Interesting stuff! One thing I'm wondering: weren't the original hunter-gatherer populations of the UK darker skinned and BLUE eyed? I thought it was the the steppe people who brought the lighter skin but not blue eyes. Or perhaps by that time the genetics for blue eyes had spread among steppe people.
@@paul6925 That was another political sh¡t just to say Europeans are not native to Europe but blacks, so Europeans must """return""" Europe to non-whites. The Cheddar-Man was proven as a hoax.
@@paul6925 Good question. The original hunter-gatherers (Cheddar Man etc.) are thought to have had blue eyes I think, but that research is a bit controversial. After these though, you have the first farmers reaching Britain about 4,000 BC that were originally from the Anatolian area, and may have had darker eyes. Then the Bell Beakers started coming about 2,500 BC. I will need to do more research on that but that's my initial thoughts off the top of my head. There's the first farmers between the early hunter-gatherers and the Bell Beakers. Thanks for the question though.
The Haplogroup 4:49 R1b-M269 is also present in large proportion in the central Romania. The majority of the highlanders of Transylvania, in Alba County (including all my male relatives) have this haplogroup. People in this area are having medium stature, very white skin, brown hair (with a significant minority of blond and no black haired), half of them are having brown eyes and half light eyes (blue or green) and no black eyes.
That was excellent,thanks,,also they gave us milk tolerance,the wheel,domestication of horse,and sheet metal teck which they made trumpets and couldrens with
I love your accent. Ha ha, after years of training and trying not to pronounce the vibrated/rolled letter R (voiced alveolar trill) that we native Latin language speakers emit, I see a native English speaker vibrating/rolling the R more than I do
Thanks interesting informative cheers to you I would love to buy some coffee for you you doing a good service for science and people that is thankful cheers
100% of Mesolithic Western Hunter-gatherer remains investigated had alleles for pale eye-colour, so non-brown eyes had a very long history in western Europe, predating people associated with the Beaker Complex by thousands of years.
Thanks. A few people have said this but in between the early hunter gatherers and the Bell Beaker people, there is the first farmers who were more connected to the Anatolian area.
@@celtichistorydecoded The steppe pastoralists ancestral to the 'Rhineland' Bell Beaker People probably picked up what pale eye alleles they eventually absorbed, from peoples with some WHG ancestry in North/Central Europe, so the origins of this feature were largely from WHG anyway. It was hardly a new feature in the British Isles as some native WHG groups had merged with Neolithic farmers in Britain. Replacing one group with some pale eye alleles with another group also with some pale eye alleles isn't a very noteworthy event. The fact that the Bell Beaker People introduced steppe ancestry to the British Isles is significant, though.
In the west of Ireland particularly are people with very black hair and blue eyes, known as "black Irish". Lots of stories about their background including the wrecks of Spanish armada which is obviously not the basis but ironicly has some truth in connection with bell beakers from iberia who had a greater mix of neolithic and steppe ancestry
In my father's line I come from the Celtic Eburone (R1b1a1b1a1 etc.). On my mother's side I am H5a-152. My mother's line was matrilenary 400 years ago (now Duisburg). Men who married were given the name of their wife's mother. I can't find anything about the importance of women in Hallstatt and later Celtic cultures.
Women were carriers and law givers (judges) in Celtic culture. Ireland has a very rich preserve of Celtic cultural traditions and practices in it literature. Unfortunately much has been lost in Britain, particularly in England where the incoming AngloSaxon culture eradicated much of the history.
I always thought that some people from the Iberian-Peninsula specifically to those from Northern-Spain look sometimes like they have some Scottish or ancient celtic ancestry. I know that Portugal has it, but Northern-Spain genetics still prevail in that area until today.
Some archaeologists say that the study does not prove the scale of the British Beaker invasion, but agree that it is a major work that typifies how huge ancient-DNA studies are disrupting archaeology. It’s “ground-breaking”, says Benjamin Roberts, an archaeologist at Durham University, UK. The variety of Beaker artefacts makes it hard to define them as emerging from one distinctive culture: many researchers prefer to call their spread the ‘Bell Beaker phenomenon’, says Marc Vander Linden, an archaeologist at University College London. The distinctive pots, possibly used as drinking vessels, are nearly ubiquitous; flint arrowheads, copper daggers and stone wrist guards are common, too. But there are regional differences in ceramics and burial style. And the immense, yet discontinuous, geographical range of Beaker sites - from Scandinavia to Morocco, and Ireland to Hungary - has sown more confusion. After a few hundred years, the pots vanish from the record. Reich’s team calculates that Britain saw a greater than 90% shift in its genetic make-up. But Roberts says he 'doesn’t see evidence' for such a huge shift in the archaeological record. The rise of cremation in Bronze Age Britain could have biased the finding, he cautions, because it might have eliminated bones that could have been sampled for DNA. Although archaeologists are excited to see ancient DNA yield breakthroughs in problems that have vexed their field for decades, says Linden, he expects some push back against the latest study’s conclusions. “It’s not at all the end of the story.”
I think, as you stated, its important to emphasise that anthropological ethno-DNA science is in its infancy, as we are as yet making very general interpretations based on statistically insignificant numbers of examples. One of the big unanswered questions of the prehistoric period is 'Where did all the bodies go ?' There's a lot of people that respond to archaic history channels thinking they've got some sort of definitive ethnic/cultural bloodline from a swab test by companies that give wooly nebulous definitions of an individuals ancestry, without clarifying historical timescales, or that some DNA hangs around for a long time, whereas some 'washes' away fairly quickly even between living descendants and we don't know why. We all carry around bits of junk DNA that is totally recessive and will never effect our bodies, even down to the bacterial level. Some people (not all) read absolutes into these nebulous results because the numbers add up to 100% (lies, damned lies and statistics). We all know where genetic absolutes lead.
@@veronicalogotheti1162 Genetic theory has been around for a lot longer than that but unravelling the human genome is relatively new and the number of ancient bodies found is still infinitesimally small and good DNA from them is still not large, although getting scientifically better.
@@iainmc9859 Scientists admitted they could not determine cheddar mans skin colour from his 10,000 year old bones, yet they say he is black, with blue eye gene, go figure!
If you go Ancient Architects and have a listen to Mat...there are times I have to stop and go back later...but like this chap he has some very interesting videos 😁🌠
The image you showed at 4:45 seems to have a brachycephaly type skull, at 8:50 the skull appears to be dolichocephaly type skull. Are these both the same images taken in different light?
Well, where the hell do I come from, because I'm Spanish with RM269 and I don't understand myself. On the one hand I get Iberian, Italian, Irish, Central European and Baltic or Finnish ancestry in modern DNA and on the other hand I get Western Paleolithic hunter gatherer, Anatolian Neolithic, Eastern European steppe shepherd and Neanderthal in ancient DNA.
Pues pareces ser un buen ejemplo de europeo moderno, con antepasados de variadas regiones y algún viajero del este Bonito genotipo, cómo es tu fenotipo? Y grupo sanguíneo? Bitxòloga curiosa 🙋🏻♀️
@@MarinaMontserrat Grupo sanguineo: 0+ Mi Fenotipo Mediterraneo: 1,75 ; pelo moreno y ojos marrones claros ; nariz recta, piel morena clara. Y como tengo 68 años pues barba blanca y canas en el pelo.
I suppose the gentic branch of Anatolian neolithic farmers support the Geoffrey of Monmouths writings that the UK had an influx of migrants from Troy about 500BC while Wilson and Blacket suggest that ancient texts indicate an earlier migration from the Levant around 1500BC the earlier influx bringing mining technology which created the Tin mining of Cornwall and the copper mining in Wales and the subsequent trade with the Phonecians who seem also to be colonys of the Levant peoples.
You quote a 2015 study for Irish DNA. In a very fast developing field -- which had only started in 2015 -- that is very old data. The steppe ancestry is much more than a third.
2:55 This misconceptions about Yamanaya having populated British isles is due to not being careful about granularity of R1b subclades. Had Yamanaya replaced population in British isles, R1b-L23 or R1b-Z2103 would be common haplogroup there. R1b-M269 was not common in Pontic Steppe, also not in Yamanaya. Y haplogroups R1b-Z2103 , R1b-L23, R1b-M73 are Yamanaya. These lineages did not descend from R1b-M269, neither did R1b-M269 descend from various Yamanaya R1b subclades. R1b-M269 came into British isles from nearby Europe, - as you mentioned 5:00 - bell beaker culture which were M-269. (Iberia, France). Prior to that they must have come into Western Europe from Anatolia. They must have been Celtic speakers. For more information on various R1b subclades See this paper “A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe. Authors Natalie Myers, Peter Underhill”
The Bell Beaker Culture are Celtic peoples, in Britain called the BBC, they did not originate in the Pontiac Steppes, although some might have arrived there at some stage, looking at the graph, they originated in Western Europe, most likely Iberia & France, and spread throughout Europe from there, including Russia. The Bell Beaker Celtic Speakers, where known throughout the lands as having the Big Bell Ends, as opposed to the Pontiac Steppes peoples who were called the Yamanaya Bell Heads. I couldn't remember their names, but their face rings a bell.
Chronology R1b is Yamnaya in steepe Pontica 6000 years ago Theys arrived to West Europe, finished in Britain, 4000 years ago, theys are celts Others R1b, equally arrived in the north and south before when farmers mixed with HG
@@angelmoreno6577 to assert Yamnaya came into Britain (and replaced or dominated population there) you have to look up which subclade of R1b they were, and then look up which subclade the British are, and then see if British subclade is descendent of Yamanaya subclade. I have looked and found out that R1b-m269 (the British subclade) has not descended from Yamanaya subclades. Therefore yamnaya did not populate British isles.
Well, where the hell do I come from, because I'm Spanish with RM269 and I don't understand myself. On the one hand I get Iberian, Italian, Irish, Central European and Baltic or Finnish ancestry in modern DNA and on the other hand I get Western Paleolithic hunter gatherer, Anatolian Neolithic, Eastern European steppe shepherd and Neanderthal in ancient DNA.
Good question, thanks. I'm not sure but I was thinking along similar lines myself when I was researching this one. Maybe there is a future video around that general topic but I will need to do more research. I would be interested to hear others thoughts on this and any good sources
This video seems rather oversimplified. The Bell Beaker culture originated in Iberia around 2800 BC, long before steppe-descended people showed up there. They then proceeded to spread throughout western Europe and into central Europe as the non-Indo-European "Maritime Bell-Beaker" people, where they ran into the expanding Indo-Europeans, who adopted their technology and spread westward even more quickly as the Indo-European "Continental Bell-Beaker" people. Two different population groups, with very different genetic ancestries, sharing a very similar archaeological culture.
🙅 *Culture is often now being put aside and instead people are using terms like... " Originally considered a ‘culture’, in recent years the Bell Beaker phase has instead been referred to as a ‘Complex’ or ‘Phenomenon’ due to the wide range of variations seen in the design of the artefacts it produced. While the pottery always retains its distinctive ‘beaker’ shape, the patterns with which the vessels are decorated can differ greatly." - The Past _ The comprehensive website for archaeology, history, heritage and the ancient world: Prehistoric pop culture: deciphering the DNA of the Bell Beaker Complex
Do your DNA if you can - you will be hopefully very surprised. I did together with my wife. Funny enough - the "Geanology" of our both families were.....fairy tales. There was a lot of DNA from other part of the world with no explanation. Really worth it!
So basically Bell Beakers came from the East bring Steppe and R1b with them. They did not originate in Iberia. The Bell Beakers that came to Britain and Ireland were R1b-L21. The ones that went to Iberia were R1B-DF27. Different subclade. The ones that came into Ireland and Britain were closely related to Dutch Bell Beakers. They crossed over from the Netherlands to Britain and from Britain into Ireland.
@@jackieblue1267 The oldest artifacts found from the bell beaker culture were found in the Iberian Peninsula, more specifically in Portugal. This proves that this crop originates from the Iberian Peninsula and not from the steppes...
@@adoniscortereal2666 That's because you are mixing up two distinct populations. The problem is that they should be called different names. The older Bell Beaker culture from Iberia were Neolithic farmers and had no Steppe and no R1b. The Bell Beakers with R1b and Steppe are just off-shoots of Corded Ware. That is where the confusion arises.
@jackieblue1267 really? The iberian bbc had neolithic but also, perhaps older or via a different route steppe ancestry, hence a different mix with locals en route
Genetic tests would seem to say that throughout Europe before the Indo-Europeans there were these Neolithic farmers of Anatolian origin. However, it is not clear to me why in Europe, for populations that have cohabited here for millennia, archaeological evidence is little, I dare say, non-existent. I don't rule out that some Neolithic branches arrived in Europe, but I don't think they were relevant from a genetic point of view. Neolithic villages have been found in massifs along the banks of the Danube, as the Gimbutas, Vinca culture had already discovered. Let's not forget that a genetic study from 2007 "Mitochondrial DNA variation of modern Tuscans supports the near external origin of Etruscans" which demonstrated the hypothesis of Anatolian origin of the Etruscans, was supplanted by the latest studies from 2021 in which it is clearly demonstrated after a debate that It lasted for more than 2000 years that the Etruscans were related to the other Indo-Europeans. So I expect that more complete genetic studies will at least supplant this "Neolithic myth" which still seems dominant.
Pre-proto-celts, but much of the language, mythology, culture, metallurgy, genetics etc were in place already with their Corded Ware Culture ancestors.
My opinion; According to new findings and published articles, the first Yamnaya people; It emerged in the south of the Caucasus and was determined to be phenotypically brown-eyed, medium-brown skinned, and brown-black haired. In fact, the phenotypes of these people when they moved to the north of the Black Sea and today should be like this. Just like in Bronze Age Europe, an equestrian steppe-steppe society, which is very likely to be of East European+Asian+Siberian origin, was the dominant society in the Ukraine-Crimea region for a long time. The people, who are said to belong to the Indo-European language family (Yamnaya Culture), came to this region as invaders and encountered the steppe people. In the following process, Indo-Europeans actually assimilated genetically, but they managed to partially preserve their language. Because blue eyes and blonde red hair are genetic characteristics of people from permanent snow regions such as Siberia.
People who have lived for thousands of years near the arctic and are kind of dark-haired black. and dark eyes like the Eskimos, that is, not everything that originates from the icy lands is white
Bell Beaker is too early to be Proto-Celtic, a better identification for the late Beaker language would be something like Italo-Celto-Germanic It's also very unlikely that Semitic languages were in Neolithic Europe
Very intresting. But is there any chance of you speaking slower, listening to this is like listening to a runaway train. I can't even keep up with the transcript running. 😢😢😢😢
It is becoming quite tedious to hear about this or that event “changed history.” Every event was and is a part of the continuous change that is “history.”
I have a book I purchased when I was 14. VIsited Stonehenge (you could still touch the stones). The bòk declares that it was the Beaker people built them, Avebury as weĺl, and likely Woodhenge.
It was the farmer folk whose ancestors first began migrating out of Anatolia who are said to have built most of the early stone structures throughout Europe such as stone henge. Though we are predominantly derived from step ancestry on the male side our female lineages are still mostly farmer derived. We are good mixture of farmer and step ancestry with a smaller component of WGH as well. Im speaking as an Caucasian of who descends almost entirely English and Scottish colonist's to the United States. Though my surname comes from England I am more Scottish genetically DNA wise. I read a lot on both history and DNA and thought it was considered common knowledge that stone henge was built by the earlier farmer people they predate the step peoples in most of Europe or did I miss some new research on the subject?. The book you mentioned as your source for this information seems a bit outdated with current research being a lot has changed since then unless you are 15 or 16 years old as you stated you were 14 when you bought the book. May I ask the name of the book as I would be interested in reading it
The audio track is speeded up on many YT videos. Tap the Settings Icon ⚙️ to access playback speed options and several other useful controls. The settings icon looks like a gear wheel and is found at the top right of the screen.
I'm betting the Beaker Culture came from the Scythians, then. After they broke up the five tribes, they spread out East and West. However, the map indicates the highest percentage of the descendants to be centered around the British Isles. I would expect this, if the culture was centered there. Why is it considered a bloodline associated with the Steppes? This looks like a radiation out from the British not the other way around.
Good question, I had a similar thought, and I will need to do more research. Pretty much all the academic literature connects it to the Steppe, particularly to the Yamnaya culture which has the same haplogroup. Off the top of my head, one theory I have is that there was a migration into Iberia of steppe people and that's why the Beaker culture originated in Iberia. We know that the culture spread into Britain and Ireland from a migration, but the culture spread into other parts of western and central Europe mostly through cultural transmission rather than a migration, hence the smaller genetic footprint. There may also be elements around population sizes in different areas which lessened the impact. I will need to do more research though. Thanks.
Early Scythians originated in Siberia as an amalgamation of steppe and Paleo-Siberian populations. The first notable was the Tagar culture 800 BC. on average 80/20% of west-east Eurasian origin. Then they invaded Europe.
@Leontemplar-yt6ff "Iranian stock" are a near-eastern arabic populations. And here, at best, "Iranic" spoke the pra-proto-language. There is no special relationship here.
@Leontemplar-yt6ffI have no problem with Britannica. Pastoralists were in Siberia long before the existence of bell beaker. 3700-2500 BC 1:12. In at least half of the pedigree, the Scythians already had proto-europoid anthropology.
Another youtuber's studies show that most of R1a, R1b ydna were mostly with brown/hazel eye, darker olive skin tone, brown/black hairs. Moreover, I ydna & U mtdna globular amphora, gravettian cultures have blue eyes, white skin, blonde hairs. Otherwise, indian, southwest asian, central asian, siberian people should have blonde hairs and blue eyes, right?
Absolutely unintelligible. Not only is the accent too damned thick for narration, the speed of his read is comical. Impossible to keep up even if I could cut through his accent. Too bad it’s a great topic.
Bell beaker, they are slavs but still celtic. The scithians (yamnaya) were,, civilised,, by the getae wich are the oldest celts, thracians. The getae made the R1b steppe people into celts. They influenced their coulture. Just 3 skeletons is not enough to say they replaced 90% of the natives. Yamnaya steppe people got run over and civilised by the getae( thracians, first celts). Scythians are the Yamnaya and if you look on the map you will see the getae didnt stopped until The Gange in India😂. The massagetae even killed the founder of the First Persian Empire, Cyrus the Great and thats how the proto indoeuropean language of the getae got into Persia. Thats how jaats in India got to have R1b and I2 haplogroups. So your all of getae ancestry and thracian coulture. The language you speak is made from the getae language wich is romanian( the proto indoeuropean from wich the sanscrit evolved). And the most badass steppe people are not the Yamnaya but the Massagetae that killed Cyrus the Great, got deep into India and into Persia. Queen Tomiris.
Friendly criticism - if you're going to show a paragraph of text on screen, don't read it all out word-for-word, because your viewers can read it silently much faster than you can read it loud, so we then have to wait for you to catch up. Summarise or highlight the key points instead.
No, i like to hear it. I listen and read it along with the subtitled text. Watch for instance Jimmy Dore and Sabby Sabs. Engelse is not my first language. And i like all sorts of different tongues and dialects. It is nice to become familiar with all these regional differences in spoken language.
Use the Settings to choose a slower playback speed. I do not know the reason for artificially speeding up the narration in so many YT videos; but it is easy to change. I find 0.75 speed to be closest to conversational human speech.
I believe that is a Glasgow accent. It takes me a while to tune in to it. Try clicking on the "cc" option for subtitles. I think the R1b boys had a bad habit of forming young wolfpacks & kidnapping all the potential brides they could catch.
Your information doesn't make sense. If they came from the Steppes, did someone come along and eliminate the bloodline to the West, which is why they migrated? Give me more information.
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
Please let me know your thoughts below... Thanks for watching.
Interesting stuff! One thing I'm wondering: weren't the original hunter-gatherer populations of the UK darker skinned and BLUE eyed? I thought it was the the steppe people who brought the lighter skin but not blue eyes. Or perhaps by that time the genetics for blue eyes had spread among steppe people.
@@paul6925 That was another political sh¡t just to say Europeans are not native to Europe but blacks, so Europeans must """return""" Europe to non-whites. The Cheddar-Man was proven as a hoax.
@@paul6925 Good question. The original hunter-gatherers (Cheddar Man etc.) are thought to have had blue eyes I think, but that research is a bit controversial. After these though, you have the first farmers reaching Britain about 4,000 BC that were originally from the Anatolian area, and may have had darker eyes. Then the Bell Beakers started coming about 2,500 BC. I will need to do more research on that but that's my initial thoughts off the top of my head. There's the first farmers between the early hunter-gatherers and the Bell Beakers. Thanks for the question though.
The Haplogroup 4:49 R1b-M269 is also present in large proportion in the central Romania. The majority of the highlanders of Transylvania, in Alba County (including all my male relatives) have this haplogroup. People in this area are having medium stature, very white skin, brown hair (with a significant minority of blond and no black haired), half of them are having brown eyes and half light eyes (blue or green) and no black eyes.
@@celtichistorydecoded No problem! Yes it's getting more complicated the more we learn about it. Cheers
That was excellent,thanks,,also they gave us milk tolerance,the wheel,domestication of horse,and sheet metal teck which they made trumpets and couldrens with
Why blue eyes? Transcript please, your English is difficult to follow beside you spear so fast! Thank you.
Always glad to see a new presentation on the Beaker folk.
Thanks
Thank you for another interesting presentation!
Thank you
As an English person I can assure all critics that his accent is normal and his diction perfect.
Still dont understand. He should work at the local veg market instead of making videos
As a Swede ... I love his accent.
For a Jock!
He’s a Scot.
Lol
I like your presentation. Very straight forward.
Fascinating as usual. Thanks for all the research and hard work you put in 🙏
Thank you
Great video as usual.
Thank you
I love your accent. Ha ha, after years of training and trying not to pronounce the vibrated/rolled letter R (voiced alveolar trill) that we native Latin language speakers emit, I see a native English speaker vibrating/rolling the R more than I do
Irish, Scots and Welsh roll Rs more than the English.
Thanks interesting informative cheers to you I would love to buy some coffee for you you doing a good service for science and people that is thankful cheers
Thanks
Excellent informative videos. Thank you ❤
Thank you
As always, thank you for the lesson. It seems to me that the Bell Beeker people and the Corded Ware people may have a common ancestry.
I understand most British Isles DNA today is Bell Beaker.
100% of Mesolithic Western Hunter-gatherer remains investigated had alleles for pale eye-colour, so non-brown eyes had a very long history in western Europe, predating people associated with the Beaker Complex by thousands of years.
Thanks. A few people have said this but in between the early hunter gatherers and the Bell Beaker people, there is the first farmers who were more connected to the Anatolian area.
@@celtichistorydecoded The steppe pastoralists ancestral to the 'Rhineland' Bell Beaker People probably picked up what pale eye alleles they eventually absorbed, from peoples with some WHG ancestry in North/Central Europe, so the origins of this feature were largely from WHG anyway. It was hardly a new feature in the British Isles as some native WHG groups had merged with Neolithic farmers in Britain. Replacing one group with some pale eye alleles with another group also with some pale eye alleles isn't a very noteworthy event. The fact that the Bell Beaker People introduced steppe ancestry to the British Isles is significant, though.
Bet you don't have a source for this claim.
In the west of Ireland particularly are people with very black hair and blue eyes, known as "black Irish". Lots of stories about their background including the wrecks of Spanish armada which is obviously not the basis but ironicly has some truth in connection with bell beakers from iberia who had a greater mix of neolithic and steppe ancestry
Forgot to add and with pale skin. Obviously WHG had dark skin and neolithic swarthy
Thanks for this very good presentation. I think that some of the Celts may come from BB people.
In my father's line I come from the Celtic Eburone (R1b1a1b1a1 etc.). On my mother's side I am H5a-152. My mother's line was matrilenary 400 years ago (now Duisburg). Men who married were given the name of their wife's mother. I can't find anything about the importance of women in Hallstatt and later Celtic cultures.
Can I ask you what DNA test you did?
Women were carriers and law givers (judges) in Celtic culture. Ireland has a very rich preserve of Celtic cultural traditions and practices in it literature. Unfortunately much has been lost in Britain, particularly in England where the incoming AngloSaxon culture eradicated much of the history.
I always thought that some people from the Iberian-Peninsula specifically to those from Northern-Spain look sometimes like they have some Scottish or ancient celtic ancestry. I know that Portugal has it, but Northern-Spain genetics still prevail in that area until today.
Picts are not Celts
Not r1b
northern Portugal is the same as Galicia
Some archaeologists say that the study does not prove the scale of the British Beaker invasion, but agree that it is a major work that typifies how huge ancient-DNA studies are disrupting archaeology. It’s “ground-breaking”, says Benjamin Roberts, an archaeologist at Durham University, UK.
The variety of Beaker artefacts makes it hard to define them as emerging from one distinctive culture: many researchers prefer to call their spread the ‘Bell Beaker phenomenon’, says Marc Vander Linden, an archaeologist at University College London. The distinctive pots, possibly used as drinking vessels, are nearly ubiquitous; flint arrowheads, copper daggers and stone wrist guards are common, too. But there are regional differences in ceramics and burial style. And the immense, yet discontinuous, geographical range of Beaker sites - from Scandinavia to Morocco, and Ireland to Hungary - has sown more confusion. After a few hundred years, the pots vanish from the record.
Reich’s team calculates that Britain saw a greater than 90% shift in its genetic make-up.
But Roberts says he 'doesn’t see evidence' for such a huge shift in the archaeological record. The rise of cremation in Bronze Age Britain could have biased the finding, he cautions, because it might have eliminated bones that could have been sampled for DNA. Although archaeologists are excited to see ancient DNA yield breakthroughs in problems that have vexed their field for decades, says Linden, he expects some push back against the latest study’s conclusions. “It’s not at all the end of the story.”
It would be interesting to learn when and how our specific phenotypes developed from the first Homo sapiens copies.
I think, as you stated, its important to emphasise that anthropological ethno-DNA science is in its infancy, as we are as yet making very general interpretations based on statistically insignificant numbers of examples. One of the big unanswered questions of the prehistoric period is 'Where did all the bodies go ?'
There's a lot of people that respond to archaic history channels thinking they've got some sort of definitive ethnic/cultural bloodline from a swab test by companies that give wooly nebulous definitions of an individuals ancestry, without clarifying historical timescales, or that some DNA hangs around for a long time, whereas some 'washes' away fairly quickly even between living descendants and we don't know why. We all carry around bits of junk DNA that is totally recessive and will never effect our bodies, even down to the bacterial level. Some people (not all) read absolutes into these nebulous results because the numbers add up to 100% (lies, damned lies and statistics). We all know where genetic absolutes lead.
They know genetics from the beginning of the 20 century
@@veronicalogotheti1162 Genetic theory has been around for a lot longer than that but unravelling the human genome is relatively new and the number of ancient bodies found is still infinitesimally small and good DNA from them is still not large, although getting scientifically better.
@@iainmc9859 Scientists admitted they could not determine cheddar mans skin colour from his 10,000 year old bones, yet they say he is black, with blue eye gene, go figure!
Less tense on the last words of a sentence end. The sing song accent doesn’t work for me but I watch because you do good work.
If you go Ancient Architects and have a listen to Mat...there are times I have to stop and go back later...but like this chap he has some very interesting videos 😁🌠
If you find the commentary too fast you can slow it down in the settings
The image you showed at 4:45 seems to have a brachycephaly type skull, at 8:50 the skull appears to be dolichocephaly type skull. Are these both the same images taken in different light?
Well, where the hell do I come from, because I'm Spanish with RM269 and I don't understand myself. On the one hand I get Iberian, Italian, Irish, Central European and Baltic or Finnish ancestry in modern DNA and on the other hand I get Western Paleolithic hunter gatherer, Anatolian Neolithic, Eastern European steppe shepherd and Neanderthal in ancient DNA.
Pues pareces ser un buen ejemplo de europeo moderno, con antepasados de variadas regiones y algún viajero del este
Bonito genotipo, cómo es tu fenotipo? Y grupo sanguíneo?
Bitxòloga curiosa 🙋🏻♀️
@@MarinaMontserrat
Grupo sanguineo: 0+
Mi Fenotipo Mediterraneo: 1,75 ; pelo moreno y ojos marrones claros ; nariz recta, piel morena clara. Y como tengo 68 años pues barba blanca y canas en el pelo.
@@micupedro 🤗 gracias por responder
@@micupedro PANONIO ILLIRYAB = THRACIAN CELTAS FORGET ABOUT STEEPE BULSHIT , BEL BEAKERS WERE ATLANTIC MEDITERRANEAN 65%
I suppose the gentic branch of Anatolian neolithic farmers support the Geoffrey of Monmouths writings that the UK had an influx of migrants from Troy about 500BC while Wilson and Blacket suggest that ancient texts indicate an earlier migration from the Levant around 1500BC the earlier influx bringing mining technology which created the Tin mining of Cornwall and the copper mining in Wales and the subsequent trade with the Phonecians who seem also to be colonys of the Levant peoples.
You quote a 2015 study for Irish DNA. In a very fast developing field -- which had only started in 2015 -- that is very old data. The steppe ancestry is much more than a third.
2:55 This misconceptions about Yamanaya having populated British isles is due to not being careful about granularity of R1b subclades. Had Yamanaya replaced population in British isles, R1b-L23 or R1b-Z2103 would be common haplogroup there.
R1b-M269 was not common in Pontic Steppe, also not in Yamanaya.
Y haplogroups R1b-Z2103 , R1b-L23, R1b-M73 are Yamanaya. These lineages did not descend from R1b-M269, neither did R1b-M269 descend from various
Yamanaya R1b subclades.
R1b-M269 came into British isles from nearby Europe, - as you mentioned 5:00 - bell beaker culture which were M-269. (Iberia, France). Prior to that they must have come into Western Europe from Anatolia. They must have been Celtic speakers.
For more information on various R1b subclades See this paper “A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe. Authors Natalie Myers, Peter Underhill”
The Bell Beaker Culture are Celtic peoples, in Britain called the BBC, they did not originate in the Pontiac Steppes,
although some might have arrived there at some stage, looking at the graph, they originated in Western Europe,
most likely Iberia & France, and spread throughout Europe from there, including Russia. The Bell Beaker Celtic
Speakers, where known throughout the lands as having the Big Bell Ends, as opposed to the Pontiac Steppes
peoples who were called the Yamanaya Bell Heads. I couldn't remember their names, but their face rings a bell.
Chronology R1b is Yamnaya in steepe Pontica 6000 years ago
Theys arrived to West Europe, finished in Britain, 4000 years ago, theys are celts
Others R1b, equally arrived in the north and south before when farmers mixed with HG
@@angelmoreno6577 to assert Yamnaya came into Britain (and replaced or dominated population there) you have to look up which subclade of R1b they were, and then look up which subclade the British are, and then see if
British subclade is descendent of Yamanaya subclade.
I have looked and found out that R1b-m269 (the British subclade) has not descended from Yamanaya subclades. Therefore yamnaya did not populate British isles.
Well, where the hell do I come from, because I'm Spanish with RM269 and I don't understand myself. On the one hand I get Iberian, Italian, Irish, Central European and Baltic or Finnish ancestry in modern DNA and on the other hand I get Western Paleolithic hunter gatherer, Anatolian Neolithic, Eastern European steppe shepherd and Neanderthal in ancient DNA.
I think you're a bit confused, R-Z2103 and R-L51 (the subclade found in Western Europeans) derive from R-L23, which derives from R-M269
A little off topic but did the steppe people have a hand in Stonehenge 3 the final phase?
The archer seems to allow this as a possibility.
Good question, thanks. I'm not sure but I was thinking along similar lines myself when I was researching this one. Maybe there is a future video around that general topic but I will need to do more research. I would be interested to hear others thoughts on this and any good sources
According to Gedmatch calculators I am very much Bell Beaker man from Czechia :)
These are excellent videos, but pleas speak slower for those of us for whom your accent is difficult to follow. Thaks.
Lovely accent, I use subtitles, ofc
This video seems rather oversimplified. The Bell Beaker culture originated in Iberia around 2800 BC, long before steppe-descended people showed up there. They then proceeded to spread throughout western Europe and into central Europe as the non-Indo-European "Maritime Bell-Beaker" people, where they ran into the expanding Indo-Europeans, who adopted their technology and spread westward even more quickly as the Indo-European "Continental Bell-Beaker" people.
Two different population groups, with very different genetic ancestries, sharing a very similar archaeological culture.
🙅
*Culture is often now being put aside and instead people are using terms like...
"
Originally considered a ‘culture’, in recent years the Bell Beaker phase has instead been referred to as a ‘Complex’ or ‘Phenomenon’ due to the wide range of variations seen in the design of the artefacts it produced. While the pottery always retains its distinctive ‘beaker’ shape, the patterns with which the vessels are decorated can differ greatly."
-
The Past _ The comprehensive website for archaeology, history, heritage and the ancient world:
Prehistoric pop culture: deciphering the DNA of the Bell Beaker Complex
Also my grandmother did geanology for 40 years and my English goes to the Kings and the Spanish Princess!
Do your DNA if you can - you will be hopefully very surprised. I did together with my wife. Funny enough - the "Geanology" of our both families were.....fairy tales. There was a lot of DNA from other part of the world with no explanation. Really worth it!
I have Viking, English and definetly Irish, Family of the Campbells!
Campbell is a Scottish name
“Viking” isn’t a race of people you know that right ?
I’ll hit the bell, beaker.
I find a bit hard to understa d your English. Sorry. Do you come from the Highlands??
He sounds like Glasgow
So basically Bell Beakers came from the East bring Steppe and R1b with them. They did not originate in Iberia. The Bell Beakers that came to Britain and Ireland were R1b-L21. The ones that went to Iberia were R1B-DF27. Different subclade. The ones that came into Ireland and Britain were closely related to Dutch Bell Beakers. They crossed over from the Netherlands to Britain and from Britain into Ireland.
No...
@@adoniscortereal2666 It is 100% accurate. Read the study The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe
@@jackieblue1267 The oldest artifacts found from the bell beaker culture were found in the Iberian Peninsula, more specifically in Portugal. This proves that this crop originates from the Iberian Peninsula and not from the steppes...
@@adoniscortereal2666 That's because you are mixing up two distinct populations. The problem is that they should be called different names. The older Bell Beaker culture from Iberia were Neolithic farmers and had no Steppe and no R1b. The Bell Beakers with R1b and Steppe are just off-shoots of Corded Ware. That is where the confusion arises.
@jackieblue1267 really? The
iberian bbc had neolithic but also, perhaps older or via a different route steppe ancestry, hence a different mix with locals en route
Genetic tests would seem to say that throughout Europe before the Indo-Europeans there were these Neolithic farmers of Anatolian origin. However, it is not clear to me why in Europe, for populations that have cohabited here for millennia, archaeological evidence is little, I dare say, non-existent. I don't rule out that some Neolithic branches arrived in Europe, but I don't think they were relevant from a genetic point of view. Neolithic villages have been found in massifs along the banks of the Danube, as the Gimbutas, Vinca culture had already discovered. Let's not forget that a genetic study from 2007 "Mitochondrial DNA variation of modern Tuscans supports the near external origin of Etruscans" which demonstrated the hypothesis of Anatolian origin of the Etruscans, was supplanted by the latest studies from 2021 in which it is clearly demonstrated after a debate that It lasted for more than 2000 years that the Etruscans were related to the other Indo-Europeans. So I expect that more complete genetic studies will at least supplant this "Neolithic myth" which still seems dominant.
They were celts
Still are many in spain
No they weren't....Bell beaker was way before the Celts
@@Jordi_Llopis_i_Torregrosa96 Maybe they become the Celts?
Pre-proto-celts, but much of the language, mythology, culture, metallurgy, genetics etc were in place already with their Corded Ware Culture ancestors.
My opinion;
According to new findings and published articles, the first Yamnaya people; It emerged in the south of the Caucasus and was determined to be phenotypically brown-eyed, medium-brown skinned, and brown-black haired. In fact, the phenotypes of these people when they moved to the north of the Black Sea and today should be like this.
Just like in Bronze Age Europe, an equestrian steppe-steppe society, which is very likely to be of East European+Asian+Siberian origin, was the dominant society in the Ukraine-Crimea region for a long time.
The people, who are said to belong to the Indo-European language family (Yamnaya Culture), came to this region as invaders and encountered the steppe people.
In the following process, Indo-Europeans actually assimilated genetically, but they managed to partially preserve their language.
Because blue eyes and blonde red hair are genetic characteristics of people from permanent snow regions such as Siberia.
People who have lived for thousands of years near the arctic and are kind of dark-haired black. and dark eyes like the Eskimos, that is, not everything that originates from the icy lands is white
These were the Proto-Celtic people. The Semitic language features of the Neolithic menhir builders left on imprint on Celtic languages.
Bell Beaker is too early to be Proto-Celtic, a better identification for the late Beaker language would be something like Italo-Celto-Germanic
It's also very unlikely that Semitic languages were in Neolithic Europe
The bell Beaker culture its origin should be compared with a map of Europe that is about 30-40 thousand years old.
I was born in the bell beaker era and this video is accurate
Good one 😅 I hope you met bell beaker yourself?
Very intresting. But is there any chance of you speaking slower, listening to this is like listening to a runaway train.
I can't even keep up with the transcript running. 😢😢😢😢
It is becoming quite tedious to hear about this or that event “changed history.” Every event was and is a part of the continuous change that is “history.”
M269 here and then on down to cts241
I have a book I purchased when I was 14. VIsited Stonehenge (you could still touch the stones). The bòk declares that it was the Beaker people built them, Avebury as weĺl, and likely Woodhenge.
Fascinating, thank you.
It was the farmer folk whose ancestors first began migrating out of Anatolia who are said to have built most of the early stone structures throughout Europe such as stone henge. Though we are predominantly derived from step ancestry on the male side our female lineages are still mostly farmer derived. We are good mixture of farmer and step ancestry with a smaller component of WGH as well. Im speaking as an Caucasian of who descends almost entirely English and Scottish colonist's to the United States. Though my surname comes from England I am more Scottish genetically DNA wise.
I read a lot on both history and DNA and thought it was considered common knowledge that stone henge was built by the earlier farmer people they predate the step peoples in most of Europe or did I miss some new research on the subject?. The book you mentioned as your source for this information seems a bit outdated with current research being a lot has changed since then unless you are 15 or 16 years old as you stated you were 14 when you bought the book. May I ask the name of the book as I would be interested in reading it
I am a Span ish/Vikings
You've got it the wrong way around,it 2as spread from Britain,not the way you say.
Sorry, your pronunciation is hard to understand by a foreigner.
Hit the CC button for captions
The audio track is speeded up on many YT videos. Tap the Settings Icon ⚙️ to access playback speed options and several other useful controls.
The settings icon looks like a gear wheel and is found at the top right of the screen.
@@celtichistorydecodedThe viewer can use the Settings ⚙️ to choose a slower playback speed. I find the 0.75 soeed is closest to normal human speech.
He seems to be in a big hurry to get his data out!
Burgerler Alarm 😂
R-DF21
I'm betting the Beaker Culture came from the Scythians, then. After they broke up the five tribes, they spread out East and West.
However, the map indicates the highest percentage of the descendants to be centered around the British Isles. I would expect this, if the culture was centered there. Why is it considered a bloodline associated with the Steppes? This looks like a radiation out from the British not the other way around.
Good question, I had a similar thought, and I will need to do more research. Pretty much all the academic literature connects it to the Steppe, particularly to the Yamnaya culture which has the same haplogroup. Off the top of my head, one theory I have is that there was a migration into Iberia of steppe people and that's why the Beaker culture originated in Iberia. We know that the culture spread into Britain and Ireland from a migration, but the culture spread into other parts of western and central Europe mostly through cultural transmission rather than a migration, hence the smaller genetic footprint. There may also be elements around population sizes in different areas which lessened the impact. I will need to do more research though. Thanks.
Early Scythians originated in Siberia as an amalgamation of steppe and Paleo-Siberian populations. The first notable was the Tagar culture 800 BC. on average 80/20% of west-east Eurasian origin. Then they invaded Europe.
@Leontemplar-yt6ff "Iranian stock" are a near-eastern arabic populations. And here, at best, "Iranic" spoke the pra-proto-language. There is no special relationship here.
@Leontemplar-yt6ff I did not say that the dates aligh with the Bell Beaker. I said that the Scyths shared a common ancestry with Euro, not Persians.
@Leontemplar-yt6ffI have no problem with Britannica. Pastoralists were in Siberia long before the existence of bell beaker. 3700-2500 BC 1:12. In at least half of the pedigree, the Scythians already had proto-europoid anthropology.
Dont understand.
Another youtuber's studies show that most of R1a, R1b ydna were mostly with brown/hazel eye, darker olive skin tone, brown/black hairs.
Moreover, I ydna & U mtdna globular amphora, gravettian cultures have blue eyes, white skin, blonde hairs.
Otherwise, indian, southwest asian, central asian, siberian people should have blonde hairs and blue eyes, right?
Unetice = Oon-eh-titsa
Absolutely unintelligible. Not only is the accent too damned thick for narration, the speed of his read is comical. Impossible to keep up even if I could cut through his accent. Too bad it’s a great topic.
First 🖐🏻🗿
Bell beaker, they are slavs but still celtic. The scithians (yamnaya) were,, civilised,, by the getae wich are the oldest celts, thracians.
The getae made the R1b steppe people into celts. They influenced their coulture.
Just 3 skeletons is not enough to say they replaced 90% of the natives.
Yamnaya steppe people got run over and civilised by the getae( thracians, first celts).
Scythians are the Yamnaya and if you look on the map you will see the getae didnt stopped until The Gange in India😂.
The massagetae even killed the founder of the First Persian Empire, Cyrus the Great and thats how the proto indoeuropean language of the getae got into Persia.
Thats how jaats in India got to have R1b and I2 haplogroups.
So your all of getae ancestry and thracian coulture.
The language you speak is made from the getae language wich is romanian( the proto indoeuropean from wich the sanscrit evolved).
And the most badass steppe people are not the Yamnaya but the Massagetae that killed Cyrus the Great, got deep into India and into Persia.
Queen Tomiris.
Friendly criticism - if you're going to show a paragraph of text on screen, don't read it all out word-for-word, because your viewers can read it silently much faster than you can read it loud, so we then have to wait for you to catch up. Summarise or highlight the key points instead.
No, i like to hear it. I listen and read it along with the subtitled text. Watch for instance Jimmy Dore and Sabby Sabs. Engelse is not my first language. And i like all sorts of different tongues and dialects. It is nice to become familiar with all these regional differences in spoken language.
From a human ethological perspective, a new wave of human males appears to be occurring, taking the place of previous male lines in Europe.
I think they came from india
Fast speaking Scotsman, translator please.
Use the Settings to choose a slower playback speed. I do not know the reason for artificially speeding up the narration in so many YT videos; but it is easy to change. I find 0.75 speed to be closest to conversational human speech.
I believe that is a Glasgow accent. It takes me a while to tune in to it. Try clicking on the "cc" option for subtitles. I think the R1b boys had a bad habit of forming young wolfpacks & kidnapping all the potential brides they could catch.
But what about the "Out of Africa" theory?
Debunked several times.
Wrong vid mate
Homo Sapiens (modern humans) came out of Africa, that was long long before the topic of this video.
@nosotrosloslobosestamosreg4115 where did humanity start from?
@@nosotrosloslobosestamosreg4115 Only in your confused mind!
Your information doesn't make sense. If they came from the Steppes, did someone come along and eliminate the bloodline to the West, which is why they migrated? Give me more information.
racist crap
How?
What are you on about?
R-L51 -R-Z225. Our paternal ancestors took Anatolian women and either outbred or slaughtered the Neolithic men.
Not genocide, in Iberia slow substitution of 4 Centurys, 2400BC to 2000 BC