People, please appreciate the work that Dave does. He is giving us knowledge that you can't possibly acquire but thorough days and days of study and practice, and he is doing this for free. Don't bother the gentleman with nonsense. He has proved that his work is genuine many times fold. Ask reasonable questions and don't doubt this man's honesty. Thanks Dave.
I've been thinking about this, Dave. You know what the problems is with those who have nothing to share but negativity? It's the fact that they can't do what you do & they feel inferior. And you make it look so easy. Don't let them pull you down, brother. You are the one and only Pathfinder. Thank you from all of us who can't get enough and who are appreciative of you taking the time to share your tribal knowledge with us.
Not sure who the "doubters" are out there, but anyone who has followed you for some time (like me) knows that if you lay out the way you did something then that's how you did it. I've see enough of your videos to know you say what you mean and do what you say. Keep up the great work Dave and don't let the doubters deter you. You have taught me so much and I'm sure there are 10's of thousands out there that would agree with me on that. God Bless.
Pretty sure anyone with a shred of common sense can work out what an honest guy Dave is and appreciates the wisdom he continues to share with us all. Another awesome vid man gj.
Dave I am just one of many but my advice, and not that you need it you are squared away, is don't let the morons get you down. You have been in the military you know the type of people out there with the 86 I.Q. and access to the internet. Your a great teacher and I have learned a ton from your vids. For me I find them very straight forward and easy to understand. Also I have no doubt of your integrity so the edits are not an issue. Thanks for what you do and how you do it.
Thanks for everything, Dave... you have taught me more skills that I can use throughout the years to come than anyone else has. The content you provide is more important due to the economic turmoil in this country. Thanks to the poor management of monetary policy in this country, traditional retirement is not an option for my later years. Your videos help me learn the skills needed for my "retirement" plans and living using self reliance techniques.
Im teaching my 14 yr old son, my best friend and his 14 yr old son and a few more of my son friends as much as possible. we go our primitive camping all the time. your channel is a wealth of great information, love it!!! keep up the good work!
I enjoyed the first one too. I believe you, and Ive seen you make fires hundreds of times to know you can do it in wet conditions. Thanks for teaching.
Dave, I think you taught something else today. Not just that fire can be made in wet conditions with a little patience but that with a little self control you can rise above the judges. Well done bud. The fire vid was awesome and your character came shining brightly through as well.
they questioned you because they would have more chance having a tornado run through a junkyard and it builds a fully functioning 747 then they could start a fire in dry conditions never mind damp or wet. always a joy and learning experience watching your videos from 1 dave to another thank you
Suck it up Shirley! Their just Arm Chair Whinners! We watch you to learn, to prepare, to survive, to deal with the basic's of life in the wilderness with just the clothes on our back when the SHTF. I genuflect in your general direction! We too appreciate what you do for us. What you do for our family's. The time you put in for us to learn. We all learn for each other. Best regards, Mike
Dave you're the man and one of my biggest motivations and role models that I have in life. These youtube warriors don't even have the right to say some of the crap they do. You've been doing these stuff for decades and have been doing it well. So thank you for everything that you do, you're a wilderness legend as far as I am concerned and to the idiots who had problems with the first video, pay attention to detail and open your eyes once in awhile.
Your awsome big D. I like the outdoors and making things tough on myself when my brother and I are out there in the sierra nevadas working on our skills. Self reliance is key and i watch all your videos to help hone my skill. Your techniques from A to Z are great, straight forward, and with practice Ive mastered nearly all of them, but in a real life or death situation my brother and I have agreed if we could choose anyone to be with us it would be you hands down. Much thanks Dave ur awsome!!!!
Don`t worry about the haters Dave. We are so blessed that you make these videos for us. Please continue to do your videos. We have learned so much! Thanks again.
Apparently lots of new viewers still coming in after watching old re-runs of Dual Survival - which is a good thing. Folks, if you haven't clicked on Dave's RUclips channels you really should. He has been at this on RUclips for years and there is a ton of woodland wisdom there waiting for you to view them.
I can't get enough of the firecraft videos! I'm always amazed when I see a bird nest catch when using flint/steel or other primitive methods. Great Video!
Great stuff Dave. I made a fire last night using some of your information. I did it about an hour after a thunderstorm blew through. Took some TLC to get it goin but we made some bannock over the coals after it had burned down a bit. Great vids, thanks for posting & Keep them coming please.
hey Dave I enjoyed all your videos they are really great. keep them coming I practice the same thing here in Georgia continuously and religiously. your videos are right to the point and dead on. I think I've watched all your videos lol. have a great day.
Wait, people actually questioned Dave's fire making abilities?! LOL? I've seen him start fire with a bag of his own piss! RUclips is full of all kinds of "experts" but sadly they never have any videos to show. Dave has posted 500+ informative (free) videos to help the common man. THANKS DAVE!! If you appreciate all his hard work make sure to always click the ads on his vids, too!!
Don't let them get to you Dave, There is no way to please everyone, If they have questions just ask or better yet go out and try it. Kepp up the great job, Not sure why people find the need to post negitive comments,
Good video. It is pathetic that people are gonna harass a guy who is obviously dedicating a large amount of his time to teaching these skills FOR FREE and does a great job of it. Keep up the good work Dave. Just remember the old saying "you can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink"...There are some folks who are gonna live and die ignorant and there is no way to reach them, you don't have to prove anything to those kind of people and you'll only waste your time trying.
Good vid ...Again ....Dave. Love your vids brother. For all the guys that question weather or not you're working in wet conditions. To hell with them. You keep makin your vids the way you are my friend and we'll keep watchin... I've learned a hell of a lot from your channel. and hope to learn much more...Take care brother...Rod I hope this summer to make it down to Ohio to take in one of your classes. God bless you and your family...Rod
Please repost the other vid. For those of us who know and love you're vids, we don't question them. We understand that you have to edit for time concerns. What you teach us is invaluable knowledge.
Great stuff Dave. I'm enjoying this video, while smoking my clay pipe lit with char cloth, flint and steel. Great inspirations from you Dave. Rock on brother.
Another great video Dave. Thanks. I missed the first one so didn't get to see what all the fuss was about but regardless, there is more I can learn from this one so again thank you! God bless.
I never get sick of watching you make fire brother. You make it look easy! And I have to say I like the candid moments in your videos. The longer the better in my opinion. I know everyone won't agree with that tho. Can't wait for another project video. I need something new to practice. Hahaha
Dave, Thanks for the vid and the tip about lamp wick, I have kero lanterns but never thought about using the wick like that. Continued success good luck
Dave, so sorry that you had to re-shoot this video. As fo rme, I saw nothing wrong with the first one. I live in SW Ohio and everything here is soaked as well. Anyone that would question your video's must be a "Johnny come lately" in watching and knowing your character. Keep up the good work, and rest assure, the bulk of us TRUST your integrity and we appreciate all you do for us. May the Lord bless you and your family. Stephen, Ohio
Hope you know that we appreciate your work and your vids, Dave! These are some of the skills I probably should have picked up when I was younger, and I hope that I'll be able to teach them to my son. I might even give you credit... ;) Keep up the great work!
diggin your cast iron bacon and eggs skillet. I just scored a cast iron waffle iron from 1922. Minus the wood stove ring so it was 2 dollars. It is a Sears and Roebuck but it is an exact duplicate of a Warner I have from the same time period also. Guess manufacturers and retailers outsourced production back then also
You're a Master at this stuff. Maybe the haters would like to see you start a fire while standing under a waterfall? LOL Heck! You might actually be able to. I always remember what the great Zig Ziglar said in one of his videos; 'Some people find FAULT like there's a REWARD for it' (not that they can find any in what you do, my friend) but they're always critical of everyone but themselves. You rock! And you took the high road and proved everything with ease. God bless!
The naysayers, however moronic and foolish they may sometimes be, are necessary for many reasons. If a teacher was never questioned, he would fall under the assumption that everything was understood. You not only increase your own skill level, but the repeated teachings help those that have questions and do not ask. Bravo Sir.
Seriously... who would question Dave? The ground isn't wet? I bet that couch or recliner chair that they cant seem to remove themselves from is warn out from them sitting on it all day instead of getting out and practicing the things they learn. FYI I lost my camera, so I havent been able to post vids for a while, but you can bet Im out practicing the things I learn, as well as the things I already know.... Good work Dave. Thanks for the videos..
As I watch this video again I think I know what they might use to keep out humidity. They used horns for gun powder right? What did they use as a cork or stopper?
Great vid. Hey bro I saw Ray Mears using charred wood from his camp fire the next morning to get a fire going with flint and steel. I haven't had success yet. Have you tried that method. A lot easier to carry pieces of charred wood if I can get the hang of it. Keep sharin.
since we're in the frontir series, ever think of making some frontier era traps? fur trade traps like sampson post log traps? the traditional traps of the era.
Dave...I want to make a flint and steel kit. I saw your video on how to forge a striker from a file. But I don't have a section of railroad track laying around. But I do have a large slab of concrete. It's smooth on one side so I'm thinking it might work. What are your thoughts. I don't wanna get set up and have the slab break apart.
that is odd that they would use everything but pork fat becouse it would have been extremly common, idk if it has a higher tendency to go rancid or not but i thank you for sharing what you have learned!
Don't sweat the small stuff Dave, there will always be someone who has something negative to say. They won't ever figure out that you know what you're doing until they get out of their Momma's basement and try it themselves !!!
i am one of the old guys that can make fire flint and steel but some new tricks are nice to see i have lamp wick also i make a tender tube to keep it in. like i say [man play with fire man get burnt ]
well there are obviously more effective ways of hunting but it could be an effective tool in the right situation. i never have used poison and probably never will but i recently learned of wolfsbane and thought it would be good to know if any plants in my region had the same properties. and poison does always have to kill it can just stun or paralyze depending on the poison used
Hay bro.. Dave has a video somewhere way in the depths of his channel that shows him and his two sons making fire and cooking a rabbit in a torental downpour. Find it! Actually, Im gonna go find it too because its a great video.. Very real and raw.
I have a good idea, why not try making a video on frontier era trapping? maybe some simple designs trappers used in the fur trade. log deadfalls similar to the ojibwa deadfall were popular both where I live(eastern Canada) and in the northeast US, where trappers never took steel traps with them, but rather opted to build traps from the natural resources around them. you should check it out.
maybe, but what happens when you drop your lighter in the water or when it malfunctions. I say take a lighter or two but learn how to light a fire several different ways because you never know what might happen.
Gives me the sh1ts that mr C thinks he has to justify the way he does what he does cause of a few ppl he is the man and no body does it better or works as hard as he does loved both vids and I bet the majority were happy stuff the minority thanks anyway Dave put the other one back up please as well
People, please appreciate the work that Dave does. He is giving us knowledge that you can't possibly acquire but thorough days and days of study and practice, and he is doing this for free. Don't bother the gentleman with nonsense. He has proved that his work is genuine many times fold. Ask reasonable questions and don't doubt this man's honesty.
Thanks Dave.
I've been thinking about this, Dave.
You know what the problems is with those who have nothing to share but negativity?
It's the fact that they can't do what you do & they feel inferior.
And you make it look so easy.
Don't let them pull you down, brother.
You are the one and only Pathfinder.
Thank you from all of us who can't get enough and who are appreciative of you taking the time to share your tribal knowledge with us.
Not sure who the "doubters" are out there, but anyone who has followed you for some time (like me) knows that if you lay out the way you did something then that's how you did it. I've see enough of your videos to know you say what you mean and do what you say. Keep up the great work Dave and don't let the doubters deter you. You have taught me so much and I'm sure there are 10's of thousands out there that would agree with me on that. God Bless.
Dave, this is one of the best channels on youtube. Everyone in America needs to subscribe to this material! We appreciate all that you do Dave!
Pretty sure anyone with a shred of common sense can work out what an honest guy Dave is and appreciates the wisdom he continues to share with us all. Another awesome vid man gj.
Dave I am just one of many but my advice, and not that you need it you are squared away, is don't let the morons get you down. You have been in the military you know the type of people out there with the 86 I.Q. and access to the internet. Your a great teacher and I have learned a ton from your vids. For me I find them very straight forward and easy to understand. Also I have no doubt of your integrity so the edits are not an issue. Thanks for what you do and how you do it.
Thanks for everything, Dave... you have taught me more skills that I can use throughout the years to come than anyone else has. The content you provide is more important due to the economic turmoil in this country. Thanks to the poor management of monetary policy in this country, traditional retirement is not an option for my later years. Your videos help me learn the skills needed for my "retirement" plans and living using self reliance techniques.
Im teaching my 14 yr old son, my best friend and his 14 yr old son and a few more of my son friends as much as possible. we go our primitive camping all the time. your channel is a wealth of great information, love it!!! keep up the good work!
I enjoyed the first one too. I believe you, and Ive seen you make fires hundreds of times to know you can do it in wet conditions. Thanks for teaching.
Dave, I think you taught something else today. Not just that fire can be made in wet conditions with a little patience but that with a little self control you can rise above the judges. Well done bud. The fire vid was awesome and your character came shining brightly through as well.
they questioned you because they would have more chance having a tornado run through a junkyard and it builds a fully functioning 747 then they could start a fire in dry conditions never mind damp or wet. always a joy and learning experience watching your videos from 1 dave to another thank you
Suck it up Shirley! Their just Arm Chair Whinners! We watch you to learn, to prepare, to survive, to deal with the basic's of life in the wilderness with just the clothes on our back when the SHTF. I genuflect in your general direction! We too appreciate what you do for us. What you do for our family's. The time you put in for us to learn. We all learn for each other. Best regards, Mike
Dave you're the man and one of my biggest motivations and role models that I have in life. These youtube warriors don't even have the right to say some of the crap they do. You've been doing these stuff for decades and have been doing it well. So thank you for everything that you do, you're a wilderness legend as far as I am concerned and to the idiots who had problems with the first video, pay attention to detail and open your eyes once in awhile.
Dave, a very wise man I speak to daily once said "let your yes be yes". Peace brother.
In my experience , there are some people who you just can't please. Thank you for another great video, learn something new every time !
Your awsome big D. I like the outdoors and making things tough on myself when my brother and I are out there in the sierra nevadas working on our skills. Self reliance is key and i watch all your videos to help hone my skill. Your techniques from A to Z are great, straight forward, and with practice Ive mastered nearly all of them, but in a real life or death situation my brother and I have agreed if we could choose anyone to be with us it would be you hands down. Much thanks Dave ur awsome!!!!
Who else was breathing along with Dave when he was blowing on the tinder bundle? LOL
Don`t worry about the haters Dave. We are so blessed that you make these videos for us. Please continue to do your videos. We have learned so much! Thanks again.
Apparently lots of new viewers still coming in after watching old re-runs of Dual Survival - which is a good thing. Folks, if you haven't clicked on Dave's RUclips channels you really should. He has been at this on RUclips for years and there is a ton of woodland wisdom there waiting for you to view them.
I can't get enough of the firecraft videos! I'm always amazed when I see a bird nest catch when using flint/steel or other primitive methods. Great Video!
Dave you have nothing to prove to no one... Been watching you for years mate, hands down your the best on youtube :)
Dave, you are such a great guy. Thank you for posting/sharing all your knowledge with us!
dont let the doubters shake you....thank you for what you do and did happy vets day
Great stuff Dave. I made a fire last night using some of your information. I did it about an hour after a thunderstorm blew through. Took some TLC to get it goin but we made some bannock over the coals after it had burned down a bit. Great vids, thanks for posting & Keep them coming please.
Nice to see you took my advice about the small stick bundles and getting the tinder off the damp ground. looks to have made a hell of a difference.
hey Dave I enjoyed all your videos they are really great. keep them coming I practice the same thing here in Georgia continuously and religiously. your videos are right to the point and dead on. I think I've watched all your videos lol. have a great day.
Wait, people actually questioned Dave's fire making abilities?! LOL? I've seen him start fire with a bag of his own piss! RUclips is full of all kinds of "experts" but sadly they never have any videos to show. Dave has posted 500+ informative (free) videos to help the common man.
THANKS DAVE!!
If you appreciate all his hard work make sure to always click the ads on his vids, too!!
Don't let them get to you Dave, There is no way to please everyone, If they have questions just ask or better yet go out and try it. Kepp up the great job, Not sure why people find the need to post negitive comments,
These are wonderful videos, I enjoy them all. Thank you Dave.
Good video. It is pathetic that people are gonna harass a guy who is obviously dedicating a large amount of his time to teaching these skills FOR FREE and does a great job of it. Keep up the good work Dave. Just remember the old saying "you can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink"...There are some folks who are gonna live and die ignorant and there is no way to reach them, you don't have to prove anything to those kind of people and you'll only waste your time trying.
Good vid ...Again ....Dave. Love your vids brother. For all the guys that question weather or not you're working in wet conditions. To hell with them. You keep makin your vids the way you are my friend and we'll keep watchin... I've learned a hell of a lot from your channel. and hope to learn much more...Take care brother...Rod I hope this summer to make it down to Ohio to take in one of your classes. God bless you and your family...Rod
Please repost the other vid. For those of us who know and love you're vids, we don't question them. We understand that you have to edit for time concerns. What you teach us is invaluable knowledge.
really good videos...watch them very often i wish there were guys like you in austria...
Gracias Dave ! Haces un buen trabajo con tus videos . Le deseo salud y felicidad a ti y a tu familia . Gracias !
you aint gotta prove shit to nobody. love your vids dave
Please don't let haters and trolls dictate the content you create Dave.
Great stuff Dave. I'm enjoying this video, while smoking my clay pipe lit with char cloth, flint and steel. Great inspirations from you Dave. Rock on brother.
Another great video Dave. Thanks. I missed the first one so didn't get to see what all the fuss was about but regardless, there is more I can learn from this one so again thank you! God bless.
I never get sick of watching you make fire brother. You make it look easy! And I have to say I like the candid moments in your videos. The longer the better in my opinion. I know everyone won't agree with that tho. Can't wait for another project video. I need something new to practice. Hahaha
Thank you Dave! Ill Watch Whatever the hell you do. I acknowledge the information I am Getting and am Grateful. Keep em Coming!
Dave,
Thanks for the vid and the tip about lamp wick, I have kero lanterns but never thought about using the wick like that.
Continued success good luck
Dave, so sorry that you had to re-shoot this video. As fo rme, I saw nothing wrong with the first one. I live in SW Ohio and everything here is soaked as well. Anyone that would question your video's must be a "Johnny come lately" in watching and knowing your character. Keep up the good work, and rest assure, the bulk of us TRUST your integrity and we appreciate all you do for us. May the Lord bless you and your family. Stephen, Ohio
Every site has its Trolls. Ignore them. I appreciate you sharing your knowledge as to thousands of others.
Hope you know that we appreciate your work and your vids, Dave!
These are some of the skills I probably should have picked up when I was younger, and I hope that I'll be able to teach them to my son.
I might even give you credit... ;)
Keep up the great work!
diggin your cast iron bacon and eggs skillet. I just scored a cast iron waffle iron from 1922. Minus the wood stove ring so it was 2 dollars. It is a Sears and Roebuck but it is an exact duplicate of a Warner I have from the same time period also. Guess manufacturers and retailers outsourced production back then also
I have always like your channel. OHIO is where its at! keep um comin Dave!
You are doing a great job Dave.
Regards
Johan from Sweden.
Just hearing those birds on the background makes me want to go outdoors :P
Dave ignore the idiots they will always be with us
You're a Master at this stuff. Maybe the haters would like to see you start a fire while standing under a waterfall? LOL Heck! You might actually be able to. I always remember what the great Zig Ziglar said in one of his videos; 'Some people find FAULT like there's a REWARD for it' (not that they can find any in what you do, my friend) but they're always critical of everyone but themselves. You rock! And you took the high road and proved everything with ease. God bless!
Thanks Dave for the VDO. Your vdo is super fun to watch.
Dave. The video was fine. There are people in the world you just can't make happy. Dont worry about it Brother.
Thank you for you meny years of skill you made that look so easy. Grate job.
dave yr vids are awsome i watch them so fast and learn so much that it sucks waiting for the next one to out
Your the best.. no apologizes necessary ... Thank you my friend
Love the videos. Thank you sir for the good work. Maybe this will save someone's life one day.
Great vid. Making a fire in damp or less than ideal conditions is not easy.
The naysayers, however moronic and foolish they may sometimes be, are necessary for many reasons. If a teacher was never questioned, he would fall under the assumption that everything was understood. You not only increase your own skill level, but the repeated teachings help those that have questions and do not ask. Bravo Sir.
We'll be more than happy to take that rain off yer hands down here in FL. Lake is down 4' at the moment.
Seriously... who would question Dave? The ground isn't wet? I bet that couch or recliner chair that they cant seem to remove themselves from is warn out from them sitting on it all day instead of getting out and practicing the things they learn. FYI I lost my camera, so I havent been able to post vids for a while, but you can bet Im out practicing the things I learn, as well as the things I already know.... Good work Dave. Thanks for the videos..
Dave Canturberry, The Fire Whisperer!
As I watch this video again I think I know what they might use to keep out humidity. They used horns for gun powder right? What did they use as a cork or stopper?
Good job Dave! I enjoyed the first vid also. Are you still hanging out in the tipi?
Great vid. Hey bro I saw Ray Mears using charred wood from his camp fire the next morning to get a fire going with flint and steel. I haven't had success yet. Have you tried that method. A lot easier to carry pieces of charred wood if I can get the hang of it. Keep sharin.
since we're in the frontir series, ever think of making some frontier era traps? fur trade traps like sampson post log traps? the traditional traps of the era.
Dave...I want to make a flint and steel kit. I saw your video on how to forge a striker from a file. But I don't have a section of railroad track laying around. But I do have a large slab of concrete. It's smooth on one side so I'm thinking it might work. What are your thoughts. I don't wanna get set up and have the slab break apart.
that is odd that they would use everything but pork fat becouse it would have been extremly common, idk if it has a higher tendency to go rancid or not but i thank you for sharing what you have learned!
you ever try a tinder can,with punk wood. i have seen the tube idea. new old idea
Dave does the fluffy white cottonwood seeds make good tender ?
Don't sweat the small stuff Dave, there will always be someone who has something negative to say. They won't ever figure out that you know what you're doing until they get out of their Momma's basement and try it themselves !!!
Did You use Your hand there 9:54 to bounce back heat to the flame? It just exploded then. And we watch You from Europe as well
i am one of the old guys that can make fire flint and steel but some new tricks are nice to see i have lamp wick also i make a tender tube to keep it in. like i say [man play with fire man get burnt ]
yet another great video, Thanks Dave.
well there are obviously more effective ways of hunting but it could be an effective tool in the right situation. i never have used poison and probably never will but i recently learned of wolfsbane and thought it would be good to know if any plants in my region had the same properties. and poison does always have to kill it can just stun or paralyze depending on the poison used
Thanks for all you do.
Great video. Does anybody know any good books that take place during the frontier period
Thanks Dave I have been watching your videos and your doing a great job keep it up. Mark (Hoss)
i am a very satisfied viewer. thanks trail boss.
Your the man dave keep em coming!!!!
You the man Dave....
I came for the fire building, I stayed for the sexy man candy.
Where did you get the folding Skillet?
Thanks for sharing all the tips.
Great video, keep on rockin !
Great vid Dave!!! Don't let suburbanites get ya down.
Thanks for the video Dave.
Dave Do you still have room for youth archery my nephew wants to come and join in. I can't handle the deposit. But I get paid the 17th of may.
Hey Jeff Again, Nice Dave Great Information Like Always.
Hay bro.. Dave has a video somewhere way in the depths of his channel that shows him and his two sons making fire and cooking a rabbit in a torental downpour. Find it! Actually, Im gonna go find it too because its a great video.. Very real and raw.
W-i-lll--ll Do..Sir .Thank you for the time you took to respond
@chyweezy2020 They are bad here in Alabama. Went camping in Mississippi this past weekend and they were horrible there too!
i once used the top of one of my socks for tinder in damp weather... you dont need a whole sock ALL of the time :)
Thank you Dave
Try an old file from a boot/yard sale or buy a cheap one new, itll do as long as its high carbon content.
I have a good idea, why not try making a video on frontier era trapping? maybe some simple designs trappers used in the fur trade. log deadfalls similar to the ojibwa deadfall were popular both where I live(eastern Canada) and in the northeast US, where trappers never took steel traps with them, but rather opted to build traps from the natural resources around them. you should check it out.
your the man dave!
maybe, but what happens when you drop your lighter in the water or when it malfunctions. I say take a lighter or two but learn how to light a fire several different ways because you never know what might happen.
Dave, YOUARETHEMAN!!!
Gives me the sh1ts that mr C thinks he has to justify the way he does what he does cause of a few ppl he is the man and no body does it better or works as hard as he does loved both vids and I bet the majority were happy stuff the minority thanks anyway Dave put the other one back up please as well
badhorse band -Back in the woods
dave, many thanks!
-dale