The things I love the most about this video are the childlike wonder on the face of the scientist performing the nitrogen experiment and the excitement of his voice. There's a man who genuinely loves his job.
+Braindamage "regarde" he said. because "tu regardes " but with imparative form you write "regarde" without "s". "regardez " is for someone that's not your friend. but here, they are friend and you can heard "regarde" and not "regardez".
+Andréa et Valentin speed cubing My science teacher would speak in monotone, Oh, thats sort of interesting. BACK TO THE TEXT BOOK KIDS. WILLIAM TURN AROUND. THATS A PHONECALL HOME
...because they are not imparting their kinetic energy on the rest of the molecules and instead moved in a direction by random chance that allowed them to escape into the air.
ben patterson I was born in Québec, a French Canadian Province. My parents and everyone I knew were not bilingual. I learned English by myself by playing video games, watching videos and going onto online forums.
I love how the french guy was so enthusiastic and exited by something he has probably seen a few times. He is the kind of person that more people should be like, someone who genuinely loves what he does.
@@bluezz5002 The subs don't really mediate what he is actually saying. I got excited just listening to him being so excited, despite not even knowing any french
+Hologrampizza Quite possibly for the exact same reason explained in this video. Wow, your comment just got my mind racing and stuff I've read about Pluto suddenly made perfect sense... ooh, I'm all excited now.
Sometimes people say, that "If you're in to science, you know so much, that it takes wonder out of everything. When you understand things, they're not so magical anymore." These guys show, that when you understand a lot of things, you can do SO MUCH MORE and the magic is not lost.
no but i heard egyptians refrigerated water, even making ice, by putting straw on top (i think) and putting it where the wind would blow through and therefore evaporate it and since evaporation is endothermic it would cool it. in fact all changes of states of matter are endothermic or exothermic, if it goes to a higher energy state such as liquid from solid, or gas from liquid it is endothermic. if it goes to a lower energy state such as liquid from gas or solid from liquid it is exothermic
Firaro There is a little more to it. There is an inner and outer chamber that are concentric. The outer ring chamber has sand in it and the inner ring chamber has the area that will cool off. Water is poured in the outer chamber and the inner chambered is covered by straw so that it is insulated by the sun. As the water evaporates from the outer chamber it pulls heat from the inner chamber which cools it.
Sometimes people say, that "If you're in to science, you know so much, that it takes wonder out of everything. When you understand things, they're not so magical anymore." These guys show, that when you understand a lot of things, you can do SO MUCH MORE and the magic is not lost.
Since I've retired I've been trying to learn French. Reading is going quite well, but this it the actual first time that I have understood spoken French outside of the lessons on Duolingo. Just another reason to enjoy this episode. C'est magnifique !
Compulsive and Passionate Physics! A huge thank-you to Veritasium and collaborators for making this possible and sharing with us. I was scared the tube in the experiment might explode in the low temperatures. How about the physics of some more "Extreme Elements" like Phosphorous, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Caesium ...?? More! More! and More!
0:28 incorrect explanation: the water temperature decreases because the water goes to a higher energy state when it goes to gas phase. That physical reaction is endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat energy. That's why water on your stovetop won't heat past 100ºC: it is being cooled by the boiling, and that process sets it at an equilibrium.
ure answer is good but i think ure talkin in terms of energy he is talkin in terms of preassure........i dunno what im talkin aboot i suck at physicsXD
Alvin Akawijaya No, he said that the faster-moving molecules (implying the warmer molecules) are the ones that get out. They're all moving about the same speed, especially any right next to each other. The act of going to gas phase causes an individual molecule to absorb heat energy from other molecules around it.
TheReaverOfDarkness Reaver is correct. This is the fundamentals behind the operation of you're refrigerator, freezer, or A/C system, They evaporate a fluid under "low" pressure to absorb "heat" energy from there surroundings (eg. in you're fridge) and then condense the vapor back to fluid where the heat energy is dissipated or radiated (at the rear outside panel of you're fridge). This means as The Reaver is correct the video's explanation is miss-leading Also if you increase the pressure you raise the freezing point so using water as an example at one giga pascal (145038PSI) water will freeze at approx 20'c. so in theory under enough pressure nitrogen will do the same however the pressure required would be astronomical
There are two things causing this, first is the ideal gas law Pressure*Volume=N(amount of gas)*R(gas constant)*Temperature. When you keep the volume constant and reduce the pressure of a gas, the only thing that can change is the temperature, which decreases with a lower pressure and increases with higher pressure. Another good observation for the ideal gas law is to put a balloon in the freezer and see what happens to the size. The second thing in action here is the latent heat of fusion/vapor, water is a good example and the latent heat of fusion(energy required to convert 1 gram of water from solid to liquid) is 334 Joules. The latent heat of vapor for water requires 2230 Joules to convert 1 gram of liquid water to vapor/gas, and the opposite holds true, 1 gram of steam has to give off 2230 Joules to get back to liquid state and has to give off 334 Joules to get to solid state. So in this example if you put water in a vacuum and get it boiling at or below room temperature, the water that is going from liquid to gas is taking 2230 Joules/gram of energy from the rest of the water to do so. A quick side-note about Joules... just to put it in a better perspective as to how much energy it is. 1 watt is 1 Joule per second, assuming you have a 1000 watt microwave that transfers all 1000 watts to the object being cooked, it would take just over 4 seconds for the microwave to increase the temperature of a liter or kilogram water by 1 degree Celsius.
I am french and i was in this exact room something like 1 year ago, i'm amazed to see this video. I don't really remember but i think the teacher is the same. The whole presentation length is something like 30 minutes, sometimes the teacher throws some things on the ground, it seems like little rocks but it's nitrogen at very low temperature. This takes place in Palais de la Découverte, in paris, i recommend !
Great video!! I just want to point out one thing though. That was DEFINITELY NOT CO2 at the end. Instead it was from the solid nitrogen they made. My reasoning is as follows: 1. Dry ice (AKA frozen carbon dioxide) sinks. It does not float on water. If you are uncertain about this I'm sure there are probably heaps of RUclips videos showing it. [Frankly, this is all you need to know that wasn't dry ice] 2. Liquid carbon dioxide only occurs under containment, if it is open to the atmosphere it will instantly become gaseous, you would never just watch it bubble away 3. Dry ice in contact with cooled water would not sublimate into gas that fast, but when you watch the floating piece of [nitrogen] ice the gas is shooting off it 4. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air so the gas will 'pool' more than what you see in the video. instead the gas is shooting up and away more easily, it still is somewhat heavier than air but that is because the nitrogen is still so cold 5. Carbon dioxide makes up only around 400 parts per million in air. There's no way that enough carbon dioxide from the air came into contact with the water / liquid nitrogen bath to make a big lump like that. Especially when nitrogen gas is pouring outwardly from the bath and pushing away the air What we saw was due to the solid piece of nitrogen that was clearly floating in the liquid nitrogen before it got poured into the water bath. The warmth from the water half melted it but, as it bubbled away, it cooled more and more [just like the 'boiling resulting in cooling' explanation at the start of the video] until it became solid again [albeit now a much smaller piece]
i don't think so, it's true that solid co2 don't float, the difference in temperature help it float, it's a weird physic phenomenon, because the difference in temperature is so much, the solid co2 turn to gas incredible fast, so fast that it create a kinda of "rocket engine", push it self out Ps: i knew this because of a sci-fi movie used this phenomenon in battle
Long Nguyen You contradict yourself. Either a piece of dry ice that big floats or doesn't, and trust me it would not. Also, the water would obviously still be quite cool so the temperature difference would not be enough to make vapor release from dry ice so fast. I have spent plenty of time messing about with dry ice and I have never seen it shooting out like that. The only reason it shoots out so fast is because of the great temperature difference between the water and *solid nitrogen.* A MUCH greater difference than for cool water and dry ice.
"Either a piece of dry ice that big floats or doesn't, and trust me it would not." First of, no. If there was no leidenfrost effect messing the surface of the water, then it would float by sheer surface tension(the same way you can make a metallic coin rest on top of a water surface if you're stable enough balancing it). But there is a leidenfrost effect and that alone it enough to justify it floating. This is not a solid chunk of CO2, this is a thin sheet full of holes. "so the temperature difference would not be enough to make vapor release from dry ice so fast. " It is enough. Just look at the fog released. This thin sheet of liquid nitrogen has not much mass but a lot of surface to exchange heat.
true .. everybody thinks chemistry is going to be fun but then the bad teaching starts it's a pity because unlike other subjects you often have an eager audience. Just give them what they want
That was amazing, much better than the video title hinted at :-) I've only ever experienced -8C. These temps seem unimaginable to me. The CO2 dry ice, rock and geysers were all so awesome.
At our work, I think they work with the same stuff. Inside the fridges that they used to transport, some bags of solid nitrogen can be found. I remember sometimes for fun, picking the bag up, filling up the sink and then just put all that stuff in their. And suddenly, you have smoke everywhere. it's so fun xD
that got me on the edge of my seat in awe ! Although every matter has its different states, I never really thought about CO2 or liquid nitrogen in solid form! Let alone seeing it ... That was awesome...
I know so many people have said it already but it makes his seem even more enthusiastic to be able to understand it in both French and English it’s just generally cool to hear how excited he is about it and I hope to have that sort of enthusiasm in my life
That was really really amazing. Things I've never heard of or seen before. The joy the French man oozed of his love for science was palpable and infectious.
If I might make a suggestion that might save a few of your viewers' eyeballs or at the very least, a few frozen skin burns: Wear safety glasses. One little splashed drop of of liquid nitrogen can ruin an eyeball or cause a skin burn. Full face shield is preferable, but with liquid nitrogen, safety glasses are probably adequate.
Liquid nitrogen splashed most likely will not cause skin burns due to the Leidenfrost Effect.If you are fast you can dunk your hand into a vat of liquid nitrogen with no ill effects. But I have to agree with safety glasses, eyes are to valuable to take any risk.
imac8175 I think that's a foolish comment. It's not something that should be suggested. I omitted mentioning the need to wear safety glasses which you correctly advised as essential. When would you ever quickly dunk your hand into the container to place in or grab out a sample? How could you find it?
Huh, I didn't think about temperature. I thought he was going to increase the pressure, to force the nitrogen into a solid state. But he used a totally different method. Fascinating. Also this provides a good explanation if how refrigerators work.
The property of water ice to float is very unusually. Most other thing become more dense when frozen and sink. Water ice floats, which is very lucky. If water ice sank it would make life impossible.
Josh Carmack What makes you think it's part of a design? Is it impossible to you that it just happened? In a googal yeas 10 to the 100 years you may not think it is so nice. By then most of the protons will have decayed into gamma rays. The universe will be mostly nothing.
Seems like a great way to remove green house gasses from the atmosphere. Just place some liquid nitrogen at the end of a smoke stack and drain off the CO2 which can be later processed.
+CrafterBros0 Solid helium can't exist in 1 atmosphere pressure, it only exists in pressures greater than about 24 atmosphere pressures. It would be really hard to do.
I've seen those experiments in this exact room at the Palais de la Decouverte when I was a child ! Now I'm doing science in Australia and I remember that time, thanks Derek !!!
i think i want to see more experiments in french with english subtitles. for two birds with one stone. i think i was starting to understand what he was saying . glaceon seems to mean solid.
"The fastest molecules escape, leaving the slower ones behind." Wait wait wait wait wait wait.... Isn't this decrease in temperature happening because vaporization requires energy to break the molecular bonds. This energy is got from the external heat, which cools it down. Are both true?
its not molecular bonds, it's overcoming intermolecular interaction its not external heat, the energy is from internal energy which is why when the energy is used up in terms of energetic molecules escaping, the average movement of molecules decreases
RealationGames you are correct, its the latent heat being lost from the liquid into the gas phase. However, only the (randomly) fastest moving molecules will have enough energy to leave the liquid phase, so the explanation was simplified in this manner I believe.
+Robert Armstrong that was jusr a wild guess, but it's imo the only plausible explanation. water has a higher specific heat, meaning it takes lots more energy for it to change temperature than co2, but it IS rather strange that it didn't freeze, since the nitrogen was at -200
I don't think specific heat has anything to do with it. Carbon dioxide has a specific latent heat of fusion of 184 kJ/kg, while for water is 334 kj/kg. The difference isn't that large to make such a dramatic difference, I'd reckon.
+Haaris Jamil In my opinion it'd have to do with the low transfer rate and just the volume of nitrogen compared to water, which is exceedingly less. The amount of gas created might seem a lot but the actual volume of liquid/solid nitrogen is very low.
Because the nitrogen evaporates to quickly. Think of the way water droplets float over a red hot pan. In this casee water is so hot that the Nitrogen cant even touch it. Same for the CO2, it's not floating it's hovering.
BabyBlueFord Josh Carmack its also the same thing that let the mythbusters dip their hand in molten lead without getting burned to buggery (but i wouldnt recommend anyone try to replicate this themselves)
^no. They are reducing the pressure. When you take the pressure off the liquid, the molecules are more free to move. This movement also frees them from their liquid bond, thus, boiling occurs. Boiling removes heat from the liquid.
tomthepom98 that is wrong. They are reducing the pressure (they said it), lowering the ebulition point, making water boil at 30ºC. Same with the nitrogen but it would probably boil either way. the thing is (Indra Ida Bagus i think this answers your question too), when they reduce the pressure more nitrogen molecules will turn to gas. This will take eneygy (heat) away from the liquid, reducing it's temperature. So, if it boils and loses energy, its temperature will drop down to the point where it freezes. This is called the triple point, where the 3 phases (gas, liquid and solid) exist at the same temperature and pressure.
Ptdr tes un vrai boloss toi à faire genre que tu parle Français xD Tu sait ni parler Français, ni parler Anglais. (He dosen't know how to speak french nor english)
ToxicPhenix So he is wearing a Vancouver Whitecaps jersey which suggests he is a fan of them. They are a soccer team and Vancouver is the capital of British Columbia which is a province in Canada. In Canada, it is mandatory to learn French from the 4th grade to the 9th grade. If he is Canadian, then that would explain that.
It's so interesting to think that with very little equipment, I could make solid nitrogen in my own house. Cryocooler to make liquid air and vacuum pump to turn it solid. I knew the nitrogen ice would sink. Water ice is one of the FEW exceptions that actually floats
Why is Ice, Solid Nitrogen and Solid CO² all white? I know that white means they are not absorbing any visible wave length which means that their molecules are hard to be excited by visible wavelengths but is that correct? and If so, why aren't they?
Those gases are colorless because they are simple molecules with no conjugation. Most substances without metals are colored because they have a lot of pi bonds linked together (conjugated), like beta-carotene, which makes carrots orange. The more linked pi bonds, the lower energy that is absorbed. With no linked bonds, the energy is high and falls in the UV range instead of visible, making the substance colorless.
it takes a long time to freeze a finger at that temperature. I think on mythbusters or something, it took a while to freeze a flower in liquid nitrogen
By the way, you can pour liquid nitrogen on your hands no problem. Just don't cup your hands when doing it. Similarly, you can dip your hand inside for a moment without any harm.
+Noah Williams Yes, but only at pressures higher than 5 standard atmospheres. Anything below that and it will just go back and forth between solid and gas without moving through the liquid phase.
presque (nearly ) If you are american or english I'm sherching a correspondant whith skype to get better in english and I can help you to get better in french :P
Veritasium, merci pour me montrer que les personnes comme toi qui sont regardes en anglais peuvent parler en francais et aiment des equipes canadiennes
The things I love the most about this video are the childlike wonder on the face of the scientist performing the nitrogen experiment and the excitement of his voice. There's a man who genuinely loves his job.
very true and admirable indeed
I'm
never trust a french guy. thats what tf2 has taught me
I loved the "PLUMA! PLUMA! PLUMA! PLUMA!" Part, it was great.
+Undamned He shout "Plus bas !" that mean "lower" to direct the cameraman.
This French man's happiness is contagious! I was just dying with laughter when he was like "Regardes! Regardes!"
+Sadie Oagile :,) it's pretty moving actually!
regarde *
Bravo!
+fenix 1999 regardez*
+Braindamage "regarde" he said. because "tu regardes " but with imparative form you write "regarde" without "s".
"regardez " is for someone that's not your friend. but here, they are friend and you can heard "regarde" and not "regardez".
That French man is SO into science that I'm happy for him.
OH MY FLAVOURS reminded me of myself when i was 12... that's not a bad thing i wish i can be so into science like i was then.
+Iam Anonymous I was into sleeping when I was 12
+Jackass Kitten I was into Pokemon. There is still no Nitrogen pokemon
Urf what are u doing here , get ready for tomorrow, but i can't come play with u :(
He looks like french Bill Nye
I speak french and it's just so cool to hear how the professor is amazed and enthusiastic about all that :D
+Andréa et Valentin speedcubing Definetely, my physic teacher would not be like "oh c'est rigolooo" :')
+Andréa et Valentin speed cubing My science teacher would speak in monotone, Oh, thats sort of interesting. BACK TO THE TEXT BOOK KIDS. WILLIAM TURN AROUND. THATS A PHONECALL HOME
Sit properly YOU SON OF A BITCH
+XxDerp HunterxX Hahaha :D
+Andréa et Valentin speedcubing Le fait d'entendre du français dans cette vidéo m'a surpris !
I think this might be saying the same thing in a different way. The fastest molecules carry away the energy with them.
Will the weight of liquid nitrogen in the tube eventually reduce if we continue the process of reducing pressure??
@@n.sangamithra4483 yes, until that point of time when all the liquid nitrogen becomes solid
During last two minutes the background music is so beautiful and satisfying
Can you give me the link please
...because they are not imparting their kinetic energy on the rest of the molecules and instead moved in a direction by random chance that allowed them to escape into the air.
you should pin this comment so it is at the top
It's so nice to understand both English and French! :D And the French guy really loves his job, it's awesome! :DDD
+Enigma Yeah you're right !
I wish I had that ability
ouais il aime son travaille p.s.: i speak both language too :p
+Tompie Vermaas most of us don't realize what a gift it is to have bilingual parents or eaven trilingual parents.
ben patterson I was born in Québec, a French Canadian Province. My parents and everyone I knew were not bilingual. I learned English by myself by playing video games, watching videos and going onto online forums.
I love how the french guy was so enthusiastic and exited by something he has probably seen a few times. He is the kind of person that more people should be like, someone who genuinely loves what he does.
@Prakhar Chaturvedi there are literal subtitles what are u even talking about
@@bluezz5002 The subs don't really mediate what he is actually saying.
I got excited just listening to him being so excited, despite not even knowing any french
They’re not far off the original
Fun fact! Nitrogen ice is found on the surface of Pluto!
+Hologrampizza Quite possibly for the exact same reason explained in this video.
Wow, your comment just got my mind racing and stuff I've read about Pluto suddenly made perfect sense... ooh, I'm all excited now.
+BradTheThird you mean because there was a huge decrease in pressure causing something to boil and thereby cooling nitrogen?
Such fun
very fact
wow
+Hologrampizza yay let's go to pluto!
+Hologrampizza just imagine we could use solid nitrogen to power steam turbine. possible?
Really love the genuine excitement of that french scientist (doctor/professor?)
The spy?
+Thiago Leo Kim shpee*
lol
I guess that you could say solid nitrogen is N-ice (nice)
solid nitrogen is really COOL.
***** you just need to CHILL.
BA DUM TSSSSSSSSSSS!!!!!!!!!!
boooo
That's very punny.
Oh man... that French guy is so classy! He totally makes this video.
never mind the science dig the cool french guy , maybe that why there's not more female scientists
Sometimes people say, that "If you're in to science, you know so much, that it takes wonder out of everything. When you understand things, they're not so magical anymore." These guys show, that when you understand a lot of things, you can do SO MUCH MORE and the magic is not lost.
This may be the coolest video on youtube. No pun intended.
Nah, don't lie. You meant the pun. Admit it. Lol.
Don't worry you can admit I will keep my cool don't worry
Trithis not cool man
It gave me the chills.
A true scientist there, getting excited over something he's probably done before and knew was going to happen!
Did you ever see someone *refrigerate* water by *boiling* it?
That's just too cool.
no but i heard egyptians refrigerated water, even making ice, by putting straw on top (i think) and putting it where the wind would blow through and therefore evaporate it and since evaporation is endothermic it would cool it. in fact all changes of states of matter are endothermic or exothermic, if it goes to a higher energy state such as liquid from solid, or gas from liquid it is endothermic. if it goes to a lower energy state such as liquid from gas or solid from liquid it is exothermic
Firaro
There is a little more to it. There is an inner and outer chamber that are concentric. The outer ring chamber has sand in it and the inner ring chamber has the area that will cool off. Water is poured in the outer chamber and the inner chambered is covered by straw so that it is insulated by the sun. As the water evaporates from the outer chamber it pulls heat from the inner chamber which cools it.
Firaro my favorite thing i learned today ;D thanks
Mephistolomaniac
Yup! Agreed, my friend! However, I think I will continue to use the fridge or just a frosty-cold-one" at the bar down the street!
Sometimes people say, that "If you're in to science, you know so much, that it takes wonder out of everything. When you understand things, they're not so magical anymore." These guys show, that when you understand a lot of things, you can do SO MUCH MORE and the magic is not lost.
I like to say, the more you know, the more you know you don't know. There is always room for learning
I'm so happy for that adorable french scientist :)
Triple point experiments are my favourite lab experience ever. Reading temperatures and constructing the graphs was one of the coolest things I did
The more it boils the more it congeals... brilliant.
Since I've retired I've been trying to learn French. Reading is going quite well, but this it the actual first time that I have understood spoken French outside of the lessons on Duolingo. Just another reason to enjoy this episode. C'est magnifique !
Loved the French Professor! He's just as amazed as I was!
He seemed genuinely entertained and intrigued by his own subject, I wish more professors were like that. 'specially in high school.
That guy love his work.
nitrogin is so cool literally
+Akram Zakriti Oh my god...
Nitrogin can make UFOs
I just found this youtuber, but he makes science much more interesting !
Me too!! I found this channel on Friday and i spent the entire weekend watching the videos!! :D
You are in for a wonderful ride my friends. Be sure to check out 2veritasium as well. :D Amazing stuff. (Calvin C Rayyan Memon ***** )
Teehee, that French guy was so excited it's adorable
3:54 Solid Nitrogen on the water is literally a Cool Steamboat
Compulsive and Passionate Physics!
A huge thank-you to Veritasium and collaborators for making this possible and sharing with us.
I was scared the tube in the experiment might explode in the low temperatures.
How about the physics of some more "Extreme Elements" like Phosphorous, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Caesium ...??
More! More! and More!
***** Who cares who you salute? I salute Capt. Crunch but you don't see me making comments about it all of the time.
Except for this time.
***** If you don't know what I've written, what are you replying to?
0:28 incorrect explanation: the water temperature decreases because the water goes to a higher energy state when it goes to gas phase. That physical reaction is endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat energy. That's why water on your stovetop won't heat past 100ºC: it is being cooled by the boiling, and that process sets it at an equilibrium.
ure answer is good but i think ure talkin in terms of energy he is talkin in terms of preassure........i dunno what im talkin aboot i suck at physicsXD
O BTW my law professor always told me to have a legal basis for my argument.... its not legal but pressure affects mollecule..........right? :S
Alvin Akawijaya
No, he said that the faster-moving molecules (implying the warmer molecules) are the ones that get out. They're all moving about the same speed, especially any right next to each other. The act of going to gas phase causes an individual molecule to absorb heat energy from other molecules around it.
TheReaverOfDarkness Reaver is correct. This is the fundamentals behind the operation of you're refrigerator, freezer, or A/C system, They evaporate a fluid under "low" pressure to absorb "heat" energy from there surroundings (eg. in you're fridge) and then condense the vapor back to fluid where the heat energy is dissipated or radiated (at the rear outside panel of you're fridge).
This means as The Reaver is correct the video's explanation is miss-leading
Also if you increase the pressure you raise the freezing point so using water as an example at one giga pascal (145038PSI) water will freeze at approx 20'c. so in theory under enough pressure nitrogen will do the same however the pressure required would be astronomical
There are two things causing this, first is the ideal gas law Pressure*Volume=N(amount of gas)*R(gas constant)*Temperature. When you keep the volume constant and reduce the pressure of a gas, the only thing that can change is the temperature, which decreases with a lower pressure and increases with higher pressure. Another good observation for the ideal gas law is to put a balloon in the freezer and see what happens to the size.
The second thing in action here is the latent heat of fusion/vapor, water is a good example and the latent heat of fusion(energy required to convert 1 gram of water from solid to liquid) is 334 Joules. The latent heat of vapor for water requires 2230 Joules to convert 1 gram of liquid water to vapor/gas, and the opposite holds true, 1 gram of steam has to give off 2230 Joules to get back to liquid state and has to give off 334 Joules to get to solid state. So in this example if you put water in a vacuum and get it boiling at or below room temperature, the water that is going from liquid to gas is taking 2230 Joules/gram of energy from the rest of the water to do so.
A quick side-note about Joules... just to put it in a better perspective as to how much energy it is. 1 watt is 1 Joule per second, assuming you have a 1000 watt microwave that transfers all 1000 watts to the object being cooked, it would take just over 4 seconds for the microwave to increase the temperature of a liter or kilogram water by 1 degree Celsius.
This is one of the coolest science demonstrations i've ever seen. Thank you!
I am french and i was in this exact room something like 1 year ago, i'm amazed to see this video. I don't really remember but i think the teacher is the same. The whole presentation length is something like 30 minutes, sometimes the teacher throws some things on the ground, it seems like little rocks but it's nitrogen at very low temperature.
This takes place in Palais de la Découverte, in paris, i recommend !
Great video!!
I just want to point out one thing though. That was DEFINITELY NOT CO2 at the end.
Instead it was from the solid nitrogen they made. My reasoning is as follows:
1. Dry ice (AKA frozen carbon dioxide) sinks. It does not float on water. If you are uncertain about this I'm sure there are probably heaps of RUclips videos showing it. [Frankly, this is all you need to know that wasn't dry ice]
2. Liquid carbon dioxide only occurs under containment, if it is open to the atmosphere it will instantly become gaseous, you would never just watch it bubble away
3. Dry ice in contact with cooled water would not sublimate into gas that fast, but when you watch the floating piece of [nitrogen] ice the gas is shooting off it
4. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air so the gas will 'pool' more than what you see in the video. instead the gas is shooting up and away more easily, it still is somewhat heavier than air but that is because the nitrogen is still so cold
5. Carbon dioxide makes up only around 400 parts per million in air. There's no way that enough carbon dioxide from the air came into contact with the water / liquid nitrogen bath to make a big lump like that. Especially when nitrogen gas is pouring outwardly from the bath and pushing away the air
What we saw was due to the solid piece of nitrogen that was clearly floating in the liquid nitrogen before it got poured into the water bath.
The warmth from the water half melted it but, as it bubbled away, it cooled more and more [just like the 'boiling resulting in cooling' explanation at the start of the video] until it became solid again [albeit now a much smaller piece]
Anyways it looks awesome. That's what matters
Your completely wrong
i don't think so, it's true that solid co2 don't float, the difference in temperature help it float, it's a weird physic phenomenon, because the difference in temperature is so much, the solid co2 turn to gas incredible fast, so fast that it create a kinda of "rocket engine", push it self out
Ps: i knew this because of a sci-fi movie used this phenomenon in battle
Long Nguyen You contradict yourself. Either a piece of dry ice that big floats or doesn't, and trust me it would not. Also, the water would obviously still be quite cool so the temperature difference would not be enough to make vapor release from dry ice so fast. I have spent plenty of time messing about with dry ice and I have never seen it shooting out like that.
The only reason it shoots out so fast is because of the great temperature difference between the water and *solid nitrogen.* A MUCH greater difference than for cool water and dry ice.
"Either a piece of dry ice that big floats or doesn't, and trust me it would not."
First of, no. If there was no leidenfrost effect messing the surface of the water, then it would float by sheer surface tension(the same way you can make a metallic coin rest on top of a water surface if you're stable enough balancing it). But there is a leidenfrost effect and that alone it enough to justify it floating. This is not a solid chunk of CO2, this is a thin sheet full of holes.
"so the temperature difference would not be enough to make vapor release from dry ice so fast. "
It is enough. Just look at the fog released. This thin sheet of liquid nitrogen has not much mass but a lot of surface to exchange heat.
Thats was pretty awesome!
Thermodynamics 101:
- thermodynamics are hard (I'm looking at you integral equations!)
- thermodynamics are cool (it's a pun if you didn't catch that)
If teachers taught us like this, everyone would be interested in chemistry
true .. everybody thinks chemistry is going to be fun but then the bad teaching starts
it's a pity because unlike other subjects you often have an eager audience. Just give them what they want
That was amazing, much better than the video title hinted at :-) I've only ever experienced -8C. These temps seem unimaginable to me.
The CO2 dry ice, rock and geysers were all so awesome.
2:06 - the face of a man who truly loves being a scientist
Beautiful. Simply beautiful.
This was an awesome video. I never saw solid nitrogen before. Amazing.
At our work, I think they work with the same stuff.
Inside the fridges that they used to transport, some bags of solid nitrogen can be found.
I remember sometimes for fun, picking the bag up, filling up the sink and then just put all that stuff in their. And suddenly, you have smoke everywhere. it's so fun xD
The guy in the background at 1:52 is really creepy...
+794613825a said a number on the internet
+794613825a i agree
+794613825a his smile
He's just there watching
Ender Livings Creeply smiling :p
that got me on the edge of my seat in awe ! Although every matter has its different states, I never really thought about CO2 or liquid nitrogen in solid form! Let alone seeing it ... That was awesome...
If this was a potato, it would be a good potato.
What if it was a pohtahtoh
I bet that would be an excellent potato...
my life is potato
No. It would be a Cool Potato!
Bobany potato is life.
Science is so cool
Your picture makes that look so sarcastic.
***** It used to be Bert's face, being all serious as it usually was.
I know so many people have said it already but it makes his seem even more enthusiastic to be able to understand it in both French and English it’s just generally cool to hear how excited he is about it and I hope to have that sort of enthusiasm in my life
This is very cool !!!! Literally
Freeze frame!
Ce scientifique français aime beaucoup son métier!
(Just testing my french after 2 years of learning :D)
Almost perfect except that in french there is a space before the exclamation point.
D'accord, merci !
@@Djorgal nope
@@Djorgal there is only one after the exclamation bar
That was really really amazing. Things I've never heard of or seen before. The joy the French man oozed of his love for science was palpable and infectious.
this is so cool....literally...
If I might make a suggestion that might save a few of your viewers' eyeballs or at the very least, a few frozen skin burns: Wear safety glasses. One little splashed drop of of liquid nitrogen can ruin an eyeball or cause a skin burn. Full face shield is preferable, but with liquid nitrogen, safety glasses are probably adequate.
NEVER
#YOLO #SMOKECO2ERRYDAY
Liquid nitrogen splashed most likely will not cause skin burns due to the Leidenfrost Effect.If you are fast you can dunk your hand into a vat of liquid nitrogen with no ill effects. But I have to agree with safety glasses, eyes are to valuable to take any risk.
imac8175
I think that's a foolish comment. It's not something that should be suggested. I omitted mentioning the need to wear safety glasses which you correctly advised as essential. When would you ever quickly dunk your hand into the container to place in or grab out a sample? How could you find it?
I'm in AP chemistry right now and this pertained to the unit we just finished learning. So cool!
Lol that guy staring, sitting on the chair, with his creepy smile.
dealing with liquid nitrogen with no gloves, I didn't choose the thug life, the thug life chose me.
Huh, I didn't think about temperature. I thought he was going to increase the pressure, to force the nitrogen into a solid state. But he used a totally different method. Fascinating. Also this provides a good explanation if how refrigerators work.
The property of water ice to float is very unusually. Most other thing become more dense when frozen and sink. Water ice floats, which is very lucky. If water ice sank it would make life impossible.
Pretty neat design huh?
Josh Carmack What makes you think it's part of a design? Is it impossible to you that it just happened?
In a googal yeas 10 to the 100 years you may not think it is so nice. By then most of the protons will have decayed into gamma rays. The universe will be mostly nothing.
Eric Taylor
It was designed by God to be like this.
Niewidzialna ręka rynku Proof?
*****
It's called "faith" for a reason.
Je savais pas que tu parlais le français ! :D
je veux rencontrer ce type, il envoie du foin par paquets de douze
Seems like a great way to remove green house gasses from the atmosphere. Just place some liquid nitrogen at the end of a smoke stack and drain off the CO2 which can be later processed.
at the end it was almost like a balloon deflating.
now make solid helium
solid hydrogon
+CrafterBros0 good one
Make solid water
+Gamer Zeke that sir, would be an extreme feat
+CrafterBros0 Solid helium can't exist in 1 atmosphere pressure, it only exists in pressures greater than about 24 atmosphere pressures. It would be really hard to do.
I've seen those experiments in this exact room at the Palais de la Decouverte when I was a child ! Now I'm doing science in Australia and I remember that time, thanks Derek !!!
Cool... literally.
i think i want to see more experiments in french with english subtitles. for two birds with one stone. i think i was starting to understand what he was saying . glaceon seems to mean solid.
Galçon in french just means like little ice formation (ice cube)
ty 4 that.
+Bruce Liu Glaçon
Love the enthusiasm of the older French gentleman! Great video- maybe some more subtitles so us non French speakers could understand more?
"The fastest molecules escape, leaving the slower ones behind."
Wait wait wait wait wait wait.... Isn't this decrease in temperature happening because vaporization requires energy to break the molecular bonds. This energy is got from the external heat, which cools it down.
Are both true?
its not molecular bonds, it's overcoming intermolecular interaction
its not external heat, the energy is from internal energy which is why when the energy is used up in terms of energetic molecules escaping, the average movement of molecules decreases
Timothy Hutama
Yes, of course. Thanks for correcting that one. I was referring to that, but translated it wrong in my head.
RealationGames you are correct, its the latent heat being lost from the liquid into the gas phase. However, only the (randomly) fastest moving molecules will have enough energy to leave the liquid phase, so the explanation was simplified in this manner I believe.
1:00 we get it, you vape
this is really awesome
Why doesn't the nitrogen freeze the water in the water bath?
specific heat :)
+Luiz Apple Care to elaborate?
+Robert Armstrong that was jusr a wild guess, but it's imo the only plausible explanation. water has a higher specific heat, meaning it takes lots more energy for it to change temperature than co2, but it IS rather strange that it didn't freeze, since the nitrogen was at -200
I don't think specific heat has anything to do with it. Carbon dioxide has a specific latent heat of fusion of 184 kJ/kg, while for water is 334 kj/kg. The difference isn't that large to make such a dramatic difference, I'd reckon.
+Haaris Jamil In my opinion it'd have to do with the low transfer rate and just the volume of nitrogen compared to water, which is exceedingly less. The amount of gas created might seem a lot but the actual volume of liquid/solid nitrogen is very low.
maaan I wish school was like this
I live in France and the schools are not all as good
***** yeah, you know.. just generally engaging and hands on and what not
Wow...your channel really clears the misconceptions.
so the lil solid part that was in the water was acting much like a meteor or astroid ?
in a sense, yeah. meteors and asteroids shrink as they heat up; the same goes for the dry ice in the water.
*comet
kopopo23 if a object is burning up in the atmosphere it's called a meteor if it hits the ground it's a meteorite
Vaughan Bunt semantics isn't the point here but thanks for the trivia.
CaliGaming also like a comet as it nears the sun
So it's "Icetrogen"... I'll leave now
*points to the door menacingly*
i eat dry ice and drink nitrogen for tea
I love how these guys are so into it - the older guy was so enthusiastic... wish i could love something that much!
"It's cool." Eyyyyyyy I see what you did there
Why did the water not freeze?
Because the nitrogen evaporates to quickly. Think of the way water droplets float over a red hot pan. In this casee water is so hot that the Nitrogen cant even touch it. Same for the CO2, it's not floating it's hovering.
Well, it's actually the liedenfrost effect causing it to transfer very little heat from the water into the N2
Josh Carmack
The same effect that Patrick French is speaking of when water is spilled on a very hot surface.
Josh Carmack It is a combination of both, really.
BabyBlueFord Josh Carmack its also the same thing that let the mythbusters dip their hand in molten lead without getting burned to buggery (but i wouldnt recommend anyone try to replicate this themselves)
I love how excited the french man is about this!! We need more people like him!
amazing, what languages are the professors speaking? my guess is french?
Yes, it's all French.
Everest Maher no its chinese
DOGE Hohoho no no no its french
gotpuntedagain swoosh
gotpuntedagain that's the sound of the joke flying past your head
I want to meet that French guy, he seems really cool
Yeah, even his experiments are COOL
I really don't know why I am replying to a comment that was commented 4 years ago.
I love rewatching some of your older videos. It like a refresher course in between new releases.
i navigated here from somalian pilots getting shot at
thanks youtube :D
Draw me like one of your French Girls.
i love how passionate whoever demonstrated this was about it all. how much he appreciated the really beautiful dry ice phenomenon. :)
Reducing pressure can boil it, but can also freeze it...@_@ brain blow
^no. They are reducing the pressure. When you take the pressure off the liquid, the molecules are more free to move. This movement also frees them from their liquid bond, thus, boiling occurs. Boiling removes heat from the liquid.
tomthepom98
that is wrong. They are reducing the pressure (they said it), lowering the ebulition point, making water boil at 30ºC. Same with the nitrogen but it would probably boil either way.
the thing is (Indra Ida Bagus i think this answers your question too), when they reduce the pressure more nitrogen molecules will turn to gas. This will take eneygy (heat) away from the liquid, reducing it's temperature. So, if it boils and loses energy, its temperature will drop down to the point where it freezes. This is called the triple point, where the 3 phases (gas, liquid and solid) exist at the same temperature and pressure.
tomthepom98 someone didnt watch the video at all
It's really not that odd. Think about sweat, for instance, which evaporates and takes with it the heat that made you feel hot.
"minus" is a binary operator: "five minus one equals four"
"negative" is a property of a number: "negative five is less than zero"
Whoa.... That was freaking amazing!! :O I'm speechless...
Nitrate is NO3
and Nitrite is NO2
Now, if Carbonate is CO3
was Han Solo frozen in dry ice?
OK, I'm a total nerd. That was cool. Both literally and figuratively.
This is freaking awesome.......
que tu parles bien francias
you speak frech well.
Or have google translate.
You sound like 7 in your videos and you sound American. I strongly doubt you speak French.
Ptdr tes un vrai boloss toi à faire genre que tu parle Français xD Tu sait ni parler Français, ni parler Anglais.
(He dosen't know how to speak french nor english)
Es que no Espanol? Es que espanol o francias? Tambien, lo siento para mi espanol. Yo estoy tomar un clase de espanol ahora.
Claro que si
Veritasium How many and what languages do you speak?
good question i want to know too. Parce que tu parles bien français ;)
ToxicPhenix Yes he does speak french well
ToxicPhenix So he is wearing a Vancouver Whitecaps jersey which suggests he is a fan of them. They are a soccer team and Vancouver is the capital of British Columbia which is a province in Canada. In Canada, it is mandatory to learn French from the 4th grade to the 9th grade. If he is Canadian, then that would explain that.
Explosive Fart He's Australian. But moved to Canada at a young age and went to college in Canada
Chuba Ozor so yeah that might explain that
It's so interesting to think that with very little equipment, I could make solid nitrogen in my own house. Cryocooler to make liquid air and vacuum pump to turn it solid. I knew the nitrogen ice would sink. Water ice is one of the FEW exceptions that actually floats
dry ice "its cool" DUDUM TSS
Why is Ice, Solid Nitrogen and Solid CO² all white?
I know that white means they are not absorbing any visible wave length which means that their molecules are hard to be excited by visible wavelengths but is that correct? and If so, why aren't they?
Those gases are colorless because they are simple molecules with no conjugation. Most substances without metals are colored because they have a lot of pi bonds linked together (conjugated), like beta-carotene, which makes carrots orange. The more linked pi bonds, the lower energy that is absorbed. With no linked bonds, the energy is high and falls in the UV range instead of visible, making the substance colorless.
+Kashi Seereal Thank you for your great answer, I will do more research to dive into the pi bonds because I'm very curious about the subject :)
Who says science is boring?
Some amazing, exciting stuff right there.
How the heck does that guy still have a finger?!?!?!
The bath was just room temperature water.
it takes a long time to freeze a finger at that temperature. I think on mythbusters or something, it took a while to freeze a flower in liquid nitrogen
The Jackpot isn't the water suposed to be frozen?
By the way, you can pour liquid nitrogen on your hands no problem. Just don't cup your hands when doing it. Similarly, you can dip your hand inside for a moment without any harm.
Leidenfrost effect
Suis-je le seul francais ici??
je ne suis pas de France mais je suis americain et nous parlons un peu de français.
Québécois ici!
non
j
Non ta mère regarde la vidéo avec moi.
This gave me an idea on the actual relation between the atmospheric pressure and boiling point.
Is there such a thing as liquid carbon dioxide?
+Noah Williams Yes, but only at pressures higher than 5 standard atmospheres. Anything below that and it will just go back and forth between solid and gas without moving through the liquid phase.
Walker Riley
Interesting. Thanks for the knowledge! :D
right....a bottle under extreme pressure (55-60 bar or about 59 atm). The moment it is released it reverts to a gas.
french
It's great to understand both tongues (i'm french
..) and see how happy they are!
C'est bon que je sais la francais
presque (nearly ) If you are american or english I'm sherching a correspondant whith skype to get better in english and I can help you to get better in french :P
On dit "le" français :-)
French is a masculine word :)
People who are passionate about their job really brighten up the world
Veritasium, merci pour me montrer que les personnes comme toi qui sont regardes en anglais peuvent parler en francais et aiment des equipes canadiennes
This demonstrates the beauty of science!