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Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing Suvu> Sıvı=fluid, liquid Suv-up =liquefied (~soup) Suv-mak= to make it flow onwards or upwards (>sıvamak) Suy-mak= to make it flow over Süv-mek= to make it flow inwards Sür-mek= to make it flow ON something Sur-up(şurup)=syrup / Suruppah(chorba)=soup /Suruppat(şerbet)=sorbet /meşrubat=beverage /şarap=wine Süp-mek= to make it flow outwards / Süp-der-mek>süptürmek>süpürmek=to sweep Say-mak= to make it flow drop by drop (one by one from the mind) = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer) Söy-mek= to make it flow from the mind / Söy-le-mek= to make the sentences flowing through the mind = to say, ~to tell Sev-mek= to make it flow(pour) from the mind to the heart = to love Söv-mek=to say whatever's on own mind (~call names) Süy-mek= to make it flow through (Süyüt> süt= milk) Soy-mak= to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob ) (Suy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress (Suy-der-mak)>sıyırmak= ~skinning , ~skimming Siy-mek= to make it flow downwards / to pee Siyitik>sidik= urine Sağ-mak= ~to make it pour down (Sağanak=downpour) Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak= ~to spill it from thought into emotions> ~longing Sağn-mak>San-mak= ~to pour from thought to idea (to arrive at a guess) Sav-mak= ~to make it pour outward (2.>put forward /set forth in) (sağan)=Sahan=the container to pour water (Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-en-al-mak)>savunulmak=to get being defended (Sav-eş-mak)1.savaşmak=to pour blood / to shed each other's blood (savaş= war) 2.savuşmak=to get spilled around (altogether/downright)> sıvışmak=~running away in fear Soğ-mak= to penetrate through Soğ-der-mak>soğurmak=~ make it spread inside Sok-mak= ~to put/take it (by forcing) inward Sök-mek= ~take/put it (by forcing) outward (~unstitch) Sık-mak = ~to squeeze /tighten (Sıkı= stringent) Sığ-mak= ~fit inside Süz-mek=~to make it lightly flow from up to downwards (~to filter, strain out) Sez-mek=~to make it lightly flow into the mind (~to perceive, to intuit) Sız-mak=~to get flowed slightly/slowly (~to infiltrate) Sun-mak=to extend forwards (presentation, exhibition, to serve up) Sün-mek=to expand reaching outwards (sünger=sponge) Sın-mak=to reach by extending upwards or forwards Sin-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide onself) Sön-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to be extinguished) mak/mek>(emek)=exertion /process al =get et= make en=own diameter eş=partner Tan= the dawn /旦 Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of) Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak= diagnose /to identify Tanınmak = tanı-en-mak= to be known Tanıtmak = tanı-et-mak=to make it to be known /to introduce Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak= to get to know each other =(to meet first time) Danışmak= to get information through each other Tıŋı= the tune (timbre) /调 /ட்யூன் Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally Tıŋı-la-mak= to get the sound out >(Tınlamak=~reacting /answering /~to take heed of) Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >(Dinmek= to calm down / to get quiescent Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >(Dinlemek= to listen / 听) Çığ (chiuv) = snowslide / 雪崩 Çığ-ur-mak =çığırmak= ~to scream / ~to sing shouting Çığırı > Jigir > Shuir> Şiir = Poetry / 诗歌 Cır-la-mak > Jırlamak > to squeal / shouting by crying with a shrill noise Çığırgı > Jırgı> Shuirgı> Şarkı = Song / 曲子 Çağ-ur-mak =çağırmak= calling - inviting / 称呼 / 邀请 Çağrı = Calling / 称呼 Uç > ~up-side (endpoint) (o-bir-uç=burç=extreme point= bourge) / tepe=~top-point (Uç-mak)= to fly (Uç-a-var)= Uçar=it flies (has a chance to fly / arrives by flying) (Uç-ma-bas)= uçmaz= doesn't fly (~gives up flying / doesn't bother to fly) (Uç-der-ma-bas)=(uçturmaz)=uçurmaz= doesn't fly it (doesn't make it fly) (Uç-eş-ma-bas)=uçuşmaz= doesn't (all)together fly (Uç-al-ma-bas)=uçulmaz= no one has gotten to fly /~no one's allowed to fly Der-mek= (~to provide) to set the layout by bringing together (der-le-mek= to compile) Dar-mak= to bring into a different order by disrupting the old (thara-mak=to comb) Dur-mak= to keep being present/there (~to survive/ ~to remain) (thuror>thor =permanent /he’s thuror>hıdır>hızır=existent=green man) Dur-der-mak> durdurmak= ~to stop Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll) Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis ( Thörmek>old meaning)- to stir /to mix (current meaning) (döngü)törüş/törüv=tour (törüv-çi / törüv-giş=tourist / thörük halk=mixed people among themself (Thöre-mek)>türemek= to get created a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind / type) Töre=the order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history) Thör-et-mek=türetmek= to create a new layout by adding in each other= to derive Thör-en-mek>dörünmek= to rotate oneself /(2. to turn by oneself) Thör-en-mek>>dörn-mek>Dönmek= to turn oneself (Dön-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something (Dön-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something (Dön-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ to transform Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> eğmek= to tilt/ to bend Eğ-al-mek=Eğilmek=to get being inclined/ to be bent over Eğ-et-mek=Eğitmek=to educate Eğir-mek=to make it turn to something or turn around itself by bending it =~ to spin Evir-mek=to make it turn upside or turn up in other way at a specified time =~to invert / to make something gets evolved Eğir-al-mek=Eğrilmek= to become a skew / to become twisted Evir-al-mek=Evrilmek= to get a conversion/transformation over time (evrim=evolution evren=universe) Uğra-mak= to get (at) a place or a situation for a specified time> uğramak= drop by/ stop by Uğra-eş-mak=to stop altogether by into each other for a specified time> uğraşmak=to strive/ to deal with Uğra-et-mak= uğratmak = to put in a situation (for a specific time) Öğre-mek=to get (at) a status or a level within a certain time Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or a knowledge level at a certain time> öğrenmek= to learn Öğre-et-mek=to make someone get (at) a knowledge - level (at a certain time)= to teach Türkçe öğretiyorum =I am teaching turkish İngilizce öğreniyorsun = You are learning english Öğreniyorum = I am learning Öğreniyordum = I was learning Öğreniyormuşum=I heard/realized that I was learning Öğrenmekteyim=I have been learning / I am in (the process of) learning Öğrenmekteydim=I had been learning / I was in (the process of) learning Öğrenmekteymişim=I heard/noticed that I had been learning Öğrenirim = I get to learn ( ~ I learn henceforth) Öğrenirdim= ~I used to learn / I would learn (~I‘d get (a chance) to learn ) Öğrenirmişim=I heard/noticed that I would be learning ( I realized I’ve got (a chance) to learn) Öğreneceğim= I will learn Öğrenecektim= I would gonna learn (I would learn) Öğrenecekmişim=I heard/ realized that I would have to learn Öğrendim = I learned Öğrenmiştim= I had learned Öğrenmiş oldum (öğrenmiş durumdayım)= I have learned Öğrendiydim= I remember having learned Öğrenmişim =I noticed that I've learned Öğrendiymişim=I heard that I learned -but if what I heard is true Öğrenmişmişim=I heard that I've learned -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing Öğreniyorumdur =I guess/likely I am learning Öğreniyordurum =I think/likely I was trying to learn Öğreniyormuşumdur=As if I was probably learning Öğreneceğimdir= I think that I will probably learn Öğrenecektirim=I guess/likely I would gonna learn Öğrenecekmişimdir=As if I would probably have to learn Öğrenecekmiştirim=Seems that I would probably be learned Öğrenmişimdir = I think that I have probably learned Öğrenmiştirim= I guess/likely I had learned 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰
29+ tenses in turkish language Anatolian Turkish verb conjugations A= To (towards /~for) (for words with a thick vowel in the last syllable) E= To (towards /~for) (for words with a thin vowel in the last syllable) Okul=School U=(ou)=it’s (that)>(I /U /i /ü=~it’s about) Git=Go Mak/Mek (emek)=exertion /process Git-mek=(verb)= to Go (the process of going= getmek =to get there) Gel-mek= to Come 1 .present continuous tense (right now or soon, now on or later, currently or nowadays) Used to explain the current actions or planned events (for the specified times) YOR-mak =to tire ( to try , to be busy) >Yor=~go over it (yorgunum=I’m tired) A/E Yormak=(to arrive at any opinion over what it is) I/U Yormak=(to arrive wholly over it) used as the suffix=” ı/u - i/ü + Yor" positive Okula gidiyorsun ( you are going to school)= Okul-a Git-i-Yor-u-Sen >School-to Go-to-Try that-You < (please read backwards) Evden geliyorum ( I'm coming from home) = Ev-de-en Gel-i-yor-u-Men >(from Home I’ try to Come) =Come-to-try that-Me Home-at-then< negative A)..Mã= Not B)Değil= it's not (the equivalent of) examples A: Okula gitmiyorsun ( you’re not going to school)= Okul-a Git-Mã-i-yor-u-Sen >You don't try to Go to school B: Okula gidiyor değilsin ( you aren’t going to school)=Okul-a Git-i-yor değil-sen >You aren't try..to Go to School Question sentence: Mã-u =Not-it =(is) Not it? Used as the suffixes =" Mı / Mu / Mi / Mü “ Okula mı gidiyorsun? ( Are you going to school )= Okul-a Mã-u Git-i-yor-u-sen? (To-school/ Not-it / You-try-to-go)(Are you going towards the school or somewhere else?) Okula gidiyor musun? ( Do you go to school )= Okul-a Git-i-yor Mã-u-sen ? (To school /Try-to-go /Not-it-you)(~You try to go to school (now) or not ?) (~Do you go to school ? (at some specific times) Okula sen mi gidiyorsun ? (Are (only) you that going to school?) 2 .simple extensive tense ( it's used to explain our own thoughts about the topic) (always, since long.., for a long time, sometimes, right now, soon or later /gets a chance/ it's possible/ inshallah ) positive VAR-mak = to arrive -at (to attain) (var= ~have got) used as the suffixes >"Ar-ır-ur" (for bold vowel) ER-mek= to get -at (to reach) (er= ~become got) used as the suffixes >"Er-ir-ür" (for thin vowel) examples Okula gidersin ( You get to go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-er-sen > You become got (a chance) to go to school Kuşlar gökyüzünde uçar (lar) (~ Birds fly in the sky )=Kuş-lar gökyüzü-n’de uç-a-var(u-lar)= The birds have got (an opportunity) to fly in the sky/ ~ Birds arrive flying in the sky Bunu görebilirler = (They can see this) = Bu-n’u Gör-e-Bil-e-er-ler =(They-get-to-Know-to-See this-what’s)>They get (at) the knowledge to see what this is Question sentence: in interrogative sentences it means : what do you think about this topic?/ is not it so? Okula gider misin? (Do you get to go to school ?)= Okul-a Git-e-er Mã-u-Sen >~You get to Go to School -is Not it?=~What about you getting to go to school Okula mı gidersin? =Do you get to go to school or somewhere else ? negative Bas-mak =to dwell on/ to tread on (bas git= ~leave and go > pas geç=pass by> vaz geç=give up Ez-mek = to crush (ez geç= think nothing about > es geç=skip/ quit thinking about) Mã= Not the suffix ="MAZ" Ma-bas=(No pass)=Na pas=(not to dwell on)>(to give up) (for bold vowel) the suffix ="MEZ" Mã-ez= (No crush) =does not>(to skip) (for thin vowel) examples Okula gitmezsin (you don't/ won't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-ez-sen > you skip of going to school Babam bunu yapmaz (my dad doesn't do this)= Baba-m bu-n’u yap-ma-bas > my dad doesn't dwell into doing this Niçün bunlara da bakmazsınız =Why don't you look at these too =Ne-u-çün bu-n’lar-a da bak-ma-bas-sen-iz (2. plural)> what-that-factor you give up looking at these too 3.simple future tense (soon or later) Used to describe events that we are aiming for or think are in the future Çak-mak =~to fasten , ~to tack, ~to keep beside (for thick vowel) Çek-mek=~to attract , ~to pull ,~to feel inside , ~to take along, ~to want / to will (for thin vowel) can be pronounced as a/ı/u+ jeok or e/i/ü+ jaek in spoken language positive.. Okula gideceksin ( you'll go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek-sen (~You fetch/take (in mind)-to-Go to school) Ali kapıyı açacak ( Ali is gonna open the door)= Ali Kapı-y-ı Aç-a-çak (~Ali wants/takes to open the door) negative A. Okula gitmeyeceksin (you won't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-e-çek-sen (~you don't keep/take (in mind) to go to school) B. Okula gidecek değilsin (you aren't gonna go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek değil-sen >~you're not (wanting/wanted) to go to school 4 . simple past tense (currently or before) Used to explain the completed events we're sure about Di = now on (anymore) Di-mek(demek) = ~ to deem , ~ to mean, ~ to think this way Used as the suffixes= (Dı /Di /Du/ Dü - Tı /Ti /Tu /Tü) positive Okula gittin = You went to school = Okul-a Git-di-N Dün İstanbul'da kaldım= I stayed in Istanbul yesterday Okula gittin mi ? (Did you go to school ?)= Okul-a Git-di-n Mã-u?> You went to school or not? negative Okula gitmedin =You didn't go to school / Okul-a Git-mã-di-N Bugün pazara gitmediler mi? =Didn't they go to the (open public) market today? Dün çarşıya mı gittiniz? =Where did you go yesterday, to the (covered public) market? Bu akşam bakkala (markete) gittik mi?= Did we go to the grocery store in this evening? 5 .narrative past tense- (just now or before) Used to explain the completed events that we're unsure of MUŞ-mak = ~ to inform (muşu=inform /notice> muşuş/mesaj=message /muştu=müjde=evangel) that means -I've been informed/ I heard and learnt that/ I saw and realized that/ I've noticed that/ or it seems such (to me) used as the suffixes= (Mış/ Muş - Miş/ Müş) positive Okula gitmişsin= I heard that you went to school> Okul-a Git-miş-u-sen Yanlış yapmışım=~I noticed I made something wrong >Yaŋlış Yap-muş-u-men Okula gitmiş durumdasın=You've gone to school Yanılmışım=(got it) I'm fallen in a mistake negative A. Okula gitmemişsin (I’ve learned> you didn't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-miş-sen (I heard you' haven’t gone to school) B. Okula gitmiş değilsin =(You haven't been to school) Okul-a Git--miş değil-sen in a question sentence it means: Do you have any inform about- have you heard- are you aware -does it look like this? İbrahim bugün okula gitmiş mi? =Have you heard / did Abraham go to school today? 6.Okula varmak üzeresin =You're about to arrive at school 7.Okula gitmektesin (You're in (process of) going to school)= ~you’ve been going to school 8.Okula gitmekteydin =~You had been going to school /Okula gidiyor olmaktaydın 9.Okula gitmekteymişsin =I learned/heard >you've been going to school 10.Okula gidiyordun (Okula git-i-yor er-di-n) = You were going to school 11.Okula gidiyormuşsun (Okula git-i-yor er-miş-sen)= I heard that you are going to school > I learned you were going to school 12.Okula gidiyor olacaksın (Okula git-i-yor ol-a-çak-sen)= You will be going to school 13.Okula gitmekte olacaksın (Okula git-mek-de ol-a-çak-sen)= You will have been going to school 14.Okula gitmiş olacaksın (Okula git-miş ol-a-çak-sen)= You will have gone to school 15.Okula gidecektin (Okula git-e-çek er-di-n)(You would gonna go to school) (~You would go to school )(Said you or I had thought you'll be going to school) 16.Okula gidecekmişsin (Okula git-e-çek ermişsen)=I learned you'll go to school>I heard that you'd like to go to school 17.Okula giderdin ( Okula git-e-er erdin)=You used to go to school bf >~You would go to school 18.Okula gidermişsin ( Okula git-e-er ermişsen)=I heard that you used to go to school> I realized that you'd get to go to school 19.Okula gittiydin ( Okula git-di erdin)= I had seen you went to school >I remember you had gone to school 20.Okula gitdiymişsin = I heard you went to school -but if what I heard is true 21.Okula gitmişmişsin = I heard you've been to school -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing 22.Okula gitmiştin (Okula git-miş er-di-n)= you had gone to school 23.Okula gitmiş oldun (Okula git-miş ol-du-n)= you have been to school Dur-mak=to keep to be present/there = ~to remain Durur=remains to exist used as the suffixes=(Dır- dir- dur- dür / Tır- tir-tur-tür) It's often used in correspondences and literary language its meaning in official conversations= keeps going like this Bu Bir Elma = This is an apple Bu bir elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= This is an apple (and keeps to be such) Bu Bir Kitap = This is a book Bu bir kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= This is a book (and keeps to be such) informal meaning in everyday conversations=(I think /looks so /probably) Bu bir elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= remaining in my mind/ I think> this is an apple Bu bir kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= this is a book (it seems so) Bu bir elma gibi duruyor=(looks like an apple this is )>This looks like an apple Bu bir kitap gibi duruyor=This looks like a book 24.Okula gidiyordursun =(guess>likely-You were going to school 25.Okula gidiyorsundur =(I think> you are going to school 26.Okula gidecektirsin =(guess>likely- You would (gonna) go to school 27.Okula gideceksindir=(I think> You'll go to school 28.Okula gitmiştirsin =(guess >likely- You had gone to school 29.Okula gitmişsindir =(I think> You've been to school
What would you recommend as the best way for someone to learn to UNDERSTAND Chinese without wanting to learn to speak or write Chinese. I really enjoy Chinese dramas but many don't have subtitles, so would like to learn to understand the language. But the various teaching methods (like italki, duolingo etc) also want you to learn to speak Chinese, I don't have the need and my language abilities aren't great anyway (I can generally understand others in a language but I don't do well trying to speak in other languages, and I've tried). Any suggestions for a channel/app whatever that would be of use, greatly appreciated.
@@musicandbooklover-p2o I'll be honest, it takes a higher language level to understand historical drama... modern? much easier. I don't think I know of any program that would only teach you listening. There are some YT channels like "Mandarin Corner" or "Mandarin Click" that have slow listening practice. You can check them out!
Currently living in China. one of the most interest and convoluted acronyms I ran into was for the phrase referring to a person who plays X-box as X-box Game player but simplified it as XGP. Online many were using the characters 西瓜皮 as the replacement for XGP. 西瓜皮 is XiGuaPi which means Watermelon Skins. So taking the first letter of each pinyin to build an acronym but also using characters ....
It's funny how the gender neutral "ta" is western now, when 100 years ago it was the exact opposite. The character 她 was introduced in the early 1900's to help translate western works into Chinese without losing the distinction between he and she. At first, 她 was even criticized by some for being too western. Before this, 他 was gender neutral, and was used for both genders.
Thanks for sharing that! I've always wondered why kind of unexpectedly a lot of Chinese people I know tend to mix up "he" and "she" in English even though there are technically two words for it in Chinese. Knowing that, it makes a lot more sense!
sweden has intrudes a gender neutral word for both genders the recent years "hen" which for as old man i hated being called "it" or that which for me are just the same these "morons" want to use
I love how languages borrow things from each other and kind of make them their own. Made me think of how "app" is pronounced as the individual letters in Chinese. Another fun thing is when English words are used in a somewhat 'incorrect' way like describing someone as "好man" (manly) hahah
My favorite of these is Korean's "Fighting!" which sounds incorrect at first since you'd expect the imperative form in exclamations, but it still got re-borrowed back to English (mainly koreaboos but still) and it's understood sort of like "We're fighting" or "Keep fighting". I wonder if it was originally a mistake for the imperative form. I've noticed Chinese speakers making this mistake, directly translating "…着!" commands, but I'm not sure if Korean has anything similar.
The APP thing is due to we Chinese people didn't know how to pronounce an English word properly or our pronouncement has strong Chinese accent, however we somehow knew how to pronounce ABCs, so we spelled the word letter by letter to make others understand, avoid being laughed and embarrassed, although we speak better English right now, this tradition is kept. some similar examples are P图 (Photoshop/modify pictures), ppt (PowerPoint). In addition, because Chinese people were too bad on speaking English, all foreign brands always have a Chinese name in Chinese market.
“大家好吗”and“你们好吗”are rather common when addressing the crowd. “你好吗” is super uncommon in one-on-one conversations to the point that it feels like only some literary novels would use it. In fact "你好" is normally used to catch a stranger's attention.
Sometimes we use "have you eat yet?" (吃了吗？/吃饱了吗/你吃饱了吗） for greeting the friends . This is especially super common between the old people. From what I heard from my grandpa, this is because they were very poor in the past and able to eat very full is considered as a luxury at that time.
@@larshofler8298 That's the way have been taught to use it by my friends. 你好吗 is a fairly intimate question. I will use it frequently with friends to ask them if they are OK. But it feels awkward with strangers. I would only ask it if somebody looks sick and needs help.
吗 is rather friendly. How my grandma would talk to her cute lovely little granddaughter. It’s a staple of the language and part of casual conversation.
你好 feels more like something people say on the phone. *picks up phone* WEI??? 你好，请问 _insert name here_ 在家吗？ Uhhh... 不在家 那跟你讲也可也。We'd like to reach you about your car's extended warranty... *hangs up*
I began seeing the term, "get", appearing in many of my messages. I had to collect enough examples before I understood that they were expressing the fuller idea of "I get it" but in the extremely concise Han manner
Fascinating. I've noticed that Japanese people kinda do a similar thing but it's literally just taken from video games with the whole "Item get" thing, except they do it for everything. Instead of "I got a [noun]" They'll say "[Noun] Getto" (げっと)
Theres being concise then theres being ambiguous. "giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive." What you described was not clear nor comprehensive. Start picking another word other than concise because chinese is not it. In fact it ranks lower than english when it comes to concise languages. I believe Japanese is even lower.
@@LilyUnicorn I don't think ranking languages is really possible, with them being so disparate. For example, Chinese and Japanese both are pro-drop languages, so they are more contextual than English. Speakers understand and can fill in what's ambiguous naturally, so it's sufficient to use less words. Though i do agree, maybe "synctactic flexibility" or "high productivity" can describe the difference better in place of conciseness.
@@LilyUnicorn The problem with "conciseness" is that translation (if it tries to accurately convey the original nuances) typically makes sentences longer, both ways. Translating English sentences accurately to Chinese creates convoluted sentences, but so does translating Chinese sentences to English. This is true for Russian, Japanese, Arabic, and I think for any language that has sufficiently different grammar. English and Spanish are similar enough that I don't typically see a large length difference with good translations. An easy example is that anime subs are typically longer than the original Japanese sentence, but accurately translating English sentences to Japanese also creates long sentences. Both languages explicitly state certain things, and leave other things up to context. English is very particular about plurals, tense, articles, and explicit subjects (even subjectless verbs like "to rain" have dummy subjects , "it's raining") Japanese is also particular about things that are left up to context in English, most famously by changing most of the common words in a sentence to reflect the politeness levels and relative status of the speaker and listener. My other favorite example is the distinction between how you talk about the emotional state of those in your "in-group" and those not in the in-group. You basically would say "I'm scared" but for a stranger you would say "He shows signs of being scared (but I can't know because I'm not familiar with him)"
code switching is so cool. In germany, among younger generations in certain circles, using denglish (deutsch + english) has become so common that you could even consider it a dialect at some point. Generally, there are so many english phrases that are often used on the internet that have been ingrained in lots of peoples vocabulary, despite not even actively learning english.
English is a germanic language. More than 80% of our words are german origin or north germanic in origin (go vikings). For germanic languages speakers english is probably easier for you to context switch than it is to do so in reverse.
Yeah, some of German use English words but pronounce in German way. And for someone who’s learning English and Deutsch at the same time it could be a bit confusing. When I first came to Germany i thought “sori” was another world for apologizing, then I realized it was “sorry”.
Americans kinda do this with Japanese. Like obviously they're not fluent, but there are a few common words and phrases from anime that are widely known/used
I have experience with that 3-way code switching. Me and my siblings, only when talking among ourselves, use our first language with words from the second thrown in whenever it's convenient, and then English words on top of that. With my parents it is usually only the first two without the extra English.
Hi, Mandarin native / Wu heritage speaker here. I want to point out that Pinyin is not an English influence. Sure, it uses the Latin alphabet which is also used in English, but Pinyin is not made after English. Basically, it's very Anglocentric to call the Latin alphabet "English letters". For example, English uses g vs k to distinguish between voiced and voiceness consonants, while in Pinyin it's unaspirated vs aspirated (as in French). In fact, Mandarin's [t͡ɕ], [t͡ɕʰ] and [ɕ] is transliterated as Pinyin's j, q, and x, which is a quite innovative use of the Latin alphabet, and definitely not English. I also experience 3-way code-switching quite often. I share Mandarin L1 with my parents, and my mother is a middle school English teacher. Sometimes she asks me something about the text she is going to teach, and I would use mostly Wu to answer her; but if I don't know how to express some concepts in Wu, I would fallback to Mandarin. For me it's perfectly natural and I didn't even realize it before my non-Wu-speaking friends point it out.
While I agree with your point that pinyin is not directly based on the English version of the Latin alphabet (and the anglocentrism in calling it the English alphabet, for that matter), I would like to point out that using e.g. p vs b for aspirated vs unaspirated consonants is in fact closer to the English use of those letters than the French. English's distinction, while often referred to as a voicing distinction, is actually closer to an aspiration distinction (or at the very least uses both), while French uses only voicing, not aspiration.
I believe by "english influence" it was meant that the english introduced the latin alphabet and coined sounds in which chinese adopted. Not that the letters themselves are any bit of english. English is germanic language not latin. Before latin only written forms for the germanics were futhark and other runic symbols
@@ABChinese the wade-giles romanization system is the real system that is 'made after english'; it is one of the systems still often used in taiwan. Yale romanization also has this sort of distinction, but I don't think it was ever commonly used in china - it was basically only used in american classrooms during the cold war. The legacy of this is still felt in some situations, especially in the romanization of 四川 as "szechuan". Pinyin is less heavily influenced by english; I'd argue it's actually most similar to the albanian writing system.
@@pannekook2000 there was also Gwoyeu Romatzh, which was kinda interesting. It uses alternate ways of transliterating into english-style roman alphabet, to encode the tones; it also has some interesting phonetic abbreviations like 「個」 being shortened to just ‘g’.
Not learning Chinese, but i like to read fan translations of Chinese web novels and I'm always fascinated and delighted by the slang, especially when derived from English. Great video!
5:15 - There is code switching to an extent in English. African American communities have their own well established dialect family separate from the “Standard English” dialect (Called AAVE). So a-lot of African Americans code switch from AAVE to “Standard English” if they’re talking to someone non African American or are in a professional setting. This is usually called “Talking White” by African Americans, and it’s a form of code switching.
The UK is replete with regional (and cultural) dialects, some of which stray well beyond mutual comprehensibility with standard English, and it's hard to imagine life without code switching in that broader sense. You'll also notice people modulate in and out of professional language in fascinating ways. Among mathematicians the prefix co- (among others) is highly productive, and captures a notion absent from standard English, while software professionals are very fond of meta-.
Im not sure if this is code switching, but in my community of Indian immigrants, "English" is often spoken as a mix of English, Malayalam, and Hindi. We just call it "Manglish". for example "Amma, can you get some wvelum for the chedi, not choode wvelum" the sentence means "Mom, can you get some water for the plants, not hot water" and i can't remember the last time my mom said "tea" rather than "chai"
The pinyin ta is interesting. I had seen an article where it was discussed to replace the male/female radicals in the male/female ta characters with an ‘x’ to introduce a gender neutral ta when these ideas started being discussed for different languages.
Why avoid using 他? 他is actually gender neutral, until白话文运动, when 她was suggested by 刘半农 for English "she", while 鲁迅 used 伊.... So maybe we should just raise awareness that 他 can be gender neutral and that classical Chinese used words such as其，之，彼and so on
Luckily we're slightly further away from america than latam, so it never went anywhere. it's not even the male and female radicals. It's the female nv radical and the standing person radical becuase 他 is gender neutral
@@DeadlyBlaze I'm not the one that wrote the article, nor am I the Chinese linguists who felt the need to create this new character, so maybe take it up with them?
The way you are describing nice/nai si sounds like it probably came in to that kind of Chinese usage through Japanese, where nice/naisu/ナイス is used in just that kind of way. Due to the strong videogame connotations, it seems likely that it could have come through that.
I believe there's also a similar construct in Korean. I guess it's just a useful enough concept that all three languages ended up borrowing it, either directly or indirectly.
I dont think so...it's just that all three languages have alphabets that are wildly different from the latin one so they find their own ways to spell out english words that they copy from the anglosphere. "Nice" in that context absolutely something that originated from English communities (ppl commonly say niiice, nice try/NT, nice one).
Definitely not. Each chinese character is pronounced with one syllable, and there are no characters that have only one single phoneme, which means there is not a single chinese character to represent the reading of a hard 's' sound. Which is why the closest thing chinese netizens could do is to use a character with the closest sound, which is si. Nothing to do with japanese media or video games
i was thinking it sounded a lot like how the nice/najs loanword works in swedish, which i'm pretty sure had nothing to do with japanese. it honestly seems like convergent evolution or whatever. like it's just very useful to adopt a specific sense of it.
I went to an International School in Japan, and I still have Nihonglish messages on Facebook from some of my hāfu friends. Stuff like “demo” for “but” or “nandakke” for “what was it again?”. All in romaji because switching keyboards is too much work.
@@larshofler8298 Do you have a source? The phenomenon of using 中 in this way exists in Japanese (準備中、授業中、営業中、仕事中) and Korean (식사 중, 공사 중, 회의 중) as well.
@@romanr.301 Noun+中 has been observed in ancient text as "during", e.g. 爆竹声中一岁除 or 毕竟西湖六月中 (both from Song dynasty poems). I haven't found the reference of Verb+中 in classical Chinese. However verb and gerunds (verb+ing as noun) are usually not distinguished in Chinese.
just to clarify something: mandarin is not any of the dialects. it's created based on several dialects spoken in the north. The reason to this, I believe, is that northern dialects are so similar to each other that people can pretty much understand each other flawlessly, while in the south it is common to have 2 villages being a few miles apart but have very different dialects and have trouble understanding each other (in the past when people don't speak mandarin). Therefore, statistically, mandarin being closer to the northern dialects means that less people needs to learn a "new" dialect.
Mandarin isn’t just from any dialect but specifically the dialect used by government officials and such in the capitals as they had to share a common tongue in order to communicate properly. It was then developed into modern mandarin when the official national tongue was chosen.
maybe its a completly different language and it just happens that the north has a lot of dialect based on MANDARIN like in TAGALOG where there's batangas tagalog and MANILENO Tagalog which is a dialects of tagalog while in the south where cebuano is dominant tagalog speakers cant understand them cause its a diffetent language all together and i believe thats the same situation in china. cause dialects are mutually intelible to both speakers if not then they are speaking different languages
@@philippinekatipunanflag4372 no. The modern mandarin was only finalised in the recent decades and it was based on several northen dialect. The northen dialects definetely occured much earlier. Regarding to your last sentence, 'dialect' is just one of a few english words that have similar meaning to "方言“, the Chinese word that means "a variaty of Chinese". I personally consider this as a loss of information during translation. In fact many Chinese dialects are so different from each other that sometimes it's considered a discrimination on the non-native people because they can't understand the dialect at all. I don't consider them to be different languages because they can be expressed by Chinese characters.
The northern dialects were used to create Mandarin because the political center had been Beijing for the Mongolians, the Ming Dynasty since the 3rd emperor moved the capital there after he overthrew his nephew and took over, and the later Manchurian Qing dynasty. Being invaded twice by northern non-Han Chinese people in the recent times brought the northern dialects into prominent use by people in the center of politics. So Mandarin-like dialect became the official language used by by imperial courts. The central government can't function effectively if all the court officials spoke their local dialects at work. After the Qing dynasty, both the Republic of China and then the People's Republic of China chose to use Mandarin as the base for their official languages. For ROC, it became 國語, guo-yu, national language. For PRC, it became 普通話, pu tong hua, common/standard/regular speech. Neither are the actual "mandarin" Chinese spoken by the Manchurian court, but both based on it. But in English, both just carried on the same name as Mandarin since non-Chinese speakers can't tell the difference between the 3.
Not interested in learning Chinese but I have learned Korean to a conversational level and this got randomly recommended to me. The loan word "nice" is really interesting as it has a similar usage as Chinese has in both Korean and my native language Finnish too. Great video I enjoyed it
The whole beauty of Chinese lies on its characters. That's why Japanese looks so cool. So the fewer latin letters in Chinese the better. Although I agree attaching "ing" to the verb instead of "zhe" was pretty smart.
But actually you can never see these words with English characteristics in chinese people's daily life(written chinese,oral chinese and of course education), which means these words can be just seen online as more kind of entertainment. Everybody knows that network trend doesn't amount to national culture. I'm surprised that you should testify the beauty of Japanese by belittling chinese even with no knowledge of it. Ridiculous.
@Gino C Similar, but little used in German: '-nd' can (w/o pronoun) indicate that an action is being done continuously. 'Laufend' for example (rather literally 'running') indicates that something (like a machine) is operating. But again, it's not often used.
@Gino C Gerunds in Spanish have a more restricted use than in English. In English, they often substantivize a verb, like in "I love running", but in Spanish that's not grammatical, you use only the infinitive for that ("me encanta correr"). Yes, they can be similar, but they're not used "exactly the same".
@Gino C Well, I just wanted to clear that up, because I've heard/seen English speakers using the gerund in Spanish as if it were the same, with comic or confusing results. "Ir esquiando" is generally not the same as "go skiing", etc.
Oh this was so cool! Thanks! I love learning about linguistics and how language changes over time. Super useful too to know what is being spoken or slang vs textbook teaching so that one can relate to other people around one's own age better to make friends haha
Manglish can relate lol Because we all learned English at school, we just slapped English word directly when we speak Chinese and forgot the Chinese word for it.
I’ve spent about 100,000 hours studying English humor and Western culture, and many hours studying Chinese culture. My native language is Chinese. I teach Chinese in humorous way and with cute pictures. Hope somebody recommend my videos to those who want to learn Chinese.
Code switching happens a lot when watching things in another language too. In Korean and Thai Dramas, unless they're period formatted, the use of English words and phrases happens quite often.
@@songcramp66 agreed...and oftentimes the word is badly mangled...which I can't blame them since it takes me actively analyzing words before I get their pronunciation correct...and even then there's a real chance of me adopting a weird variant of the pronunciation or even bounce around to several variants depending on the emotions and context...in High School I apparently had someone convinced that I was British because of this. 🤣 However, I also sound like a number of English variants because that's simply how I work... though apparently regardless of the accents and variants, I come across as articulate, well spoken, and clear...even if internally I was like a person frantically trying to assemble things fast enough to be exported for the audience... I'm sure that if I learned another language, I would be as bad...I even accidentally cause a Spanish speaker to think I could speak Spanish simply because I pronounced Jalapeno & Pablono Correctly. That was an experience... I'm also good enough at recognizing words even I'm their non-english forms...so even if details sail over my head...I can still comprehend more than normal when listening to other Eurocentric languages...and my skills in Asian language comprehension aren't normal either...can't speak it, but I can piece together what's being said vaguely. So, if I ever get a chance to live for a time in any Asian country, I probably would pick it up faster than normal too...after all...I became extremely articulate less than 18 months after saying my first words. Confused adults to no end when I could hold a proper conversation before I could even read. Also made me extremely popular and also despised by my peers at different times.
I live in China and so far my experience with 你好/你好吗 is that it's very *very* common to use with foreigners regardless if you know them already or not. It's still used between Chinese people, but more often you will hear things like 吃了吗 have you eaten, or 好久不见 long time no see or something else a little more ummm personal I guess would be the best description.
There's a much bigger change you missed. In the 19th century, Chinese adopted Western grammar wholesale from English and other Western languages, to allow embedding phrases and other recursive constructions. This is the most fascinating linguistic change in Chinese, and it marks a turning point in Chinese grammar. I would love to hear a full video on reading texts from before the 19th century, vs. 20th century texts.
@@gabyb5280 It's very little known in the West. I found out about it through the recent Piraha debate, where it became clear (through the brilliant fieldwork of Dan Everett in the Amazonian jungle) that the Piraha language lacks recursion! From this insight, Fred Karlson then argued that linguistic recursion developed in the historical period and spread from Europe, starting with Homer in Greek, and Cicero adopting Homerian writing into Latin. then going radially outward into the languages of the Roman empire, and so on. In the 19th century, the Chinese adopted this system of grammar, the kind that allows arbitrarily complex sentences. I don't speak Chinese, so I would love to have a native speaker talk about the grammatical changes in the 19th century, you can trace them in texts. I found out about this second-hand.
@@annaclarafenyo8185 the people you cited are crackpots in the lingustic community. baihua literature HAD recursion. but yes some grammatical constructions were indeed borrowed from european languages into chinese, including calque translations of rhetorical words/phrases (e.g., "for the sake of argument", etc)
@@annaclarafenyo8185 it is still being debated whether it’s proper Chinese. It mostly happens to academic world, and most of the speaking Chinese hasn’t been affected from my experience.
this is so interesting especially the ta and …ing. It’s not like people do it just because, but they do it to communicate what they want to say easier. It’s great.
I want to know more about why people make the code switching decisions they do... I'm a native English speaker, and this wasn't Chinese, but I was watching a show in Thai recently, and I couldn't understand why sometimes a character would say a few full sentences in English and then switch right back to Thai, or why sometimes characters would have a short conversation in English before returning to Thai, when there seemed to be no obvious external reason (like the presence of a foreigner) to explain why they'd start speaking in English in the first place.
Usually it's for convenience. Where I live, we naturally code-switch to English because we're more immersed in Western content and know a wider range of more expressive vocabulary there. Orr.. it could just be a gimmick by the show since using English in some countries can be seen as "cool" or "unique" lol
From my experience and perspective, code switching happens when a native language speaker wishes to express an idea or concept, it is usually far easier to do so in a foreign language, in this case, English. There are words that don't exist in the native language, and you opt to express it in a different language. You can view it as switching from normal speech to using jargon, technical or business English in that regard. Another example is when trying to explain how you're laughing that a person just fell flat on his face and his misfortune is satisfying for you... or you could just use the word Schadenfreude. German is a good language to fish for stuff like that... English has to invent the rather technical word(s) Cuteness Agression, but some languages already have a word for that (umol).
I think code switching happen in so many country. It happens in my country (Indonesia) and my neighboring countries too (Malaysia, Singapore). We often use english words/sentences/grammar mixed with our local language. And i think it's normal since english is the global language and we all use english as our second language (either official or unofficial).
For me personally, one of the main reasons I code switch is because it _feels_ different in one language or the other, so although you can say the same thing in the other language it just doesn't feel like the thing you want to say. There's also the fact that you might only want to say 1 word in english but it sounds wrong in the other language grammar, so you do a whole chunk in english instead.
These words are basically network language. People communicate online in pursuit of efficiency, so the language is not standardized and they like to create some new words
When I was younger and living in Bahrain my parents spoke Chinese but I was taught English and everyone spoke Arabic my cousin who was really young at the time was code switching and speaking essentially gibberish because He only knew small fragments of each language since he was only around 3 or 4 it’s pretty funny until now he is kinda bad at English and Chinese and has to code switch but it is better than before
I find it very interesting that code switching has the meaning it does. I know in English people often use code switching as a way to say some switches the type of English dialect they use depending on who their around.
whoa dude many of these are extremely similar to how many spanish youths's speech has been affected by english specially with the use of loanwords in a way thats different to their english use, with "nice" specifically, it seems to be exactly as in chinese
No you're right, I know Japanese people use this too I've heard them doing it. But it's pretty specific. I think there are other similar terms in Japanese but they tend to be longer and more formal such as おめでとう (Omedetou) which aren't really practical to say in the setting of... let's say a really sweet E-sports tournament when you're buddy just got a gnarly frag.
01:35 Wrong, Hanyü Pinyin is not English-based, yes it's Latin-based but not all Latin-based writing is English, in fact Wade-Giles is English-based but Pinyin is more Eastern European-based as the P.R.C. wanted to be closer to the Soviet Union. Don't discount the Soviet Union's influence.
Not exactly wrong but the Latin-based script emerged from not just Sin Wenz (the Russian-rooted system) but from Gwoyeu Romatzyh and with tonal indications inspired from Zhuyin, so it isn't as Soviet-centric as your comment suggested. Also, Sin Wenz was not made because of need to draw closer to Russia, but simply as the officials who made it were educated in Moscow, thus utilizing a similar system to that that the Russians were using to promote literacy in the Far East.
Like a quoter of the list is assumed to be English influence while it may be any language with Latin alphabet. It might have more to do with the British Empire than the USA and even then, the British weren't the first Europeans on Chinese soil or even the most influential.
@@pia_mater because the PinYin was using the latin alphabet to transcript Russian in Latin alphabet. PinYin doesn't look polish, but it does look come south Slavic languages.
the most prevalent kind of code-switching is between spanish and english, so much so that spanglish is considered the fastest growing semi-language in the US (i say "semi-language" since the distinction between english and spanish are still maintained while it is spoken, but it still has rules and such that dictate its use in contrast to plain english or plain spanish)
I believe the most used English expression might be "get the piont". Not very easy to find a proper and casual substitution for it in Chinese.所以一般会说“我有点get不到” “你没get到点上” 如果说，没有领会到关键点之类的，就有点太严肃，也不是很贴切了
9:30 I want to add that the formal way to express "发呆ing " is "发呆中", in the process of blankly staring, the problem is, it's too boring, not cool, not funny, like a expression exists in a paper or textbook, people can't feel the vibe of fun and cuteness.
I always think the best example of English code-switching as you called it is French lone phrases. *about a dress or dish* I think it needs a little ‘Je nais se qua’ [something fancy/special-I have no idea how it’s spelt], or *about an event* it disappointing but, ‘c’est la vie’ [“that’s life” and therefore oh well not everything works out] Interestingly most people will say je nais se qua with an ‘accent’ whether it’s a good French one or generic foreign/continental, but c’est la vie can be said in a very plain English/native accent
大家好吗 (how's everyone) is actually quite different from 你好吗 (are you okay?). The first is commonly used as casual greeting whereas the second is serious and specific in meaning. Also -ing can more or less be replaced by 中, as in 发呆中, but often times it's more TRENDY to express that in english and that's why its more commonplace on social media and online fiction/writing. Same with 奈斯 (nice) can be easily replaced by 好样的, but people choose to do otherwise again because the english is new and thus more cool and trendy. Just like how english makes up different slangs all the time (eg. 'you killled it' is now 'you slayed that')
The irony is that English itself was heavily influenced by other languages like French, Latin, and Greek. English is originally a Germanic language, but now it has more non-Germanic loanwords than it's pure Germanic words. Modern English also has loanwords from almost all the languages of the world. My mother tongue is Tamil. Most native English speakers wouldn't even have heard of my language. But they use Tamil words without even realising it. Some popular Tamil loanwords in English are: curry (from kaṟi), mango (from māṅgā), congee (from kañji), teak (from tēkku), catamaran (from kaṭṭumaram), pariah (from paṟaiyar), cheroot (from curuṭṭu), coir (from kayir). There are a few more! I think English is a true lingua franca of the world as it has loanwords from almost all the languages of the world.
Loanwords to describe foods or niche items from other places aren't as pertinent as the ones from French Latin and Greek because they don't really impact the fabric of the language. I wouldn't even say the romance ans Greek words in English are even loanwords, they just are English.
@@adanactnomew7085 Yes, that's why I said that English was "heavily influenced" by French, Latin, and Greek. Tamil, Chinese, or any language other than the above three made no impact in English at all. Having said that, not all Tamil loanwords in English are niche items though. The English word 'cash' originated from Tamil 'kācu' via Portuguese 'caixa'. It didn't occur to me when I wrote the first comment. I have added that to the list. Your argument is valid still. No languages made significant impact on the grammar and syntax of English other than French, Latin, and Greek. But, those are still loanwords though. They can be called as English words for practical purposes - but they are still loanwords. English vocabulary is the largest of all languages in the word. A single concept can be described by multiple words in English. How come English vocabulary is ginormous? It's because of these loanwords. Other languages have loanwords too. But none of them compares to the extensive loanwords present in English. It's probably because English is spoken by almost all parts of the world. Each people contribute vocabulary to the English language.
@@adanactnomew7085 Sorry yes, I just referred the Oxford dictionary. The Tamil etymology for the word 'cash' is only applicable for its second sense. It's used to denote low denomination coins in India. Since both senses have monetary meaning, I got confused. I'll remove that word from the list to avoid confusion.
Ah, code switching. American with 7 years of Spanish (and some Chinese) taught in school leads to frequent infractions... despite the fact that I'm only really fluent in English. Confuses ppl who don't know said other language when I say words that have magically become a part of my vocab XD
Great video. Would love to see more videos on grammar, popular expressions, etc. What’s great is that you’re completely bilingual, so you have equal 语感 in both, a fact that gives you a real edge in giving clear explanations.
I can totally relate the forbaying of using 'nice'. My year 6 teacher in primary school banned the word from class, because she wanted us to develop our vocabulary
The last point about code switching at the grammar level really goes both ways. I can see how an English speaker wanting to bring an idea over from Mandarin might keep a final -a- or -ma- or -ba- as a way of clarifying something.... very interesting video.
This video came out on my birthday. I noticed when I dropped the like after watching the enjoyable content. Thanks for the history lesson! I love receiving useful information from creative-minded people so thanks for that! I'll check out your channel and consider subscribing.
One thing I was always curious about is how is tonality handled when singing in Chinese? Is it just figured out by context or do the words used dictate how the melody has to go?
I saw on Grace Mandarin Chinese's channel a video about this, in short there are a lot of mis-hearings when the melody doesn't match the proper tone of the word being sung. Beyond that, it's like music in any other language - the songwriter does their best to write the music in a way which suits the ideas of the words and the emotion the singer will express. Some are better at it than others, and some singers are better at it than others.
If I remembered correctly, the melody is written first then the lyrics, so the lyric writer would have to choose the right word to match the meaning of the whole song. Or the song would became so strange, and theres a series of "songs that you have misheard". One of the examples was "party animal" was sung badly and became "queuing animal"
(4:10) The English word 'nice' has also been borrowed to Swedish (can be spelt as 'najs'), which also doesn't have the same meaning as English. ... One obvious difference is that you can describe a person as being 'nice' in English, which would be a kind person, but in Swedish that would be more of a cool person. You wouldn't really describe your grandparents as nice in Swedish, unless they are exceptional. ... For weather, in English it's more for pleasant weather, while in Swedish it's for when the weather is really good. ... In short, I feel like the word has a stronger meaning in Swedish than in English.
no one says 你好吗 its either 你好 (hi) or 你还好吗 (are you ok - adding the 还 makes that instant difference) 你们好吗 (usu when addressing a crowd). chinese is a pretty flexible language so it dont always need a ending word to represent the purpose (eg question) its just in how you pitch it. Example - say 你好 flatly is just usual, going ni hAo (up on the a, down on the o) is like a question when you're trying to get their attention (followed by your real question / request eg where's the ticketing booth etc), going nI hAO (up on both a and o) is like a cheerful greeting. 你 _____ 了吗 is a more common way to ask questions, or recently a shorter and more informal ver is 你 ___ 没 eg Have You Eaten（你吃饭了吗 、 你吃饭没）
The code switching is very real. Happens often with my dorm friends when one of us can't explain something in our L2. Happens sometimes with my dad, who taught me Spanish at a young age. Occasionally happens accidentally with my monolingual friends, because as I put it: "Sorry, my brain was stuck in Spanish" 🤣
Code switching language of Chinese is very popluar and widely used in Hong Kong ,Singapore , Malaysia and Australia. example Singapore and MY: Saya 今天去 Go Shopping. Hong Kong : Cu唔Cute ?
That is so interesting to see how people of other cultures adapt English into their languages. I'm Russian and because our language allows us to create new words out nowhere which meaning you usually define by context or similar words, it is common to have English words changed into Cyrillic letters with the same pronunciation as so creating new words and use them.
@@citrusblast4372 Russian words are basically puzzles. Every word has a root - the main part, which can tell a directional meaning of word. Alone, roots hardly ever exist as independent words, so usually words are consisted of different beginnings, endings, something in between and so on. Combine all of it together and you get a new word. Similar to English, but not exactly the same, I would use a word "bug" as an example. Bug, debug, bugging, debugging. Bug would be a root, de - beginning, ing - ending. So, in order to create new word, you need to come up with root. Knowing the meaning of word you want it to have, you can take a look at words with similar meanings how it created and apply the same rules to your new word. The point is it is all done by subconsciousness. Every native speak is able to do it and analyze it in seconds. That's why some new English words are so easily adaptable in Russian. Sorry for long text, but basically except for root, every other parts of words are made by rules, which are universal to all words and are very flexible. Just chose letters, define meaning and your brain will do the rest for you. (Of course there is a moments where you can't literally make a world consisting of only T,D,P,M,N and etc. You need something like A, O, I and similar letters in between.)
On the "ni hao ma" debate ... it seems likely it's a very formal construction that would only be use in situations where the person you are greeting is very distant from your normal circle ... I've seen it used once in a modern drama with a business setting ... also finding a similar thing with "xiexieni" which seems never to be used in the dramas I've seen.
I can't remember what grade I was in, perhaps 5th or 6th grade in elementary school, but for the star student every week, we had to write a complimentary word for that student, and we were not allowed to use "nice". It is seen as not genuine or sincere because of how broad and impersonal it is. It's the equivalent of writing HAGS (abbreviation for 'have a great summer") in someone's yearbook instead of a more personal note with your name attached.
Interesting summary, though I'd comment that lots examples mentioned here are internet trends that are mostly popular among young people. In few years time, some of them will fade away (like nice example), while some may become integrated part of Chinese language (like TA example)
In the U.S. code switching happens either across local American dialects of English, or it happens in the Southwest where people are conversant in Spanish, but primarily speak English. See also Spanglish.
I commented earlier and now I can’t find it. Well, I guess I’ll comment again. My Chinese children song app uses Ni Hao Ma in one of the songs. I don’t think it’s traditional though, as we have the same song in English. Also, I can see why Chinese would adopt the ING suffix as it fits in phonetically and probably comes in pretty handy. Very interesting. I think languages are fascinating 🧐
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Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing Suvu> Sıvı=fluid, liquid
Suv-up =liquefied (~soup)
Suv-mak= to make it flow onwards or upwards (>sıvamak)
Suy-mak= to make it flow over
Süv-mek= to make it flow inwards
Sür-mek= to make it flow ON something
Sur-up(şurup)=syrup / Suruppah(chorba)=soup /Suruppat(şerbet)=sorbet /meşrubat=beverage /şarap=wine
Süp-mek= to make it flow outwards / Süp-der-mek>süptürmek>süpürmek=to sweep
Say-mak= to make it flow drop by drop (one by one from the mind) = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer)
Söy-mek= to make it flow from the mind / Söy-le-mek= to make the sentences flowing through the mind = to say, ~to tell
Sev-mek= to make it flow(pour) from the mind to the heart = to love
Söv-mek=to say whatever's on own mind (~call names)
Süy-mek= to make it flow through (Süyüt> süt= milk)
Soy-mak= to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob ) (Suy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress
(Suy-der-mak)>sıyırmak= ~skinning , ~skimming
Siy-mek= to make it flow downwards / to pee Siyitik>sidik= urine
Sağ-mak= ~to make it pour down (Sağanak=downpour)
Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak= ~to spill it from thought into emotions> ~longing
Sağn-mak>San-mak= ~to pour from thought to idea (to arrive at a guess)
Sav-mak= ~to make it pour outward (2.>put forward /set forth in) (sağan)=Sahan=the container to pour water
(Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-en-al-mak)>savunulmak=to get being defended
(Sav-eş-mak)1.savaşmak=to pour blood / to shed each other's blood (savaş= war)
2.savuşmak=to get spilled around (altogether/downright)> sıvışmak=~running away in fear
Soğ-mak= to penetrate through Soğ-der-mak>soğurmak=~ make it spread inside
Sok-mak= ~to put/take it (by forcing) inward
Sök-mek= ~take/put it (by forcing) outward (~unstitch)
Sık-mak = ~to squeeze /tighten (Sıkı= stringent)
Sığ-mak= ~fit inside
Süz-mek=~to make it lightly flow from up to downwards (~to filter, strain out)
Sez-mek=~to make it lightly flow into the mind (~to perceive, to intuit)
Sız-mak=~to get flowed slightly/slowly (~to infiltrate)
Sun-mak=to extend forwards (presentation, exhibition, to serve up)
Sün-mek=to expand reaching outwards (sünger=sponge)
Sın-mak=to reach by extending upwards or forwards
Sin-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide onself)
Sön-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to be extinguished)
mak/mek>(emek)=exertion /process
al =get
et= make
en=own diameter
eş=partner
Tan= the dawn /旦
Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of)
Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak= diagnose /to identify
Tanınmak = tanı-en-mak= to be known
Tanıtmak = tanı-et-mak=to make it to be known /to introduce
Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak= to get to know each other =(to meet first time)
Danışmak= to get information through each other
Tıŋı= the tune (timbre) /调 /ட்யூன்
Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally
Tıŋı-la-mak= to get the sound out >(Tınlamak=~reacting /answering /~to take heed of)
Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >(Dinmek= to calm down / to get quiescent
Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >(Dinlemek= to listen / 听)
Çığ (chiuv) = snowslide / 雪崩
Çığ-ur-mak =çığırmak= ~to scream / ~to sing shouting
Çığırı > Jigir > Shuir> Şiir = Poetry / 诗歌
Cır-la-mak > Jırlamak > to squeal / shouting by crying with a shrill noise
Çığırgı > Jırgı> Shuirgı> Şarkı = Song / 曲子
Çağ-ur-mak =çağırmak= calling - inviting / 称呼 / 邀请
Çağrı = Calling / 称呼
Uç > ~up-side (endpoint) (o-bir-uç=burç=extreme point= bourge) / tepe=~top-point
(Uç-mak)= to fly
(Uç-a-var)= Uçar=it flies (has a chance to fly / arrives by flying)
(Uç-ma-bas)= uçmaz= doesn't fly (~gives up flying / doesn't bother to fly)
(Uç-der-ma-bas)=(uçturmaz)=uçurmaz= doesn't fly it (doesn't make it fly)
(Uç-eş-ma-bas)=uçuşmaz= doesn't (all)together fly
(Uç-al-ma-bas)=uçulmaz= no one has gotten to fly /~no one's allowed to fly
Der-mek= (~to provide) to set the layout by bringing together (der-le-mek= to compile)
Dar-mak= to bring into a different order by disrupting the old (thara-mak=to comb)
Dur-mak= to keep being present/there (~to survive/ ~to remain) (thuror>thor =permanent /he’s thuror>hıdır>hızır=existent=green man)
Dur-der-mak> durdurmak= ~to stop
Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll)
Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis ( Thörmek>old meaning)- to stir /to mix (current meaning)
(döngü)törüş/törüv=tour (törüv-çi / törüv-giş=tourist / thörük halk=mixed people among themself
(Thöre-mek)>türemek= to get created a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind / type)
Töre=the order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history)
Thör-et-mek=türetmek= to create a new layout by adding in each other= to derive
Thör-en-mek>dörünmek= to rotate oneself /(2. to turn by oneself)
Thör-en-mek>>dörn-mek>Dönmek= to turn oneself
(Dön-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something
(Dön-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something
(Dön-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ to transform
Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> eğmek= to tilt/ to bend
Eğ-al-mek=Eğilmek=to get being inclined/ to be bent over
Eğ-et-mek=Eğitmek=to educate
Eğir-mek=to make it turn to something or turn around itself by bending it =~ to spin
Evir-mek=to make it turn upside or turn up in other way at a specified time =~to invert / to make something gets evolved
Eğir-al-mek=Eğrilmek= to become a skew / to become twisted
Evir-al-mek=Evrilmek= to get a conversion/transformation over time
(evrim=evolution evren=universe)
Uğra-mak= to get (at) a place or a situation for a specified time> uğramak= drop by/ stop by
Uğra-eş-mak=to stop altogether by into each other for a specified time> uğraşmak=to strive/ to deal with
Uğra-et-mak= uğratmak = to put in a situation (for a specific time)
Öğre-mek=to get (at) a status or a level within a certain time
Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or a knowledge level at a certain time> öğrenmek= to learn
Öğre-et-mek=to make someone get (at) a knowledge - level (at a certain time)= to teach
Türkçe öğretiyorum =I am teaching turkish
İngilizce öğreniyorsun = You are learning english
Öğreniyorum = I am learning
Öğreniyordum = I was learning
Öğreniyormuşum=I heard/realized that I was learning
Öğrenmekteyim=I have been learning / I am in (the process of) learning
Öğrenmekteydim=I had been learning / I was in (the process of) learning
Öğrenmekteymişim=I heard/noticed that I had been learning
Öğrenirim = I get to learn ( ~ I learn henceforth)
Öğrenirdim= ~I used to learn / I would learn (~I‘d get (a chance) to learn )
Öğrenirmişim=I heard/noticed that I would be learning ( I realized I’ve got (a chance) to learn)
Öğreneceğim= I will learn
Öğrenecektim= I would gonna learn (I would learn)
Öğrenecekmişim=I heard/ realized that I would have to learn
Öğrendim = I learned
Öğrenmiştim= I had learned
Öğrenmiş oldum (öğrenmiş durumdayım)= I have learned
Öğrendiydim= I remember having learned
Öğrenmişim =I noticed that I've learned
Öğrendiymişim=I heard that I learned -but if what I heard is true
Öğrenmişmişim=I heard that I've learned -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing
Öğreniyorumdur =I guess/likely I am learning
Öğreniyordurum =I think/likely I was trying to learn
Öğreniyormuşumdur=As if I was probably learning
Öğreneceğimdir= I think that I will probably learn
Öğrenecektirim=I guess/likely I would gonna learn
Öğrenecekmişimdir=As if I would probably have to learn
Öğrenecekmiştirim=Seems that I would probably be learned
Öğrenmişimdir = I think that I have probably learned
Öğrenmiştirim= I guess/likely I had learned
𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰
29+ tenses in turkish language
Anatolian Turkish verb conjugations
A= To (towards /~for) (for words with a thick vowel in the last syllable)
E= To (towards /~for) (for words with a thin vowel in the last syllable)
Okul=School
U=(ou)=it’s (that)>(I /U /i /ü=~it’s about)
Git=Go
Mak/Mek (emek)=exertion /process
Git-mek=(verb)= to Go (the process of going= getmek =to get there)
Gel-mek= to Come
1 .present continuous tense (right now or soon, now on or later, currently or nowadays)
Used to explain the current actions or planned events (for the specified times)
YOR-mak =to tire ( to try , to be busy) >Yor=~go over it (yorgunum=I’m tired)
A/E Yormak=(to arrive at any opinion over what it is)
I/U Yormak=(to arrive wholly over it)
used as the suffix=” ı/u - i/ü + Yor"
positive
Okula gidiyorsun ( you are going to school)= Okul-a Git-i-Yor-u-Sen >School-to Go-to-Try that-You < (please read backwards)
Evden geliyorum ( I'm coming from home) = Ev-de-en Gel-i-yor-u-Men >(from Home I’ try to Come) =Come-to-try that-Me Home-at-then<
negative
A)..Mã= Not B)Değil= it's not (the equivalent of)
examples
A: Okula gitmiyorsun ( you’re not going to school)= Okul-a Git-Mã-i-yor-u-Sen >You don't try to Go to school
B: Okula gidiyor değilsin ( you aren’t going to school)=Okul-a Git-i-yor değil-sen >You aren't try..to Go to School
Question sentence:
Mã-u =Not-it =(is) Not it?
Used as the suffixes =" Mı / Mu / Mi / Mü “
Okula mı gidiyorsun? ( Are you going to school )= Okul-a Mã-u Git-i-yor-u-sen? (To-school/ Not-it / You-try-to-go)(Are you going towards the school or somewhere else?)
Okula gidiyor musun? ( Do you go to school )= Okul-a Git-i-yor Mã-u-sen ? (To school /Try-to-go /Not-it-you)(~You try to go to school (now) or not ?) (~Do you go to school ? (at some specific times)
Okula sen mi gidiyorsun ? (Are (only) you that going to school?)
2 .simple extensive tense ( it's used to explain our own thoughts about the topic)
(always, since long.., for a long time, sometimes, right now, soon or later /gets a chance/ it's possible/ inshallah )
positive
VAR-mak = to arrive -at (to attain)
(var= ~have got) used as the suffixes >"Ar-ır-ur" (for bold vowel)
ER-mek= to get -at (to reach)
(er= ~become got) used as the suffixes >"Er-ir-ür" (for thin vowel)
examples
Okula gidersin ( You get to go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-er-sen > You become got (a chance) to go to school
Kuşlar gökyüzünde uçar (lar) (~ Birds fly in the sky )=Kuş-lar gökyüzü-n’de uç-a-var(u-lar)= The birds have got (an opportunity) to fly in the sky/ ~ Birds arrive flying in the sky
Bunu görebilirler = (They can see this) = Bu-n’u Gör-e-Bil-e-er-ler =(They-get-to-Know-to-See this-what’s)>They get (at) the knowledge to see what this is
Question sentence:
in interrogative sentences it means : what do you think about this topic?/ is not it so?
Okula gider misin? (Do you get to go to school ?)= Okul-a Git-e-er Mã-u-Sen >~You get to Go to School -is Not it?=~What about you getting to go to school
Okula mı gidersin? =Do you get to go to school or somewhere else ?
negative
Bas-mak =to dwell on/ to tread on (bas git= ~leave and go > pas geç=pass by> vaz geç=give up
Ez-mek = to crush (ez geç= think nothing about > es geç=skip/ quit thinking about)
Mã= Not
the suffix ="MAZ" Ma-bas=(No pass)=Na pas=(not to dwell on)>(to give up) (for bold vowel)
the suffix ="MEZ" Mã-ez= (No crush) =does not>(to skip) (for thin vowel)
examples
Okula gitmezsin (you don't/ won't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-ez-sen > you skip of going to school
Babam bunu yapmaz (my dad doesn't do this)= Baba-m bu-n’u yap-ma-bas > my dad doesn't dwell into doing this
Niçün bunlara da bakmazsınız =Why don't you look at these too =Ne-u-çün bu-n’lar-a da bak-ma-bas-sen-iz (2. plural)> what-that-factor you give up looking at these too
3.simple future tense (soon or later)
Used to describe events that we are aiming for or think are in the future
Çak-mak =~to fasten , ~to tack, ~to keep beside (for thick vowel)
Çek-mek=~to attract , ~to pull ,~to feel inside , ~to take along, ~to want / to will (for thin vowel)
can be pronounced as a/ı/u+ jeok or e/i/ü+ jaek in spoken language
positive..
Okula gideceksin ( you'll go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek-sen (~You fetch/take (in mind)-to-Go to school)
Ali kapıyı açacak ( Ali is gonna open the door)= Ali Kapı-y-ı Aç-a-çak (~Ali wants/takes to open the door)
negative
A. Okula gitmeyeceksin (you won't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-e-çek-sen (~you don't keep/take (in mind) to go to school)
B. Okula gidecek değilsin (you aren't gonna go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek değil-sen >~you're not (wanting/wanted) to go to school
4 . simple past tense (currently or before)
Used to explain the completed events we're sure about
Di = now on (anymore) Di-mek(demek) = ~ to deem , ~ to mean, ~ to think this way
Used as the suffixes= (Dı /Di /Du/ Dü - Tı /Ti /Tu /Tü)
positive
Okula gittin = You went to school = Okul-a Git-di-N
Dün İstanbul'da kaldım= I stayed in Istanbul yesterday
Okula gittin mi ? (Did you go to school ?)= Okul-a Git-di-n Mã-u?> You went to school or not?
negative
Okula gitmedin =You didn't go to school / Okul-a Git-mã-di-N
Bugün pazara gitmediler mi? =Didn't they go to the (open public) market today?
Dün çarşıya mı gittiniz? =Where did you go yesterday, to the (covered public) market?
Bu akşam bakkala (markete) gittik mi?= Did we go to the grocery store in this evening?
5 .narrative past tense- (just now or before)
Used to explain the completed events that we're unsure of
MUŞ-mak = ~ to inform (muşu=inform /notice> muşuş/mesaj=message /muştu=müjde=evangel)
that means -I've been informed/ I heard and learnt that/ I saw and realized that/ I've noticed that/ or it seems such (to me)
used as the suffixes= (Mış/ Muş - Miş/ Müş)
positive
Okula gitmişsin= I heard that you went to school> Okul-a Git-miş-u-sen
Yanlış yapmışım=~I noticed I made something wrong >Yaŋlış Yap-muş-u-men
Okula gitmiş durumdasın=You've gone to school
Yanılmışım=(got it) I'm fallen in a mistake
negative
A. Okula gitmemişsin (I’ve learned> you didn't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-miş-sen (I heard you' haven’t gone to school)
B. Okula gitmiş değilsin =(You haven't been to school) Okul-a Git--miş değil-sen
in a question sentence it means: Do you have any inform about- have you heard- are you aware -does it look like this?
İbrahim bugün okula gitmiş mi? =Have you heard / did Abraham go to school today?
6.Okula varmak üzeresin =You're about to arrive at school
7.Okula gitmektesin (You're in (process of) going to school)= ~you’ve been going to school
8.Okula gitmekteydin =~You had been going to school /Okula gidiyor olmaktaydın
9.Okula gitmekteymişsin =I learned/heard >you've been going to school
10.Okula gidiyordun (Okula git-i-yor er-di-n) = You were going to school
11.Okula gidiyormuşsun (Okula git-i-yor er-miş-sen)= I heard that you are going to school > I learned you were going to school
12.Okula gidiyor olacaksın (Okula git-i-yor ol-a-çak-sen)= You will be going to school
13.Okula gitmekte olacaksın (Okula git-mek-de ol-a-çak-sen)= You will have been going to school
14.Okula gitmiş olacaksın (Okula git-miş ol-a-çak-sen)= You will have gone to school
15.Okula gidecektin (Okula git-e-çek er-di-n)(You would gonna go to school) (~You would go to school )(Said you or I had thought you'll be going to school)
16.Okula gidecekmişsin (Okula git-e-çek ermişsen)=I learned you'll go to school>I heard that you'd like to go to school
17.Okula giderdin ( Okula git-e-er erdin)=You used to go to school bf >~You would go to school
18.Okula gidermişsin ( Okula git-e-er ermişsen)=I heard that you used to go to school> I realized that you'd get to go to school
19.Okula gittiydin ( Okula git-di erdin)= I had seen you went to school >I remember you had gone to school
20.Okula gitdiymişsin = I heard you went to school -but if what I heard is true
21.Okula gitmişmişsin = I heard you've been to school -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing
22.Okula gitmiştin (Okula git-miş er-di-n)= you had gone to school
23.Okula gitmiş oldun (Okula git-miş ol-du-n)= you have been to school
Dur-mak=to keep to be present/there = ~to remain
Durur=remains to exist
used as the suffixes=(Dır- dir- dur- dür / Tır- tir-tur-tür)
It's often used in correspondences and literary language
its meaning in official conversations= keeps going like this
Bu Bir Elma = This is an apple
Bu bir elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= This is an apple (and keeps to be such)
Bu Bir Kitap = This is a book
Bu bir kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= This is a book (and keeps to be such)
informal meaning in everyday conversations=(I think /looks so /probably)
Bu bir elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= remaining in my mind/ I think> this is an apple
Bu bir kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= this is a book (it seems so)
Bu bir elma gibi duruyor=(looks like an apple this is )>This looks like an apple
Bu bir kitap gibi duruyor=This looks like a book
24.Okula gidiyordursun =(guess>likely-You were going to school
25.Okula gidiyorsundur =(I think> you are going to school
26.Okula gidecektirsin =(guess>likely- You would (gonna) go to school
27.Okula gideceksindir=(I think> You'll go to school
28.Okula gitmiştirsin =(guess >likely- You had gone to school
29.Okula gitmişsindir =(I think> You've been to school
I feel pinying closer to Spanish than English
What would you recommend as the best way for someone to learn to UNDERSTAND Chinese without wanting to learn to speak or write Chinese. I really enjoy Chinese dramas but many don't have subtitles, so would like to learn to understand the language. But the various teaching methods (like italki, duolingo etc) also want you to learn to speak Chinese, I don't have the need and my language abilities aren't great anyway (I can generally understand others in a language but I don't do well trying to speak in other languages, and I've tried). Any suggestions for a channel/app whatever that would be of use, greatly appreciated.
@@musicandbooklover-p2o I'll be honest, it takes a higher language level to understand historical drama... modern? much easier. I don't think I know of any program that would only teach you listening. There are some YT channels like "Mandarin Corner" or "Mandarin Click" that have slow listening practice. You can check them out!
Currently living in China. one of the most interest and convoluted acronyms I ran into was for the phrase referring to a person who plays X-box as X-box Game player but simplified it as XGP. Online many were using the characters 西瓜皮 as the replacement for XGP. 西瓜皮 is XiGuaPi which means Watermelon Skins. So taking the first letter of each pinyin to build an acronym but also using characters ....
Nada. XGP refers to Xbox Game Pass and they all know it.
Do you support the ccp?
Plot twist: they play e barbs and electro giant
XGP actually stands for Xbox Game Pass. The rest is 100% right.
@@idc4379 Yes.
It's funny how the gender neutral "ta" is western now, when 100 years ago it was the exact opposite. The character 她 was introduced in the early 1900's to help translate western works into Chinese without losing the distinction between he and she. At first, 她 was even criticized by some for being too western. Before this, 他 was gender neutral, and was used for both genders.
wow i didnt know that but it makes sense! so thats why you write 他们 to say everyone
I still often use 他 for both genders
This took some getting used to reading 金瓶梅
Thanks for sharing that! I've always wondered why kind of unexpectedly a lot of Chinese people I know tend to mix up "he" and "she" in English even though there are technically two words for it in Chinese. Knowing that, it makes a lot more sense!
sweden has intrudes a gender neutral word for both genders the recent years "hen" which for as old man i hated being called "it" or that which for me are just the same these "morons" want to use
I love how languages borrow things from each other and kind of make them their own. Made me think of how "app" is pronounced as the individual letters in Chinese. Another fun thing is when English words are used in a somewhat 'incorrect' way like describing someone as "好man" (manly) hahah
yes! those are good examples
My favorite of these is Korean's "Fighting!" which sounds incorrect at first since you'd expect the imperative form in exclamations, but it still got re-borrowed back to English (mainly koreaboos but still) and it's understood sort of like "We're fighting" or "Keep fighting".
I wonder if it was originally a mistake for the imperative form. I've noticed Chinese speakers making this mistake, directly translating "…着!" commands, but I'm not sure if Korean has anything similar.
There is also "好gay", where also a noun is turned into an adjective or adverb. This grammar is quite common in Mandarin Chinese.
@@larshofler8298 or 我get不到 (I don’t get it)
The APP thing is due to we Chinese people didn't know how to pronounce an English word properly or our pronouncement has strong Chinese accent, however we somehow knew how to pronounce ABCs, so we spelled the word letter by letter to make others understand, avoid being laughed and embarrassed, although we speak better English right now, this tradition is kept. some similar examples are P图 (Photoshop/modify pictures), ppt (PowerPoint). In addition, because Chinese people were too bad on speaking English, all foreign brands always have a Chinese name in Chinese market.
“大家好吗”and“你们好吗”are rather common when addressing the crowd. “你好吗” is super uncommon in one-on-one conversations to the point that it feels like only some literary novels would use it. In fact "你好" is normally used to catch a stranger's attention.
你好吗 sounds like a serious inquiry instead of a casual greeting.
Sometimes we use "have you eat yet?" (吃了吗？/吃饱了吗/你吃饱了吗） for greeting the friends . This is especially super common between the old people.
From what I heard from my grandpa, this is because they were very poor in the past and able to eat very full is considered as a luxury at that time.
@@larshofler8298 That's the way have been taught to use it by my friends. 你好吗 is a fairly intimate question. I will use it frequently with friends to ask them if they are OK. But it feels awkward with strangers. I would only ask it if somebody looks sick and needs help.
吗 is rather friendly. How my grandma would talk to her cute lovely little granddaughter. It’s a staple of the language and part of casual conversation.
你好 feels more like something people say on the phone.
*picks up phone* WEI???
你好，请问 _insert name here_ 在家吗？
Uhhh... 不在家
那跟你讲也可也。We'd like to reach you about your car's extended warranty...
*hangs up*
I began seeing the term, "get", appearing in many of my messages. I had to collect enough examples before I understood that they were expressing the fuller idea of "I get it" but in the extremely concise Han manner
Fascinating.
I've noticed that Japanese people kinda do a similar thing but it's literally just taken from video games with the whole "Item get" thing, except they do it for everything. Instead of "I got a [noun]" They'll say "[Noun] Getto" (げっと)
Theres being concise then theres being ambiguous.
"giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive."
What you described was not clear nor comprehensive.
Start picking another word other than concise because chinese is not it. In fact it ranks lower than english when it comes to concise languages. I believe Japanese is even lower.
@@LilyUnicorn I don't think ranking languages is really possible, with them being so disparate. For example, Chinese and Japanese both are pro-drop languages, so they are more contextual than English. Speakers understand and can fill in what's ambiguous naturally, so it's sufficient to use less words.
Though i do agree, maybe "synctactic flexibility" or "high productivity" can describe the difference better in place of conciseness.
@@LilyUnicorn The problem with "conciseness" is that translation (if it tries to accurately convey the original nuances) typically makes sentences longer, both ways. Translating English sentences accurately to Chinese creates convoluted sentences, but so does translating Chinese sentences to English. This is true for Russian, Japanese, Arabic, and I think for any language that has sufficiently different grammar. English and Spanish are similar enough that I don't typically see a large length difference with good translations.
An easy example is that anime subs are typically longer than the original Japanese sentence, but accurately translating English sentences to Japanese also creates long sentences. Both languages explicitly state certain things, and leave other things up to context.
English is very particular about plurals, tense, articles, and explicit subjects (even subjectless verbs like "to rain" have dummy subjects , "it's raining")
Japanese is also particular about things that are left up to context in English, most famously by changing most of the common words in a sentence to reflect the politeness levels and relative status of the speaker and listener. My other favorite example is the distinction between how you talk about the emotional state of those in your "in-group" and those not in the in-group. You basically would say "I'm scared" but for a stranger you would say "He shows signs of being scared (but I can't know because I'm not familiar with him)"
code switching is so cool. In germany, among younger generations in certain circles, using denglish (deutsch + english) has become so common that you could even consider it a dialect at some point. Generally, there are so many english phrases that are often used on the internet that have been ingrained in lots of peoples vocabulary, despite not even actively learning english.
English is a germanic language. More than 80% of our words are german origin or north germanic in origin (go vikings). For germanic languages speakers english is probably easier for you to context switch than it is to do so in reverse.
@@LilyUnicorn actually about 60% of English vocabulary comes from Latin and Greek
Yeah, some of German use English words but pronounce in German way. And for someone who’s learning English and Deutsch at the same time it could be a bit confusing. When I first came to Germany i thought “sori” was another world for apologizing, then I realized it was “sorry”.
Americans kinda do this with Japanese. Like obviously they're not fluent, but there are a few common words and phrases from anime that are widely known/used
I have experience with that 3-way code switching. Me and my siblings, only when talking among ourselves, use our first language with words from the second thrown in whenever it's convenient, and then English words on top of that.
With my parents it is usually only the first two without the extra English.
Hi, Mandarin native / Wu heritage speaker here.
I want to point out that Pinyin is not an English influence. Sure, it uses the Latin alphabet which is also used in English, but Pinyin is not made after English. Basically, it's very Anglocentric to call the Latin alphabet "English letters".
For example, English uses g vs k to distinguish between voiced and voiceness consonants, while in Pinyin it's unaspirated vs aspirated (as in French). In fact, Mandarin's [t͡ɕ], [t͡ɕʰ] and [ɕ] is transliterated as Pinyin's j, q, and x, which is a quite innovative use of the Latin alphabet, and definitely not English.
I also experience 3-way code-switching quite often. I share Mandarin L1 with my parents, and my mother is a middle school English teacher. Sometimes she asks me something about the text she is going to teach, and I would use mostly Wu to answer her; but if I don't know how to express some concepts in Wu, I would fallback to Mandarin. For me it's perfectly natural and I didn't even realize it before my non-Wu-speaking friends point it out.
Thanks for pointing that out! I may have made some assumptions and I will do more research on pinyin😊
While I agree with your point that pinyin is not directly based on the English version of the Latin alphabet (and the anglocentrism in calling it the English alphabet, for that matter), I would like to point out that using e.g. p vs b for aspirated vs unaspirated consonants is in fact closer to the English use of those letters than the French. English's distinction, while often referred to as a voicing distinction, is actually closer to an aspiration distinction (or at the very least uses both), while French uses only voicing, not aspiration.
I believe by "english influence" it was meant that the english introduced the latin alphabet and coined sounds in which chinese adopted. Not that the letters themselves are any bit of english. English is germanic language not latin. Before latin only written forms for the germanics were futhark and other runic symbols
@@ABChinese the wade-giles romanization system is the real system that is 'made after english'; it is one of the systems still often used in taiwan.
Yale romanization also has this sort of distinction, but I don't think it was ever commonly used in china - it was basically only used in american classrooms during the cold war. The legacy of this is still felt in some situations, especially in the romanization of 四川 as "szechuan".
Pinyin is less heavily influenced by english; I'd argue it's actually most similar to the albanian writing system.
@@pannekook2000 there was also Gwoyeu Romatzh, which was kinda interesting. It uses alternate ways of transliterating into english-style roman alphabet, to encode the tones; it also has some interesting phonetic abbreviations like 「個」 being shortened to just ‘g’.
Not learning Chinese, but i like to read fan translations of Chinese web novels and I'm always fascinated and delighted by the slang, especially when derived from English. Great video!
Ah yes. Roll egg! My favourite. Makes me think that egg rolls were invented to make fun of white people.
5:15 - There is code switching to an extent in English.
African American communities have their own well established dialect family separate from the “Standard English” dialect (Called AAVE). So a-lot of African Americans code switch from AAVE to “Standard English” if they’re talking to someone non African American or are in a professional setting.
This is usually called “Talking White” by African Americans, and it’s a form of code switching.
The UK is replete with regional (and cultural) dialects, some of which stray well beyond mutual comprehensibility with standard English, and it's hard to imagine life without code switching in that broader sense. You'll also notice people modulate in and out of professional language in fascinating ways. Among mathematicians the prefix co- (among others) is highly productive, and captures a notion absent from standard English, while software professionals are very fond of meta-.
Im not sure if this is code switching, but in my community of Indian immigrants, "English" is often spoken as a mix of English, Malayalam, and Hindi. We just call it "Manglish". for example "Amma, can you get some wvelum for the chedi, not choode wvelum"
the sentence means "Mom, can you get some water for the plants, not hot water" and i can't remember the last time my mom said "tea" rather than "chai"
Shut up
Just like that quote from the blackkklansman movie
"there's the Queen's English and then there's jive, I just so happen to be fluent in both"
More like they speak ebonics at home but know to speak proper English around us.
The pinyin ta is interesting. I had seen an article where it was discussed to replace the male/female radicals in the male/female ta characters with an ‘x’ to introduce a gender neutral ta when these ideas started being discussed for different languages.
even more ironic is that originally it was gender neutral
Why avoid using 他? 他is actually gender neutral, until白话文运动, when 她was suggested by 刘半农 for English "she", while 鲁迅 used 伊.... So maybe we should just raise awareness that 他 can be gender neutral and that classical Chinese used words such as其，之，彼and so on
@@Banom7a yes... That's ironic
Luckily we're slightly further away from america than latam, so it never went anywhere.
it's not even the male and female radicals. It's the female nv radical and the standing person radical becuase 他 is gender neutral
@@DeadlyBlaze I'm not the one that wrote the article, nor am I the Chinese linguists who felt the need to create this new character, so maybe take it up with them?
this is why i love the online chinese community so much. every acronym and meme feels so creative and adorable
The way you are describing nice/nai si sounds like it probably came in to that kind of Chinese usage through Japanese, where nice/naisu/ナイス is used in just that kind of way. Due to the strong videogame connotations, it seems likely that it could have come through that.
I believe there's also a similar construct in Korean. I guess it's just a useful enough concept that all three languages ended up borrowing it, either directly or indirectly.
I dont think so...it's just that all three languages have alphabets that are wildly different from the latin one so they find their own ways to spell out english words that they copy from the anglosphere. "Nice" in that context absolutely something that originated from English communities (ppl commonly say niiice, nice try/NT, nice one).
Definitely not. Each chinese character is pronounced with one syllable, and there are no characters that have only one single phoneme, which means there is not a single chinese character to represent the reading of a hard 's' sound. Which is why the closest thing chinese netizens could do is to use a character with the closest sound, which is si. Nothing to do with japanese media or video games
i was thinking it sounded a lot like how the nice/najs loanword works in swedish, which i'm pretty sure had nothing to do with japanese. it honestly seems like convergent evolution or whatever. like it's just very useful to adopt a specific sense of it.
I went to an International School in Japan, and I still have Nihonglish messages on Facebook from some of my hāfu friends. Stuff like “demo” for “but” or “nandakke” for “what was it again?”. All in romaji because switching keyboards is too much work.
Not only is this super helpful, but I love the attitude toward language that you express. Thank you!
you can always do 发呆中(mid- staire blankly, ) to replace the -ing.
True, but even this grammar is a modern development, probably under influence of European languages.
@@larshofler8298 Do you have a source? The phenomenon of using 中 in this way exists in Japanese (準備中、授業中、営業中、仕事中) and Korean (식사 중, 공사 중, 회의 중) as well.
@@romanr.301 Noun+中 has been observed in ancient text as "during", e.g. 爆竹声中一岁除 or 毕竟西湖六月中 (both from Song dynasty poems). I haven't found the reference of Verb+中 in classical Chinese. However verb and gerunds (verb+ing as noun) are usually not distinguished in Chinese.
@@deepseer The usage was borrowed from Japanese directly during 19-20th century, and in Japanese it started in Edo to early Meiji era.
@@whiverfichos source? I don't doubt it, would just like to look into it more!
I love your attitude toward language as constantly changing through time and through contact with other languages and cultures. It is alive!
just to clarify something: mandarin is not any of the dialects. it's created based on several dialects spoken in the north. The reason to this, I believe, is that northern dialects are so similar to each other that people can pretty much understand each other flawlessly, while in the south it is common to have 2 villages being a few miles apart but have very different dialects and have trouble understanding each other (in the past when people don't speak mandarin). Therefore, statistically, mandarin being closer to the northern dialects means that less people needs to learn a "new" dialect.
Makes me think of Cantonese vs Toishanese, so close but linguistically so differnet
Mandarin isn’t just from any dialect but specifically the dialect used by government officials and such in the capitals as they had to share a common tongue in order to communicate properly. It was then developed into modern mandarin when the official national tongue was chosen.
maybe its a completly different language and it just happens that the north has a lot of dialect based on MANDARIN like in TAGALOG where there's batangas tagalog and MANILENO Tagalog which is a dialects of tagalog while in the south where cebuano is dominant tagalog speakers cant understand them cause its a diffetent language all together and i believe thats the same situation in china. cause dialects are mutually intelible to both speakers if not then they are speaking different languages
@@philippinekatipunanflag4372 no. The modern mandarin was only finalised in the recent decades and it was based on several northen dialect. The northen dialects definetely occured much earlier. Regarding to your last sentence, 'dialect' is just one of a few english words that have similar meaning to "方言“, the Chinese word that means "a variaty of Chinese". I personally consider this as a loss of information during translation. In fact many Chinese dialects are so different from each other that sometimes it's considered a discrimination on the non-native people because they can't understand the dialect at all. I don't consider them to be different languages because they can be expressed by Chinese characters.
The northern dialects were used to create Mandarin because the political center had been Beijing for the Mongolians, the Ming Dynasty since the 3rd emperor moved the capital there after he overthrew his nephew and took over, and the later Manchurian Qing dynasty. Being invaded twice by northern non-Han Chinese people in the recent times brought the northern dialects into prominent use by people in the center of politics. So Mandarin-like dialect became the official language used by by imperial courts. The central government can't function effectively if all the court officials spoke their local dialects at work. After the Qing dynasty, both the Republic of China and then the People's Republic of China chose to use Mandarin as the base for their official languages. For ROC, it became 國語, guo-yu, national language. For PRC, it became 普通話, pu tong hua, common/standard/regular speech. Neither are the actual "mandarin" Chinese spoken by the Manchurian court, but both based on it. But in English, both just carried on the same name as Mandarin since non-Chinese speakers can't tell the difference between the 3.
Omg when I saw this thumbnail, I instantly think of Mayday (五月天）- 戀愛ing.
Not interested in learning Chinese but I have learned Korean to a conversational level and this got randomly recommended to me. The loan word "nice" is really interesting as it has a similar usage as Chinese has in both Korean and my native language Finnish too. Great video I enjoyed it
I saw your video by accident and your way to get to the point is "NICE". So here a new subscriber.
The whole beauty of Chinese lies on its characters. That's why Japanese looks so cool. So the fewer latin letters in Chinese the better. Although I agree attaching "ing" to the verb instead of "zhe" was pretty smart.
But actually you can never see these words with English characteristics in chinese people's daily life(written chinese,oral chinese and of course education), which means these words can be just seen online as more kind of entertainment. Everybody knows that network trend doesn't amount to national culture. I'm surprised that you should testify the beauty of Japanese by belittling chinese even with no knowledge of it. Ridiculous.
It seems strange to me that you mentioned Japanese, since Japanese has borrow a lot from foreign languages.
@Gino C Similar, but little used in German: '-nd' can (w/o pronoun) indicate that an action is being done continuously. 'Laufend' for example (rather literally 'running') indicates that something (like a machine) is operating.
But again, it's not often used.
@Gino C Gerunds in Spanish have a more restricted use than in English. In English, they often substantivize a verb, like in "I love running", but in Spanish that's not grammatical, you use only the infinitive for that ("me encanta correr").
Yes, they can be similar, but they're not used "exactly the same".
@Gino C Well, I just wanted to clear that up, because I've heard/seen English speakers using the gerund in Spanish as if it were the same, with comic or confusing results. "Ir esquiando" is generally not the same as "go skiing", etc.
Oh this was so cool! Thanks! I love learning about linguistics and how language changes over time. Super useful too to know what is being spoken or slang vs textbook teaching so that one can relate to other people around one's own age better to make friends haha
Its funny how singlish is just english with chinese grammar, and now we have chinese with english grammar 😆
Manglish can relate lol
Because we all learned English at school, we just slapped English word directly when we speak Chinese and forgot the Chinese word for it.
I have watched half a dozen of your videos this morning, and still do not know your name. You are an excellent teacher, with superb English elocution.
I’ve spent about 100,000 hours studying English humor and Western culture, and many hours studying Chinese culture. My native language is Chinese. I teach Chinese in humorous way and with cute pictures.
Hope somebody recommend my videos to those who want to learn Chinese.
Thanks!
Woah, thank you!
I find your videos very helpful and thought à small token (plus maybe make people aware of the option). :)
Code switching happens a lot when watching things in another language too.
In Korean and Thai Dramas, unless they're period formatted, the use of English words and phrases happens quite often.
Similarly, it's pretty hard to find an anime without at least some English loanwords used.
@@songcramp66 agreed...and oftentimes the word is badly mangled...which I can't blame them since it takes me actively analyzing words before I get their pronunciation correct...and even then there's a real chance of me adopting a weird variant of the pronunciation or even bounce around to several variants depending on the emotions and context...in High School I apparently had someone convinced that I was British because of this. 🤣
However, I also sound like a number of English variants because that's simply how I work... though apparently regardless of the accents and variants, I come across as articulate, well spoken, and clear...even if internally I was like a person frantically trying to assemble things fast enough to be exported for the audience... I'm sure that if I learned another language, I would be as bad...I even accidentally cause a Spanish speaker to think I could speak Spanish simply because I pronounced Jalapeno & Pablono Correctly. That was an experience... I'm also good enough at recognizing words even I'm their non-english forms...so even if details sail over my head...I can still comprehend more than normal when listening to other Eurocentric languages...and my skills in Asian language comprehension aren't normal either...can't speak it, but I can piece together what's being said vaguely.
So, if I ever get a chance to live for a time in any Asian country, I probably would pick it up faster than normal too...after all...I became extremely articulate less than 18 months after saying my first words. Confused adults to no end when I could hold a proper conversation before I could even read. Also made me extremely popular and also despised by my peers at different times.
I live in China and so far my experience with 你好/你好吗 is that it's very *very* common to use with foreigners regardless if you know them already or not. It's still used between Chinese people, but more often you will hear things like 吃了吗 have you eaten, or 好久不见 long time no see or something else a little more ummm personal I guess would be the best description.
There's a much bigger change you missed. In the 19th century, Chinese adopted Western grammar wholesale from English and other Western languages, to allow embedding phrases and other recursive constructions. This is the most fascinating linguistic change in Chinese, and it marks a turning point in Chinese grammar. I would love to hear a full video on reading texts from before the 19th century, vs. 20th century texts.
Yea, he seemed to only looked at minor recent changes, but not the huge systemic changes that came before.
Cool! Do you have an example of this that's easy to summarize?
@@gabyb5280 It's very little known in the West. I found out about it through the recent Piraha debate, where it became clear (through the brilliant fieldwork of Dan Everett in the Amazonian jungle) that the Piraha language lacks recursion! From this insight, Fred Karlson then argued that linguistic recursion developed in the historical period and spread from Europe, starting with Homer in Greek, and Cicero adopting Homerian writing into Latin. then going radially outward into the languages of the Roman empire, and so on. In the 19th century, the Chinese adopted this system of grammar, the kind that allows arbitrarily complex sentences. I don't speak Chinese, so I would love to have a native speaker talk about the grammatical changes in the 19th century, you can trace them in texts. I found out about this second-hand.
@@annaclarafenyo8185 the people you cited are crackpots in the lingustic community. baihua literature HAD recursion. but yes some grammatical constructions were indeed borrowed from european languages into chinese, including calque translations of rhetorical words/phrases (e.g., "for the sake of argument", etc)
@@annaclarafenyo8185 it is still being debated whether it’s proper Chinese. It mostly happens to academic world, and most of the speaking Chinese hasn’t been affected from my experience.
this is so interesting especially the ta and …ing. It’s not like people do it just because, but they do it to communicate what they want to say easier. It’s great.
I want to know more about why people make the code switching decisions they do... I'm a native English speaker, and this wasn't Chinese, but I was watching a show in Thai recently, and I couldn't understand why sometimes a character would say a few full sentences in English and then switch right back to Thai, or why sometimes characters would have a short conversation in English before returning to Thai, when there seemed to be no obvious external reason (like the presence of a foreigner) to explain why they'd start speaking in English in the first place.
Usually it's for convenience. Where I live, we naturally code-switch to English because we're more immersed in Western content and know a wider range of more expressive vocabulary there.
Orr.. it could just be a gimmick by the show since using English in some countries can be seen as "cool" or "unique" lol
From my experience and perspective, code switching happens when a native language speaker wishes to express an idea or concept, it is usually far easier to do so in a foreign language, in this case, English. There are words that don't exist in the native language, and you opt to express it in a different language. You can view it as switching from normal speech to using jargon, technical or business English in that regard. Another example is when trying to explain how you're laughing that a person just fell flat on his face and his misfortune is satisfying for you... or you could just use the word Schadenfreude. German is a good language to fish for stuff like that... English has to invent the rather technical word(s) Cuteness Agression, but some languages already have a word for that (umol).
I think code switching happen in so many country. It happens in my country (Indonesia) and my neighboring countries too (Malaysia, Singapore). We often use english words/sentences/grammar mixed with our local language. And i think it's normal since english is the global language and we all use english as our second language (either official or unofficial).
When I code switch it's generally because the word/sentence is shorter in the other language, or it's easier to pronounce.
For me personally, one of the main reasons I code switch is because it _feels_ different in one language or the other, so although you can say the same thing in the other language it just doesn't feel like the thing you want to say. There's also the fact that you might only want to say 1 word in english but it sounds wrong in the other language grammar, so you do a whole chunk in english instead.
These words are basically network language. People communicate online in pursuit of efficiency, so the language is not standardized and they like to create some new words
When I was younger and living in Bahrain my parents spoke Chinese but I was taught English and everyone spoke Arabic my cousin who was really young at the time was code switching and speaking essentially gibberish because He only knew small fragments of each language since he was only around 3 or 4 it’s pretty funny until now he is kinda bad at English and Chinese and has to code switch but it is better than before
I think the case of "你好吗" might be similar to how in English almost literally (unironically at least) no one uses "how do you do?" anymore.
People do, however, use "howdy(o you do)?"
“how do you do” doesnt sound that uncommon tbh
@@rediius I've never heard anyone outside of the us say that
Just heard from a French guy yesterday 😂
I find it very interesting that code switching has the meaning it does. I know in English people often use code switching as a way to say some switches the type of English dialect they use depending on who their around.
My dad does this lol. He doesn't have much of a Southern accent... Until he's out in the rural/Appalachian parts 😂
That cute “biuuu” just got you a new subscriber, my friend. The most adorable Chinese teacher on YT. 😂
whoa dude
many of these are extremely similar to how many spanish youths's speech has been affected by english
specially with the use of loanwords in a way thats different to their english use, with "nice" specifically, it seems to be exactly as in chinese
My favorite example of number 6 is when ungeilivable (from 给力) had it's moment in internet slang around a decade or so ago.
Idk what category this would fit in but my favourite new thing I learned recently is the phrase: 狗带 meaning "Go die" Always cracks em up
Nai Si sounds like ナイス (Naisu) in Japanese. Although I'm sure there are better alternatives for "nice" in both Mandarin and Japanese.
No you're right, I know Japanese people use this too I've heard them doing it.
But it's pretty specific. I think there are other similar terms in Japanese but they tend to be longer and more formal such as おめでとう (Omedetou) which aren't really practical to say in the setting of... let's say a really sweet E-sports tournament when you're buddy just got a gnarly frag.
01:35 Wrong, Hanyü Pinyin is not English-based, yes it's Latin-based but not all Latin-based writing is English, in fact Wade-Giles is English-based but Pinyin is more Eastern European-based as the P.R.C. wanted to be closer to the Soviet Union.
Don't discount the Soviet Union's influence.
Not exactly wrong but the Latin-based script emerged from not just Sin Wenz (the Russian-rooted system) but from Gwoyeu Romatzyh and with tonal indications inspired from Zhuyin, so it isn't as Soviet-centric as your comment suggested. Also, Sin Wenz was not made because of need to draw closer to Russia, but simply as the officials who made it were educated in Moscow, thus utilizing a similar system to that that the Russians were using to promote literacy in the Far East.
Like a quoter of the list is assumed to be English influence while it may be any language with Latin alphabet. It might have more to do with the British Empire than the USA and even then, the British weren't the first Europeans on Chinese soil or even the most influential.
On what basis do you think that Pinyin is Eastern European-based? Pinyin looks nothing like Polish, Russian, Croatian, etc.
Pinyin got the idea of using “x” like that from Portuguese, though.
@@pia_mater because the PinYin was using the latin alphabet to transcript Russian in Latin alphabet. PinYin doesn't look polish, but it does look come south Slavic languages.
I really enjoy your historical and geographic comments regarding Chinese. You have a great site here.
Thanks for stopping by!
the most prevalent kind of code-switching is between spanish and english, so much so that spanglish is considered the fastest growing semi-language in the US (i say "semi-language" since the distinction between english and spanish are still maintained while it is spoken, but it still has rules and such that dictate its use in contrast to plain english or plain spanish)
The best translation to "发呆ing" is probably “发呆中”，fit very well and is not weird at all in daily dialogue
I believe the most used English expression might be "get the piont". Not very easy to find a proper and casual substitution for it in Chinese.所以一般会说“我有点get不到” “你没get到点上” 如果说，没有领会到关键点之类的，就有点太严肃，也不是很贴切了
9:30 I want to add that the formal way to express "发呆ing " is "发呆中", in the process of blankly staring, the problem is, it's too boring, not cool, not funny, like a expression exists in a paper or textbook, people can't feel the vibe of fun and cuteness.
thank you for adding a fascinating context to my mandarin learning in such a fun way! you are just a joy to learn from ;)
I always think the best example of English code-switching as you called it is French lone phrases.
*about a dress or dish* I think it needs a little ‘Je nais se qua’ [something fancy/special-I have no idea how it’s spelt], or
*about an event* it disappointing but, ‘c’est la vie’ [“that’s life” and therefore oh well not everything works out]
Interestingly most people will say je nais se qua with an ‘accent’ whether it’s a good French one or generic foreign/continental, but c’est la vie can be said in a very plain English/native accent
“Quoi” is the correct spelling of what you wrote as “qua”.
大家好吗 (how's everyone) is actually quite different from 你好吗 (are you okay?). The first is commonly used as casual greeting whereas the second is serious and specific in meaning.
Also -ing can more or less be replaced by 中, as in 发呆中, but often times it's more TRENDY to express that in english and that's why its more commonplace on social media and online fiction/writing. Same with 奈斯 (nice) can be easily replaced by 好样的, but people choose to do otherwise again because the english is new and thus more cool and trendy. Just like how english makes up different slangs all the time (eg. 'you killled it' is now 'you slayed that')
I really don’t know how I ended up here, but I am very glad I did. Thank you for a lovely presentation. It was nice.
Woah, i got an add for italki at the beginning of this video and then saw the sponsorship... deja vu lol
Very interesting video. I often see Chinese speakers say "ni hai" in greeting, but not "ni hao ma".
I’m disappointed not to hear that people are spelling “ing” as 英. I just feel like it could lead to some pretty entertaining misunderstandings.
So basically “你好吗？” doesn't get used in daily greetings like "what's up". It just sounds a little bit formal.
The irony is that English itself was heavily influenced by other languages like French, Latin, and Greek. English is originally a Germanic language, but now it has more non-Germanic loanwords than it's pure Germanic words. Modern English also has loanwords from almost all the languages of the world. My mother tongue is Tamil. Most native English speakers wouldn't even have heard of my language. But they use Tamil words without even realising it. Some popular Tamil loanwords in English are: curry (from kaṟi), mango (from māṅgā), congee (from kañji), teak (from tēkku), catamaran (from kaṭṭumaram), pariah (from paṟaiyar), cheroot (from curuṭṭu), coir (from kayir). There are a few more! I think English is a true lingua franca of the world as it has loanwords from almost all the languages of the world.
Loanwords to describe foods or niche items from other places aren't as pertinent as the ones from French Latin and Greek because they don't really impact the fabric of the language. I wouldn't even say the romance ans Greek words in English are even loanwords, they just are English.
Also I'd say any language has those words in their lexicon as well. It's not something specific to English.
@@adanactnomew7085 Yes, that's why I said that English was "heavily influenced" by French, Latin, and Greek. Tamil, Chinese, or any language other than the above three made no impact in English at all.
Having said that, not all Tamil loanwords in English are niche items though. The English word 'cash' originated from Tamil 'kācu' via Portuguese 'caixa'. It didn't occur to me when I wrote the first comment. I have added that to the list.
Your argument is valid still. No languages made significant impact on the grammar and syntax of English other than French, Latin, and Greek.
But, those are still loanwords though. They can be called as English words for practical purposes - but they are still loanwords. English vocabulary is the largest of all languages in the word. A single concept can be described by multiple words in English. How come English vocabulary is ginormous? It's because of these loanwords.
Other languages have loanwords too. But none of them compares to the extensive loanwords present in English. It's probably because English is spoken by almost all parts of the world. Each people contribute vocabulary to the English language.
@@தமிழோன் Agreed.
Also cash is more believed to come from the Latin "capsa" for box.
@@adanactnomew7085 Sorry yes, I just referred the Oxford dictionary. The Tamil etymology for the word 'cash' is only applicable for its second sense. It's used to denote low denomination coins in India. Since both senses have monetary meaning, I got confused. I'll remove that word from the list to avoid confusion.
I have to say, comparing Japanese and Korean, Chinese got much much less impacted from western language
2022: China discovers you can make funny English-isms by adding "-ing" at the end.
Spanish speakers: "Welcome to the club."
5:14 actually, in many areas, especially in states on the border, spanish is pretty common, so we do actually do a lot of code switching
Ah, code switching. American with 7 years of Spanish (and some Chinese) taught in school leads to frequent infractions... despite the fact that I'm only really fluent in English. Confuses ppl who don't know said other language when I say words that have magically become a part of my vocab XD
So bueno pibe
What are your personal examples of code switching?
Thanks! Native Hebrew and fluent English speaker from Israel learning Chinese (Mandarin) - I LOVE watching your videos!
Thank you for the support!😊
确实基本不说“你好吗”，我能想到的只有两个分手多年的情侣，再次相见后，问对方：你好吗？你最近好吗？ 除此之外，我暂时没想到其他的使用场景。中文里确实缺少日常的打招呼的表达，包括“再见”也很少用到。所以都用“hello/hi”和“bye bye”了。
Great video. Would love to see more videos on grammar, popular expressions, etc. What’s great is that you’re completely bilingual, so you have equal 语感 in both, a fact that gives you a real edge in giving clear explanations.
2:43 your sound effects give me life
You're a genius, whenever i watch Your videos i always feel inspired to learn more about foreign languages. Thank You so much
I can totally relate the forbaying of using 'nice'. My year 6 teacher in primary school banned the word from class, because she wanted us to develop our vocabulary
Thank you for another very informative video. You have a great delivery style.
I liked this video. Thank you for uploading it.
The last point about code switching at the grammar level really goes both ways. I can see how an English speaker wanting to bring an idea over from Mandarin might keep a final -a- or -ma- or -ba- as a way of clarifying something.... very interesting video.
This video came out on my birthday. I noticed when I dropped the like after watching the enjoyable content. Thanks for the history lesson! I love receiving useful information from creative-minded people so thanks for that! I'll check out your channel and consider subscribing.
I think that it is sad to see language influence from the linguafranka, but also at the same time, I guess that it paints a story…
One thing I was always curious about is how is tonality handled when singing in Chinese? Is it just figured out by context or do the words used dictate how the melody has to go?
I saw on Grace Mandarin Chinese's channel a video about this, in short there are a lot of mis-hearings when the melody doesn't match the proper tone of the word being sung. Beyond that, it's like music in any other language - the songwriter does their best to write the music in a way which suits the ideas of the words and the emotion the singer will express. Some are better at it than others, and some singers are better at it than others.
@@glowingfatedie The easiest way to know the meaning of a chinese word when sung is context
If I remembered correctly, the melody is written first then the lyrics, so the lyric writer would have to choose the right word to match the meaning of the whole song. Or the song would became so strange, and theres a series of "songs that you have misheard". One of the examples was "party animal" was sung badly and became "queuing animal"
By context , some songs handle it well. some songs don't. And words won't dictate how the melody goes.
"Biu"**Questions life choices** got me dying😂😂😂
(4:10) The English word 'nice' has also been borrowed to Swedish (can be spelt as 'najs'), which also doesn't have the same meaning as English. ... One obvious difference is that you can describe a person as being 'nice' in English, which would be a kind person, but in Swedish that would be more of a cool person. You wouldn't really describe your grandparents as nice in Swedish, unless they are exceptional. ... For weather, in English it's more for pleasant weather, while in Swedish it's for when the weather is really good. ... In short, I feel like the word has a stronger meaning in Swedish than in English.
Really nice video man. Very informative and not boring.
Fascinating, especially slapping that ing to the end of a word
no one says 你好吗 its either 你好 (hi) or 你还好吗 (are you ok - adding the 还 makes that instant difference) 你们好吗 (usu when addressing a crowd). chinese is a pretty flexible language so it dont always need a ending word to represent the purpose (eg question) its just in how you pitch it. Example - say 你好 flatly is just usual, going ni hAo (up on the a, down on the o) is like a question when you're trying to get their attention (followed by your real question / request eg where's the ticketing booth etc), going nI hAO (up on both a and o) is like a cheerful greeting.
你 _____ 了吗 is a more common way to ask questions, or recently a shorter and more informal ver is 你 ___ 没 eg Have You Eaten（你吃饭了吗 、 你吃饭没）
That’s not true. People do use 你好嗎
Neat analysis video! Thanks for uploading!
The code switching is very real. Happens often with my dorm friends when one of us can't explain something in our L2. Happens sometimes with my dad, who taught me Spanish at a young age. Occasionally happens accidentally with my monolingual friends, because as I put it: "Sorry, my brain was stuck in Spanish" 🤣
Code switching language of Chinese is very popluar and widely used in Hong Kong ,Singapore , Malaysia and Australia. example Singapore and MY: Saya 今天去 Go Shopping. Hong Kong : Cu唔Cute ?
Today, YT recommended was a good boy
Commenting for the algorithm so others may find you as I did.
One of the craziest English influences on Chinese that I’ve heard of is the shanghainese word for tadpole.
What is it???
That is so interesting to see how people of other cultures adapt English into their languages.
I'm Russian and because our language allows us to create new words out nowhere which meaning you usually define by context or similar words, it is common to have English words changed into Cyrillic letters with the same pronunciation as so creating new words and use them.
interesting
For instance: cringe -> кринж
How does russian let you create words out of nowhere
@@citrusblast4372 Russian words are basically puzzles. Every word has a root - the main part, which can tell a directional meaning of word. Alone, roots hardly ever exist as independent words, so usually words are consisted of different beginnings, endings, something in between and so on. Combine all of it together and you get a new word.
Similar to English, but not exactly the same, I would use a word "bug" as an example.
Bug, debug, bugging, debugging.
Bug would be a root, de - beginning, ing - ending.
So, in order to create new word, you need to come up with root. Knowing the meaning of word you want it to have, you can take a look at words with similar meanings how it created and apply the same rules to your new word.
The point is it is all done by subconsciousness. Every native speak is able to do it and analyze it in seconds. That's why some new English words are so easily adaptable in Russian.
Sorry for long text, but basically except for root, every other parts of words are made by rules, which are universal to all words and are very flexible.
Just chose letters, define meaning and your brain will do the rest for you.
(Of course there is a moments where you can't literally make a world consisting of only T,D,P,M,N and etc. You need something like A, O, I and similar letters in between.)
many people miss that "long time no see" is Chinese (Cantonese) influence to English.
That is one theory of its origin.
I am curious to know the origin of “I know right” because it doesn’t sound English to me coming from non native speaker.
Great video man!
Thanks Tyler!
On the "ni hao ma" debate ... it seems likely it's a very formal construction that would only be use in situations where the person you are greeting is very distant from your normal circle ... I've seen it used once in a modern drama with a business setting ... also finding a similar thing with "xiexieni" which seems never to be used in the dramas I've seen.
8:02 this song sticks in your head
Great video! You are so good at presenting!
We use "Nice!" the same way in Germany, I think (without the different spellings).
the last point you made was so cool in relation to reading Because Internet by Gretchen McCulloch, I wonder how you’d feel about that book lol
Loans words can best be described as a poverty of creativity.
I can't remember what grade I was in, perhaps 5th or 6th grade in elementary school, but for the star student every week, we had to write a complimentary word for that student, and we were not allowed to use "nice". It is seen as not genuine or sincere because of how broad and impersonal it is. It's the equivalent of writing HAGS (abbreviation for 'have a great summer") in someone's yearbook instead of a more personal note with your name attached.
Singapore have been doing this. Singlish FTW.
Interesting summary, though I'd comment that lots examples mentioned here are internet trends that are mostly popular among young people. In few years time, some of them will fade away (like nice example), while some may become integrated part of Chinese language (like TA example)
my favorite example of this is T恤, literally t-shirt!
In the U.S. code switching happens either across local American dialects of English, or it happens in the Southwest where people are conversant in Spanish, but primarily speak English. See also Spanglish.
I also believe that 一个 as in 我是一个人 is a direct translation of English "a/an", as it is derived from "one".
The 一 is one, but the 个 is a unit (measure word) can literally mean "instance of"
Great singing voice too.
Naisi video, good job.
I love this video, it is very well done!!
I commented earlier and now I can’t find it. Well, I guess I’ll comment again. My Chinese children song app uses Ni Hao Ma in one of the songs. I don’t think it’s traditional though, as we have the same song in English. Also, I can see why Chinese would adopt the ING suffix as it fits in phonetically and probably comes in pretty handy. Very interesting. I think languages are fascinating 🧐
Actually do people really say 发呆ing in real life... I think people just write this in text only
@@yokelengleng People will actually say "發呆中".
@@yokelengleng People don't say it. Only use -ing for comical effect in text only, usually on internet.
@@simonlow0210 I know... Because I'm Chinese too....