functions!
@@Mahesh_Shenoy I agree. Just wondering if we could not say "The electrons do not travel in straight paths, this movement is a resultant of small interactive movements".
Moreover, it makes easier to explain how they can curve in the bent of the wire without any field to accelerate them in another direction.
hey there. I really appreciate your explanation because i always had those questions, how the circuit behaved in such a way that all the voltage is concentrated on the resistor, and like if you had two resistors both of them will share the voltage depending on their resistance, those principles are basics in circuit analysis, but idk they seemed to me not that intuitive, and idk this concept of transients stage is totally ignored they just give you the laws and you just accept them. I really don't know why so much explainers ignore this concept, it is actually the key point that solved my misconceptions on these questions.
excellent Mahesh.Wonderful lucid explanation.Pls delve into all the topics deeper.
Best physics chanal on youtube. I really hope you will make more, deeper and sometimes (when you think it's needed) longer videos. Mist importent!, Continuing doing these awful, genial videoes, who tells much much more, than one should think. I think your videoes bring it's visitors much insigth on a level, that they ever thought possible. I believe you a dazzling your vudeoes with a magic touch. No, in fact I think, you are bringing the physics out in a way, there is exceptual. And at the same time, you are telling why the different topics are interesting; you are telling it in so great a way, that you are getting all of your visitors with you. Nothing above, nothing nearby. ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
If I were to be an examiner I would have given you 101/100 for this explanation !
From this video I learned a lot about the Science behind a heap of dumb electrons interacting and creating a skocking current i.e heard of sheeps(dumb electrons) listening to the master(battery) and going in a defined way guided by the fences(Electric field).
surface charges are like the sheeps at the edges telling there is no way out, just go in the forward direction .
I would definately like such deep diving topics on your channel Love you sir !
Oh man, thanks!!!
Mahesh, this was super complex, may be have to see it many times to understand
6:28 While wrting E2A the direction of area vector is along outward normal away from the gaussian surface so it should have been E1Acos0+E2Acos(180)=E1A-E2A=0
Thanks a lot sir.
I would like a deep dive of the battery where you combine the anatomy of the battery from chemistry with your physics and present it.
That is HUGE!
Thanks thanks ❤✨✨❤❤love you❤ your videos
It was the topic where I was confused a lot. All the intuitive details cleared most of my questions. You are such a non typical legend teacher.
It would be amazing if you could dissect the anatomy of the battery and explain every detail.
BTW, where did you get this detial? the transient state and the forces on each electron in the circuit? From a book? or internet?
Great video. Clarifies every confusion of mine. Btw a video on your thoughts on veritasium explanation of electric current.
Damn man, you teach so well..
great video
Thanks!
That's the thing! 😮❤
This is a great video, thank you. I have a question that you might be willing to answer. If you have two resistors in series the top do the first one will be positive and the bottom of the first one will be negative. What is the polarity of the second resistor? Is it’s top positive also?
Finally , got the reason 🙏😌 ,,
He iss awesomeeeeeee
Freaking awesome !
You can actually see this happen in observable time scales if you watch a HiPot test being completed on a large inductor, like a power transformer or 100+ MVA generator. The voltage is slowly increased and the current spikes and settles out, hopefully to near 0 amps, as the target voltage is reached.
Hi, thank you for a great video. Do you think the electric field is the same everywhere in the wire and the resistor? I think the electric field in the resistor(s ) is much larger than the electric field in the wires? Is there volume charge at the interface of the wire and the resistor? You say there is only surface charge. Is that also true inside of the resistor?
Yes, if the resistor has the same cross section as the conductor, the electric field inside the resistor is much greater, according to E = j / sigma. ( since I and A are the same, j has to be the same as well). The charge in this case resides at the interface between the two materials.
more deep dives!
More deep dives!
niceeee bro
More, more, more!
Great video sir, loved it :)
Something a little bit outta context that I’m about to ask, one thing which we know is that “Current always take the path of least resistance”, but my question is how does current that hasn’t yet reached the resistance area know that “I need to divert myself and not take the path of resistance”? A text solution would be fine too :)
Great question!
Current 'takes' all the possible paths.
The current in the path with highest resistance automatically becomes lower than the ones with lowest path!
What do you think?
Its like you are giving a push to water from one side and it has two path to go. So the path where the water experiences less obstruction is the path where the amount of water flow will be more. Hope it helps:)
25:30 Why do we only consider the front and back surface? Is the rest of the cylinder not also in perpendicular to the electric field?
Do you think that a round cable is better than a squared one in terms of electrons distribution? Maybe PCBs aren't the best thing to do if yes. Thanks for your lessons!
Oh, and could you also add the references or further reading to your deep dives? Would really help out!
Oh yes, will do!
What i understand is the electrons actually move very little in the circuit and the actual power transference comes from the electro-magnetic field. Veritasium has a video on it with experiment to go with it.
That is a great explanation.
But there is one kicker.
Voltage drops within resistors. If the electric flux is the same everywhere in the wire, how can the voltage drops along a resistor. Surely the E-Field must drop within there...
Actually, the battery wants to send electrons from the negative side to the positive side. It's just that there's something stopping them in the middle. In that case, shouldn't the electrons be bunched up in the middle before you connect the circuit?
college half knowledge which you pouring in my head is of confusion that i can apply it into my studies
but electrons move at like... cm/h rates in wire? really since they are bumping more in the resistor, that means that they *lose energy* (which is the thing that moves "very fast")
anyway good video this actually implements Maxwell equation in a way that helps me understand circuits so thanks for that
Hi sir,
Thanks a lot for deep dive explanation.
one question puzzling is how the like charges can accumulate at a point .??
Can you share your point of view.
Though I am trying to relate to surface charge formation, still I am unable to convince who these like charges can get accumulated concentratedly at starting for resistor.
Also it is not clear the site of accumulation is with in the resistor or before the resistor (conducting wire).
I hope there should be definitely some logical answer to this , Please kindly help me to understand.
Could you please explain the situation when there is no batter , for example when a voltage is induced by the elevtromagnetic effect and the voltage that induced by the transformer
I really love your voice ❤️
Aww, shucks! Thanks!
hi sir, I have two questions.Can you please answer them
1.Why does charge accumulation happen?why don't they repel each other
2.Potential difference isn't constant in real batteries,right?
I have a question. It may be silly but i really want to know if em force is non contact force qhy we have to connect two end of battery with load to drive it let say bulb why it doesnt glow by putting. Battery near to it
Sir, could you please make the same in depth video for series and parallel resisitors?
Because I don‘t understand how if I add a resistor in parallel why does the current increase instead of decease?
I know that the current takes every path but I would like to get the same Intuition from a in depth video like this one to make it realy clear how the electrons move or distribute during initial state and steady state for example.
Thanks for the request, Tobias! Added it to the list!
Sir can you make a video on why a moving charge produces a magnetic field?
Check out khan academy India English channel for that;
@@aryanraj441 Yes! And the Khan Academy website for practice exercises: I'd really recommend using KA for practice, and videos to fill in conceptual gaps and address pain points in intuition for the core ideas.
That’s a really good question!
And does it have an explanation? For me this is the ones of the laws of the universe that we can describe how it works, but cannot explain why exists yet, like the speed limit of the light or the existence of gravity.
@@rogeriocosta1035 I think special relativity can take it one step deeper! As per my understanding, electric & magnetic fields aren’t separate ‘things’. When you change reference frames, say a stationary one to a moving one, the electric field manifests itself as the magnetic field!
Trying to make sense of your explanation to why the force is along the wire. I don’t understand why in the lower wire the distribution is of positive charge surrounding the surface. The electrons are feeling the diagonal force hence its make sense they would redistribute on the surface?
other point if the wire have very small resistance then the charge accumulation will better explain why the force is a long the wire even if the wire has different twist and turns
[Typo corrected]
Hi sir,
Thanks a lot for deep dive explanation.
one question puzzling is how the like charges can accumulate at a point .??
Can you share your point of view.
Though I am trying to relate to surface charge formation, still I am unable to convince HOW these like charges can get accumulated concentratedly at starting for resistor.
Also it is not clear the site of accumulation is with in the resistor or before the resistor (conducting wire).
I hope there should be definitely some logical answer to this , Please kindly help me to understand
Sir, I have always a query that Can we discharge just a single plate of the capacior by connecting it to the ground while other plate remains charged?
i wonder what really happens if we put the battery connected to a wire, a short circuit. i'd love a vision for that like this.
what happens when we join a conducting wire to a battery?
how does the current remains constant?
Is this related to transiants?
At around 19 minutes, you said that perpendicular component of force on the electron i.e force vector perpendicular to the wire will be stronger near the battery but according the electric field, the net force will be along the wire, there should not be any perpendicular component
This is an example our education system should learn from.The rote learning things make such interesting phenomena and their explanation too much annoying. Thanks for making such intuitive videos.I will be grateful if you can make a video on electric potential.Please🙏🙏.
In one of your videos,you said that potential difference in a ideal battery is constant
But when the battery dies,the p.d. also drops.
So how is p.d. constant here? (DC current)
An ideal battery doesn't die :D
Can you please make a short video on chemical pull inside a battery please?
Adding it to the list!
Mind blowing stuff..... Where it came from😅, btw can u make some intutive stuff related to quantum physics
I don’t think quantum is intuitive :-/. Also, not an expert at it!
@@Mahesh_Shenoy what about statistical physics? 😇
@@Mahesh_Shenoy Your wave-particle duality explainers at KA are actually really well-made! I'd love to see your quantum physics explainers too on your channel (or KAI)! :)